Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-12DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2024.07.00163
Paul Toran, Lisa Arvidson, Alexandra Vachon, Don M Wojchowski
{"title":"\"IgG's: contending with aggregating circumstances\".","authors":"Paul Toran, Lisa Arvidson, Alexandra Vachon, Don M Wojchowski","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2024.07.00163","DOIUrl":"10.15406/ijmboa.2024.07.00163","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"7 1","pages":"32-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11575943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-14DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2020.05.00129
Dipika Utekar, S. Nikam, K. Shah, A. Bhoosreddy, Tushar S Nikam, J. Mahale
The capital of Hubei province in China, Wuhan city, suddenly turned out to be the main hub of an outburst of pneumonia of unknown cause in December, 2019. Soon later in January 2020, the Chinese scientists found out a novel category of virus named corona virus, also called as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously known as 2019-nCoV), from these pneumonia patients.1 A new name for this epidemic disease caused by 2019-nCoV was announced by World Health Organization(WHO) on 11th February 2020, as corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19).2Among the chief micro-organisms or pathogens that majorly aim the human respiratory system are the corona virus group of viruses. There also have been previous outbreaks of corona viruses (CoVs) in past years. These include the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV. These outbreaks too have been earlier considered as a reason that caused immense threat to the well-being of society and public life.3 It was believed that the source and initiation of this virus is probably from a zoonotic transmission related with a huge seafood market. There was tradeoff of live animals in these markets too. Soon later it was evident that person-to-person transmission was possible with this virus too. The clinical symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection shows wide variation of manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection (commonly called as the silent carriers), mild upper respiratory tract illness, severe pneumonia, respiratory collapse and even death.1 As per a study conducted by Chen, hospital-associated transmission of this infection was identified to be around 41%.2 Considering rapid increase in incidence rate of SARSCoV-2 infection, transmission by silent carriers & also transmission from human to human, lead it into next pandemic disease. They also studied the microbiological nature of the virus and suggested that it is similar to the corona virus variety circulating in horseshoe bats. Further analysis based on ORF1a/1b, S and N genes proposes that SARS-CoV-2 is possibly a novel corona virus that was autonomously acquainted from animals to humans. Certain investigatory findings suggest that, this infection may have been instigated from bats or bat droppings accompanying with polluted resources in the Wuhan seafood market region.2
{"title":"Trending outbreak of corona virus sars-cov-2: a review","authors":"Dipika Utekar, S. Nikam, K. Shah, A. Bhoosreddy, Tushar S Nikam, J. Mahale","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2020.05.00129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2020.05.00129","url":null,"abstract":"The capital of Hubei province in China, Wuhan city, suddenly turned out to be the main hub of an outburst of pneumonia of unknown cause in December, 2019. Soon later in January 2020, the Chinese scientists found out a novel category of virus named corona virus, also called as severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; previously known as 2019-nCoV), from these pneumonia patients.1 A new name for this epidemic disease caused by 2019-nCoV was announced by World Health Organization(WHO) on 11th February 2020, as corona virus disease-19 (COVID-19).2Among the chief micro-organisms or pathogens that majorly aim the human respiratory system are the corona virus group of viruses. There also have been previous outbreaks of corona viruses (CoVs) in past years. These include the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-CoV and the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV. These outbreaks too have been earlier considered as a reason that caused immense threat to the well-being of society and public life.3 It was believed that the source and initiation of this virus is probably from a zoonotic transmission related with a huge seafood market. There was tradeoff of live animals in these markets too. Soon later it was evident that person-to-person transmission was possible with this virus too. The clinical symptoms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection shows wide variation of manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic infection (commonly called as the silent carriers), mild upper respiratory tract illness, severe pneumonia, respiratory collapse and even death.1 As per a study conducted by Chen, hospital-associated transmission of this infection was identified to be around 41%.2 Considering rapid increase in incidence