K. Okuyama, T. Kido, N. Miyakoshi, K. Tajimi, Y. Shimada
There are very few reports focusing on a role of vitamin D in falls and the related factors in the non-elderly (18-64 years). A cross-sectional survey was addressed to investigate associations between falls, the related factors, and 25[OH]D3 status in 256 non-elderly adults that regularly work indoors at latitude 40° north region. The mean value of the serum 25[OH]D3 was 15.6 ± 7.0 ng/ml. We divided the serum 25[OH]D3 levels into 3 groups. The deficient, inadequate, and adequate group was at a level of <12.0, 12.0 to < 20, and ≧ 20 ng/ml. Percentage of each group was 35, 38, and 27%. Therefore, 73% of the 256 non-elderly adults working indoors did not have adequate serum 25[OH] D3. Falls prevalence of the past 12 months was 8.9, 5.1 and 11.8%, respectively. The mean age of the 3 groups was 37.2 ± 12.5, 39.7 ± 13.2, and 42.0 ± 13.4 years, and it was significantly older in the adequate group (p<0.01). No associations were found in the prevalence of falls, spinal alignment, bone, muscle status, laboratory data among the 3 groups. Therefore, assessment of Vitamin D status in the non-elderly adults may be less valuable as far as falls and the related factors were concerned. Key words: 25[OH]D3, falls prevalence, non-elderly indoor workers, 40° north latitude.
{"title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status in non-elderly adults (18-64 years) working indoors at 40 north latitude","authors":"K. Okuyama, T. Kido, N. Miyakoshi, K. Tajimi, Y. Shimada","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0053","url":null,"abstract":"There are very few reports focusing on a role of vitamin D in falls and the related factors in the non-elderly (18-64 years). A cross-sectional survey was addressed to investigate associations between falls, the related factors, and 25[OH]D3 status in 256 non-elderly adults that regularly work indoors at latitude 40° north region. The mean value of the serum 25[OH]D3 was 15.6 ± 7.0 ng/ml. We divided the serum 25[OH]D3 levels into 3 groups. The deficient, inadequate, and adequate group was at a level of <12.0, 12.0 to < 20, and ≧ 20 ng/ml. Percentage of each group was 35, 38, and 27%. Therefore, 73% of the 256 non-elderly adults working indoors did not have adequate serum 25[OH] D3. Falls prevalence of the past 12 months was 8.9, 5.1 and 11.8%, respectively. The mean age of the 3 groups was 37.2 ± 12.5, 39.7 ± 13.2, and 42.0 ± 13.4 years, and it was significantly older in the adequate group (p<0.01). No associations were found in the prevalence of falls, spinal alignment, bone, muscle status, laboratory data among the 3 groups. Therefore, assessment of Vitamin D status in the non-elderly adults may be less valuable as far as falls and the related factors were concerned. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: 25[OH]D3, falls prevalence, non-elderly indoor workers, 40° north latitude.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"7-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90462973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Nwokoro, B. Ayoade, B. Salami, E. Emmanuel, O. Fatungase, L. Amosu, I. Ogundele
Traumatic injuries to the perineum and external genitalia in children may be accidental, self-inflicted or the result of assault. Sexual assaults account for majority of the injuries in developed countries while accidental injuries occur more in underdeveloped and developing countries. The injuries may be isolated or associated with trauma to other areas of the body. Perineal injuries constitute 0.2% of the injuries in girls under the age of 15 years while paediatric genital injuries have been reported to represent 0.4 to 8% of childhood trauma. Although, paediatric genital and perineal injuries represent a small proportion of overall injuries seen in childhood; their continued increase in incidence and the resulting morbidity and occasional mortality present them as a public health condition that needs adequate awareness and dissemination of information that could help in preventing and managing these conditions when they occur. The index case resulted from sexual assault in a three-month old baby girl with attendant severe perineal and genital injuries. Perineal and genital injuries in children result from trauma secondary to accidents, self-inflicted injuries and sexual abuse. The importance of this condition is the steady rise in incidence and the resultant morbidity and mortality that may accompany these injuries. However, prompt attention, meticulous repair of all identified injuries usually guarantee satisfactory outcome. Key words: Perineal, genital, female, 3-month, child, secondary, sexual, injury.
