Calcium is among the top three ions in the body and plays an important role in maintaining normal cellular function, intracellular signaling, blood coagulation, neural transmission, and integrity of the bone structure. Endocrine disorders have long been known to present with various neuropsychiatric manifestations. We aim to show how hypocalcemia can present acutely as delirium without any other symptoms. We focus our attention on hypocalcemia as a rare cause of delirium and psychosis as this is more commonly seen in hypercalcemia. We present a case of a 71-year-old patient with psychosis and delirium following an acute drop in calcium levels and review the existing literature. The relationship between calcium metabolism and psychiatric disturbances is poorly understood. There are few published reports of neuropsychiatric manifestations in hypocalcemia and most are due to bisphosphonates use which was not the case in our patient. She also had no other symptoms of hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia may present acutely with only a change in mental status and without any of the classic symptoms of numbness, tingling, or paresthesia. This is a rare presentation of this abnormality and a high index of suspicion is needed for prompt management.
{"title":"Hypocalcemia: An Unusual Presentation: Case Report","authors":"Oyiyechukwu Onwudiwe, Shadia A. E. Barakat","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/286","url":null,"abstract":"Calcium is among the top three ions in the body and plays an important role in maintaining normal cellular function, intracellular signaling, blood coagulation, neural transmission, and integrity of the bone structure. Endocrine disorders have long been known to present with various neuropsychiatric manifestations. We aim to show how hypocalcemia can present acutely as delirium without any other symptoms. We focus our attention on hypocalcemia as a rare cause of delirium and psychosis as this is more commonly seen in hypercalcemia. We present a case of a 71-year-old patient with psychosis and delirium following an acute drop in calcium levels and review the existing literature. The relationship between calcium metabolism and psychiatric disturbances is poorly understood. There are few published reports of neuropsychiatric manifestations in hypocalcemia and most are due to bisphosphonates use which was not the case in our patient. She also had no other symptoms of hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia may present acutely with only a change in mental status and without any of the classic symptoms of numbness, tingling, or paresthesia. This is a rare presentation of this abnormality and a high index of suspicion is needed for prompt management.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43948429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. J. Torres Gómez, Rosa Sánchez de Medina González, Beatriz Bravo Zambrano, Vanesa Ortega Bravo
The infundibular cyst is a skin lesion typically located on hairy areas that is extremely common. In fact, it is part of the daily routine of any pathology laboratory. Although both the dermatologist, the surgeon and the pathologist are sufficiently familiar with it and guide each case correctly, sometimes there are histological peculiarities that justify the histological study of the lesion. The coincidence of a molluscum contagiosum, a highly contagious entity in the context of an infundibular cyst, implies taking a series of precautions that would not be implemented based solely on clinical criteria.
{"title":"Moluscum contagiosum on infundibular cyst. No more than a curiosity","authors":"F. J. Torres Gómez, Rosa Sánchez de Medina González, Beatriz Bravo Zambrano, Vanesa Ortega Bravo","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/275","url":null,"abstract":"The infundibular cyst is a skin lesion typically located on hairy areas that is extremely common. In fact, it is part of the daily routine of any pathology laboratory. Although both the dermatologist, the surgeon and the pathologist are sufficiently familiar with it and guide each case correctly, sometimes there are histological peculiarities that justify the histological study of the lesion. The coincidence of a molluscum contagiosum, a highly contagious entity in the context of an infundibular cyst, implies taking a series of precautions that would not be implemented based solely on clinical criteria.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46513030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ogbodo Emmanuel Chukwuemeka, Analike Rosita Chinechelum, Okwara John Ekenedilichukwu, Meludu Samuel Chukwuemeka, Analike Rosemary Adamma, Onah Christian Ejike
Dyslipidemia has grown to be a significant global public health issue particularly in developing nations like ours, as a result of rising trends in dietary habits, physical inactivity, and obesity, which each play essential roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among undergraduate students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University in Nnewi. Two hundred (200) students between the ages of 18 and 30 who appeared to be in good health were selected at random. After that, each participant provided a fasting blood sample of five milliliters (5ml) for the evaluation of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) using standard laboratory techniques. Additionally, the body mass index (BMI) and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were calculated. 44 percent of participants were males and 56 percent were females, with an average age of 22.41 ±1.68 years. While 3% of the participants were underweight, 27% of them were overweight, and 6% were pre-obese, the majority of them (64%) had a normal BMI. Three percent (3%) of the participants had pre-hypertension, whereas 97% of the participants had normal blood pressure. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and high LDL-C among the participants, as defined by the World Health Organization, was 39.5%, 26.5%, 4%, 12.5%, and 16.5%, respectively. SBP Vs DBP, DBP Vs Weight, DBP Vs BMI, Weight Vs BMI, TC Vs TG, TC Vs HDL, and TC Vs LDL all had significant positive correlations (p<0.05) while SBP Vs TG, SBP Vs HDL, and TC Vs LDL all had significant negative correlations (r=-0.148, p=0.036, and r=-0.203, p=0.004). The female sex was strongly related with dyslipidemia (48.2%), whereas the male sex was not (28.4%). As a result, there is a pressing need to educate the public about the essential changes in food habits and overall lifestyle to maintain cardiovascular health.
