Pub Date : 2018-06-22DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00068
Caroline Okumdi Muoghalu
Sickle cell is a genetic disease of the hemoglobin chain of the red blood cells.1 This genetic disorder is usually inherited from one’s parents.2 As noted by World Health Organization,3 sickle cell anaemia is a common genetic condition due to a haemoglobin disorderinheritance of mutant haemoglobin genes from both parents. Such haemoglobinopathies – thalassaemias and sickle cell anaemia are globally widespread and the public health implications are significant.3 Sickle cell disease can be in several forms which include sickle cell anaemia (when inherited in homozygous state), sickle cell beta plus thalassemia, sickle beta zero thalassemia and others.4 Sickle cell Anaemia is a disease in which the body produces abnormally/sickle shaped blood cells which do not last as long as normal round red blood cells thereby resulting in dizziness, pains and organ damage.5 Sickle cell disease is a common genetic blood disorder that afflict mainly Africans, Brazilians, the Caribbean and Asians.6 In Africa,1 described it as a silent killer and one of the supreme public health issues of this era. Nigeria bears a heavy burden of the disease with 20 to 30 percent prevalence.7,4 In fact, Alhasan (2014) noted that forty million people were carrying the gene for sickle cell disease in Nigeria. The World Health Organization7 also noted that the disease affects 2 percent of Nigerians making it a great public health problem in the country. Owing to the fact that sickle cell is a blood disorder, it is likely to have devastating effects during pregnancy and childbirth. In the same vein,8 noted that pregnancy in sickle cell disease patients is linked with increased risk to both mother and fetus. The incessant maternal deaths among pregnant women living with sickle cell disease had been reported by many scholars,9 Ocheni,10 Ogedengbe & Akinyanju,11,8 These deaths happen frequently in different parts of the countries as attested to by these studies. As such, this mini review becomes significant as it would bring to limelight this enormous public health problem and which may engender effective intervention programme towards reducing maternal mortality among pregnant women living with sickle cell disease.
{"title":"Sickle cell disease and maternal mortality in Nigeria","authors":"Caroline Okumdi Muoghalu","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00068","url":null,"abstract":"Sickle cell is a genetic disease of the hemoglobin chain of the red blood cells.1 This genetic disorder is usually inherited from one’s parents.2 As noted by World Health Organization,3 sickle cell anaemia is a common genetic condition due to a haemoglobin disorderinheritance of mutant haemoglobin genes from both parents. Such haemoglobinopathies – thalassaemias and sickle cell anaemia are globally widespread and the public health implications are significant.3 Sickle cell disease can be in several forms which include sickle cell anaemia (when inherited in homozygous state), sickle cell beta plus thalassemia, sickle beta zero thalassemia and others.4 Sickle cell Anaemia is a disease in which the body produces abnormally/sickle shaped blood cells which do not last as long as normal round red blood cells thereby resulting in dizziness, pains and organ damage.5 Sickle cell disease is a common genetic blood disorder that afflict mainly Africans, Brazilians, the Caribbean and Asians.6 In Africa,1 described it as a silent killer and one of the supreme public health issues of this era. Nigeria bears a heavy burden of the disease with 20 to 30 percent prevalence.7,4 In fact, Alhasan (2014) noted that forty million people were carrying the gene for sickle cell disease in Nigeria. The World Health Organization7 also noted that the disease affects 2 percent of Nigerians making it a great public health problem in the country. Owing to the fact that sickle cell is a blood disorder, it is likely to have devastating effects during pregnancy and childbirth. In the same vein,8 noted that pregnancy in sickle cell disease patients is linked with increased risk to both mother and fetus. The incessant maternal deaths among pregnant women living with sickle cell disease had been reported by many scholars,9 Ocheni,10 Ogedengbe & Akinyanju,11,8 These deaths happen frequently in different parts of the countries as attested to by these studies. As such, this mini review becomes significant as it would bring to limelight this enormous public health problem and which may engender effective intervention programme towards reducing maternal mortality among pregnant women living with sickle cell disease.","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90382850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays the interest paid to synthesis of nanoparticles of metals, in particular of silver, constantly grows. This attention is stipulated mainly by the fact that today antibacterial silver-containing coating is the most commercialized product abroad.1–3 Among many approaches of nanoparticles’ production, there may be highlighted chemical and biological methods. Chemical methods are wider spread but, biological methods are more perspective since they are more environment friendly and do not demand on use of toxic reagents. Moreover, biological processes are conducted at aerobic conditions, whereas chemical methods quite often demand on anaerobic conditions, which considerably increase cost of nanoparticles’ production. Microbiological formation of nanoparticles is one of essay, cheap and environment safe methods, allowing to obtain stable non-aggregating nanoparticles. Nevertheless, it has its own disadvantages: slow velocity and low mono dispersion of particles.4–6
