Background: Several cases of Graves’ disease were recently reported in individuals vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objective: To determine characteristics and patterns of Graves’ disease occurring following SARS-CoBV-2 vaccination. Methods: PubMed search up to March 31st, 2022. Search terms are Graves’ disease, SARS-Cov-2, vaccine, COVID-19. Case reports, case series, review articles and pertinent in vitro studies are reviewed. Results: Review of literature revealed 28 cases (19 women) of new onset and 5 cases (4 women) of relapses of Graves’ disease after receiving different types of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Onset of hyperthyroid symptoms started 2-60 days after vaccination and occurred more frequently after the first vaccine dose (n=13) than after the second dose (n=5). In 70% of cases (23 of 33), the implicated agent was the m-RNA based vaccine of Pfizer-BioNtech. Severity of Graves’ disease symptoms was generally moderate and controlled by anti-thyroid medications (mainly methimazole) and beta-adrenergic blockers. The course of Graves’ disease is unclear as patients are still receiving therapy. No specific risk factors could be defined that may increase predisposition to the COVID-19 vaccine-induced Graves’ disease. Mechanisms of development of Graves’ disease after COVID-19 vaccination are unclear but may be related to the phenomena of molecular mimicry or autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome by adjuvants (ASIA). Conclusions: The timing of onset of symptoms of Graves’ disease in relation to the administration of COVID-19 vaccine strongly suggests a causal relationship. Physicians should be aware of the occurrence of this uncommon adverse effect.
{"title":"Graves’ disease Induced by Sars-Cov-2 Vaccination","authors":"N. Mikhail, Soma Wali","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/247","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several cases of Graves’ disease were recently reported in individuals vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Objective: To determine characteristics and patterns of Graves’ disease occurring following SARS-CoBV-2 vaccination. Methods: PubMed search up to March 31st, 2022. Search terms are Graves’ disease, SARS-Cov-2, vaccine, COVID-19. Case reports, case series, review articles and pertinent in vitro studies are reviewed. Results: Review of literature revealed 28 cases (19 women) of new onset and 5 cases (4 women) of relapses of Graves’ disease after receiving different types of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Onset of hyperthyroid symptoms started 2-60 days after vaccination and occurred more frequently after the first vaccine dose (n=13) than after the second dose (n=5). In 70% of cases (23 of 33), the implicated agent was the m-RNA based vaccine of Pfizer-BioNtech. Severity of Graves’ disease symptoms was generally moderate and controlled by anti-thyroid medications (mainly methimazole) and beta-adrenergic blockers. The course of Graves’ disease is unclear as patients are still receiving therapy. No specific risk factors could be defined that may increase predisposition to the COVID-19 vaccine-induced Graves’ disease. Mechanisms of development of Graves’ disease after COVID-19 vaccination are unclear but may be related to the phenomena of molecular mimicry or autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome by adjuvants (ASIA). Conclusions: The timing of onset of symptoms of Graves’ disease in relation to the administration of COVID-19 vaccine strongly suggests a causal relationship. Physicians should be aware of the occurrence of this uncommon adverse effect.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45579111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tension pneumocephalus is an unusual bad life-threatening neurosurgical emergency, this is the equivalent of tension pneumothorax. This often follows head trauma, epidural injections, complicating neurological spinal, craniofacial or sinus surgery. This is a forty-five-year-old man that was involved in a road traffic accident, was referred for a computed tomography of the brain on account of altered consciousness, irrational behavior, and restlessness. A non-contrast enhanced computed tomography of the brain was done, this demonstrated multiple areas of cortical discontinuity in the facial and skull vaults in keeping with fractures, extensive negative density (HU: -968) hypodensity in the frontal region bilaterally causing marked inferior displacement of both frontal lobes of the brain, with associated splaying of the interhemispheric fissure likened to the ‘Mount Fuji sign’ of severe/tension pneumocephalus. Pockets of negative density hypodensities are also noted in both cerebral hemispheres in keeping with pneumatoceles are also demonstrated. Generalized effacement of sulci and gyri in keeping with cerebral edema is also demonstrated. The outcome of the patient in the peripheral center was not known as at the time of this report, because all effort to get across to the patient and relations proved abortive. We present a case of tension pneumocephalus following road transport accident, to review the computed tomographic features due to its peculiar presentation.
