Pub Date : 2019-08-07DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00109
D. Kaushal, N. Shakrawal, A. Goyal, N. Nair, Aman Verma, D. Prakash
Thyroid gland develops from endodermal tissue of foramen cecum at anterior 2/3rd and posterior 1/3rd of tongue between 3rd4th week of gestation, penetrate downward to reach its normal adult location at 2nd4th tracheal rings in the neck during 7th week of gestation.1,2 Ectopic lingual thyroid is a rare congenital entity with prevalence of 1 in 1-3 lakh population.3 It occurs due to arrest of migration of endodermal tissue from foramen caecum to its final pre-laryngeal location in the beginning of its development. Aberrant migration can lead to presence of ectopic thyroid tissue at any of the locations in its natural course. Many a times there is no migration of thyroid tissue from foramen cecum resulting in lingual thyroid. Ectopic thyroid tissue can be found at any location in its normal migratory pathway, however has also been found in mediastinum, esophagus, adrenal gland and heart.4–7 Most common (90%) form of ectopic thyroid is lingual thyroid.3 In such cases there is no thyroid tissue in the body elsewhere, therefore surgical excision must be avoided as this is the only functioning thyroid tissue left in the body.
{"title":"Ectopic lingual thyroid: an entity not to be missed!","authors":"D. Kaushal, N. Shakrawal, A. Goyal, N. Nair, Aman Verma, D. Prakash","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00109","url":null,"abstract":"Thyroid gland develops from endodermal tissue of foramen cecum at anterior 2/3rd and posterior 1/3rd of tongue between 3rd4th week of gestation, penetrate downward to reach its normal adult location at 2nd4th tracheal rings in the neck during 7th week of gestation.1,2 Ectopic lingual thyroid is a rare congenital entity with prevalence of 1 in 1-3 lakh population.3 It occurs due to arrest of migration of endodermal tissue from foramen caecum to its final pre-laryngeal location in the beginning of its development. Aberrant migration can lead to presence of ectopic thyroid tissue at any of the locations in its natural course. Many a times there is no migration of thyroid tissue from foramen cecum resulting in lingual thyroid. Ectopic thyroid tissue can be found at any location in its normal migratory pathway, however has also been found in mediastinum, esophagus, adrenal gland and heart.4–7 Most common (90%) form of ectopic thyroid is lingual thyroid.3 In such cases there is no thyroid tissue in the body elsewhere, therefore surgical excision must be avoided as this is the only functioning thyroid tissue left in the body.","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84114843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-08DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00107
A. Mora, C. Murillo, G. Soto, Carlos Salazar
Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are a group of clinical entities characterized by progressive and fulminant destruction of rapidly evolving tissues, associated to high mortality rates due to systemic toxicity and multiorgan failure.1 The microbiological classification of NSTIs by subtypes is very useful to review therapeutic and diagnostic schemes. Type 1 is the most prevalent, comprising polymicrobial infections by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The predominant isolates are species of the Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Bacteriodes generas and members of the Enterobacteriacea family. Clostridium commonly participates in this context without causing myonecrosis. Events that compromise peripheral vascularization are the classic risk factor for acquiring the infection, where interestingly, no triggering events where identified in 20-50% of patients.2 The Fournier Gangrene, diabetic foot infection and necrotizing fasciitis are classic infections of this group. It also includes complications of odontogenic infections caused by Fusobaterium, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteriodes, anaerobic Streptococcus and spirochetes.1–2 Type 2 NSTIs are monomicrobial caused by Streptococcus group A, some are accompanied by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Unlike the first group, these infections can occur in patients without predisposing factors.1–2
{"title":"Impact of clinical interventions in the timely diagnosis and therapeutic approach of necrotizing soft tissue infections","authors":"A. Mora, C. Murillo, G. Soto, Carlos Salazar","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00107","url":null,"abstract":"Necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTIs) are a group of clinical entities characterized by progressive and fulminant destruction of rapidly evolving tissues, associated to high mortality rates due to systemic toxicity and multiorgan failure.1 The microbiological classification of NSTIs by subtypes is very useful to review therapeutic and diagnostic schemes. Type 1 is the most prevalent, comprising polymicrobial infections by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. The predominant isolates are species of the Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Bacteriodes