Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.6.006
D. Foster, L. Jackson, V. Padmanabhan
{"title":"Novel concepts about normal sexual differentiation of reproductive neuroendocrine function and the developmental origins of female reproductive dysfunction: the sheep model","authors":"D. Foster, L. Jackson, V. Padmanabhan","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.6.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.6.006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42653107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.028
A. Conley, L. Reynolds
One of the most fundamental axioms of mammalian reproduction is that pregnancy requires the support of progesterone without which it cannot be established or maintained. Though this basic physiological tenet was accepted long ago, major gaps in our understanding of the physiology of both pregnancy and parturition remain which hamper our ability to solve clinically and agriculturally significant problems such as low fertility, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth and poor neonatal outcomes. The historical reliance of our understanding of both pregnancy and parturition on this single hormone, and how it has been measured in the vast majority of studies, may represent a tangible weakness and impediment to progress. Other weaknesses include a desire to fit all species into a unified paradigm, and a reluctance to accept that physiological processes regulated by progesterone or other progestins in different tissues might vary in reliance on classic (nuclear receptor) versus other, non-classical mechanisms of action. The relative importance of these distinct response pathways in certain cells or tissues also may differ across species, as does so much of basic reproductive physiology. It is well known that certain species are reliant on luteal function throughout gestation, whereas the placenta subsumes endocrine support in others (Geisert & Conley 1998), yet progesterone alone is still believed to be the single common element. As radical as it might seem, however, progesterone may not be the single common hormone of pregnancy in mammals.
{"title":"Steroidogenesis and the initiation of parturition","authors":"A. Conley, L. Reynolds","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.028","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most fundamental axioms of mammalian reproduction is that pregnancy requires the support of progesterone without which it cannot be established or maintained. Though this basic physiological tenet was accepted long ago, major gaps in our understanding of the physiology of both pregnancy and parturition remain which hamper our ability to solve clinically and agriculturally significant problems such as low fertility, fetal growth restriction, preterm birth and poor neonatal outcomes. The historical reliance of our understanding of both pregnancy and parturition on this single hormone, and how it has been measured in the vast majority of studies, may represent a tangible weakness and impediment to progress. Other weaknesses include a desire to fit all species into a unified paradigm, and a reluctance to accept that physiological processes regulated by progesterone or other progestins in different tissues might vary in reliance on classic (nuclear receptor) versus other, non-classical mechanisms of action. The relative importance of these distinct response pathways in certain cells or tissues also may differ across species, as does so much of basic reproductive physiology. It is well known that certain species are reliant on luteal function throughout gestation, whereas the placenta subsumes endocrine support in others (Geisert & Conley 1998), yet progesterone alone is still believed to be the single common element. As radical as it might seem, however, progesterone may not be the single common hormone of pregnancy in mammals.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41582090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.6.004
K. McNatty, P. Smith, D. Heath, Il Juengel
{"title":"Control of ovarian follicular development to the gonadotrophin-dependent phase: a 2006 perspective","authors":"K. McNatty, P. Smith, D. Heath, Il Juengel","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.6.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.6.004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41624770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.2.012
K. Taya, H. Kaneko, Gen Watanabe, S. Sasamoto
Pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for development and maintenance of ovarian follicles in single and multiple ovulating species. The concentrations of FSH in peripheral plasma are maintained by stimulatory effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and inhibitory effects of secretions from ovaries, such as steroid hormones and inhibin. Recently, two more ovarian peptides, activin (FSH-releasing protein) (Vale et al., 1986; Ling et al., 1986) and follistatin (FSH-suppressing protein) (Robertson et al., 1987; Ying et al., 1987a), have been isolated from pig (pFF) and bovine (bFF) follicular fluids, although the existence of these peptides in the peripheral blood has not yet been demonstrated. In the present review, we summarize the role of inhibin and steroid hormones for the control of FSH secretion in cows and pigs, with discussion using relative findings in rats obtained in our laboratory.