{"title":"Tension Pneumocephalus in a Posttraumatic Patient: Computed Tomographic Findings and Case Report","authors":"Sule Mb","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/246","url":null,"abstract":"Tension pneumocephalus is an unusual bad life-threatening neurosurgical emergency, this is the equivalent of tension pneumothorax. This often follows head trauma, epidural injections, complicating neurological spinal, craniofacial or sinus surgery. This is a forty-five-year-old man that was involved in a road traffic accident, was referred for a computed tomography of the brain on account of altered consciousness, irrational behavior, and restlessness. A non-contrast enhanced computed tomography of the brain was done, this demonstrated multiple areas of cortical discontinuity in the facial and skull vaults in keeping with fractures, extensive negative density (HU: -968) hypodensity in the frontal region bilaterally causing marked inferior displacement of both frontal lobes of the brain, with associated splaying of the interhemispheric fissure likened to the ‘Mount Fuji sign’ of severe/tension pneumocephalus. Pockets of negative density hypodensities are also noted in both cerebral hemispheres in keeping with pneumatoceles are also demonstrated. Generalized effacement of sulci and gyri in keeping with cerebral edema is also demonstrated. The outcome of the patient in the peripheral center was not known as at the time of this report, because all effort to get across to the patient and relations proved abortive. We present a case of tension pneumocephalus following road transport accident, to review the computed tomographic features due to its peculiar presentation.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44349134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) includes involuntary choreiform or athetoid movements of the jaw, lower face, tongue, and extremities, developing in association with the use of an antipsychotic medication, and may develop in about 20 to 40 percent of patients who require long-lasting hospitalization. In the present study, the prevalence of this condition has been measured among an elderly group of schizophrenic patients. Methods: One hundred and one elderly schizophrenic patients, who were hospitalized in the chronic section of a community psychiatric hospital, were selected for the present cross-sectional study. Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) was employed to screen for patients with schizophrenia who also had TD. Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Schedule for Assessment of Insight, and Clinical Global Impressions – Severity of illness, as well, had been used as ancillary scales for evaluation of severity of general psychopathology of schizophrenia, and comparing the TD patients with the group of patients without TD, for probing the intervening parameters. Results: While abnormal movements were clear in 38.61% (n=39) of elderly schizophrenic patients, only seven of them (6.93 %) could be diagnosed as TD, based on the above-mentioned criteria. All of them were using conventional antipsychotic medications, accompanied with anticholinergic medications. Among TD patients, three cases had only abnormal facial and oral movements, one patient had atypical facial and oral movements as well as anomalous extremity movements, one patient had irregular facial and oral movements in addition to unusual trunk movements, and lastly, two patients had nonstandard extremity movements. In addition, around 71% of patients with TD were aware of their unusual movements. Between-group analysis did not show any significant difference between patients with TD and patients without TD in age, duration of illness, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, insight, and general psychopathology. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, the prevalence of Tardive Dyskinesia among elderly schizophrenic patients, who were using typical antipsychotic medications, is very lower than what has been indicated thus far.
{"title":"Evaluation of Abnormal Movements among Senior Schizophrenics: A Local Study with Reference to Tardive Dyskinesia","authors":"Saeed Shoja Shafti","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/249","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Tardive dyskinesia (TD) includes involuntary choreiform or athetoid movements of the jaw, lower face, tongue, and extremities, developing in association with the use of an antipsychotic medication, and may develop in about 20 to 40 percent of patients who require long-lasting hospitalization. In the present study, the prevalence of this condition has been measured among an elderly group of schizophrenic patients. Methods: One hundred and one elderly schizophrenic patients, who were hospitalized in the chronic section of a community psychiatric hospital, were selected for the present cross-sectional study. Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) was employed to screen for patients with schizophrenia who also had TD. Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms, Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms, Schedule for Assessment of Insight, and Clinical Global Impressions – Severity of illness, as well, had been used as ancillary scales for evaluation of severity of general psychopathology of schizophrenia, and comparing the TD patients with the group of patients without TD, for probing the intervening parameters. Results: While abnormal movements were clear in 38.61% (n=39) of elderly schizophrenic patients, only seven of them (6.93 %) could be diagnosed as TD, based on the above-mentioned criteria. All of them were using conventional antipsychotic medications, accompanied with anticholinergic medications. Among TD patients, three cases had only abnormal facial and oral movements, one patient had atypical facial and oral movements as well as anomalous extremity movements, one patient had irregular facial and oral movements in addition to unusual trunk movements, and lastly, two patients had nonstandard extremity movements. In addition, around 71% of patients with TD were aware of their unusual movements. Between-group analysis did not show any significant difference between patients with TD and patients without TD in age, duration of illness, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, insight, and general psychopathology. Conclusion: According to the findings of the present study, the prevalence of Tardive Dyskinesia among elderly schizophrenic patients, who were using typical antipsychotic medications, is very lower than what has been indicated thus far.