{"title":"Perineo-genital injury secondary to sexual assault in a 3-month old female","authors":"C. Nwokoro, B. Ayoade, B. Salami, E. Emmanuel, O. Fatungase, L. Amosu, I. Ogundele","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0027","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic injuries to the perineum and external genitalia in children may be accidental, self-inflicted or the result of assault. Sexual assaults account for majority of the injuries in developed countries while accidental injuries occur more in underdeveloped and developing countries. The injuries may be isolated or associated with trauma to other areas of the body. Perineal injuries constitute 0.2% of the injuries in girls under the age of 15 years while paediatric genital injuries have been reported to represent 0.4 to 8% of childhood trauma. Although, paediatric genital and perineal injuries represent a small proportion of overall injuries seen in childhood; their continued increase in incidence and the resulting morbidity and occasional mortality present them as a public health condition that needs adequate awareness and dissemination of information that could help in preventing and managing these conditions when they occur. The index case resulted from sexual assault in a three-month old baby girl with attendant severe perineal and genital injuries. Perineal and genital injuries in children result from trauma secondary to accidents, self-inflicted injuries and sexual abuse. The importance of this condition is the steady rise in incidence and the resultant morbidity and mortality that may accompany these injuries. However, prompt attention, meticulous repair of all identified injuries usually guarantee satisfactory outcome. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Perineal, genital, female, 3-month, child, secondary, sexual, injury.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"40-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72880160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Millions of lives are saved each year through blood transfusions. Blood donation is therefore considered as a humanitarian act and a positive behavioural phenomenon. To explore intention to donate blood among Hawassa city population, southern Ethiopia, 2017, a qualitative study using the theory of planned behaviour was employed. Data collection was done using a semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions. Focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews were employed for data collection. Data analysis begun with translation as it was the first step in data analysis for the qualitative study. Transcripts were coded using the Atlas.Ti.7 software. For coding the data, the basic constructs of the theory of planned behavior was used. Almost all participants do not know the minimum and maximum age to donate blood. Television and friends are mentioned as the main source of information about blood donation. Majority of the participants had mentioned that it is very difficult for them to know for whom the donated blood is given. Almost all participants in this study see blood donation as a humanitarian act. For married participants, wives and husbands were stated as subjective norms. The influence of subjective norm is not so much considered. Majority of the participants stated that they had fear that they will suffer from some health problem if they donate blood. Being anemic and weak is reported by the majority. Key words: Blood donation, voluntary donation, qualitative research, Hawassa, theory of planned behaviour.