垂体促卵泡激素(FSH)对单个和多个排卵物种的卵巢卵泡的发育和维持至关重要。外周血浆中卵泡刺激素的浓度是由下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的刺激作用和卵巢分泌物(如类固醇激素和抑制素)的抑制作用维持的。最近，又有两种卵巢肽，激活素(fsh释放蛋白)(Vale等，1986;Ling et al.， 1986)和卵泡素(卵泡素抑制蛋白)(Robertson et al.， 1987;Ying等人，1987a)已经从猪(pFF)和牛(bFF)卵泡液中分离出这些肽，尽管这些肽在外周血中的存在尚未得到证实。在本文中，我们总结了抑制素和类固醇激素在奶牛和猪中控制卵泡刺激素分泌的作用，并讨论了我们实验室在大鼠中获得的相关发现。
{"title":"Inhibin and secretion of FSH in oestrous cycles of cows and pigs","authors":"K. Taya, H. Kaneko, Gen Watanabe, S. Sasamoto","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.2.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.2.012","url":null,"abstract":"Pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for development and maintenance of ovarian follicles in single and multiple ovulating species. The concentrations of FSH in peripheral plasma are maintained by stimulatory effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and inhibitory effects of secretions from ovaries, such as steroid hormones and inhibin. Recently, two more ovarian peptides, activin (FSH-releasing protein) (Vale et al., 1986; Ling et al., 1986) and follistatin (FSH-suppressing protein) (Robertson et al., 1987; Ying et al., 1987a), have been isolated from pig (pFF) and bovine (bFF) follicular fluids, although the existence of these peptides in the peripheral blood has not yet been demonstrated. In the present review, we summarize the role of inhibin and steroid hormones for the control of FSH secretion in cows and pigs, with discussion using relative findings in rats obtained in our laboratory.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43289531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0004
S. Tamas, K. Kikuchi, H. Kaneko, J. Noguchi, K. Yoshioka, T. Nagai
Cryopreservation of female germplasm has basic importance in preservation and distribution of genetic lines in farm animals. Although vitrification technology has been applied for the cryopreservation of porcine oocytes and ovarian tissues, reduced developmental competence of preserved oocytes and the lack of offspring produced from them underlines the importance for further developments in cryopreservation protocols for this purpose. This review discusses the problems of female germplasm cryopreservation in pigs and the possible strategies to overcome them and gives an update on the present status of cryopreservation of porcine oocytes and ovarian tissues.
{"title":"Cryopreservation of female germplasm in pigs","authors":"S. Tamas, K. Kikuchi, H. Kaneko, J. Noguchi, K. Yoshioka, T. Nagai","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Cryopreservation of female germplasm has basic importance in preservation and distribution of genetic lines in farm animals. Although vitrification technology has been applied for the cryopreservation of porcine oocytes and ovarian tissues, reduced developmental competence of preserved oocytes and the lack of offspring produced from them underlines the importance for further developments in cryopreservation protocols for this purpose. This review discusses the problems of female germplasm cryopreservation in pigs and the possible strategies to overcome them and gives an update on the present status of cryopreservation of porcine oocytes and ovarian tissues.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43417337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0029
H. Niemann
Pigs have a long standing and very successful history as biomedical model for studying human diseases and developing novel therapies mainly attributed to the many genetic, anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. Non-transgenic pig models have long been used for a wide range of human organ systems and diseases, and even complex metabolic disorders and have served as model for developing novel surgical techniques and endoscopic approaches, such as NOTES (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery). The availability of the porcine genome and novel tools to add or delete specific genes significantly expands the potential for transgenic pig production. Somatic cell nuclear transfer has emerged as the preferred method for transgenesis. Well characterized transgenic pig models have been reported for Cystic fibrosis, the eye disease Retinitis Pigmentosa, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Transgenic pigs have been produced for modeling neurological diseases, including Alzheimer and Huntington disease, specific forms of cancer, and skin diseases. Transgenic pigs play an important role in developing functional porcine xenografts to combat the growing shortage of appropriate human organs for transplantation. Other important transgenic pig models include immunodeficient pigs and Oct4/GFP transgenic pigs for studies of reprogramming. Pig models will not replace the already existing mouse models but can provide significant novel insight into a variety of diseases, as mouse models frequently do not mimic the human situation. Transgenic pigs will also soon play an increasing role in the development of novel therapies based on stem cell technology. The biomedical use of pigs will also facilitate transgenic pig production for agricultural production.