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42142899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Trachoma is a communicable infection of the eye by certain strains of the Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the principal cause of loss of sight globally. Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin is a foundation stone of World Health Organization (WHO)’s global struggle to eradicate trachoma by 2020. Aims: The main objectives of the campaign's third monitoring are to check improvement of interventions and improvement of quality across times and activities implemented in seven selected districts of Ibb and Al-Hodeida governorates, Yemen. Methods: A community based cross-sectional coverage survey was performed. 68 divisions were selected per selected districts of the two governorates. A disconnect Results Entry Form for each district surveyed was finished, saved and uploaded directly into the online Coverage Survey Analysis Tool to check improvement of interventions and improvement of quality across times and activities implemented. Results: The national campaign for MDA covers 966 villages in 6 districts of Ibb and Al-Hodeidah governorates by 1932 healthcare workers. A total number of beneficiaries who were monitored from 476 homes reached 3,077, of whom 2,755 (90%, coverage rate) took the dose. The availability rates of trachoma medicines were ranged from 82% to 91%. The improper arrangement of treatment sessions rate was 17%, the incorrect position of the dose pole was 6%, while the correct records of drugs scored the rate of 99%, and the proper storage of drugs rate was 70%. The community collaboration during the treatment campaign the acceptable rate was 92%, while 3% exhibited unacceptable behaviors towards the treatment campaign. Conclusion: In this survey, the national campaign for MDA in the 966 villages reach the target threshold (i.e. 90%) for effective coverage; with proper rates for the availability of trachoma medicines, good people reactions towards taking treatment, and the community collaboration; while bad rates for the improper arrangement of treatment sessions, the incorrect position of the dose pole and the preparation dosages by MDA team. Hence, programmatic enhancement should be made for the future campaign to achieve the estimated thresholds.
{"title":"National Comprehensive Trachoma Treatment Campaign: Community Monitoring of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) Coverage and Practices","authors":"H. Al-Shamahy","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/245","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Trachoma is a communicable infection of the eye by certain strains of the Chlamydia trachomatis. It is the principal cause of loss of sight globally. Mass drug administration (MDA) with azithromycin is a foundation stone of World Health Organization (WHO)’s global struggle to eradicate trachoma by 2020. Aims: The main objectives of the campaign's third monitoring are to check improvement of interventions and improvement of quality across times and activities implemented in seven selected districts of Ibb and Al-Hodeida governorates, Yemen. Methods: A community based cross-sectional coverage survey was performed. 68 divisions were selected per selected districts of the two governorates. A disconnect Results Entry Form for each district surveyed was finished, saved and uploaded directly into the online Coverage Survey Analysis Tool to check improvement of interventions and improvement of quality across times and activities implemented. Results: The national campaign for MDA covers 966 villages in 6 districts of Ibb and Al-Hodeidah governorates by 1932 healthcare workers. A total number of beneficiaries who were monitored from 476 homes reached 3,077, of whom 2,755 (90%, coverage rate) took the dose. The availability rates of trachoma medicines were ranged from 82% to 91%. The improper arrangement of treatment sessions rate was 17%, the incorrect position of the dose pole was 6%, while the correct records of drugs scored the rate of 99%, and the proper storage of drugs rate was 70%. The community collaboration during the treatment campaign the acceptable rate was 92%, while 3% exhibited unacceptable behaviors towards the treatment campaign. Conclusion: In this survey, the national campaign for MDA in the 966 villages reach the target threshold (i.e. 90%) for effective coverage; with proper rates for the availability of trachoma medicines, good people reactions towards taking treatment, and the community collaboration; while bad rates for the improper arrangement of treatment sessions, the incorrect position of the dose pole and the preparation dosages by MDA team. Hence, programmatic enhancement should be made for the future campaign to achieve the estimated thresholds.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45663253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease with chronic transmural inflammation of the intestinal wall and can be observed from oral cavity to anus. There is an increasing rate of CD in children. Surgery has a role in the management of this entity when medical treatment is unsuccessful. In this review article it is aimed to review the general characteristics of anorectal disease in children with CD and principles of management are discussed under the light of relevant literature.