{"title":"An exploration on blood donation intention among population in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia; theory of planned behaviour approach: A qualitative study","authors":"Dereje Geleta, B. Meshesha","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2018.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2018.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Millions of lives are saved each year through blood transfusions. Blood donation is therefore considered as a humanitarian act and a positive behavioural phenomenon. To explore intention to donate blood among Hawassa city population, southern Ethiopia, 2017, a qualitative study using the theory of planned behaviour was employed. Data collection was done using a semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions. Focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews were employed for data collection. Data analysis begun with translation as it was the first step in data analysis for the qualitative study. Transcripts were coded using the Atlas.Ti.7 software. For coding the data, the basic constructs of the theory of planned behavior was used. Almost all participants do not know the minimum and maximum age to donate blood. Television and friends are mentioned as the main source of information about blood donation. Majority of the participants had mentioned that it is very difficult for them to know for whom the donated blood is given. Almost all participants in this study see blood donation as a humanitarian act. For married participants, wives and husbands were stated as subjective norms. The influence of subjective norm is not so much considered. Majority of the participants stated that they had fear that they will suffer from some health problem if they donate blood. Being anemic and weak is reported by the majority. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Blood donation, voluntary donation, qualitative research, Hawassa, theory of planned behaviour.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87475886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Isezuo, A. Adamu, F. Jiya, T. Yusuf, S. Um, N. Jiya, B. Onankpa, P. Ibitoye, M. Ugege, B. I. Garba
Medical documentation, in addition to being a legal and research tool, is vital in providing quality patient care. In Nigeria, hand written documentation without proforma, is the norm. We assessed the quality of doctors’ documentation of children admitted into Emergency Paediatrics Unit (EPU), Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH). A 3-month cross-sectional study of admission records by different cadre of doctors for children admitted into the EPU between March and May 2016. A checklist was used to assess the quality of documentation. Data was analysed with SPSS version 22. Of the 191 patients’ clerking studied, 63 (33%) indicated the doctors’ cadre. The patients’ name written on the first page in 168 (88%), but only 31 (16.2%) indicated name on subsequent pages. Date and time of consultation were written in 183 (95.8%) and 61 (31.9%) respectively. Writing was legible in (174) 91.1%, with counter-signing of cancellations in 19 (9.9%). Examination findings documented included blood pressure in 18 (9.4%), pulse rate in 179 (93.7%), respiratory rate in 179 (93.7%) and temperature in 184 (96.3%). This study demonstrates the need for improvement in quality of paediatrics emergency documentation. Continuing medical education (CME) on this is essential. Key words: Quality, admission, documentation, emergency, paediatrics, Sokoto.
医疗文件除了是一种法律和研究工具外，对于提供高质量的病人护理至关重要。在尼日利亚，没有形式的手写文件是常态。我们评估了乌斯马努丹福迪约大学教学医院儿科急诊科(EPU)收治儿童的医生记录的质量。对2016年3月至5月EPU收治儿童的不同骨干医生的住院记录进行为期3个月的横断面研究。使用检查表来评估文件的质量。数据分析采用SPSS version 22。在所研究的191例患者中，63例(33%)为医生干部。168例(88%)患者的名字写在第一页，但只有31例(16.2%)患者的名字写在后续页。183例(95.8%)和61例(31.9%)分别填写咨询日期和时间。其中(174)的文字清晰可辨，占91.1%，其中19(9.9%)有会签取消。记录的检查结果包括18例血压(9.4%)、179例脉搏(93.7%)、179例呼吸(93.7%)和184例体温(96.3%)。本研究表明需要提高儿科急诊文件的质量。这方面的继续医学教育(CME)是必不可少的。关键词:质量，入院，文件，急诊，儿科，索科托。
{"title":"Quality of hospital admission documentation: A study in an emergency paediatric unit of a tertiary hospital in Nigeria","authors":"K. Isezuo, A. Adamu, F. Jiya, T. Yusuf, S. Um, N. Jiya, B. Onankpa, P. Ibitoye, M. Ugege, B. I. Garba","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2018.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2018.0021","url":null,"abstract":"Medical documentation, in addition to being a legal and research tool, is vital in providing quality patient care. In Nigeria, hand written documentation without proforma, is the norm. We assessed the quality of doctors’ documentation of children admitted into Emergency Paediatrics Unit (EPU), Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH). A 3-month cross-sectional study of admission records by different cadre of doctors for children admitted into the EPU between March and May 2016. A checklist was used to assess the quality of documentation. Data was analysed with SPSS version 22. Of the 191 patients’ clerking studied, 63 (33%) indicated the doctors’ cadre. The patients’ name written on the first page in 168 (88%), but only 31 (16.2%) indicated name on subsequent pages. Date and time of consultation were written in 183 (95.8%) and 61 (31.9%) respectively. Writing was legible in (174) 91.1%, with counter-signing of cancellations in 19 (9.9%). Examination findings documented included blood pressure in 18 (9.4%), pulse rate in 179 (93.7%), respiratory rate in 179 (93.7%) and temperature in 184 (96.3%). This study demonstrates the need for improvement in quality of paediatrics emergency documentation. Continuing medical education (CME) on this is essential. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Quality, admission, documentation, emergency, paediatrics, Sokoto.