由于饮食习惯、缺乏运动和肥胖的趋势不断上升，血脂异常已成为一个重要的全球公共卫生问题，尤其是在像我们这样的发展中国家，而这些因素在心血管疾病的发展中都发挥着重要作用。这项横断面研究的目的是确定Nnewi Nnamdi Azikiwe大学本科生中血脂异常的患病率。随机挑选了200名年龄在18岁至30岁之间、健康状况良好的学生。之后，每位参与者提供5毫升（5毫升）的空腹血样，用于使用标准实验室技术评估血清总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和高密度脂蛋白蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）。此外，还计算了身体质量指数（BMI）以及收缩压和舒张压读数。44%的参与者是男性，56%是女性，平均年龄为22.41±1.68岁。虽然3%的参与者体重不足，27%的参与者超重，6%的参与者肥胖前期，但他们中的大多数人（64%）的BMI正常。3%的参与者患有高血压前期，而97%的参与者血压正常。根据世界卫生组织的定义，参与者中高胆固醇血症、高甘油三酯血症、低HDL-C和高LDL-C的患病率分别为39.5%、26.5%、4%、12.5%和16.5%。SBP Vs DBP、DBP Vs Weight、DBP Vs BMI、Weight Vs BMI、TC Vs TG、TC Vs HDL和TC Vs LDL均具有显著的正相关（p<0.05），而SBP Vs TG、SBP Vs HDL、TC Vs LDL都具有显著的负相关（r=-0.148，p=0.036，r=-0.203，p=0.004）。女性与血脂异常密切相关（48.2%），而男性与血脂异常无关（28.4%）。因此，迫切需要教育公众饮食习惯和整体生活方式的根本变化，以保持心血管健康。
{"title":"Evaluation of dyslipidemia prevalence among undergraduate university students","authors":"Ogbodo Emmanuel Chukwuemeka, Analike Rosita Chinechelum, Okwara John Ekenedilichukwu, Meludu Samuel Chukwuemeka, Analike Rosemary Adamma, Onah Christian Ejike","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/274","url":null,"abstract":"Dyslipidemia has grown to be a significant global public health issue particularly in developing nations like ours, as a result of rising trends in dietary habits, physical inactivity, and obesity, which each play essential roles in the development of cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among undergraduate students at Nnamdi Azikiwe University in Nnewi. Two hundred (200) students between the ages of 18 and 30 who appeared to be in good health were selected at random. After that, each participant provided a fasting blood sample of five milliliters (5ml) for the evaluation of serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) using standard laboratory techniques. Additionally, the body mass index (BMI) and the systolic and diastolic blood pressure readings were calculated. 44 percent of participants were males and 56 percent were females, with an average age of 22.41 ±1.68 years. While 3% of the participants were underweight, 27% of them were overweight, and 6% were pre-obese, the majority of them (64%) had a normal BMI. Three percent (3%) of the participants had pre-hypertension, whereas 97% of the participants had normal blood pressure. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C, and high LDL-C among the participants, as defined by the World Health Organization, was 39.5%, 26.5%, 4%, 12.5%, and 16.5%, respectively. SBP Vs DBP, DBP Vs Weight, DBP Vs BMI, Weight Vs BMI, TC Vs TG, TC Vs HDL, and TC Vs LDL all had significant positive correlations (p<0.05) while SBP Vs TG, SBP Vs HDL, and TC Vs LDL all had significant negative correlations (r=-0.148, p=0.036, and r=-0.203, p=0.004). The female sex was strongly related with dyslipidemia (48.2%), whereas the male sex was not (28.4%). As a result, there is a pressing need to educate the public about the essential changes in food habits and overall lifestyle to maintain cardiovascular health.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45265974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: According to the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan Republic, there are 4 large mobile operators in the country. There are 108 mobile subscribers per 100 people. In this way Azerbaijan has become one of the most active mobile phone users in the world. Under these conditions, most people are engaged in gambling games, which is in line with the trends taking place in the world. Materials and methods. A total of 50 patients aged 18 to 35 years were examined. All patients were female. Patients were diagnosed according to ICD-11 6C50 gaming disorder - dependence on mobile phones. Patients were examined from January 2021 to July 2022 at the Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Patients received clomipramine (anafranil) 300 mg/day (100 mg 3 times a day) and carbamazepine 600 mg/day (200 mg 3 times a day) orally for 6 months. Results. As the follow-up data (6 months) showed, among 50 patients treated with anafranil and carbamazepine, milestones achieved full remission. Respondent analysis was performed using an alternative statistical method. Conclusion. Clinical data indicate a high efficacy of Anafranil and carbamazepine in the treatment of mobile phone addiction. The mechanisms of action of the drug are discussed.
