Hypothyroidism is generally associated with delayed puberty, but long standing untreated hypothyroidism in young children can lead to pseudo-precocious puberty. Hypothyroidism induced precocious puberty presents with thelarche, menarche, galactorrhea, absence of sexual hair, delayed bone growth also known as van wyk-grumbach syndrome. Here we report an 8 years old girl presented to us with history of cyclical per vaginal bleeding since age of 3 years. Upon further workup there were bilateral polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography, upon subsequent investigations child was diagnosed with hypothyroidism.Due to lack of neonatal screeing for hypothyroisdim,lack of awareness among genral population such cases are missed and often presents late to healthcare pfofessionals.
{"title":"Van wyk-grumbach syndrome: an unusual presentation of long standing hypothyroidism with early menarche.","authors":"H. Gul","doi":"10.31579/2642-9756/014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/014","url":null,"abstract":"Hypothyroidism is generally associated with delayed puberty, but long standing untreated hypothyroidism in young children can lead to pseudo-precocious puberty. Hypothyroidism induced precocious puberty presents with thelarche, menarche, galactorrhea, absence of sexual hair, delayed bone growth also known as van wyk-grumbach syndrome. Here we report an 8 years old girl presented to us with history of cyclical per vaginal bleeding since age of 3 years. Upon further workup there were bilateral polycystic ovaries on ultrasonography, upon subsequent investigations child was diagnosed with hypothyroidism.Due to lack of neonatal screeing for hypothyroisdim,lack of awareness among genral population such cases are missed and often presents late to healthcare pfofessionals.","PeriodicalId":93058,"journal":{"name":"Women health care and issues","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41723771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With all advancements in drug discoveries and diagnostic technologies incidence of cancer rate should have come down, but it is not so
随着药物发现和诊断技术的进步，癌症发病率本应下降，但事实并非如此
{"title":"Mammography: Boon or Bane","authors":"P. Gupta","doi":"10.31579/2642-9756/013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/013","url":null,"abstract":"With all advancements in drug discoveries and diagnostic technologies incidence of cancer rate should have come down, but it is not so","PeriodicalId":93058,"journal":{"name":"Women health care and issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44984963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Prematurity is one of the leading causes of neurological impairment and thus morbidity and mortality. Various preventive strategies are available to prevent preterm birth and fetal morbidity associated with prematurity. Magnesium sulphate was proposed for its benefits on fetal neuroprotection. Various randomised studies were done emphasising its use, the appropriate gestational age and dosing regimen. Hospital based protocols are required to implement its efficient usage.
{"title":"Antenatal magnesium sulphate for fetal neuroprotection- A mini review.","authors":"Kanika Chopra","doi":"10.31579/2642-9756/016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/016","url":null,"abstract":"Prematurity is one of the leading causes of neurological impairment and thus morbidity and mortality. Various preventive strategies are available to prevent preterm birth and fetal morbidity associated with prematurity. Magnesium sulphate was proposed for its benefits on fetal neuroprotection. Various randomised studies were done emphasising its use, the appropriate gestational age and dosing regimen. Hospital based protocols are required to implement its efficient usage.","PeriodicalId":93058,"journal":{"name":"Women health care and issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46018367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) provides conditional cash incentives to eligible pregnant women in India so that they can take at least three antenatal care services including tetanus injection and iron-folic acid, to deliver their babies in health institutions, and to take at least one postnatal service for them and their neonatal babies. We examine its effects on antenatal care and the institutional delivery. We also decompose effects into direct and indirect categories, deriving parameters from the theoretical model, then estimating them using several regression methods including the propensity score matching. We use the fourth round of the District Level Household Survey (DLHS), which has an advantage over the previous waves of DLHS.