{"title":"Pigs as model systems for biomedical research","authors":"H. Niemann","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0029","url":null,"abstract":"Pigs have a long standing and very successful history as biomedical model for studying human diseases and developing novel therapies mainly attributed to the many genetic, anatomical and physiological similarities with humans. Non-transgenic pig models have long been used for a wide range of human organ systems and diseases, and even complex metabolic disorders and have served as model for developing novel surgical techniques and endoscopic approaches, such as NOTES (natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery). The availability of the porcine genome and novel tools to add or delete specific genes significantly expands the potential for transgenic pig production. Somatic cell nuclear transfer has emerged as the preferred method for transgenesis. Well characterized transgenic pig models have been reported for Cystic fibrosis, the eye disease Retinitis Pigmentosa, atherosclerosis and diabetes. Transgenic pigs have been produced for modeling neurological diseases, including Alzheimer and Huntington disease, specific forms of cancer, and skin diseases. Transgenic pigs play an important role in developing functional porcine xenografts to combat the growing shortage of appropriate human organs for transplantation. Other important transgenic pig models include immunodeficient pigs and Oct4/GFP transgenic pigs for studies of reprogramming. Pig models will not replace the already existing mouse models but can provide significant novel insight into a variety of diseases, as mouse models frequently do not mimic the human situation. Transgenic pigs will also soon play an increasing role in the development of novel therapies based on stem cell technology. The biomedical use of pigs will also facilitate transgenic pig production for agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48164358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0016
W. B. Fuller, K. Jinyoung, Song Gwonhwa, Ka Hakhyun, W. Guoyao, G. A. Johnson, J. Vallet
{"title":"Roles of selected nutrients in development of the porcine conceptus during pregnancy","authors":"W. B. Fuller, K. Jinyoung, Song Gwonhwa, Ka Hakhyun, W. Guoyao, G. A. Johnson, J. Vallet","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42639817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.031
J. Santiago-Moreno, M. A. Coloma, A. Toledano-Díaz, C. Castaño, A. Gómez-Brunet, A. López-Sebastián
{"title":"Assisted reproduction in Mediterranean wild ruminants: lessons from the Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica)","authors":"J. Santiago-Moreno, M. A. Coloma, A. Toledano-Díaz, C. Castaño, A. Gómez-Brunet, A. López-Sebastián","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":"179 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0024
JL Vallet
{"title":"Use of the Immunocrit to monitor a split-suckle program in commercial production","authors":"JL Vallet","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44784148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.024
R. Meidan
The corpus luteum (CL), via progesterone production, plays a central role in the regulation of cyclicity and in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in ruminant species. In the absence of an embryonic signal, the CL will regress functionally and then structurally. Pulses of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) from the uterus reach the ovary via the vascular utero-ovarian plexus causing the demise of the CL. Although it is well established that PGF2α is the principal luteolytic hormone in ruminants, many aspects of its function are still being debated. The successful establishment of pregnancy requires inhibition of uterine PGF2α actions, prolongation, or maintenance of luteal function and the continuous secretion of progesterone. The conceptus signals its presence by releasing interferon tau (IFNT). IFNT acting directly on the endometrium by various mechanisms and possibly also on the CL activates antiluteolytic responses that protect the function of the CL. PGE2, synthesized by the endometrium and the CL, could also induce processes that are important for maintenance of luteal function in pregnancy. The mechanisms controlling luteal regression or its maintenance by the coordinated actions of PGF2α, IFNT, and PGE2 are discussed.
{"title":"Corpus luteum regression or maintenance: a duel between prostaglandins and interferon tau","authors":"R. Meidan","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.024","url":null,"abstract":"The corpus luteum (CL), via progesterone production, plays a central role in the regulation of cyclicity and in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in ruminant species. In the absence of an embryonic signal, the CL will regress functionally and then structurally. Pulses of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) from the uterus reach the ovary via the vascular utero-ovarian plexus causing the demise of the CL. Although it is well established that PGF2α is the principal luteolytic hormone in ruminants, many aspects of its function are still being debated. The successful establishment of pregnancy requires inhibition of uterine PGF2α actions, prolongation, or maintenance of luteal function and the continuous secretion of progesterone. The conceptus signals its presence by releasing interferon tau (IFNT). IFNT acting directly on the endometrium by various mechanisms and possibly also on the CL activates antiluteolytic responses that protect the function of the CL. PGE2, synthesized by the endometrium and the CL, could also induce processes that are important for maintenance of luteal function in pregnancy. The mechanisms controlling luteal regression or its maintenance by the coordinated actions of PGF2α, IFNT, and PGE2 are discussed.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49386463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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