{"title":"Treatment Tactics for Mobile Phone Addiction","authors":"Nadir A. Aliyev, Zafar N. Aliyev","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/272","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: According to the State Statistics Committee of Azerbaijan Republic, there are 4 large mobile operators in the country. There are 108 mobile subscribers per 100 people. In this way Azerbaijan has become one of the most active mobile phone users in the world. Under these conditions, most people are engaged in gambling games, which is in line with the trends taking place in the world. Materials and methods. A total of 50 patients aged 18 to 35 years were examined. All patients were female. Patients were diagnosed according to ICD-11 6C50 gaming disorder - dependence on mobile phones. Patients were examined from January 2021 to July 2022 at the Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Azerbaijan. Patients received clomipramine (anafranil) 300 mg/day (100 mg 3 times a day) and carbamazepine 600 mg/day (200 mg 3 times a day) orally for 6 months. Results. As the follow-up data (6 months) showed, among 50 patients treated with anafranil and carbamazepine, milestones achieved full remission. Respondent analysis was performed using an alternative statistical method. Conclusion. Clinical data indicate a high efficacy of Anafranil and carbamazepine in the treatment of mobile phone addiction. The mechanisms of action of the drug are discussed.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44445944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azab Elsayed Azab, Rabia A. M. Yahya, Ahmed M. Attia, Karema El.M.Shkal, Mona A. Yehia
Background: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a drug with a wide spectrum of clinical uses. It is commonly used as anticancer and immuno suppressant agent. It induces hyperlipidemia and myocardium damage. 5-FU is widely used in the treatment of a range of cancers. 5-FU in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents improves response rates and survival in breast and head and neck cancers. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antidyslipidemic effect of 5-fluorouracil against dyslipidemia induced by cyclophosphamide in male albinorats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male adult rats were grouped randomly into four groups (n=5 for each group). Group II cyclophosphamide (CPA): Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group III Fluorouracil (5-FU): 5-Fluorouracil at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day in saline was given through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group IV (CPA+5-FU): Rats were given CPA followed by 5-FU at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day (day by day) through i.p. to rats for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, rats were anesthetized using light ether. Blood samples were taken and prepared for biochemical measurements. Results: Intraperitoneal administration of CPA or 5-FU resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum lipids. The cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL levels in serum of CPA or 5-FU treated rats were significantly increased when compared to controls. When CPA was administered followed by 5-FU prevented the increase in serum lipid levels highlighting its hypolipidemic role as antagonism. Also, a marked decrease in HDL cholesterol was noted in CPA treated rats. These changes produced by CPA to serum levels of HDL were normalized when 5-FU is given to the treated rats compared to CPA administered rats. Conclusion: It could be concluded that treatment of rats with CPA induced dyslipidemia. However, 5-FU and CPA combination could produce a significant amelioration in the dyslipidemic changes, and it may be considered as a potentially useful candidate in the combination chemotherapy with CPA to prevent dyslipidemia. Future work should consider combined chemotherapy regimens, as two or more mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutic drugs could be more powerful than one mechanism.
