Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.2.012
K. Taya, H. Kaneko, Gen Watanabe, S. Sasamoto
Pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for development and maintenance of ovarian follicles in single and multiple ovulating species. The concentrations of FSH in peripheral plasma are maintained by stimulatory effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and inhibitory effects of secretions from ovaries, such as steroid hormones and inhibin. Recently, two more ovarian peptides, activin (FSH-releasing protein) (Vale et al., 1986; Ling et al., 1986) and follistatin (FSH-suppressing protein) (Robertson et al., 1987; Ying et al., 1987a), have been isolated from pig (pFF) and bovine (bFF) follicular fluids, although the existence of these peptides in the peripheral blood has not yet been demonstrated. In the present review, we summarize the role of inhibin and steroid hormones for the control of FSH secretion in cows and pigs, with discussion using relative findings in rats obtained in our laboratory.
垂体促卵泡激素(FSH)对单个和多个排卵物种的卵巢卵泡的发育和维持至关重要。外周血浆中卵泡刺激素的浓度是由下丘脑分泌的促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)的刺激作用和卵巢分泌物(如类固醇激素和抑制素)的抑制作用维持的。最近，又有两种卵巢肽，激活素(fsh释放蛋白)(Vale等，1986;Ling et al.， 1986)和卵泡素(卵泡素抑制蛋白)(Robertson et al.， 1987;Ying等人，1987a)已经从猪(pFF)和牛(bFF)卵泡液中分离出这些肽，尽管这些肽在外周血中的存在尚未得到证实。在本文中，我们总结了抑制素和类固醇激素在奶牛和猪中控制卵泡刺激素分泌的作用，并讨论了我们实验室在大鼠中获得的相关发现。
{"title":"Inhibin and secretion of FSH in oestrous cycles of cows and pigs","authors":"K. Taya, H. Kaneko, Gen Watanabe, S. Sasamoto","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.2.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.2.012","url":null,"abstract":"Pituitary follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is essential for development and maintenance of ovarian follicles in single and multiple ovulating species. The concentrations of FSH in peripheral plasma are maintained by stimulatory effects of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus and inhibitory effects of secretions from ovaries, such as steroid hormones and inhibin. Recently, two more ovarian peptides, activin (FSH-releasing protein) (Vale et al., 1986; Ling et al., 1986) and follistatin (FSH-suppressing protein) (Robertson et al., 1987; Ying et al., 1987a), have been isolated from pig (pFF) and bovine (bFF) follicular fluids, although the existence of these peptides in the peripheral blood has not yet been demonstrated. In the present review, we summarize the role of inhibin and steroid hormones for the control of FSH secretion in cows and pigs, with discussion using relative findings in rats obtained in our laboratory.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43289531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.008
George W. Smith, A. Sen, J. Folger, J. Ireland
{"title":"Putative role of cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CARTPT) in dominant follicle selection in cattle","authors":"George W. Smith, A. Sen, J. Folger, J. Ireland","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47578502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0010
E. Martinez, E. A. Gil, C. Cuello, J. Sanchez-Osorio, J. Gomis, I. Parrilla, M. Angel, H. Rodríguez-Martínez, X. Lucas, J. Vazquez, J. M. Vázquez, J. Roca
Embryo transfer (ET) should play a critical role in the pig industry because it allows the movement and introduction of new genetic material into a herd with minimal risk of disease transmission and reduced transportation costs. In addition, embryo movement could prevent the potential health and welfare problems associated with transporting live pigs. Although the first successful ET was reported more than 60 years ago, the commercial use of this procedure in pigs is still in its infancy. The surgical requirements for embryo collection and transfer and the difficulties with embryo cryopreservation have prevented its use in pigs, unlike other livestock. However, new methodologies have been developed in the past decade to enable successful non-surgical ET and embryo cryopreservation that could allow the commercial use of ET in the pig industry. This review focuses on the development of these technologies with emphasis on our own findings. Specifically, we discuss the basic aspects of a non-surgical deep-uterine ET procedure and describe several factors that affect its efficacy in the transfer of fresh and short-term cultured embryos. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion on the use of this procedure with long-term stored embryos.