{"title":"Anorectal Lesions in Children with Crohn’s Disease: A Review Article","authors":"Volkan Sarper Erikci","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/242","url":null,"abstract":"Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease with chronic transmural inflammation of the intestinal wall and can be observed from oral cavity to anus. There is an increasing rate of CD in children. Surgery has a role in the management of this entity when medical treatment is unsuccessful. In this review article it is aimed to review the general characteristics of anorectal disease in children with CD and principles of management are discussed under the light of relevant literature.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43549105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sheppard Siegal syndrome was first described in 1945 by Sheppard Siegal. He described in details an extraordinary syndrome that was often undiagnosed because it was not clearly understood. The syndrome described by Siegal is characterized by recurrent attacks of fever, and commonly begins during childhood, and may begin as early as seven months. Attacks of the syndrome usually last two to three days and, often recur every few weeks. Siegal emphasized that progressive renal disease in the form of amyloidosis or chronic glomerulonephritis is the most serious organ involvement. Four mutations in the MEFV gene have been reported to account for 86% of the mutations causing Sheppard Siegal syndrome. Colchicine has been used for the treatment and prevention amyloidosis. Patients and methods: The father of a 3.5-year Iraqi boy (Born on the 19th of March, 2018) of Kurdish origin living in Dubai consulted us during September, 2021 about the appropriate treatment of his son who was experiencing recurrent attacks of high fever over about one year. He consulted us after consulting few physicians in Dubai who were prescribing oral and injectable acetaminophen for the symptomatic control of fever during the attacks. The case was studied and an evidenced-based recommendation is presented in this paper. Results: The attacks of fever were persisting for few days and were not generally associated with mo other significant symptoms other than the general ill health and tiredness that can be associate with fevers of various etiologies. Between the attacks, the boy was in good health and had normal activity. The father was unaware of a similar illness in their relatives. Serum amyloid A (EIA) was performed during the last attack of fever during August, 2021, and was very high (517mg/L), as the normal level is less than 6.40517mg/L. Analysis of regions of the MEFV gene showed no pathogenic variants were detected. Conclusion: We have recommended monitoring serum amyloid A during attack free periods, and initiate colchicine therapy if serum amyloid A was found high to prevent the development of amyloidosis according to the evidence provided by Berkun et al (2007).
{"title":"Sheppard Siegal Syndrome (Familial Mediterranean fever): The Value of Serum Amyloid a in the Diagnosis and Treatment Decision","authors":"Aamir Jalal Al-Mosawi","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/243","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sheppard Siegal syndrome was first described in 1945 by Sheppard Siegal. He described in details an extraordinary syndrome that was often undiagnosed because it was not clearly understood. The syndrome described by Siegal is characterized by recurrent attacks of fever, and commonly begins during childhood, and may begin as early as seven months. Attacks of the syndrome usually last two to three days and, often recur every few weeks. Siegal emphasized that progressive renal disease in the form of amyloidosis or chronic glomerulonephritis is the most serious organ involvement. Four mutations in the MEFV gene have been reported to account for 86% of the mutations causing Sheppard Siegal syndrome. Colchicine has been used for the treatment and prevention amyloidosis. Patients and methods: The father of a 3.5-year Iraqi boy (Born on the 19th of March, 2018) of Kurdish origin living in Dubai consulted us during September, 2021 about the appropriate treatment of his son who was experiencing recurrent attacks of high fever over about one year. He consulted us after consulting few physicians in Dubai who were prescribing oral and injectable acetaminophen for the symptomatic control of fever during the attacks. The case was studied and an evidenced-based recommendation is presented in this paper. Results: The attacks of fever were persisting for few days and were not generally associated with mo other significant symptoms other than the general ill health and tiredness that can be associate with fevers of various etiologies. Between the attacks, the boy was in good health and had normal activity. The father was unaware of a similar illness in their relatives. Serum amyloid A (EIA) was performed during the last attack of fever during August, 2021, and was very high (517mg/L), as the normal level is less than 6.40517mg/L. Analysis of regions of the MEFV gene showed no pathogenic variants were detected. Conclusion: We have recommended monitoring serum amyloid A during attack free periods, and initiate colchicine therapy if serum amyloid A was found high to prevent the development of amyloidosis according to the evidence provided by Berkun et al (2007).","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46772570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: In this study, it is aimed to examine the subjective experiences of nurses who worked voluntarily in COVID-19 services at the beginning of the pandemic. It is known the most psychologically affected group among healthcare professionals working with COVID-19 patients is nurses. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out using the narrative technique, the descriptive qualitative research methods. The data were collected with the "Nurse Introductory Information Form" and "Semi-structured Questionnaire for the Story of Being a Nurse in Fighting the Pandemic". Data were analyzed using the Story Evaluation Scale. Results: Seven nurses between the ages of 23-36, working in 3 different hospitals, participated in the study. Nurses stated they voluntarily care for patients between 2 weeks-17 months with the ethical values of benefit, respect for the individual, equality-justice, feelings of love, compassion, mercy. Emotional expressions in nurses' stories were determined as 'sadness (n=3), remorse, gratitude, pride (n=2), fear (n=4), anxiety (n=2), panic, worry, uneasiness, satisfaction, inadequacy’. Nurses used the metaphors of 'Motherhood, Heroism, Life Risk, Bomb Squad, Being a Trench on the Front, Warrior, Going to Fire' for their fight against COVID-19. Nurses reported that they experienced problems such as sweating, shortness of breath, limitation of communication, difficulty in care, decreased water intake while working with protective equipment. It has been reported family and peer support, team solidarity, belief in fulfilling sacred duty, suggestion, patience facilitate coping. Conclusions: It is necessary to increase the psychological resilience of nurses and to defend their rights in the political arena.
{"title":"Examining the Stories of Nurses Working in Fighting the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Descriptive Study","authors":"Kadri Demir","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/244","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: In this study, it is aimed to examine the subjective experiences of nurses who worked voluntarily in COVID-19 services at the beginning of the pandemic. It is known the most psychologically affected group among healthcare professionals working with COVID-19 patients is nurses. Materials and Methods: The research was carried out using the narrative technique, the descriptive qualitative research methods. The data were collected with the \"Nurse Introductory Information Form\" and \"Semi-structured Questionnaire for the Story of Being a Nurse in Fighting the Pandemic\". Data were analyzed using the Story Evaluation Scale. Results: Seven nurses between the ages of 23-36, working in 3 different hospitals, participated in the study. Nurses stated they voluntarily care for patients between 2 weeks-17 months with the ethical values of benefit, respect for the individual, equality-justice, feelings of love, compassion, mercy. Emotional expressions in nurses' stories were determined as 'sadness (n=3), remorse, gratitude, pride (n=2), fear (n=4), anxiety (n=2), panic, worry, uneasiness, satisfaction, inadequacy’. Nurses used the metaphors of 'Motherhood, Heroism, Life Risk, Bomb Squad, Being a Trench on the Front, Warrior, Going to Fire' for their fight against COVID-19. Nurses reported that they experienced problems such as sweating, shortness of breath, limitation of communication, difficulty in care, decreased water intake while working with protective equipment. It has been reported family and peer support, team solidarity, belief in fulfilling sacred duty, suggestion, patience facilitate coping. Conclusions: It is necessary to increase the psychological resilience of nurses and to defend their rights in the political arena.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46042999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iron constitutes an essential element that is implicated innumerous physiological functions. In the context of the pancreatic β cells, they act as components of the Fe –S cluster proteins, which are a must for the appropriate insulin generation and processing. As far as mitochondria are concerned , in the form of a constituent of the respiratory chain it aids in the generation of ATP along with Reactive oxygen species(ROS),that result in induction of β cells depolarization that causes potentiation of insulin liberation that is calcium based .It is of great importance that a marked fiine tuning gets established with regards to the iron cellular amounts to guarantee normal provision of Iron along with avoidance of iron overload. Actually, in view of the great reaction with oxygen in addition to the generation of free radicals , iron overload might result in Oxidative injury of cells that possess susceptibility to this situations in view of the normal escalation of ROS development besides lesser availability of antioxidant enzymes action .Thus here we conducted a systematic review utilizing usual search engine utilizing the MeSH; iron metabolism; DM; haemochromatosis; thallasemia; Alzheimer’s ;Parkinson’s disease ; Friedrich’s ataxia; Iron homeostasis; Iron binding protein; transferrin bound iron(TBI); non TBINTBI); Divalentmetal transporter I(DMT1); ferroportin; islet amyloid polypeptide; zinc transporter ZIP 14; Chaperone proteins- poly CR binding proteins(PCBPs); mitoferrin(Mfrn); Fe-S clusters - enzyme CDKAL1; hepcidin; hephaestin; frataxin ; labile iron pool (LIP); ABCT7; PDX1;MafA; PHD; MAMs; Miner 1;gestational DM; ferroptosis; ferroportin; iron overload &treatment ;toxicity in brain, GIT; from 1980 till 2022 till date. We found a total of 4500 articles out of which we selected 135 articles for this review. No meta-analysis was done. Main aim of this review was to get a better insight in mode of iron homeostasis in β cells, with mode of changed in this event in their damage. How abnormal iron storage/chaperon proteins might cause diabetes.