{"title":"Antidyslipidemic Effect of 5-Fluorouracil against Cyclophosphamide-Induced Dyslipidemia in Male Albino Rats","authors":"Azab Elsayed Azab, Rabia A. M. Yahya, Ahmed M. Attia, Karema El.M.Shkal, Mona A. Yehia","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/276","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is a drug with a wide spectrum of clinical uses. It is commonly used as anticancer and immuno suppressant agent. It induces hyperlipidemia and myocardium damage. 5-FU is widely used in the treatment of a range of cancers. 5-FU in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents improves response rates and survival in breast and head and neck cancers. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the antidyslipidemic effect of 5-fluorouracil against dyslipidemia induced by cyclophosphamide in male albinorats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight male adult rats were grouped randomly into four groups (n=5 for each group). Group II cyclophosphamide (CPA): Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group III Fluorouracil (5-FU): 5-Fluorouracil at a dose of 10 mg/kg day by day in saline was given through i.p. to rats for 14 days. Group IV (CPA+5-FU): Rats were given CPA followed by 5-FU at a dose of 10 mg/kg per day (day by day) through i.p. to rats for 14 days. At the end of the experimental period, rats were anesthetized using light ether. Blood samples were taken and prepared for biochemical measurements. Results: Intraperitoneal administration of CPA or 5-FU resulted in a significant increase in the levels of serum lipids. The cholesterol, Triglyceride, and LDL levels in serum of CPA or 5-FU treated rats were significantly increased when compared to controls. When CPA was administered followed by 5-FU prevented the increase in serum lipid levels highlighting its hypolipidemic role as antagonism. Also, a marked decrease in HDL cholesterol was noted in CPA treated rats. These changes produced by CPA to serum levels of HDL were normalized when 5-FU is given to the treated rats compared to CPA administered rats. Conclusion: It could be concluded that treatment of rats with CPA induced dyslipidemia. However, 5-FU and CPA combination could produce a significant amelioration in the dyslipidemic changes, and it may be considered as a potentially useful candidate in the combination chemotherapy with CPA to prevent dyslipidemia. Future work should consider combined chemotherapy regimens, as two or more mechanisms of action of chemotherapeutic drugs could be more powerful than one mechanism.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48436821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While going through this excellent collection of high-quality scientific abstracts, we get caught by posters discussing safety and efficacy of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy in mothers with the diagnosis of an autoimmune disease.
{"title":"The eular 2022- what is new? A lesson about belimumab therapy and pregnancy with autoimmune rheumatic diseases.","authors":"R. H. A Mohammed","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/264","url":null,"abstract":"While going through this excellent collection of high-quality scientific abstracts, we get caught by posters discussing safety and efficacy of antirheumatic drugs during pregnancy in mothers with the diagnosis of an autoimmune disease.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45538224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is designed to determine phospholipids (PLs) dysfunction on cartilage surface and in synovial fluid (SF) in an osteoarthritic (OA) joints. The (PLs) in (SF) were measured for normal samples, with early eOA and late lOA stages of (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). During cartilage inflammation enzymatically activated β2-Glycoprotein I was transformed into antibody conformation (see Fig. 3). Deactivated PLs molecule lost ability to form bilayers and liposomes content in synovial fluid (SF) in osteoporotic joints is significantly higher (2-3 times) above the normal concentration of PLs. Additionally, the osteoporotic cartilage surface showed surface lubricity (f) 0.015 about three times higher, compared to the normal cartilage.