{"title":"Current progress in non-surgical embryo transfer with fresh and vitrified/warmed pig embryos","authors":"E. Martinez, E. A. Gil, C. Cuello, J. Sanchez-Osorio, J. Gomis, I. Parrilla, M. Angel, H. Rodríguez-Martínez, X. Lucas, J. Vazquez, J. M. Vázquez, J. Roca","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0010","url":null,"abstract":"Embryo transfer (ET) should play a critical role in the pig industry because it allows the movement and introduction of new genetic material into a herd with minimal risk of disease transmission and reduced transportation costs. In addition, embryo movement could prevent the potential health and welfare problems associated with transporting live pigs. Although the first successful ET was reported more than 60 years ago, the commercial use of this procedure in pigs is still in its infancy. The surgical requirements for embryo collection and transfer and the difficulties with embryo cryopreservation have prevented its use in pigs, unlike other livestock. However, new methodologies have been developed in the past decade to enable successful non-surgical ET and embryo cryopreservation that could allow the commercial use of ET in the pig industry. This review focuses on the development of these technologies with emphasis on our own findings. Specifically, we discuss the basic aspects of a non-surgical deep-uterine ET procedure and describe several factors that affect its efficacy in the transfer of fresh and short-term cultured embryos. Finally, we conclude with a brief discussion on the use of this procedure with long-term stored embryos.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48537948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.006
M. Hoelker, D. Salilew-Wondim, E. Held, D. Tesfaye, K. Schellander
Low fertility is one of the major problems limiting the efficiency of the dairy industry. Successful pregnancy establishment and development to term depend on the suitability of the endometrial environment and the intrinsic quality of the embryo. Accurate assessment of both, however, is challenging. Therefore, the present survey reviews current knowledge of the molecular networks in the endometrium related to pregnancy establishment and maintenance to term. Accordingly, distinct molecular signatures of the bovine endometrium, elucidated by innovative approaches, could be correlated with pregnancy success. However, not only must the reproductive tract provide a suitable environment but the embryo itself must be competent to express its developmental program. Numerous studies have correlated molecular networks of bovine embryos with their developmental capacity. However, most studies were, by their nature, invasive and the findings were therefore difficult to extrapolate beyond the developmental stages examined. Hence, a second aim is to present new strategies employing embryo biopsies for a direct connection between molecular signatures and embryo developmental capacity. Large scale differences, at the molecular level, were reported for blastomeres whose counterparts developed to the blastocyst stage compared to those with lower developmental competence, thus unraveling distinct molecular fingerprints related to ability to develop to the blastocyst stage. Similarly, distinct molecular signatures at the blastocyst stage were associated with embryo developmental competence to term. In summary, further understanding of molecular signatures related to endometrial receptivity and embryo developmental capacity has been gained from novel innovative strategies including embryo microdissection as well as by examining endometrial samples collected in the cycle preceding the one in which conception occurs.
{"title":"Gene networks in the embryo and endometrium related to embryo survival","authors":"M. Hoelker, D. Salilew-Wondim, E. Held, D. Tesfaye, K. Schellander","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.006","url":null,"abstract":"Low fertility is one of the major problems limiting the efficiency of the dairy industry. Successful pregnancy establishment and development to term depend on the suitability of the endometrial environment and the intrinsic quality of the embryo. Accurate assessment of both, however, is challenging. Therefore, the present survey reviews current knowledge of the molecular networks in the endometrium related to pregnancy establishment and maintenance to term. Accordingly, distinct molecular signatures of the bovine endometrium, elucidated by innovative approaches, could be correlated with pregnancy success. However, not only must the reproductive tract provide a suitable environment but the embryo itself must be competent to express its developmental program. Numerous studies have correlated molecular networks of bovine embryos with their developmental capacity. However, most studies were, by their nature, invasive and the findings were therefore difficult to extrapolate beyond the developmental stages examined. Hence, a second aim is to present new strategies employing embryo biopsies for a direct connection between molecular signatures and embryo developmental capacity. Large scale differences, at the molecular level, were reported for blastomeres whose counterparts developed to the blastocyst stage compared to those with lower developmental competence, thus unraveling distinct molecular fingerprints related to ability to develop to the blastocyst stage. Similarly, distinct molecular signatures at the blastocyst stage were associated with embryo developmental competence to term. In summary, further understanding of molecular signatures related to endometrial receptivity and embryo developmental capacity has been gained from novel innovative strategies including embryo microdissection as well as by examining endometrial samples collected in the cycle preceding the one in which conception occurs.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49029984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0028
T. Ezashi, R. M. Roberts
In some situations, the pig has advantages over the mouse as a model in biomedical research. The availability of pluripotent cell lines is likely to broaden this appeal. Here we review progress in the derivation and characterization of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent lines (iPSC) from pigs. Until recently, most porcine ESC failed to meet the full criteria for pluripotency, but that may be changing as more becomes known about the culture conditions required to maintain epiblast outgrowths from early porcine conceptuses in an undifferentiated, self-renewing state. In addition, porcine iPSC cells have been generated, some with the features of FGF2-dependent epiblast-type cells, typified by human ESC, and others that require LIF and resemble the “ground state”, na ï ve-type mouse ESC. Despite these successes, incomplete reprogramming and loss of pluripotency when selection conditions are relaxed continue to be problems that must be overcome if the full potential of iPSC is to be realized. The most immediate value of iPSC may relate to their ability to proliferate almost indefinitely in culture, thus enabling more complex genetic manipulations of the genome through growth selection than could be performed in other cell types. The “undifferentiated” state of iPSC may also allow improved cloning efficiency, although this remains to be proved. Finally, the pig will likely prove useful in testing stem cell-based therapies, although only a limited number of experiments demonstrating that the porcine iPSC can be directed to transform into more specialized sub-lineages and then form functional grafts have been performed.