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"525 1","pages":"25-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77364970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abruptio placentae remain a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and a significant cause of perinatal loss especially in the resource poor countries like Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors, maternal and perinatal outcomes of patients managed for abruptio placentae at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, (UATH), during a five-year period. A retrospective 5-year review of all cases of abruptio placentae managed at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital between 2012 and 2016 was carried out. The patients’ case notes were retrieved from the records department of the hospital and studied for socio-demographic characteristics, parity, gestational age, clinical presentation, risk factors for abruptio placentae, foetal and maternal outcomes. Total number of deliveries during the study period was 10767. Fifty-five (0.51%) women had abruptio placentae. Age significantly affected the incidence of abruptio placenta in this study (p=0.001). Parity was not significantly associated with abruptio placenta (p=0.73). Abruptio placentae occurred more frequently amongst unbooked women (70.9%). Maternal complications were postpartum haemorrhage (16.4%), haemorrhage shock (10.9%), postpartum anaemia (acute) (21.8%), and puerperal sepsis (3.6%). There was one maternal death, giving a case fatality rate of 1.8%. Adverse foetal outcome was noted in severe cases of abruptio placentae. There were seven perinatal deaths giving a perinatal mortality rate of 127 per 1000 births. Abruptio placentae is associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcome. Lack of antenatal care, increasing maternal age and multiparity are independently associated with abruptio placentae and this has significant impact on the fetomaternal outcome from the complications. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of placental abruption will significantly improve foetal and maternal outcome. Key words: Abruptio placentae, risk factors, maternal, perinatal outcomes.
{"title":"Foeto-maternal outcome of abruptio placentae at a Nigerian tertiary hospital","authors":"N. Adewole, A. Isah, I. F. Osinachi","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Abruptio placentae remain a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality and a significant cause of perinatal loss especially in the resource poor countries like Nigeria. The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors, maternal and perinatal outcomes of patients managed for abruptio placentae at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, (UATH), during a five-year period. A retrospective 5-year review of all cases of abruptio placentae managed at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital between 2012 and 2016 was carried out. The patients’ case notes were retrieved from the records department of the hospital and studied for socio-demographic characteristics, parity, gestational age, clinical presentation, risk factors for abruptio placentae, foetal and maternal outcomes. Total number of deliveries during the study period was 10767. Fifty-five (0.51%) women had abruptio placentae. Age significantly affected the incidence of abruptio placenta in this study (p=0.001). Parity was not significantly associated with abruptio placenta (p=0.73). Abruptio placentae occurred more frequently amongst unbooked women (70.9%). Maternal complications were postpartum haemorrhage (16.4%), haemorrhage shock (10.9%), postpartum anaemia (acute) (21.8%), and puerperal sepsis (3.6%). There was one maternal death, giving a case fatality rate of 1.8%. Adverse foetal outcome was noted in severe cases of abruptio placentae. There were seven perinatal deaths giving a perinatal mortality rate of 127 per 1000 births. Abruptio placentae is associated with adverse maternal and foetal outcome. Lack of antenatal care, increasing maternal age and multiparity are independently associated with abruptio placentae and this has significant impact on the fetomaternal outcome from the complications. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment of placental abruption will significantly improve foetal and maternal outcome. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Abruptio placentae, risk factors, maternal, perinatal outcomes.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"18-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86127073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Obi, O. Umeora, I. Dimejesi, O. Asiegbu, C. C. Mgbafulu, C. C. Ifemelumma, C. Obi
Increasing caesarean section rate is a source of concern to obstetricians due to the attendant increased health risk, its commonest complication is bleeding, which occasionally may be life threatening. Tranexamic acid has recently been investigated as a potentially useful adjunct for the prevention of maternal morbidity. The research aim to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid at reducing blood loss during elective caesarean section. The method used was a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial among women who had elective caesarean section at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) and Mile 4 Hospital Abakaliki. Data analysis was done using statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) software (version 20, Chicago II, USA). The results from the finding show that mean estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the tranexamic acid group (566.78±267.42 ml versus 819.09±348.36 ml, p 1000 ml was also significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group 5(8.8%) versus 16(27.6%); alternatively, 0.25; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.74; p=0.012. Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the need for additional uterotonics. However, the number of patients that had blood transfusion between had no difference and the maternal side effect profile was similar. Intravenous tranexamic acid significantly reduced blood loss at elective caesarean sections. It also reduced the risk of blood loss greater than 1000 ml and the need for additional uterotonics without increasing maternal risks. Key words: Tranexamic acid, blood loss, elective caesarean section.