{"title":"Bacteria–potential producers of nanoparticles","authors":"Zaynitdinova Li, Tashpulatov Jj, Kukanova Si, Lobanova","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00069","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays the interest paid to synthesis of nanoparticles of metals, in particular of silver, constantly grows. This attention is stipulated mainly by the fact that today antibacterial silver-containing coating is the most commercialized product abroad.1–3 Among many approaches of nanoparticles’ production, there may be highlighted chemical and biological methods. Chemical methods are wider spread but, biological methods are more perspective since they are more environment friendly and do not demand on use of toxic reagents. Moreover, biological processes are conducted at aerobic conditions, whereas chemical methods quite often demand on anaerobic conditions, which considerably increase cost of nanoparticles’ production. Microbiological formation of nanoparticles is one of essay, cheap and environment safe methods, allowing to obtain stable non-aggregating nanoparticles. Nevertheless, it has its own disadvantages: slow velocity and low mono dispersion of particles.4–6","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75810670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-13DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00067
I. Almahasneh, Berjas Abumsimir, M. Ennaji
In humans, the Y chromosome spans 58 million base pairs and represents approximately 0.38% of the total DNA in a human cell. The human Y chromosome contains 86 genes,1 many of the genes on Y-chromosome are involved in male sexual determination and development.2 The bulk of the Y chromosome which does not recombine is called the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY), which is composed of the DNA segments known as Short Tandem Repeats (STRs). The STRs polymorphism are categorized by length of the repeated units such as Di nucleotide (CA), Trinucleotide (TAT), Tetra nucleotide (TTTA), Pentanucleotide (TAAAA), Hexa nucleotide (AGAGAT),3,4 (Figure 1). As Y-chromosome is paternally inherited as haploid Y-DNA segment and passed down from father to son unchanged from generation to another except by the gradual accumulation of mutations, the STRs of the Y chromosome have proved to be a very powerful tool in tracing movements of males in human population history.5 The applications of Y-STRs are becoming increasingly important because of their male specificity and the informativeness of the haplotypes they define and also provide useful discriminating power in individual identification and the geographical differentiation of Y haplotypes of the male genetic map.6
{"title":"DNA sequencing and genotyping profile of the microsatellites of Y-STRs of the Beer-Alsabaa bedouins of Jordan as part of the Arabian genome project since 1995","authors":"I. Almahasneh, Berjas Abumsimir, M. Ennaji","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00067","url":null,"abstract":"In humans, the Y chromosome spans 58 million base pairs and represents approximately 0.38% of the total DNA in a human cell. The human Y chromosome contains 86 genes,1 many of the genes on Y-chromosome are involved in male sexual determination and development.2 The bulk of the Y chromosome which does not recombine is called the non-recombining region of the Y chromosome (NRY), which is composed of the DNA segments known as Short Tandem Repeats (STRs). The STRs polymorphism are categorized by length of the repeated units such as Di nucleotide (CA), Trinucleotide (TAT), Tetra nucleotide (TTTA), Pentanucleotide (TAAAA), Hexa nucleotide (AGAGAT),3,4 (Figure 1). As Y-chromosome is paternally inherited as haploid Y-DNA segment and passed down from father to son unchanged from generation to another except by the gradual accumulation of mutations, the STRs of the Y chromosome have proved to be a very powerful tool in tracing movements of males in human population history.5 The applications of Y-STRs are becoming increasingly important because of their male specificity and the informativeness of the haplotypes they define and also provide useful discriminating power in individual identification and the geographical differentiation of Y haplotypes of the male genetic map.6","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90513713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-07DOI: 10.15406/IJMBOA.2018.03.00066
Dias Pgi, R. Rathnayaka
Food borne diseases (FBDs) are of foremost public health concern in the world. Those are accountable for millions of deaths worldwide and placing a tremendous burden on the socioeconomic status of developing countries. Currently, reliable statistical estimates for the global influence of FBDs are not available. However, diarrhoeal diseases alone, which form a generous percentage of FBDs, kill 1.9 million children globally every year.1 The majority of FBDs are generated by the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, viruses or parasites. Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and norovirus are some common examples of such microorganisms.2 Mass scale food processors are generally implementing food quality management systems (e.g. ISO 9001) and food safety management systems (e.g. ISO 22000) throughout their entire food chain which restricting the access of food borne pathogens (FBPs) into particular food products. However, increasing demand for street foods and minimally processed foods yet has the risk. Therefore, detection, identification, characterization, and quantification of FBPs in foodstuffs with greater accuracy, sensitivity and rapidity are an utmost important proactive approach to eliminate FBDs.