{"title":"Association of Iron Metabolism Abnormalities as Etiopathogenetic Factor in Alteration of Beta Cell Function and Impairment in Generation of Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review","authors":"Kulvinder Kochar Kaur","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/241","url":null,"abstract":"Iron constitutes an essential element that is implicated innumerous physiological functions. In the context of the pancreatic β cells, they act as components of the Fe –S cluster proteins, which are a must for the appropriate insulin generation and processing. As far as mitochondria are concerned , in the form of a constituent of the respiratory chain it aids in the generation of ATP along with Reactive oxygen species(ROS),that result in induction of β cells depolarization that causes potentiation of insulin liberation that is calcium based .It is of great importance that a marked fiine tuning gets established with regards to the iron cellular amounts to guarantee normal provision of Iron along with avoidance of iron overload. Actually, in view of the great reaction with oxygen in addition to the generation of free radicals , iron overload might result in Oxidative injury of cells that possess susceptibility to this situations in view of the normal escalation of ROS development besides lesser availability of antioxidant enzymes action .Thus here we conducted a systematic review utilizing usual search engine utilizing the MeSH; iron metabolism; DM; haemochromatosis; thallasemia; Alzheimer’s ;Parkinson’s disease ; Friedrich’s ataxia; Iron homeostasis; Iron binding protein; transferrin bound iron(TBI); non TBINTBI); Divalentmetal transporter I(DMT1); ferroportin; islet amyloid polypeptide; zinc transporter ZIP 14; Chaperone proteins- poly CR binding proteins(PCBPs); mitoferrin(Mfrn); Fe-S clusters - enzyme CDKAL1; hepcidin; hephaestin; frataxin ; labile iron pool (LIP); ABCT7; PDX1;MafA; PHD; MAMs; Miner 1;gestational DM; ferroptosis; ferroportin; iron overload &treatment ;toxicity in brain, GIT; from 1980 till 2022 till date. We found a total of 4500 articles out of which we selected 135 articles for this review. No meta-analysis was done. Main aim of this review was to get a better insight in mode of iron homeostasis in β cells, with mode of changed in this event in their damage. How abnormal iron storage/chaperon proteins might cause diabetes.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41452850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cystitis glandularis is a proliferative disorder of the urinary bladder which has tended to be associated with glandular metaplasia of the transitional cells that line the urinary bladder. Cystitis glandularis tends to be closely related to cystitis cystica with which it commonly does exist. Cystitis cystica represents a proliferative or reactive changes which tend to occur within von Brunn nests which do acquire luminal spaces and become cystically dilated, and cystitis may undergo glandular metaplasia which does represent cystitis glandularis or the cystitis may undergo intestinal type of metaplasia which is referred to as intestinal type of cystitis. Cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis is a very common incidental finding. Cystitis cystica and glandularis tend to develop I the setting of chronic irritation or inflammation of the urinary bladder mucosa. Cystitis cystica and glandularis tend to be frequently found in co-existence with interrelated lesions and they represent benign simulators of invasive carcinoma of the urinary bladder. With regard to mode of manifestation and diagnosis, cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis tend to be diagnosed incidentally based upon: findings of urinary bladder lesions at cystoscopy undertaken for some other reason or upon incidental finding of a urinary bladder lesion following the undertaking of radiology imaging (ultra-sound scan, or computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan undertaken for something else. The patient may also manifest with lower urinary tract symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence or poor flow of urine or difficulty in initiating urine. On rare occasions when the ureteric orifices are involved the patient may manifest with one sided loin pain or bilateral loin pain if both ureteric orifices are obstructed by the urinary bladder lesion. In severe cases of bilateral ureteric obstruction there may be evidence of impairment of renal function. Haematuria could also be a mode of presentation. Ultrasound scan of renal tract could demonstrate a polypoidal thickening of the wall of the urinary bladder usually in the trigone of the bladder but in extensive cases the thickening could be all over the urinary bladder and in cases where the ureteric orifices are obstructed there may be evidence of hydroureter and hydronephrosis. CT scan may show hyper-vascular polypoid mass within the urinary bladder, and MRI scan could demonstrate a hyperintense vascular core with encompassing low-intensity signal. These radiology imaging features are non-specific and would differentiate the urinary bladder lesion from invasive urothelial carcinoma. Diagnosis of the cystitis tends to be made based upon histopathology examination and immunohistochemistry staining studies of biopsy specimens or the trans-urethral resection specimens of the urinary bladder lesions. Microscopy pathology examination of the specimens tend to demonstrate: (a) abundant urothelial von Bru