剖宫产率的增加是产科医生关注的一个问题，因为随之而来的健康风险增加，其最常见的并发症是出血，有时可能危及生命。氨甲环酸最近被研究作为一种潜在的有用的辅助预防产妇发病率。本研究旨在评价氨甲环酸在选择性剖宫产术中减少出血量的效果。使用的方法是双盲随机安慰剂对照试验，在阿巴卡利基联邦教学医院(FETHA)和阿巴卡利基Mile 4医院接受选择性剖腹产手术的妇女中进行。数据分析使用IBM SPSS软件(version 20, Chicago II, USA)进行。研究结果显示，氨甲环酸组的平均估计失血量显著降低(566.78±267.42 ml vs 819.09±348.36 ml)，研究组的p1000 ml也显著低于对照组5(8.8%)vs 16(27.6%);另外,0.25;95% CI 0.09 ~ 0.74;p = 0.012。氨甲环酸显著减少了额外子宫强张的需要。然而，两组之间输血的患者数量没有差异，母体的副作用也相似。静脉注射氨甲环酸可显著减少择期剖宫产的出血量。它还降低了失血量超过1000毫升的风险和额外子宫强直的需要，而不会增加产妇的风险。关键词:氨甲环酸，失血，择期剖宫产
{"title":"Efficacy of intravenous tranexamic acid at reducing blood loss during elective caesarean section in Abakaliki: A double blind randomized placebo controlled trial","authors":"V. Obi, O. Umeora, I. Dimejesi, O. Asiegbu, C. C. Mgbafulu, C. C. Ifemelumma, C. Obi","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2018.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2018.0020","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing caesarean section rate is a source of concern to obstetricians due to the attendant increased health risk, its commonest complication is bleeding, which occasionally may be life threatening. Tranexamic acid has recently been investigated as a potentially useful adjunct for the prevention of maternal morbidity. The research aim to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid at reducing blood loss during elective caesarean section. The method used was a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial among women who had elective caesarean section at the Federal Teaching Hospital Abakaliki (FETHA) and Mile 4 Hospital Abakaliki. Data analysis was done using statistical Package for Social Science (IBM SPSS) software (version 20, Chicago II, USA). The results from the finding show that mean estimated blood loss was significantly lower in the tranexamic acid group (566.78±267.42 ml versus 819.09±348.36 ml, p 1000 ml was also significantly lower in the study group compared with the control group 5(8.8%) versus 16(27.6%); alternatively, 0.25; 95% CI 0.09 to 0.74; p=0.012. Tranexamic acid significantly reduced the need for additional uterotonics. However, the number of patients that had blood transfusion between had no difference and the maternal side effect profile was similar. Intravenous tranexamic acid significantly reduced blood loss at elective caesarean sections. It also reduced the risk of blood loss greater than 1000 ml and the need for additional uterotonics without increasing maternal risks. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Tranexamic acid, blood loss, elective caesarean section.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"10-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77978252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite postnatal care services significant role in improving maternal and new-born health, services are underutilized in most developing countries including Ethiopia. Utilization of postnatal care services in many countries is very low. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postnatal care service utilization and also, identify determinant factors of utilization of postnatal care services and assess the variation in the use of this service among different regions of Ethiopia. This was a cross-sectional study using 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data collected from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A total of 7,174 women (age 15-49) were included in the study. The outcome variable was the utilization of postnatal care services. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to select factors affecting utilization of postnatal care services in Ethiopia. A 50:50 mixture chi-square distributions were used to test random effects. Among 4385 women that deliver at home only 208 (4.7%) women received postnatal care within 42 days after their most recent delivery. Women who had at least four ANC visits during their last pregnancy (AOR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.05-2.09) were more likely to use postnatal care services than those who had no antenatal care visits. Women residing in urban were 2.67 times (95% CI: 1.41, 5.05) more likely to utilize postnatal care services within 42 days after delivery compared to their counterparts in the rural area. Low postnatal care utilization of mothers in Ethiopia was noticed. Programs to improve postnatal care services in Ethiopia must be designed with giving attention to women having low antenatal care visits, residing in rural area, having low wealth index and low educational level and also give attention to all geographical regions to allow pregnant women to fully benefit from postnatal care services. Key words: Postnatal care, multilevel regression analysis, Ethiopia.