{"title":"Deactivated Phospholipids in an Osteoarthritic Joints: Lost Surface Lubricity","authors":"Z. Pawlak","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/258","url":null,"abstract":"This study is designed to determine phospholipids (PLs) dysfunction on cartilage surface and in synovial fluid (SF) in an osteoarthritic (OA) joints. The (PLs) in (SF) were measured for normal samples, with early eOA and late lOA stages of (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). During cartilage inflammation enzymatically activated β2-Glycoprotein I was transformed into antibody conformation (see Fig. 3). Deactivated PLs molecule lost ability to form bilayers and liposomes content in synovial fluid (SF) in osteoporotic joints is significantly higher (2-3 times) above the normal concentration of PLs. Additionally, the osteoporotic cartilage surface showed surface lubricity (f) 0.015 about three times higher, compared to the normal cartilage.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46407441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the distant past until now, various assistive devices and equipment have been made and marketed for the purpose of improving the life of blind people. Braille and the white cane can be noted as one of the most basic auxiliary equipment for the blind people. Over time and through the advancement of technology, a great change has taken place in the world of the blinds; and we can see everyday development of various tools which all of them are useful in improving the life of the blind people. Today, there are various helpful tools for the blind including Obstacle detection gadgets, Text reading tools, Money detection systems, Routing systems, Audio clock, Brain port, Braille tablet, Artificial eyes (bionic eyes), etc. In this article, we will have an overview of assistive devices made for the blinds. Examination of the produced medical equipment in this field will make it possible to provide more qualified assistive equipment for the blind.
{"title":"Qualitative Study for the Design and Fabricate of Assistive Technologies for the Visually Impaired and Blind People to Improve the Quality of Life","authors":"H. Shirzadfar","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/260","url":null,"abstract":"From the distant past until now, various assistive devices and equipment have been made and marketed for the purpose of improving the life of blind people. Braille and the white cane can be noted as one of the most basic auxiliary equipment for the blind people. Over time and through the advancement of technology, a great change has taken place in the world of the blinds; and we can see everyday development of various tools which all of them are useful in improving the life of the blind people. Today, there are various helpful tools for the blind including Obstacle detection gadgets, Text reading tools, Money detection systems, Routing systems, Audio clock, Brain port, Braille tablet, Artificial eyes (bionic eyes), etc. In this article, we will have an overview of assistive devices made for the blinds. Examination of the produced medical equipment in this field will make it possible to provide more qualified assistive equipment for the blind.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43364666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been threatening the world for more than 2 years. Breakthrough COVID-19 infection has clinical and public health significance. The health care workers have been working in front line; thus, acquiring greatest risks. Their family members are also at high risk being close contact to them. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the severity of breakthrough COVID-19 infection (BTI) in fourth wave among health care workers (HCW) and their family members, and the protective effect of C OVID-19 vaccine in Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among health care workers (HCW) and their family members who developed confirmed COVID-19 infection either by rapid test or PCR test at least 14 days after receiving COVID-19 vaccine during the fourth wave from January 2022 to May 2022. Data were collected by using standardized forms and analysis was done. Results: A total of 1013 participants were included in this study; 227 HCW and 786 family members. Less than half of HCW 44.4% (101/227) and 17.1% (135/786) of family members suffered BTI in fourth wave. Among them, 95% (96/101) of HCW and 57% (76/135) of family members had at least 3 doses of vaccine. The the chances of getting BTI after taking 3 doses, 4 doses and 5 dose were 47.4%, 36.1% and 10% respectively in HCW; and, 32.8%, 22.4% and 1% respectively in the family members. The mean duration of last dose of vaccine to symptom onset was 45.9 ± 40.6 days in HCW and 60.7 ± 66.6 days in the family members. The proportion of different types of vaccine received by HCW were Covaxin 88%, Sinopharm 70%, Covishield 34% and Sputink V 30% whereas the proportion in their family members were Covaxin 27%, Sinopharm 68%, Covishield 56% and Sputink V 13%. Comorbid status was noted in 15% of HCW and 45% of family members. The prevalence of breakthrough hospitalization was 3 (3.1) HCW and 8 (6.4%) family members. The survival rate was 100% in HCW and 97% in family members. Non survivors were over 65 years and they had multiple comorbidities. Half of them received only 2 doses of vaccine; one was unvaccinated. Conclusions: The majority of cases with BTI in fourth wave was mild. The prevalence of breakthrough hospitalization was 3-6% in HCW and family members; showing the protective effect of vaccine from severe manifestation. Non-survivors were elderly, having multiple comorbidities and incomplete vaccination or unvaccinated. The chance of BTI was decreasing if they obtained 4 doses compared to 3 doses. The possibility of BTI after taking 3 doses of vaccine was 50% in HCW and 33% in family members; it dropped to 36% and 22% respectively after 4 doses of vaccine. Therefore, 3 doses of COVID-19 vaccine could protect 50-67 percent; the protective efficacy increased to 65-87 percent with 4 doses. Therefore, 4 doses of COVID-19 vaccine are recommended for prevention of fifth wave in Myanmar.