generas and members of the Enterobacteriacea family. Clostridium commonly participates in this context without causing myonecrosis. Events that compromise peripheral vascularization are the classic risk factor for acquiring the infection, where interestingly, no triggering events where identified in 20-50% of patients.2 The Fournier Gangrene, diabetic foot infection and necrotizing fasciitis are classic infections of this group. It also includes complications of odontogenic infections caused by Fusobaterium, Peptostreptococcus, Bacteriodes, anaerobic Streptococcus and spirochetes.1–2 Type 2 NSTIs are monomicrobial caused by Streptococcus group A, some are accompanied by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA). Unlike the first group, these infections can occur in patients without predisposing factors.1–2","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77729325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-28DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00106
Indupriya Rajasekaran, Meenal Rajasekaran, K. Velusamy, Rajasekaran Ekambaram
Amino acids form a series of encoded message in dealing with atmospheric nature of biological conditions, otherwise call it as the plasma of human blood. When some foreign bodies enter into this system of biological nature, there is going to be chaos adequately dealing is needed for control of such action called drug therapy. One such an action is heat control of body temperature by paracetamol drug which alters biochemical processes in dealing them in which the application is specific in nature whereas other system cannot be interfered by drug or the other way around of taking away the drug without doing its job of temperature control. Specific in the sense that molecular level of interaction is focused here. Nonetheless the interference coming from drug can be altered in due course of action by any other molecule which regulate body metabolism. Overall performance can be monitored for existence of foreign input in due course of action during alteration, otherwise call it as evolution of human kind in existence for co-editing arranged reaction to occur. In a simple term arranged reactions are to be happening according to the nature of law that are in place from time to time. Fantastic of those reactions are said to be forces of interaction. Notwithstanding all those happening in human nature specific needed to be addressed. Here is force come into existence which is in due course of carbon rule based fraction of 0.3144 value.1 Co-existence can be adequately controlled and monitored for disease control. Here is again cohesive force arising out of carbon rule of law dealing this phenomenon of nature of carbon value.2,3 Very well understood that carbon can be the key role of player of all living organisms and core needs to be addressed from rule of law coming from carbon alone which is taken up here for further validation from bond of all atoms. Accordance with rule of law that carbon can be arranged according to principle of maintenance of carbon value which is close to 0.3144 everywhere in the system of dealing. Adequacy is the principle of carbon based law that addresses all macromolecule to interact and deliver things.4 Nonetheless adequacy leads to stability5–7 and address all phenomena of binding followed by biochemical processes.8 Adequacy can be monitored via carbon value based on domain formation and some time atom’s bond lengths. Arrangements are that according to nature of law that adequacy is maintained all across system under control. When the probe enters which alters the due course of action according to the rule of law again. Arrangements are that any other probe may not be able to interact with internal matter of protein system. Overall functioning is fine with adequacy principle. Whereas one such function deviate means the entire system of action falters accordingly. Even though adequacy principle govern them all arrangements are not provided for similar one to perform opposite reaction9,10 which are taken up here as case study. S
{"title":"Drug protein interaction validates the internal cod formed due to cohesive force: test of bond length variation in amino acids involved","authors":"Indupriya Rajasekaran, Meenal Rajasekaran, K. Velusamy, Rajasekaran Ekambaram","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00106","url":null,"abstract":"Amino acids form a series of encoded message in dealing with atmospheric nature of biological conditions, otherwise call it as the plasma of human blood. When some foreign bodies enter into this system of biological nature, there is going to be chaos adequately dealing is needed for control of such action called drug therapy. One such an action is heat control of body temperature by paracetamol drug which alters biochemical processes in dealing them in which the application is specific in nature whereas other system cannot be interfered by drug or the other way around of taking away the drug without doing its job of temperature control. Specific in the sense that molecular level of interaction is focused here. Nonetheless the interference coming from drug can be altered in