{"title":"Cystitis Cystica and Cystitis Glandularis of the Urinary Bladder: A Review and Update","authors":"A. Kodzo-Grey Venyo","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/240","url":null,"abstract":"Cystitis glandularis is a proliferative disorder of the urinary bladder which has tended to be associated with glandular metaplasia of the transitional cells that line the urinary bladder. Cystitis glandularis tends to be closely related to cystitis cystica with which it commonly does exist. Cystitis cystica represents a proliferative or reactive changes which tend to occur within von Brunn nests which do acquire luminal spaces and become cystically dilated, and cystitis may undergo glandular metaplasia which does represent cystitis glandularis or the cystitis may undergo intestinal type of metaplasia which is referred to as intestinal type of cystitis. Cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis is a very common incidental finding. Cystitis cystica and glandularis tend to develop I the setting of chronic irritation or inflammation of the urinary bladder mucosa. Cystitis cystica and glandularis tend to be frequently found in co-existence with interrelated lesions and they represent benign simulators of invasive carcinoma of the urinary bladder. With regard to mode of manifestation and diagnosis, cystitis cystica and cystitis glandularis tend to be diagnosed incidentally based upon: findings of urinary bladder lesions at cystoscopy undertaken for some other reason or upon incidental finding of a urinary bladder lesion following the undertaking of radiology imaging (ultra-sound scan, or computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan undertaken for something else. The patient may also manifest with lower urinary tract symptoms of urinary frequency, urgency, urge incontinence or poor flow of urine or difficulty in initiating urine. On rare occasions when the ureteric orifices are involved the patient may manifest with one sided loin pain or bilateral loin pain if both ureteric orifices are obstructed by the urinary bladder lesion. In severe cases of bilateral ureteric obstruction there may be evidence of impairment of renal function. Haematuria could also be a mode of presentation. Ultrasound scan of renal tract could demonstrate a polypoidal thickening of the wall of the urinary bladder usually in the trigone of the bladder but in extensive cases the thickening could be all over the urinary bladder and in cases where the ureteric orifices are obstructed there may be evidence of hydroureter and hydronephrosis. CT scan may show hyper-vascular polypoid mass within the urinary bladder, and MRI scan could demonstrate a hyperintense vascular core with encompassing low-intensity signal. These radiology imaging features are non-specific and would differentiate the urinary bladder lesion from invasive urothelial carcinoma. Diagnosis of the cystitis tends to be made based upon histopathology examination and immunohistochemistry staining studies of biopsy specimens or the trans-urethral resection specimens of the urinary bladder lesions. Microscopy pathology examination of the specimens tend to demonstrate: (a) abundant urothelial von Bru","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44992767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Even though adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland could be lethal in its advanced stage, adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland can be effectively treated when the carcinoma is localized to the prostate gland and when the localized adenocarcinoma is a low-risk or intermediate-risk localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. it is localized. Traditionally, radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical radiotherapy (RT) in the form of either external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy were utilized to treat all men who have localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland as treatment of curative intent. Nevertheless, Radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy do tend to be associated with significant risks of post-treatment side effects. Some patients who have localized prostate cancer may not be medically fit as a result of their comorbidities to undergo radical prostatectomy or radical radiotherapy to their prostate cancers. Over recent years a number of less-invasive treatment options are being utilized for the treatment of some localized adenocarcinomas of the prostate gland and some of the treatment options include: Cryotherapy of prostate Cancer; Radiofrequency ablation of prostate cancer, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Prostate Cancer and Irreversible Electroporation of prostate cancer as focal ablation or whole gland ablation. Focal therapy has emerged as a potential form of treatment that can achieve similar oncological outcomes to radical treatment while preserving functional outcomes and decreasing rates of adverse effects. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is one such form of focal therapy which utilizes pulsatile electrical currents to ablate tissue. This modality of treatment is still in an early research phase, with studies showing that IRE is a safe procedure that can offer good short-term oncological outcomes whilst carrying a lower risk of poor functional outcomes. Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) is a new radiology image-guided tissue ablation which does induce cell death through very short but strong electric fields. IRE had been demonstrated to have preserving properties towards vessels, nerves, as well as the extra-cellular matrix. For this reason, IRE could represent an ideal treatment option for adenocarcinoma where other treatment options including radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy tend to unselectively destroy that encompass the prostate cancer and inducing side effects including urinary incontinence as well as sexual dysfunction / impotence. Some results of studies in which IRE had been utilized for the treatment of curative intent of localized low-risk and intermediate-risk adenocarcinomas of the prostate gland had indicated complete efficacy of IRE to the standard of radical prostatectomy and standard radical radiotherapy with regard to the 5-year tumour recurrence rate as well as better preservation of genitourinary function which did prove the safety as well as suitability of IRE for the tr
{"title":"Irreversible Electroporation of Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland with a Focus on Localized Carcinoma of the Prostate Gland: A Review and Update","authors":"A. Venyo","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/239","url":null,"abstract":"Even though adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland could be lethal in its advanced stage, adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland can be effectively treated when the carcinoma is localized to the prostate gland and when the localized adenocarcinoma is a low-risk or intermediate-risk localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland. it is localized. Traditionally, radical prostatectomy (RP) or radical radiotherapy (RT) in the form of either external beam radiotherapy or brachytherapy were utilized to treat all men who have localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland as treatment of curative intent. Nevertheless, Radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy do tend to be associated with significant risks of post-treatment side effects. Some patients who have localized prostate cancer may not be medically fit as a result of their comorbidities to undergo radical prostatectomy or radical radiotherapy to their prostate cancers. Over recent years a number of less-invasive treatment options are being utilized for the treatment of some localized adenocarcinomas of the prostate gland and some of the treatment options include: Cryotherapy of prostate Cancer; Radiofrequency ablation of prostate cancer, High Intensity Focused Ultrasound Treatment of Prostate Cancer and Irreversible Electroporation of prostate cancer as focal ablation or whole gland ablation. Focal therapy has emerged as a potential form of treatment that can achieve similar oncological outcomes to radical treatment while preserving functional outcomes and decreasing rates of adverse effects. Irreversible electroporation (IRE) is one such form of focal therapy which utilizes pulsatile electrical currents to ablate tissue. This modality of treatment is still in an early research phase, with studies showing that IRE is a safe procedure that can offer good short-term oncological outcomes whilst carrying a lower risk of poor functional outcomes. Irreversible Electroporation (IRE) is a new radiology image-guided tissue ablation which does induce cell death through very short but strong electric fields. IRE had been demonstrated to have preserving properties towards vessels, nerves, as well as the extra-cellular matrix. For this reason, IRE could represent an ideal treatment option for adenocarcinoma where other treatment options including radical prostatectomy and radical radiotherapy tend to unselectively destroy that encompass the prostate cancer and inducing side effects including urinary incontinence as well as sexual dysfunction / impotence. Some results of studies in which IRE had been utilized for the treatment of curative intent of localized low-risk and intermediate-risk adenocarcinomas of the prostate gland had indicated complete efficacy of IRE to the standard of radical prostatectomy and standard radical radiotherapy with regard to the 5-year tumour recurrence rate as well as better preservation of genitourinary function which did prove the safety as well as suitability of IRE for the tr","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49468692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：