背景：2019冠状病毒病（新冠肺炎）已经威胁世界2年多了。突破新冠肺炎感染具有临床和公共卫生意义。医护人员一直在一线工作；从而获得最大的风险。他们的家人与他们密切接触的风险也很高。本研究旨在评估第四波新冠肺炎突破性感染（BTI）在医护人员（HCW）及其家庭成员中的流行率和严重程度，以及COVID-19疫苗在缅甸的保护作用。方法：对2022年1月至2022年5月第四波接种新冠肺炎疫苗后至少14天通过快速检测或PCR检测确诊感染新冠肺炎的医护人员及其家属进行横断面描述性研究。使用标准化表格收集数据并进行分析。结果：本研究共纳入1013名参与者；227名HCW和786名家庭成员。在第四波中，不到一半的HCW 44.4%（101/227）和17.1%（135/786）的家庭成员患有BTI。其中，95%（96/101）的HCW和57%（76/135）的家庭成员至少接种了3剂疫苗。HCW在服用3剂、4剂和5剂后获得BTI的几率分别为47.4%、36.1%和10%；家庭成员分别为32.8%、22.4%和1%。HCW和家庭成员从最后一剂疫苗到症状出现的平均持续时间分别为45.9±40.6天和60.7±66.6天。HCW接种不同类型疫苗的比例为Covaxin 88%、国药集团70%、Covishield 34%和Sputink V 30%，而其家庭成员的比例为科瓦新27%、国药公司68%、Covisheild 56%和Sputlink V 13%。15%的HCW和45%的家庭成员患有合并症。突破性住院的患病率为3（3.1）HCW和8（6.4%）家庭成员。HCW和家庭成员的生存率分别为100%和97%。非幸存者年龄超过65岁，有多种合并症。其中一半只接种了2剂疫苗；其中一人未接种疫苗。结论：第四波BTI患者多为轻度BTI。HCW及其家庭成员突破性住院的发生率为3-6%；显示出疫苗对严重症状的保护作用。非幸存者是老年人，有多种合并症，疫苗接种不完全或未接种。与3剂相比，如果他们获得4剂，BTI的几率正在降低。HCW接种3剂疫苗后发生BTI的可能性为50%，家庭成员为33%；接种4剂疫苗后分别下降到36%和22%。因此，3剂新冠肺炎疫苗可以保护50-67%；4次给药后，保护效果提高到65-87%。因此，建议在缅甸接种4剂新冠肺炎疫苗预防第五波疫情。
{"title":"Breakthrough covid-19 infections among health care workers and their family members in fourth wave of pandemic in myanmar: is third dose enough?","authors":"K. Pyar","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/262","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been threatening the world for more than 2 years. Breakthrough COVID-19 infection has clinical and public health significance. The health care workers have been working in front line; thus, acquiring greatest risks. Their family members are also at high risk being close contact to them. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and the severity of breakthrough COVID-19 infection (BTI) in fourth wave among health care workers (HCW) and their family members, and the protective effect of C OVID-19 vaccine in Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among health care workers (HCW) and their family members who developed confirmed COVID-19 infection either by rapid test or PCR test at least 14 days after receiving COVID-19 vaccine during the fourth wave from January 2022 to May 2022. Data were collected by using standardized forms and analysis was done. Results: A total of 1013 participants were included in this study; 227 HCW and 786 family members. Less than half of HCW 44.4% (101/227) and 17.1% (135/786) of family members suffered BTI in fourth wave. Among them, 95% (96/101) of HCW and 57% (76/135) of family members had at least 3 doses of vaccine. The the chances of getting BTI after taking 3 doses, 4 doses and 5 dose were 47.4%, 36.1% and 10% respectively in HCW; and, 32.8%, 22.4% and 1% respectively in the family members. The mean duration of last dose of vaccine to symptom onset was 45.9 ± 40.6 days in HCW and 60.7 ± 66.6 days in the family members. The proportion of different types of vaccine received by HCW were Covaxin 88%, Sinopharm 70%, Covishield 34% and Sputink V 30% whereas the proportion in their family members were Covaxin 27%, Sinopharm 68%, Covishield 56% and Sputink V 13%. Comorbid status was noted in 15% of HCW and 45% of family members. The prevalence of breakthrough hospitalization was 3 (3.1) HCW and 8 (6.4%) family members. The survival rate was 100% in HCW and 97% in family members. Non survivors were over 65 years and they had multiple comorbidities. Half of them received only 2 doses of vaccine; one