due course of action by any other molecule which regulate body metabolism. Overall performance can be monitored for existence of foreign input in due course of action during alteration, otherwise call it as evolution of human kind in existence for co-editing arranged reaction to occur. In a simple term arranged reactions are to be happening according to the nature of law that are in place from time to time. Fantastic of those reactions are said to be forces of interaction. Notwithstanding all those happening in human nature specific needed to be addressed. Here is force come into existence which is in due course of carbon rule based fraction of 0.3144 value.1 Co-existence can be adequately controlled and monitored for disease control. Here is again cohesive force arising out of carbon rule of law dealing this phenomenon of nature of carbon value.2,3 Very well understood that carbon can be the key role of player of all living organisms and core needs to be addressed from rule of law coming from carbon alone which is taken up here for further validation from bond of all atoms. Accordance with rule of law that carbon can be arranged according to principle of maintenance of carbon value which is close to 0.3144 everywhere in the system of dealing. Adequacy is the principle of carbon based law that addresses all macromolecule to interact and deliver things.4 Nonetheless adequacy leads to stability5–7 and address all phenomena of binding followed by biochemical processes.8 Adequacy can be monitored via carbon value based on domain formation and some time atom’s bond lengths. Arrangements are that according to nature of law that adequacy is maintained all across system under control. When the probe enters which alters the due course of action according to the rule of law again. Arrangements are that any other probe may not be able to interact with internal matter of protein system. Overall functioning is fine with adequacy principle. Whereas one such function deviate means the entire system of action falters accordingly. Even though adequacy principle govern them all arrangements are not provided for similar one to perform opposite reaction9,10 which are taken up here as case study. S","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87496079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-27DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00105
S. Diandé, Ernest Osamudiamen Ogbomon, A. Gueye, A. Diallo, L. Sawadogo, B. Nébié, F. Ouédraogo, Mourfou Adama, I. Sawadogo, L. Sangaré
The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of MTBC has become one of the most critical issues for tuberculosis (TB) control programmes worldwide. It is a public health concern threatening global TB control programs. Its diagnosis has evolved in recent years following the development of new molecular techniques based on detection of mutations in MTBC genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).1–3
{"title":"Occurrence of mutations associated with rifampicin and isoniazid resistant in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from patients in Burkina Faso","authors":"S. Diandé, Ernest Osamudiamen Ogbomon, A. Gueye, A. Diallo, L. Sawadogo, B. Nébié, F. Ouédraogo, Mourfou Adama, I. Sawadogo, L. Sangaré","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00105","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) strains of MTBC has become one of the most critical issues for tuberculosis (TB) control programmes worldwide. It is a public health concern threatening global TB control programs. Its diagnosis has evolved in recent years following the development of new molecular techniques based on detection of mutations in MTBC genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR).1–3","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82807594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-20DOI: 10.15406/IJMBOA.2019.04.00103
Naresh Kumar, A. Chauhan, D. Sharma, S. Shukla
A grave offence against the morality is what is known as crime. With the increasing population of our country and decreasing employments have led to the birth of criminals who have such minds which have lost the power of differentiating what is wrong and what is right? These diverted minds lead to the criminal activities like murder, robbery and kidnapping. Usually a lot is seen in common in crimes, the pattern, motive, execution of the crime more or less remains the same. In this paper two such case studies are taken into consideration which showed a similar pattern and motive of crime. In these cases, kidnapping of two individuals were done by them know for ransom money. But intended kidnapping changed to murder. These bodies of murdered individuals were recovered by the native policemen in the decomposed form and the required investigation was carried out. The samples recovered from the bodies were sent to the DNA department of Forensic Science Laboratory, Rohini, Delhi for the DNA analysis. In such cases where the body cannot identify visually the DNA becomes the proof of identity. Different analytical techniques were carried out by the experts in order to confirm the identity of the two decomposed bodies.