{"title":"Direct and Indirect Effects of Janani Suraksha Yojana on Antenatal Care and Institutional Delivery","authors":"M. M. Rahman, S. Pallikadavath","doi":"10.31579/2642-9756/006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/006","url":null,"abstract":"Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) provides conditional cash incentives to eligible pregnant women in India so that they can take at least three antenatal care services including tetanus injection and iron-folic acid, to deliver their babies in health institutions, and to take at least one postnatal service for them and their neonatal babies. We examine its effects on antenatal care and the institutional delivery. We also decompose effects into direct and indirect categories, deriving parameters from the theoretical model, then estimating them using several regression methods including the propensity score matching. We use the fourth round of the District Level Household Survey (DLHS), which has an advantage over the previous waves of DLHS.","PeriodicalId":93058,"journal":{"name":"Women health care and issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42588453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide (GLOBOCAN 2012) It is estimated that over 2 million new breast cancer (BC) cases are diagnosed worldwide and over 600,000 women would die of the disease annually
{"title":"Current Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer and Future Directions","authors":"O. Tawfik, Jwan Alallaf","doi":"10.31579/2642-9756/007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/007","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide (GLOBOCAN 2012) It is estimated that over 2 million new breast cancer (BC) cases are diagnosed worldwide and over 600,000 women would die of the disease annually","PeriodicalId":93058,"journal":{"name":"Women health care and issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44342161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction Hepatitis B is the most common form of viral hepatitis. Much has been done for the prevention of Hepatitis B transmission from mother to child. However, there is still very limited evidence looking at maternal obstetrics and perinatal outcomes, such as gestational diabetes, antepartum haemorrhage and preterm labour, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and small for gestational age, with Hepatitis B infected women. These adverse pregnancy outcomes, if significant, may affect future antenatal care and have a negative impact on public health. This study aims to determine the association between these adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes with maternal Hepatitis B carrier state. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study comparing adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in primigravid women who delivered singleton babies after 24 completed weeks of gestation and are carrier for Hepatitis B virus with those who are non-carrier for Hepatitis B virus, between 1992 and 2013 in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital. The adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes studied include hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage, preterm birth <37 weeks, induction of labour, caesarean delivery, low birth weight and admission to neonatal unit. Data was extracted from the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (AMND), which was established in 1950 to record all pregnancy-related events occurring in Aberdeen city and district in the northeast of Scotland. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 21 using independent samples t-test for normally distributed continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using a multilevel random effects regression model was also conducted to adjust for confounding factors. Results The data set contained a sample size of 35116 primigravid women with singleton pregnancies, with 59 being carrier for Hepatitis B virus (represented by positive HBsAg status). HBsAg-positive women had significantly lower mean Body Mass Index and were more likely to be from the manual social class (registrar general’s occupation-based social class). On unadjusted analysis, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of all maternal and perinatal outcomes in both groups. However, after adjusting for confounding factors, HBsAg-positive women were more likely to have smaller babies (aOR 4.28; 95% CI 1.57-11.66). Conclusion Our study suggested higher frequencies of low birth weight babies in women with hepatitis B infection. We found no statistically significant differences in other adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. As current evidence still shows inconsistent results, further research evaluating the possible effects of Hepatitis B viraemia on pregnancy outcomes is justified.
{"title":"Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in women with Hepatitis B Carrier State","authors":"M. J. Seet, S. Bhattacharya, A. Shetty","doi":"10.31579/JWHC.2019/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/JWHC.2019/008","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Hepatitis B is the most common form of viral hepatitis. Much has been done for the prevention of Hepatitis B transmission from mother to child. However, there is still very limited evidence looking at maternal obstetrics and perinatal outcomes, such as gestational diabetes, antepartum haemorrhage and preterm labour, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy and small for gestational age, with Hepatitis B infected women. These adverse pregnancy outcomes, if significant, may affect future antenatal care and have a negative impact on public health. This study aims to determine the association between these adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes with maternal Hepatitis B carrier state. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study comparing adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in primigravid women who delivered singleton babies after 24 completed weeks of gestation and are carrier for Hepatitis B virus with those who are non-carrier for Hepatitis B virus, between 1992 and 2013 in Aberdeen Maternity Hospital. The adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes studied include hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, antepartum haemorrhage, preterm birth <37 weeks, induction of labour, caesarean delivery, low birth weight and admission to neonatal unit. Data was extracted from the Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank (AMND), which was established in 1950 to record all pregnancy-related events occurring in Aberdeen city and district in the northeast of Scotland. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS version 21 using independent samples t-test for normally distributed continuous variables and chi-squared test for categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression analysis using a multilevel random effects regression model was also conducted to adjust for confounding factors. Results The data set contained a sample size of 35116 primigravid women with singleton pregnancies, with 59 being carrier for Hepatitis B virus (represented by positive HBsAg status). HBsAg-positive women had significantly lower mean Body Mass Index and were more likely to be from the manual social class (registrar general’s occupation-based social class). On unadjusted analysis, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of all maternal and perinatal outcomes in both groups. However, after adjusting for confounding factors, HBsAg-positive women were more likely to have smaller babies (aOR 4.28; 95% CI 1.57-11.66). Conclusion Our study suggested higher frequencies of low birth weight babies in women with hepatitis B infection. We found no statistically significant differences in other adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. As current evidence still shows inconsistent results, further research evaluating the possible effects of Hepatitis B viraemia on pregnancy outcomes is justified.","PeriodicalId":93058,"journal":{"name":"Women health care and issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42674160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The most common type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a urinary tract infection (UTI), and 80 percent of these are associated with the use of indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs). These are termed catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). It has been estimated that about 25 percent of all hospitalized patients have an IUC placed during their hospital stay. In addition to the morbidity and mortality that may be associated with a CAUTI, there are also financial consequences. This is particularly true since as of October 1, 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services stopped reimbursing hospitals for several types of infections acquired during a hospital stay, including CAUTIs. In United States (U.S.) the estimated annual cost of treating these CAUTIs is $350 million. It has been proposed that a large percentage of CAUTIs should be preventable. This article will discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CAUTIs
{"title":"Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention","authors":"K. Clarke","doi":"10.31579/2642-9756/008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/008","url":null,"abstract":"The most common type of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) is a urinary tract infection (UTI), and 80 percent of these are associated with the use of indwelling urinary catheters (IUCs). These are termed catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). It has been estimated that about 25 percent of all hospitalized patients have an IUC placed during their hospital stay. In addition to the morbidity and mortality that may be associated with a CAUTI, there are also financial consequences. This is particularly true since as of October 1, 2008, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services stopped reimbursing hospitals for several types of infections acquired during a hospital stay, including CAUTIs. In United States (U.S.) the estimated annual cost of treating these CAUTIs is $350 million. It has been proposed that a large percentage of CAUTIs should be preventable. This article will discuss the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CAUTIs","PeriodicalId":93058,"journal":{"name":"Women health care and issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49127952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pascal J Goldschmidt-Clermont, Jean-Loup Romet Lemonne, Arnaud Fontanet, Mario Stevenson
With growth and exponential globe trotter traveling of the human population, and many more conducive factors, the likelihood of merging and melting viruses capable of infecting humans in a cooperative fashion, has increased markedly. Hence, viruses that were limited to a particular region of the planet, or to certain population groups, have become capable of infecting humans on a pandemic scale. Some viruses not only can infect pregnant women, but also expand to the amnotic fluid and fetus. With this review, we will reflect upon some examples of known viral cooperations, as well as new ones that have the potential for compromising human health and survival of the fetus in utero.
{"title":"Virus Cooperation, ZIKV Viremia and in Utero Fetus Infection.","authors":"Pascal J Goldschmidt-Clermont, Jean-Loup Romet Lemonne, Arnaud Fontanet, Mario Stevenson","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With growth and exponential globe trotter traveling of the human population, and many more conducive factors, the likelihood of merging and melting viruses capable of infecting humans in a cooperative fashion, has increased markedly. Hence, viruses that were limited to a particular region of the planet, or to certain population groups, have become capable of infecting humans on a pandemic scale. Some viruses not only can infect pregnant women, but also expand to the amnotic fluid and fetus. With this review, we will reflect upon some examples of known viral cooperations, as well as new ones that have the potential for compromising human health and survival of the fetus in utero.</p>","PeriodicalId":93058,"journal":{"name":"Women health care and issues","volume":"2 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7236908/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37957906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to aware people about the use of maternal and neonatal clinical audit as integrated strategy to fight against Maternal and neonatal mortality. A short literature review has been conducted using the words audit, clinical audit, maternal audit and neonatal audit » to produce lessons learned about clinical audit in the African context. Several strategies are implementing to improve the quality of care but not in nationwide setting about maternal death audits. And few studies focused on newborn death audits. Both maternal and newborn deaths audits are suitable for achieving the Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH), as a nationwide initiative going toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
{"title":"Short Communication : Mother, but without Forgetting Her Child: Time To Nationwide the Good Practices of Maternal and Newborn Deaths Audit for Better Healthcare Quality","authors":"Méda Ziemlé Clément","doi":"10.31579/2642-9756/002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2642-9756/002","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to aware people about the use of maternal and neonatal clinical audit as integrated strategy to fight against Maternal and neonatal mortality. A short literature review has been conducted using the words audit, clinical audit, maternal audit and neonatal audit » to produce lessons learned about clinical audit in the African context. Several strategies are implementing to improve the quality of care but not in nationwide setting about maternal death audits. And few studies focused on newborn death audits. Both maternal and newborn deaths audits are suitable for achieving the Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH), as a nationwide initiative going toward achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).","PeriodicalId":93058,"journal":{"name":"Women health care and issues","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47411756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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