{"title":"Porcine pluripotent stem cells and their differentiation","authors":"T. Ezashi, R. M. Roberts","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0028","url":null,"abstract":"In some situations, the pig has advantages over the mouse as a model in biomedical research. The availability of pluripotent cell lines is likely to broaden this appeal. Here we review progress in the derivation and characterization of embryonic stem cells (ESC) and induced pluripotent lines (iPSC) from pigs. Until recently, most porcine ESC failed to meet the full criteria for pluripotency, but that may be changing as more becomes known about the culture conditions required to maintain epiblast outgrowths from early porcine conceptuses in an undifferentiated, self-renewing state. In addition, porcine iPSC cells have been generated, some with the features of FGF2-dependent epiblast-type cells, typified by human ESC, and others that require LIF and resemble the “ground state”, na ï ve-type mouse ESC. Despite these successes, incomplete reprogramming and loss of pluripotency when selection conditions are relaxed continue to be problems that must be overcome if the full potential of iPSC is to be realized. The most immediate value of iPSC may relate to their ability to proliferate almost indefinitely in culture, thus enabling more complex genetic manipulations of the genome through growth selection than could be performed in other cell types. The “undifferentiated” state of iPSC may also allow improved cloning efficiency, although this remains to be proved. Finally, the pig will likely prove useful in testing stem cell-based therapies, although only a limited number of experiments demonstrating that the porcine iPSC can be directed to transform into more specialized sub-lineages and then form functional grafts have been performed.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46729242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0016
W. B. Fuller, K. Jinyoung, Song Gwonhwa, Ka Hakhyun, W. Guoyao, G. A. Johnson, J. Vallet
{"title":"Roles of selected nutrients in development of the porcine conceptus during pregnancy","authors":"W. B. Fuller, K. Jinyoung, Song Gwonhwa, Ka Hakhyun, W. Guoyao, G. A. Johnson, J. Vallet","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42639817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.031
J. Santiago-Moreno, M. A. Coloma, A. Toledano-Díaz, C. Castaño, A. Gómez-Brunet, A. López-Sebastián
{"title":"Assisted reproduction in Mediterranean wild ruminants: lessons from the Spanish ibex (Capra pyrenaica)","authors":"J. Santiago-Moreno, M. A. Coloma, A. Toledano-Díaz, C. Castaño, A. Gómez-Brunet, A. López-Sebastián","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.7.031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":"179 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41284615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0024
JL Vallet
{"title":"Use of the Immunocrit to monitor a split-suckle program in commercial production","authors":"JL Vallet","doi":"10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/biosciprocs.19.0024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44784148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-05DOI: 10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.024
R. Meidan
The corpus luteum (CL), via progesterone production, plays a central role in the regulation of cyclicity and in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in ruminant species. In the absence of an embryonic signal, the CL will regress functionally and then structurally. Pulses of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) from the uterus reach the ovary via the vascular utero-ovarian plexus causing the demise of the CL. Although it is well established that PGF2α is the principal luteolytic hormone in ruminants, many aspects of its function are still being debated. The successful establishment of pregnancy requires inhibition of uterine PGF2α actions, prolongation, or maintenance of luteal function and the continuous secretion of progesterone. The conceptus signals its presence by releasing interferon tau (IFNT). IFNT acting directly on the endometrium by various mechanisms and possibly also on the CL activates antiluteolytic responses that protect the function of the CL. PGE2, synthesized by the endometrium and the CL, could also induce processes that are important for maintenance of luteal function in pregnancy. The mechanisms controlling luteal regression or its maintenance by the coordinated actions of PGF2α, IFNT, and PGE2 are discussed.
{"title":"Corpus luteum regression or maintenance: a duel between prostaglandins and interferon tau","authors":"R. Meidan","doi":"10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1530/BIOSCIPROCS.8.024","url":null,"abstract":"The corpus luteum (CL), via progesterone production, plays a central role in the regulation of cyclicity and in the establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in ruminant species. In the absence of an embryonic signal, the CL will regress functionally and then structurally. Pulses of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) from the uterus reach the ovary via the vascular utero-ovarian plexus causing the demise of the CL. Although it is well established that PGF2α is the principal luteolytic hormone in ruminants, many aspects of its function are still being debated. The successful establishment of pregnancy requires inhibition of uterine PGF2α actions, prolongation, or maintenance of luteal function and the continuous secretion of progesterone. The conceptus signals its presence by releasing interferon tau (IFNT). IFNT acting directly on the endometrium by various mechanisms and possibly also on the CL activates antiluteolytic responses that protect the function of the CL. PGE2, synthesized by the endometrium and the CL, could also induce processes that are important for maintenance of luteal function in pregnancy. The mechanisms controlling luteal regression or its maintenance by the coordinated actions of PGF2α, IFNT, and PGE2 are discussed.","PeriodicalId":93083,"journal":{"name":"Bioscientifica proceedings","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49386463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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