{"title":"DNA profiling from drown dead bodies","authors":"Naresh Kumar, A. Chauhan, D. Sharma, S. Shukla","doi":"10.15406/IJMBOA.2019.04.00103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJMBOA.2019.04.00103","url":null,"abstract":"A grave offence against the morality is what is known as crime. With the increasing population of our country and decreasing employments have led to the birth of criminals who have such minds which have lost the power of differentiating what is wrong and what is right? These diverted minds lead to the criminal activities like murder, robbery and kidnapping. Usually a lot is seen in common in crimes, the pattern, motive, execution of the crime more or less remains the same. In this paper two such case studies are taken into consideration which showed a similar pattern and motive of crime. In these cases, kidnapping of two individuals were done by them know for ransom money. But intended kidnapping changed to murder. These bodies of murdered individuals were recovered by the native policemen in the decomposed form and the required investigation was carried out. The samples recovered from the bodies were sent to the DNA department of Forensic Science Laboratory, Rohini, Delhi for the DNA analysis. In such cases where the body cannot identify visually the DNA becomes the proof of identity. Different analytical techniques were carried out by the experts in order to confirm the identity of the two decomposed bodies.","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77915250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-06DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00102
Indupriya Rajasekaran, Rajasekaran Ekambaram
Several destructive diseases posing danger to the human life form (example, Ebola virus disease-EVD). Sickle cell anemia, one such disease arises from hereditary disorder. This can cause pain called sickle crises and symptoms like delayed growth and jaundice. Sickle cell disease prevents oxygen from reaching various organs of the body and causing a lot of cell death. Due to this reason, the patients get frequent infections and ultimately leading to death. The reduction in hemoglobin due to short life of the sickle cell causes anemia. The hemoglobin molecule has three components, heme group, an alpha domain and a beta domain. Patients with sickle cell disease have a mutation in the beta domain. As a result of mutation, the RBC takes a concave shape. Eaton and coworkers conclude that sickle RBC adhere to vascular endothelial cells in vitro, perhaps caused by a calciuminduced aberration of membrane topography. This adherence may be a pathogenetic factor in the microvascular occlusions characteristic of sickle cell disease.1 Verification of these adhesion possibly be the carbon role and its structural phenomena that ought to be the central point of focusing. Recently I have reported that globular proteins prefer to have 31.45% of carbon for its stability and can be used as standard for carbon distribution analysis.2–4 Allotment of carbon is responsible for disorders in proteins.5 Hydrophobic interaction is the dominant force crucial for folding.4 The content and distribution of this carbon make a protein to fold in some fashion to have a specific function. Disease proteins are expectedly differing from this carbon distribution profile.6,7 The disorders are mainly due to carbon role in different phenomena may be of evolutionary reason. Toxicity also depends on this factor of carbon role.8 CARd3D program4 exploits the availability of protein 3D structures and reveals the facts of carbon role in macromolecular folding and binding. It can play a crucial role in understanding diseases at molecular level and giving solutions in solving them. Though it is designed for globular proteins, it can be extended further for macromolecular interactions and others as well.9,10
{"title":"Who power sickle cell disease: carbon domain analysis tells all because of design in protein 3d arbitrary internal carbon domain (cod) arrangement","authors":"Indupriya Rajasekaran, Rajasekaran Ekambaram","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00102","url":null,"abstract":"Several destructive diseases posing danger to the human life form (example, Ebola virus disease-EVD). Sickle cell anemia, one such disease arises from hereditary disorder. This can cause pain called sickle crises and symptoms like delayed growth and jaundice. Sickle cell disease prevents oxygen from reaching various organs of the body and causing a lot of cell death. Due to this reason, the patients get frequent infections and ultimately leading to death. The reduction in hemoglobin due to short life of the sickle cell causes anemia. The hemoglobin molecule has three components, heme group, an alpha domain and a beta domain. Patients with sickle cell disease have a mutation in the beta domain. As a result of mutation, the RBC takes a concave shape. Eaton and coworkers conclude that sickle RBC adhere to vascular endothelial cells in vitro, perhaps caused by a calciuminduced aberration of membrane topography. This adherence may be a pathogenetic factor in the microvascular occlusions characteristic of sickle cell disease.1 Verification of these adhesion possibly be the carbon role and its structural phenomena that ought to be the central point of focusing. Recently I have reported that globular proteins prefer to have 31.45% of carbon for its stability and can be used as standard for carbon distribution analysis.2–4 Allotment of carbon is responsible for disorders in