{"title":"Utilization of Postnatal Care Services after home delivery in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Logistic Regression Analysis","authors":"Yebelay Berelie, E. Tesfa, Tizazu Bayko","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2018.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2018.0008","url":null,"abstract":"Despite postnatal care services significant role in improving maternal and new-born health, services are underutilized in most developing countries including Ethiopia. Utilization of postnatal care services in many countries is very low. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postnatal care service utilization and also, identify determinant factors of utilization of postnatal care services and assess the variation in the use of this service among different regions of Ethiopia. This was a cross-sectional study using 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data collected from January 18 to June 27, 2016. A total of 7,174 women (age 15-49) were included in the study. The outcome variable was the utilization of postnatal care services. A multilevel logistic regression model was fitted to select factors affecting utilization of postnatal care services in Ethiopia. A 50:50 mixture chi-square distributions were used to test random effects. Among 4385 women that deliver at home only 208 (4.7%) women received postnatal care within 42 days after their most recent delivery. Women who had at least four ANC visits during their last pregnancy (AOR=1.48, 95% CI: 1.05-2.09) were more likely to use postnatal care services than those who had no antenatal care visits. Women residing in urban were 2.67 times (95% CI: 1.41, 5.05) more likely to utilize postnatal care services within 42 days after delivery compared to their counterparts in the rural area. Low postnatal care utilization of mothers in Ethiopia was noticed. Programs to improve postnatal care services in Ethiopia must be designed with giving attention to women having low antenatal care visits, residing in rural area, having low wealth index and low educational level and also give attention to all geographical regions to allow pregnant women to fully benefit from postnatal care services. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Postnatal care, multilevel regression analysis, Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91107152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_41_18
H. Aweto, B. A. Tella, A. I. Lateef
Background: Cement factory workers are exposed to dangerous cement dust while at workplace especially in the developing countries where little or no safety standards are followed. This study investigated the work-related respiratory symptoms and cardiopulmonary functions' impairment in cement factory workers in South-West, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Seventy cement exposed workers and 70 age-matched unexposed individuals participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical details, and respiratory symptoms. Selected cardiopulmonary parameters of participants were measured. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Independent t-test was used to compare the selected cardiopulmonary parameters of the two groups. Results: The mean age of cement-exposed group was 31.57 ± 8.32 years, and the unexposed group was 31.50 ± 8.57 years. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among the cement-exposed group were as follows: 71.4% for cough, 45.7% for phlegm, 67.1% for wheeze, 38.6% for breathlessness, and 48.6% for chest tightness while those for the unexposed group were as follows: 50% for cough, 15.7% for phlegm, 5.7% for wheeze, 2.9% for breathlessness, and 7.1% for chest tightness. There were significant differences between the mean values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05) of the cement-exposed group and those of the unexposed group. Conclusion: Respiratory symptoms were higher among cement factory workers than the age-matched unexposed individuals. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate were reduced while blood pressure was increased in cement factory workers.