rate of SARSCoV-2 infection, transmission by silent carriers & also transmission from human to human, lead it into next pandemic disease. They also studied the microbiological nature of the virus and suggested that it is similar to the corona virus variety circulating in horseshoe bats. Further analysis based on ORF1a/1b, S and N genes proposes that SARS-CoV-2 is possibly a novel corona virus that was autonomously acquainted from animals to humans. Certain investigatory findings suggest that, this infection may have been instigated from bats or bat droppings accompanying with polluted resources in the Wuhan seafood market region.2","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79551790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jorge R Güette Fernández, Xiomara Narváez Pita, Enrique Meléndez, Elsie I Parés Matos
Metallocene dichlorides (Cp2M(IV)Cl2) are the first class of small and hydrophobic organometallic compounds classified as anticancer agents against numerous cancer cell lines and tumors. In this study, the antiproliferative activities of Cp2VCl2,Cp2NbCl2, Cp2HfCl2 and Cp2ZrCl2were assessed on two human cancer cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7) using MTT assay. Spectroscopic studies were also conducted using these and other known metallocene dichlorides on apo-human transferrin (apo-hTf) at pH 7.4. UV-Vis and CD showed that their interaction with apo-hTf could induce conformational changes of its secondary structure during binding process. In fluorescence, a decrease in intensity of the emission peak was observed when the apo-hTf:Cp2M(IV)Cl2 complex is being formed, probably due to changes in the microenvironment of its tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Among all metallocene dichlorides studied, Cp2VCl2 has the strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of apo-hTf through a static quenching mechanism. The association constants for each protein-compound complex were also determined at different temperatures (296 K, 303 K, 310 K, and 317 K) based on fluorescence quenching results. Positive enthalpy changes (ΔH) and entropy changes (ΔS) as well as negative free energies (ΔG) suggest that hydrophobic interactions are the main intermolecular forces involved in the binding process, probably via an endothermic and spontaneous reaction mechanism. The distance, r, between donor (apo-hTf) and acceptor (Cp2M(IV)Cl2) obtained according to Forster's theory of non-radiation energy transfer suggest that the energy transfer from apo-hTf to Cp2M(IV)Cl2 occurs with high probability and distances obtained by FRET with high accuracy.
{"title":"Interaction of metallocene dichlorides with apo-human transferrin: A spectroscopic study and cytotoxic activity against human cancer cell lines.","authors":"Jorge R Güette Fernández, Xiomara Narváez Pita, Enrique Meléndez, Elsie I Parés Matos","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metallocene dichlorides (Cp<sub>2</sub>M(IV)Cl<sub>2</sub>) are the first class of small and hydrophobic organometallic compounds classified as anticancer agents against numerous cancer cell lines and tumors. In this study, the antiproliferative activities of Cp<sub>2</sub>VCl<sub>2</sub>,Cp<sub>2</sub>NbCl<sub>2</sub>, Cp<sub>2</sub>HfCl<sub>2</sub> and Cp<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub>were assessed on two human cancer cell lines (HT-29 and MCF-7) using MTT assay. Spectroscopic studies were also conducted using these and other known metallocene dichlorides on apo-human transferrin (apo-hTf) at pH 7.4. UV-Vis and CD showed that their interaction with apo-hTf could induce conformational changes of its secondary structure during binding process. In fluorescence, a decrease in intensity of the emission peak was observed when the apo-hTf:Cp<sub>2</sub>M(IV)Cl<sub>2</sub> complex is being formed, probably due to changes in the microenvironment of its tyrosine and tryptophan residues. Among all metallocene dichlorides studied, Cp<sub>2</sub>VCl<sub>2</sub> has the strong ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of apo-hTf through a static quenching mechanism. The association constants for each protein-compound complex were also determined at different temperatures (296 K, 303 K, 310 K, and 317 K) based on fluorescence quenching results. Positive enthalpy changes (<i>ΔH</i>) and entropy changes (<i>ΔS</i>) as well as negative free energies (<i>ΔG</i>) suggest that hydrophobic interactions are the main intermolecular forces involved in the binding process, probably via an endothermic and spontaneous reaction mechanism. The distance, <i>r</i>, between donor (apo-hTf) and acceptor (Cp<sub>2</sub>M(IV)Cl<sub>2</sub>) obtained according to Forster's theory of non-radiation energy transfer suggest that the energy transfer from apo-hTf to Cp<sub>2</sub>M(IV)Cl<sub>2</sub> occurs with high probability and distances obtained by FRET with high accuracy.</p>","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"5 3","pages":"79-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7668563/pdf/nihms-1641141.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38616193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-04DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00119