proteins.5 Hydrophobic interaction is the dominant force crucial for folding.4 The content and distribution of this carbon make a protein to fold in some fashion to have a specific function. Disease proteins are expectedly differing from this carbon distribution profile.6,7 The disorders are mainly due to carbon role in different phenomena may be of evolutionary reason. Toxicity also depends on this factor of carbon role.8 CARd3D program4 exploits the availability of protein 3D structures and reveals the facts of carbon role in macromolecular folding and binding. It can play a crucial role in understanding diseases at molecular level and giving solutions in solving them. Though it is designed for globular proteins, it can be extended further for macromolecular interactions and others as well.9,10","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"76 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86013848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-06DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00101
Adrián Fallas-Mora, Ivannia Cordero-Montero, María Fernanda Sánchez-Barahona, Lizbeth Alfaro-Arroyo, Gabriela Cruz-Chavarría, Lorely Blanco-Chaves, A. Rodriguez-Díaz
Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. It is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium sp., which enter humans through the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles . Automated hematology analyzers based on flow cytometry have been widely used to aid in the diagnosis of malaria, based on the existence of alterations in the scatter plots that suggest the presence of parasites of the genus Plasmodium . The case of a 55-year-old male patient is presented, worker from a Costa Rican rural zone, correlating the alterations in channel DIFF and WBC/BASO of the Sysmex XT-1800i® hematological analyzer with what was found in the thick drop. The objective of this case report is to demonstrate the utility of hematological analyzers in the detection of relapses, reinfections and follow-up in patients diagnosed with malaria.
{"title":"Diagnosis and follow-up of a Plasmodium vivax malaria case through the Sysmex XT-1800i® hematology analyzer","authors":"Adrián Fallas-Mora, Ivannia Cordero-Montero, María Fernanda Sánchez-Barahona, Lizbeth Alfaro-Arroyo, Gabriela Cruz-Chavarría, Lorely Blanco-Chaves, A. Rodriguez-Díaz","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00101","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is one of the most important parasitic diseases in the world. It is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium sp., which enter humans through the bite of mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles . Automated hematology analyzers based on flow cytometry have been widely used to aid in the diagnosis of malaria, based on the existence of alterations in the scatter plots that suggest the presence of parasites of the genus Plasmodium . The case of a 55-year-old male patient is presented, worker from a Costa Rican rural zone, correlating the alterations in channel DIFF and WBC/BASO of the Sysmex XT-1800i® hematological analyzer with what was found in the thick drop. The objective of this case report is to demonstrate the utility of hematological analyzers in the detection of relapses, reinfections and follow-up in patients diagnosed with malaria.","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81327410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-22DOI: 10.15406/IJMBOA.2019.04.00100
Naresh Kumar, A. Chauhan, Ritika Gupta, S. Shukla
Now a day, people from various parts of country are moving towards the metropolitan cities for their livelihood, better facilities. The people who migrate in Delhi for their livelihood range more than 15 million. That’s why, the crime rates are increasing day by day along with the high rate of population. Due to the socio-economic reasons, education level of people, crime including sexual assault, eve-teasing etc. are increasing very rapidly. The law enforcement agencies are taking strict actions against the perpetrator to prevent from these crimes. To follow the international standards for justified examination of evidences, various types of evidences play a vital role to solve a crime. A systematic procedure of collection the evidences, as per the law of scientific evidences are followed to punish the actual culprit of any crime. In a few instances, accused are acquitted by the courts in light of inappropriate examination of samples or not following the guideline of international standard. The cases of sexual assault and missing identity, the samples are sent to the forensic science laboratories to determine the gender and identify the individual based on DNA profiles. In such cases, where the gender of sample is not known to the experts and a very high amount of female biological material is present; examination of samples becomes a necessity. In case the examination is conducted by untrained and inexperienced scientific staff, it makes it vulnerable to surrender before the court or defence counsel. It is necessary to examine the samples in proper way and report the cases with proper justification. It has been observed so many times in sexual assault cases/rape that a mixed profile of male and female samples recovered from vaginal swab or undergarments. But due to the small quantity of male fraction and missing of Y allele on marker amelogenin, the results were misinterpreted as negative case.1 It has been proved so many times that Y chromosomes provide the gender discrimination. Deterioration of Y chromosome has started since long back and its size was similar to as X chromosomes. The human amelogenin has two homologous alleles one on X and other on Y chromosome. The size of Amelogenin X and amelogenin Y differ in size, X gene size is 2872 base pairs and Y is 3272 base pairs. Location of amelogenin on X is Xp 22.1-22.3 and Y is Yp11.2.2
