The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diaper rash and identify associated factors with diaper rash among children between 0 and 24 months of age in Adama Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with mothers using structured questionaries during face to face interview to assess risk factors associated with diaper rash. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and Chi-square test was used to establish the association between diaper rash and socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics at p-value <0.05. Multivariate logistic regressions are used to test the significancy of risk factors. About 62.5% (235/376) of children in the study had experienced diaper rash. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diarrhea (AOR=0.424; 95%CI=0.203-0.902; P=0.032), food types consumed by baby (AOR=0.21; 95%CI=0.050-0.882; P=0.033), use of barrier cream (AOR=0.012; 95%CI: 0.005-0.029; P=0.000) and frequency of diaper change (AOR=3.174; 95% CI=0.068-9.438; P=0.038) were among factors associated with diaper rash. In this study changing diaper frequently, using cream and breast feeding with baby formula milk were identified as a factor that reduce the prevalence of diaper rash whereas diarrhea was identified as a risk factor that aggravate diaper rash. Thus, educating mothers on the importance of breast feeding, use of cream and diaper change is useful. Key words: Diaper rash, prevalence, babies.
{"title":"Prevalence of diaper rash and associated factors among babies aged 0 to 24 months in Adama Administrative City, Central Ethiopia: A cross sectional study","authors":"Siraj Jewaro, Yemane G. Mariam, B. Ali","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0125","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of diaper rash and identify associated factors with diaper rash among children between 0 and 24 months of age in Adama Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted with mothers using structured questionaries during face to face interview to assess risk factors associated with diaper rash. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and Chi-square test was used to establish the association between diaper rash and socio-demographic and socio-economic characteristics at p-value <0.05. Multivariate logistic regressions are used to test the significancy of risk factors. About 62.5% (235/376) of children in the study had experienced diaper rash. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diarrhea (AOR=0.424; 95%CI=0.203-0.902; P=0.032), food types consumed by baby (AOR=0.21; 95%CI=0.050-0.882; P=0.033), use of barrier cream (AOR=0.012; 95%CI: 0.005-0.029; P=0.000) and frequency of diaper change (AOR=3.174; 95% CI=0.068-9.438; P=0.038) were among factors associated with diaper rash. In this study changing diaper frequently, using cream and breast feeding with baby formula milk were identified as a factor that reduce the prevalence of diaper rash whereas diarrhea was identified as a risk factor that aggravate diaper rash. Thus, educating mothers on the importance of breast feeding, use of cream and diaper change is useful. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diaper rash, prevalence, babies.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"53-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78952134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stillbirths are major components of perinatal mortalities in Nigeria. The study objectives are to determine the feto-maternal factors associated with antepartum intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFDs) leading to stillbirths as well as compare selected clinical characteristics with normal live births. This prospective observational study was conducted in a free service public hospital in south-western Nigeria. Parturients with antepartum IUFDs had midwives conduct anthropometric measurements and physical examinations on the stillborn babies. Clinical details of two subsequent live births were recorded for comparison. Data was analysed using SPSS v. 23. During the study, there were 3,342 births out of which 243 were stillbirths (72.7 per 1000 births). Antepartum IUFDs resulting in stillbirths were 74 out of which 35 (47%) had identifiable causative factors, mainly placental abruption and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) while the rest were unexplained. Analyses also revealed that lack of antenatal care and intrauterine growth restriction were associated with stillbirths. Placental abruption and HDPs were the commonest known causes of antepartum IUFDs. Therefore, the promotion of universal access to qualitative antenatal care is advocated. In addition, use of customised fetal growth charts should be institutionalised for early identification of growth restriction. Key words: Antepartum, fetal death, stillbirth, free maternity services, south-western Nigeria.