Oluwaseun Fapohunda, O. Balogun
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common and prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormal lipid and protein.1 It is one of the five leading causes death in the world affecting both developed and developing countries alike. It was projected that about 300 million people will have the disease by the year 2025.2 According to,3 the main indication of diabetes mellitus is the hyperglycemia in blood which is due to inappropriate pancreatic insulin secretion or low insulin-directed fostering of glucose by target cells. Diabetes mellitus is divided into several categories but the two major types are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 known as Insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is autoimmune disorder caused by auto aggressive T-lymphocytes that infiltrate the pancreas and destroy insulin producing β-cells leading to hypoinsulinemia and thus hyperglycemia.4,5 Type 2 is known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is characterized by insulin resistance in insulintargeting tissues, mainly the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes.6
{"title":"Oral magnesium supplementation modulates hepatic and intestinal expression of some carbohydrate metabolizing genes in type 2 diabetic rats","authors":"Oluwaseun Fapohunda, O. Balogun","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00119","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common and prevalent metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and abnormal lipid and protein.1 It is one of the five leading causes death in the world affecting both developed and developing countries alike. It was projected that about 300 million people will have the disease by the year 2025.2 According to,3 the main indication of diabetes mellitus is the hyperglycemia in blood which is due to inappropriate pancreatic insulin secretion or low insulin-directed fostering of glucose by target cells. Diabetes mellitus is divided into several categories but the two major types are type 1 and type 2. Type 1 known as Insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is autoimmune disorder caused by auto aggressive T-lymphocytes that infiltrate the pancreas and destroy insulin producing β-cells leading to hypoinsulinemia and thus hyperglycemia.4,5 Type 2 is known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). It is characterized by insulin resistance in insulintargeting tissues, mainly the liver, skeletal muscle, and adipocytes.6","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81390097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00118
Vishav Yadav, D. Kaushal, Abhishek Gugliani
{"title":"Pediatric temporal bone langerhans cell histiocytosis: report of 2 cases with review of literature","authors":"Vishav Yadav, D. Kaushal, Abhishek Gugliani","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81749840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-16DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00116
Simara Zabulon de Albuquerque Bastos, M. L. Telles, R. E. L. T. Parente, Lucas Leimig Telles Parente, Bruno da Rocha Alves Lira, L. N. Ferreira, F. Figueredo, Maria das Graças Nascimento Silva
A functional immune system is fundamental for homeostasis because it plays essential roles in defense against infectious agents, besides protecting the human body against tumor cells and autoimmune diseases. During childhood, the immune system is physiologically immature, but it develops progressively as the individual grows. Thus, in this period, recurrent infections can occur, mainly in the airways, even in completely healthy children.1,2 Children that born with a defective immune system develop conditions that belong to a group of diseases known as primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).3–5 These congenital diseases (which develop mainly during childhood) manifest especially in the form of recurrent infections, which often coincide with the immunological maturity period of the patients.6–8 Therefore, recognizing the suggestive characteristics in the clinical history and during the physical examination is fundamental to raise the hypothesis of primary immunodeficiency.3 Given the many characteristics that serve as warning signs, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation in association with the American Red Cross has created a list of Ten Warning Signs to facilitate the medical reasoning during the care of patients who need initial laboratory investigation9 The investigation should be carried out through initial examinations of easy access, which may be requested by the professional in the primary approach.7 The diagnosis should be complemented with specialized examinations in reference centers, where the child should receive prompt treatment.10 An early diagnosis is fundamental for an adequate treatment and consequent improvement in the quality of life of the patient, as well in the long-term prognosis and prevention of sequelae. Therefore, the recognition of the need of a systematic investigation for primary immunodeficiency of the patient depends on a well-founded suspected diagnosis by the physician in the primary approach.