was unvaccinated. Conclusions: The majority of cases with BTI in fourth wave was mild. The prevalence of breakthrough hospitalization was 3-6% in HCW and family members; showing the protective effect of vaccine from severe manifestation. Non-survivors were elderly, having multiple comorbidities and incomplete vaccination or unvaccinated. The chance of BTI was decreasing if they obtained 4 doses compared to 3 doses. The possibility of BTI after taking 3 doses of vaccine was 50% in HCW and 33% in family members; it dropped to 36% and 22% respectively after 4 doses of vaccine. Therefore, 3 doses of COVID-19 vaccine could protect 50-67 percent; the protective efficacy increased to 65-87 percent with 4 doses. Therefore, 4 doses of COVID-19 vaccine are recommended for prevention of fifth wave in Myanmar.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48604538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The effectiveness and success of endodontic treatment depends on the doctor's professionalism and knowledge of the anatomy and morphology of root canals. The equipment that is at the disposal of the dentist is also of great importance. At the moment, it is difficult to imagine the diagnosis of complex endodontic pathology without the use of cone-beam computed tomography. Diagnostic radiographs in different projections are important for getting an idea of the number of existing root canals, but do not always give a complete picture of the anatomy and morphology of root canals. Magnifying devices (binoculars and dental microscope) are also very helpful for competent treatment in modern dentistry in general and endodontics in particular. Premolars of the mandible are among the most difficult teeth for endodontic treatment due to a sufficient number of variations in internal morphology, the presence of additional root canals, apical deltas and lateral canals.
{"title":"Clinical case: second mandibular premolar with three root canals","authors":"Elena. V. Vusataya","doi":"10.31579/2690-1919/282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/282","url":null,"abstract":"The effectiveness and success of endodontic treatment depends on the doctor's professionalism and knowledge of the anatomy and morphology of root canals. The equipment that is at the disposal of the dentist is also of great importance. At the moment, it is difficult to imagine the diagnosis of complex endodontic pathology without the use of cone-beam computed tomography. Diagnostic radiographs in different projections are important for getting an idea of the number of existing root canals, but do not always give a complete picture of the anatomy and morphology of root canals. Magnifying devices (binoculars and dental microscope) are also very helpful for competent treatment in modern dentistry in general and endodontics in particular. Premolars of the mandible are among the most difficult teeth for endodontic treatment due to a sufficient number of variations in internal morphology, the presence of additional root canals, apical deltas and lateral canals.","PeriodicalId":93114,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical research and reports","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42672135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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