死产是尼日利亚围产期死亡的主要组成部分。研究目的是确定与产前宫内胎儿死亡(IUFDs)导致死产相关的胎母因素，并将选定的临床特征与正常活产进行比较。这项前瞻性观察研究是在尼日利亚西南部一家免费服务的公立医院进行的。产前使用宫内节育器的产妇让助产士对死产婴儿进行人体测量和体格检查。记录两例后续活产的临床细节进行比较。数据分析使用SPSS v. 23。在研究期间，有3342例分娩，其中243例为死产(每1000例分娩72.7例)。产前宫内节育器导致死产74例，其中35例(47%)有可识别的病因，主要是胎盘早剥和妊娠期高血压疾病(hdp)，其余原因不明。分析还显示，缺乏产前护理和宫内生长限制与死产有关。胎盘早剥和HDPs是产前宫内节育器最常见的原因。因此，提倡促进普遍获得优质产前保健。此外，应制度化使用定制的胎儿生长图表，以便早期识别生长限制。关键词:产前，死胎，死产，免费助产服务，尼日利亚西南部
{"title":"Singleton stillbirths in a tertiary public hospital offering free maternity services in southwest Nigeria: A one-year review","authors":"Oladiran Ayodeji, O. Lawal","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0143","url":null,"abstract":"Stillbirths are major components of perinatal mortalities in Nigeria. The study objectives are to determine the feto-maternal factors associated with antepartum intrauterine fetal deaths (IUFDs) leading to stillbirths as well as compare selected clinical characteristics with normal live births. This prospective observational study was conducted in a free service public hospital in south-western Nigeria. Parturients with antepartum IUFDs had midwives conduct anthropometric measurements and physical examinations on the stillborn babies. Clinical details of two subsequent live births were recorded for comparison. Data was analysed using SPSS v. 23. During the study, there were 3,342 births out of which 243 were stillbirths (72.7 per 1000 births). Antepartum IUFDs resulting in stillbirths were 74 out of which 35 (47%) had identifiable causative factors, mainly placental abruption and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDPs) while the rest were unexplained. Analyses also revealed that lack of antenatal care and intrauterine growth restriction were associated with stillbirths. Placental abruption and HDPs were the commonest known causes of antepartum IUFDs. Therefore, the promotion of universal access to qualitative antenatal care is advocated. In addition, use of customised fetal growth charts should be institutionalised for early identification of growth restriction. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antepartum, fetal death, stillbirth, free maternity services, south-western Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"124 1","pages":"62-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77333975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Omisakin Olatunde Oluleke, A. Godwin, F. Benjamin, Ogunsina Modupe, S. Yates
Tumours of the minor salivary glands occurring in the oral cavity are uncommon. The oral cavity has many tiny salivary glands which occur in the lip, palate, floor of the mouth, cheeks, tongue and pharynx. Tumour could develop from any of these minor salivary glands. We conducted a retrospective study of twenty-four cases of these tumours treated in our Centre over a period of eleven years. The objective of this study is to investigate the nature, clinical features, pathology, and treatment of these tumours in North-West, Nigeria. This was a retrospective study of all patients with minor salivary gland tumours that were treated at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. The study covered a period of eleven years from January, 2009 to December, 2019. Information was extracted from case files of patients. Data collected includes: age of patient at presentation, sex, location of tumour, clinical features, treatment giving, complications and histological diagnosis. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 70 years, with the mean SD = 43.0 ± 6.6 years and male-to-female ratio was 1: 2. Benign tumours were the most common compared to malignancies. Palate was the commonest site of occurrence; followed by upper lip. The treatment was surgical excision. Palatal fistula was the commonest complication of the surgery. Tumour of minor salivary glands need urgent attention as it greatly interferes with oral functions and could destroy maxillary bone resulting in untoward debilitating effect. Key words: Salivary glands, tumour, intraoral, palate, benign, malignant.