{"title":"Primary immunodeficiency diseases: when we should suspect","authors":"Simara Zabulon de Albuquerque Bastos, M. L. Telles, R. E. L. T. Parente, Lucas Leimig Telles Parente, Bruno da Rocha Alves Lira, L. N. Ferreira, F. Figueredo, Maria das Graças Nascimento Silva","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00116","url":null,"abstract":"A functional immune system is fundamental for homeostasis because it plays essential roles in defense against infectious agents, besides protecting the human body against tumor cells and autoimmune diseases. During childhood, the immune system is physiologically immature, but it develops progressively as the individual grows. Thus, in this period, recurrent infections can occur, mainly in the airways, even in completely healthy children.1,2 Children that born with a defective immune system develop conditions that belong to a group of diseases known as primary immunodeficiencies (PIDs).3–5 These congenital diseases (which develop mainly during childhood) manifest especially in the form of recurrent infections, which often coincide with the immunological maturity period of the patients.6–8 Therefore, recognizing the suggestive characteristics in the clinical history and during the physical examination is fundamental to raise the hypothesis of primary immunodeficiency.3 Given the many characteristics that serve as warning signs, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation in association with the American Red Cross has created a list of Ten Warning Signs to facilitate the medical reasoning during the care of patients who need initial laboratory investigation9 The investigation should be carried out through initial examinations of easy access, which may be requested by the professional in the primary approach.7 The diagnosis should be complemented with specialized examinations in reference centers, where the child should receive prompt treatment.10 An early diagnosis is fundamental for an adequate treatment and consequent improvement in the quality of life of the patient, as well in the long-term prognosis and prevention of sequelae. Therefore, the recognition of the need of a systematic investigation for primary immunodeficiency of the patient depends on a well-founded suspected diagnosis by the physician in the primary approach.","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"263 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83702135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Action of probe binding to wild proteins is available now to explore the possibility of extraction and alteration at active region for effective binding.1–3 One of the forces of attraction is coming from carbon alone. When carbon probe binds to active region, alteration taking place in the vicinity of probe binding and place of alteration in ICOD details. According to nature of law carbon must be adequately distributed evenly with value of 0.31444–6 everywhere in the protein. Probe can bind only when there is deficiency of carbon value according to rule of law. When there is inadequate carbon point of distribution where alteration can be performed by probe binding at the adjacent site effectively.