{"title":"Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in food pathogen detection","authors":"Dias Pgi, R. Rathnayaka","doi":"10.15406/IJMBOA.2018.03.00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/IJMBOA.2018.03.00066","url":null,"abstract":"Food borne diseases (FBDs) are of foremost public health concern in the world. Those are accountable for millions of deaths worldwide and placing a tremendous burden on the socioeconomic status of developing countries. Currently, reliable statistical estimates for the global influence of FBDs are not available. However, diarrhoeal diseases alone, which form a generous percentage of FBDs, kill 1.9 million children globally every year.1 The majority of FBDs are generated by the consumption of foods contaminated with pathogenic bacteria, viruses or parasites. Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, Bacillus cereus, Vibrio spp., Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and norovirus are some common examples of such microorganisms.2 Mass scale food processors are generally implementing food quality management systems (e.g. ISO 9001) and food safety management systems (e.g. ISO 22000) throughout their entire food chain which restricting the access of food borne pathogens (FBPs) into particular food products. However, increasing demand for street foods and minimally processed foods yet has the risk. Therefore, detection, identification, characterization, and quantification of FBPs in foodstuffs with greater accuracy, sensitivity and rapidity are an utmost important proactive approach to eliminate FBDs.","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73986876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-05-30DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00065
Helen A Grebneva
{"title":"A polymerase-tautomeric model for radiation-induced genomic instability: targeted delayed base substitution mutations during error-prone and SOS replication of double-stranded DNA, containing cis-syn cyclobutane cytosine dimers","authors":"Helen A Grebneva","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2018.03.00065","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73840833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional 1-methyl-2-oxobarbiturates and 1-methyl-2-thiobarbituates which are employed as anesthetics tend to accumulate in the body due to their slow rate of metabolism. As a result, the use of these compounds is restricted to either as an induction agent for anesthesia, subsequently maintained by volatile anesthetics or to a short surgical procedures only. In order to overcome the limitations of application of barbiturates as general anesthetics, avoiding the use of volatile agents, an attempt was made to the structural modifications of barbiturates molecules as intravenous anesthetics. In view of this contexts, it was conceived that, by incorporating metabolically labile ester functions in one or both of the side chain of barbiturates ring system, it could be achieved. Since this procedure could diminish the likelihood of barbiturates to be accumulated in the body, it might be possible to get safer barbiturate intravenous anesthetics. This classification arose from the observation that whilst the biological properties of some drugs are extremely sensitive to minor changes in stereo-chemical feature, electron distribution and substituent, there are many other drugs which exhibit similar patterns of biological behavior, despite a wide diversity in their chemical configurations. This has been appeared to be the case with the barbiturate esters as discussed in this communication.
{"title":"The synthesis of new barbiturate esters derivatives as intravenous anesthetics: a new dimension of anesthesia route part-IV","authors":"Md. Ehsanul Huq","doi":"10.7439/ijpc.v8i3.4761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7439/ijpc.v8i3.4761","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional 1-methyl-2-oxobarbiturates and 1-methyl-2-thiobarbituates which are employed as anesthetics tend to accumulate in the body due to their slow rate of metabolism. As a result, the use of these compounds is restricted to either as an induction agent for anesthesia, subsequently maintained by volatile anesthetics or to a short surgical procedures only. In order to overcome the limitations of application of barbiturates as general anesthetics, avoiding the use of volatile agents, an attempt was made to the structural modifications of barbiturates molecules as intravenous anesthetics. In view of this contexts, it was conceived that, by incorporating metabolically labile ester functions in one or both of the side chain of barbiturates ring system, it could be achieved. Since this procedure could diminish the likelihood of barbiturates to be accumulated in the body, it might be possible to get safer barbiturate intravenous anesthetics. This classification arose from the observation that whilst the biological properties of some drugs are extremely sensitive to minor changes in stereo-chemical feature, electron distribution and substituent, there are many other drugs which exhibit similar patterns of biological behavior, despite a wide diversity in their chemical configurations. This has been appeared to be the case with the barbiturate esters as discussed in this communication.","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"136 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83219334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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