{"title":"Work-Related respiratory symptoms and cardiopulmonary function impairment of factory workers in a cement company in South-West Nigeria","authors":"H. Aweto, B. A. Tella, A. I. Lateef","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_41_18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_41_18","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cement factory workers are exposed to dangerous cement dust while at workplace especially in the developing countries where little or no safety standards are followed. This study investigated the work-related respiratory symptoms and cardiopulmonary functions' impairment in cement factory workers in South-West, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Seventy cement exposed workers and 70 age-matched unexposed individuals participated in this cross-sectional study. A self-administered questionnaire was used to assess their sociodemographic characteristics, clinical details, and respiratory symptoms. Selected cardiopulmonary parameters of participants were measured. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0. Independent t-test was used to compare the selected cardiopulmonary parameters of the two groups. Results: The mean age of cement-exposed group was 31.57 ± 8.32 years, and the unexposed group was 31.50 ± 8.57 years. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms among the cement-exposed group were as follows: 71.4% for cough, 45.7% for phlegm, 67.1% for wheeze, 38.6% for breathlessness, and 48.6% for chest tightness while those for the unexposed group were as follows: 50% for cough, 15.7% for phlegm, 5.7% for wheeze, 2.9% for breathlessness, and 7.1% for chest tightness. There were significant differences between the mean values of forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)/FVC ratio, peak expiratory flow rate, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (P < 0.05) of the cement-exposed group and those of the unexposed group. Conclusion: Respiratory symptoms were higher among cement factory workers than the age-matched unexposed individuals. FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, and peak expiratory flow rate were reduced while blood pressure was increased in cement factory workers.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"47 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86623618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_32_17
I. Maduka, Anthony I. Anakwuo, Nnamdi P. Ogueche
Introduction: Due to lack of treated water supply in major cities and settlements in Anambra state, Nigeria, majority of the population obtain potable water directly from boreholes, streams, sachet, harvested rain, and well water sources. Lead-laden potable water may be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Anambra state, Nigeria. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the presence of lead in potable water sources in Anambra state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Water samples were systematically collected from 81 water sampling sites in different senatorial zones of the state. Lead was estimated in the water samples using Varian AA240 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The mean levels of lead in the water samples in all the senatorial zones of the state were higher than the maximum contaminant limit (0.01 mg/L) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The mean level of lead in harvested rain, sachet, and stream waters (0.34 ± 0.23, 0.37 ± 0.08, and 0.23 ± 0.06 mg/L, respectively) was higher in Anambra South senatorial zone compared to the WHO maximum contaminant limit. Furthermore, Anambra South has higher (P < 0.001) mean lead level compared to the North and Central senatorial zones. Conclusion: This study reveals significantly high lead levels in potable water sources in Anambra state, Nigeria. The water samples should be well treated to remove this harmful toxic heavy metal which is very dangerous to health.