{"title":"Role of 3-Y markers in Y deleted allele on amelogenin in autosomal STR","authors":"Naresh Kumar, A. Chauhan, Ritika Gupta, S. Shukla","doi":"10.15406/IJMBOA.2019.04.00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJMBOA.2019.04.00100","url":null,"abstract":"Now a day, people from various parts of country are moving towards the metropolitan cities for their livelihood, better facilities. The people who migrate in Delhi for their livelihood range more than 15 million. That’s why, the crime rates are increasing day by day along with the high rate of population. Due to the socio-economic reasons, education level of people, crime including sexual assault, eve-teasing etc. are increasing very rapidly. The law enforcement agencies are taking strict actions against the perpetrator to prevent from these crimes. To follow the international standards for justified examination of evidences, various types of evidences play a vital role to solve a crime. A systematic procedure of collection the evidences, as per the law of scientific evidences are followed to punish the actual culprit of any crime. In a few instances, accused are acquitted by the courts in light of inappropriate examination of samples or not following the guideline of international standard. The cases of sexual assault and missing identity, the samples are sent to the forensic science laboratories to determine the gender and identify the individual based on DNA profiles. In such cases, where the gender of sample is not known to the experts and a very high amount of female biological material is present; examination of samples becomes a necessity. In case the examination is conducted by untrained and inexperienced scientific staff, it makes it vulnerable to surrender before the court or defence counsel. It is necessary to examine the samples in proper way and report the cases with proper justification. It has been observed so many times in sexual assault cases/rape that a mixed profile of male and female samples recovered from vaginal swab or undergarments. But due to the small quantity of male fraction and missing of Y allele on marker amelogenin, the results were misinterpreted as negative case.1 It has been proved so many times that Y chromosomes provide the gender discrimination. Deterioration of Y chromosome has started since long back and its size was similar to as X chromosomes. The human amelogenin has two homologous alleles one on X and other on Y chromosome. The size of Amelogenin X and amelogenin Y differ in size, X gene size is 2872 base pairs and Y is 3272 base pairs. Location of amelogenin on X is Xp 22.1-22.3 and Y is Yp11.2.2","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"92 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72430201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-28DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00094
E. Kamangu
Since the advent of the Polymerization Chain Reaction (PCR) technique, Molecular Biology has considerably improved routine diagnostic methods in medicine in general. Its medical applications (molecular and antenatal diagnosis of infectious, hereditary diseases, genotyping, etc.) are often carried out through the study of Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid (DNA), which is the fundamental genetic material that governs the principles of Molecular Biology. Nevertheless, the study of Ribose Nucleic Acid (RNA) is also necessary in certain cases such as quantification of viral RNA (Viral Load).
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Pub Date : 2019-02-05DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00093
N. Khan
Curcumin is an active yellow color curcuminoid compound which is a naturally occurring plant pigment that is mostly found in turmeric and is native to Southeast Asia and India.1 It has an earthy odor and somewhat bitter taste and is mostly used in culinary.2 It is reported that pure turmeric residues contains about 3 percent of curcumin by weight.3 However curcumin is also available in the form of turmeric extract supplements which contains higher concentration of curcumin.4 It exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.5 In addition to that it is an excellent healing agent.6
{"title":"Curcumin a known anti inflammatory and antioxidant agent","authors":"N. Khan","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00093","url":null,"abstract":"Curcumin is an active yellow color curcuminoid compound which is a naturally occurring plant pigment that is mostly found in turmeric and is native to Southeast Asia and India.1 It has an earthy odor and somewhat bitter taste and is mostly used in culinary.2 It is reported that pure turmeric residues contains about 3 percent of curcumin by weight.3 However curcumin is also available in the form of turmeric extract supplements which contains higher concentration of curcumin.4 It exhibits strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.5 In addition to that it is an excellent healing agent.6","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91225669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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