{"title":"Domain formation in regions of protein probe interaction","authors":"Rajasekaran Ekambaram, Indupriya Rajasekaran, Meenal Rajasekaran","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00114","url":null,"abstract":"Action of probe binding to wild proteins is available now to explore the possibility of extraction and alteration at active region for effective binding.1–3 One of the forces of attraction is coming from carbon alone. When carbon probe binds to active region, alteration taking place in the vicinity of probe binding and place of alteration in ICOD details. According to nature of law carbon must be adequately distributed evenly with value of 0.31444–6 everywhere in the protein. Probe can bind only when there is deficiency of carbon value according to rule of law. When there is inadequate carbon point of distribution where alteration can be performed by probe binding at the adjacent site effectively.","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85266192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-05DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00113
Herber J Sarrazola, Fernado A Alzate
{"title":"Obtaining DNA from Urticaceae: overcoming the challenges associated with chemical compounds and herbarium specimens","authors":"Herber J Sarrazola, Fernado A Alzate","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00113","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80212404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-30DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00112
Mohamed Shaheen, N. Rizk, A. Allayeh, Samy M. Abdelhamid, Elmahdy ME Ibrahim
Rotavirus (RV), within the Reoviridae family, is a non-enveloped virus with 11 segments of double-stranded RNA and it is classified into 50 P types and 35 G on the basis of VP4 (protease-sensitive) and VP7 (glycoprotein) protein,6 respectively. RV represent the most important etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children, as well as many young animals world wide.7 It is also the major viral agent of acute gastroenteritis in children<5 years of age, which may lead to death in severe cases.8 The primary rout of RV transmission is the fecal-oral route via person-to-person contact or swallowing of fecally contaminated water and food, with waterborne being one of the most important exposure pathways.9–11 Currently no efficient drug inhibit RV infections and vaccines remains the only effective and economical means to control and prevent RV infections.12
{"title":"Enterobacter cloacae inhibits human rotavirus infectivity in vitro","authors":"Mohamed Shaheen, N. Rizk, A. Allayeh, Samy M. Abdelhamid, Elmahdy ME Ibrahim","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00112","url":null,"abstract":"Rotavirus (RV), within the Reoviridae family, is a non-enveloped virus with 11 segments of double-stranded RNA and it is classified into 50 P types and 35 G on the basis of VP4 (protease-sensitive) and VP7 (glycoprotein) protein,6 respectively. RV represent the most important etiologic agents of viral gastroenteritis in infants and young children, as well as many young animals world wide.7 It is also the major viral agent of acute gastroenteritis in children<5 years of age, which may lead to death in severe cases.8 The primary rout of RV transmission is the fecal-oral route via person-to-person contact or swallowing of fecally contaminated water and food, with waterborne being one of the most important exposure pathways.9–11 Currently no efficient drug inhibit RV infections and vaccines remains the only effective and economical means to control and prevent RV infections.12","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83511403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-26DOI: 10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00111
Umairah Natasya Mohd Omeershffudin, Suresh Kumar
Protein consists of four levels structure which is primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. The structures are built based on the linking amino acids. For sequences of amino acids of lesser than fifty amino acids linked together are known as peptides and are usually the primary structure of the protein.1 Hence, the primary structure is described as linear chain blocks of amino acids. If the amino acids are more than fifty, it is described as polypeptides. Secondary structures of the protein are known as the “folding protein” where the polypeptides are either folded to α-helices, β-strands and random coil.2 The structures are folded by linking the C=O and N-H by hydrogen bonds that make the structures more stable.3 Tertiary structures are known as the whole structure of the protein in a 3-Dimensional shape (3D) of which the protein structures are folded. Quaternary structures are referred to as the spatial relationship or the interaction between the subunits of the protein or also known as the individuals’ polypeptide chain.
{"title":"In silico approach for mining of potential drug targets from hypothetical proteins of bacterial proteome","authors":"Umairah Natasya Mohd Omeershffudin, Suresh Kumar","doi":"10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15406/ijmboa.2019.04.00111","url":null,"abstract":"Protein consists of four levels structure which is primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. The structures are built based on the linking amino acids. For sequences of amino acids of lesser than fifty amino acids linked together are known as peptides and are usually the primary structure of the protein.1 Hence, the primary structure is described as linear chain blocks of amino acids. If the amino acids are more than fifty, it is described as polypeptides. Secondary structures of the protein are known as the “folding protein” where the polypeptides are either folded to α-helices, β-strands and random coil.2 The structures are folded by linking the C=O and N-H by hydrogen bonds that make the structures more stable.3 Tertiary structures are known as the whole structure of the protein in a 3-Dimensional shape (3D) of which the protein structures are folded. Quaternary structures are referred to as the spatial relationship or the interaction between the subunits of the protein or also known as the individuals’ polypeptide chain.","PeriodicalId":93110,"journal":{"name":"International journal of molecular biology (Edmond, Okla.)","volume":"12 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83471066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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