{"title":"Lead in potable water sources in Anambra State, South East, Nigeria","authors":"I. Maduka, Anthony I. Anakwuo, Nnamdi P. Ogueche","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_32_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_32_17","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Due to lack of treated water supply in major cities and settlements in Anambra state, Nigeria, majority of the population obtain potable water directly from boreholes, streams, sachet, harvested rain, and well water sources. Lead-laden potable water may be a major cause of mortality and morbidity in Anambra state, Nigeria. Objective: This study was conducted to determine the presence of lead in potable water sources in Anambra state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Water samples were systematically collected from 81 water sampling sites in different senatorial zones of the state. Lead was estimated in the water samples using Varian AA240 atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results: The mean levels of lead in the water samples in all the senatorial zones of the state were higher than the maximum contaminant limit (0.01 mg/L) set by the World Health Organization (WHO). The mean level of lead in harvested rain, sachet, and stream waters (0.34 ± 0.23, 0.37 ± 0.08, and 0.23 ± 0.06 mg/L, respectively) was higher in Anambra South senatorial zone compared to the WHO maximum contaminant limit. Furthermore, Anambra South has higher (P < 0.001) mean lead level compared to the North and Central senatorial zones. Conclusion: This study reveals significantly high lead levels in potable water sources in Anambra state, Nigeria. The water samples should be well treated to remove this harmful toxic heavy metal which is very dangerous to health.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"26 - 30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88410747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-30DOI: 10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_43_17
D. Joseph, C. Nzotta, Joseph Dimas Skam, M. Umar, Dambele Y. Musa
Background: Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) plays an important role in health-care delivery and radiation safety of patients. This study was carried out as part of a comprehensive project to establish DRLs for the radiological examinations for the first time in North Eastern Nigeria. Objective of the Study: The aim is to establish DRL for mammography examination in North Eastern Nigeria and to compare it with other established works. Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in two university teaching hospitals in North Eastern Nigeria. Sixty patients were recruited for the study. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips were exposed for craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral examinations to record the entrance skin dose (ESD). TLD readings were obtained at the Center for Energy Research and Training Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Dance formula was used to convert ESD to mean glandular dose (MGD). Student's t-test was used to determine the relationship between the mean ESD obtained in the two centers and Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship between the MGD and anthropotechnical parameters. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The total MGD for this study was 0.31 ± 0.05 mGy and 0.69 ± 0.11 mGy for CC and mediolateral oblique (MLO), respectively. DRL was 0.63 mGy and 1.04 mGy for CC and MLO, respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship (P > 0.05) between the MGD and anthropotechnical parameters. The DRL in this work were higher when compared with international established work. Conclusion: There is need for optimization of our radiology practice in North Eastern Nigeria and most centers in Nigeria.
{"title":"Diagnostic reference levels for mammography examinations in North Eastern Nigeria","authors":"D. Joseph, C. Nzotta, Joseph Dimas Skam, M. Umar, Dambele Y. Musa","doi":"10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_43_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ajmhs.ajmhs_43_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) plays an important role in health-care delivery and radiation safety of patients. This study was carried out as part of a comprehensive project to establish DRLs for the radiological examinations for the first time in North Eastern Nigeria. Objective of the Study: The aim is to establish DRL for mammography examination in North Eastern Nigeria and to compare it with other established works. Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in two university teaching hospitals in North Eastern Nigeria. Sixty patients were recruited for the study. Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) chips were exposed for craniocaudal (CC) and mediolateral examinations to record the entrance skin dose (ESD). TLD readings were obtained at the Center for Energy Research and Training Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Dance formula was used to convert ESD to mean glandular dose (MGD). Student's t-test was used to determine the relationship between the mean ESD obtained in the two centers and Pearson's correlation was used to determine the relationship between the MGD and anthropotechnical parameters. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: The total MGD for this study was 0.31 ± 0.05 mGy and 0.69 ± 0.11 mGy for CC and mediolateral oblique (MLO), respectively. DRL was 0.63 mGy and 1.04 mGy for CC and MLO, respectively. There was no statistically significant relationship (P > 0.05) between the MGD and anthropotechnical parameters. The DRL in this work were higher when compared with international established work. Conclusion: There is need for optimization of our radiology practice in North Eastern Nigeria and most centers in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"263 1","pages":"54 - 59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77488722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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