{"title":"Salivary gland tumours in the intraoral region: A retrospective study of cases treated in a teaching hospital in North-West Nigeria","authors":"Omisakin Olatunde Oluleke, A. Godwin, F. Benjamin, Ogunsina Modupe, S. Yates","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2021.0146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2021.0146","url":null,"abstract":"Tumours of the minor salivary glands occurring in the oral cavity are uncommon. The oral cavity has many tiny salivary glands which occur in the lip, palate, floor of the mouth, cheeks, tongue and pharynx. Tumour could develop from any of these minor salivary glands. We conducted a retrospective study of twenty-four cases of these tumours treated in our Centre over a period of eleven years. The objective of this study is to investigate the nature, clinical features, pathology, and treatment of these tumours in North-West, Nigeria. This was a retrospective study of all patients with minor salivary gland tumours that were treated at Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna, Nigeria. The study covered a period of eleven years from January, 2009 to December, 2019. Information was extracted from case files of patients. Data collected includes: age of patient at presentation, sex, location of tumour, clinical features, treatment giving, complications and histological diagnosis. The age of the patients ranged from 16 to 70 years, with the mean SD = 43.0 ± 6.6 years and male-to-female ratio was 1: 2. Benign tumours were the most common compared to malignancies. Palate was the commonest site of occurrence; followed by upper lip. The treatment was surgical excision. Palatal fistula was the commonest complication of the surgery. Tumour of minor salivary glands need urgent attention as it greatly interferes with oral functions and could destroy maxillary bone resulting in untoward debilitating effect. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Salivary glands, tumour, intraoral, palate, benign, malignant.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"47-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75420545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Birth injury is an important cause of short and long-term deformity and disability in children. It is becoming an increasing source of litigation in developing countries. Exploring the magnitude of the problem in a resource-limited setting, and, identifying associated factors, will help reduce its occurrence. This surveillance for birth injuries is a 4-year prospective study conducted in the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) between 2013 and 2017. Newborns with birth injuries and controls delivered around the same time with similar clinic-anthropometric parameters were enrolled for this study. One thousand nine hundred and twenty newborns were seen during the study period. Forty-six birth injuries were recorded giving in-hospital incidence rate of 24.0 (CI 17.3-30.9) per 1000 live birth. Majority (64.1%) of the injuries seen were related to the scalp. The commonest birth injuries encountered included Caput Succedaneum (41.2), Cephalohematoma (22.9), Erb’s Palsy (17.4), and shoulder dislocation (6.5). One case fatality (2.5%) due to skull fracture secondary to forceps delivery was noted. Birth weight (P=0.034), perinatal asphyxia (P=0.001) and prolonged labour (P=0.001) were significantly associated with birth injuries in the newborns surveyed. Birth injury remains a common and serious medical issue in our setting. Being proactive during antenatal care and labour could go a long way in minimizing the incidence of birth injuries and its consequences on children especially in the presence of risk factors such as high birth weight, perinatal asphyxia and prolonged labour. Key words: Birth injuries, newborns, delivery, Enugu.
{"title":"Birth injuries in newborn: A prospective study of deliveries in South-East Nigeria","authors":"Ekwochi Uchenna, O. Chidiebere, A. Nwabueze","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2021.0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2021.0149","url":null,"abstract":"Birth injury is an important cause of short and long-term deformity and disability in children. It is becoming an increasing source of litigation in developing countries. Exploring the magnitude of the problem in a resource-limited setting, and, identifying associated factors, will help reduce its occurrence. This surveillance for birth injuries is a 4-year prospective study conducted in the Enugu State University Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) between 2013 and 2017. Newborns with birth injuries and controls delivered around the same time with similar clinic-anthropometric parameters were enrolled for this study. One thousand nine hundred and twenty newborns were seen during the study period. Forty-six birth injuries were recorded giving in-hospital incidence rate of 24.0 (CI 17.3-30.9) per 1000 live birth. Majority (64.1%) of the injuries seen were related to the scalp. The commonest birth injuries encountered included Caput Succedaneum (41.2), Cephalohematoma (22.9), Erb’s Palsy (17.4), and shoulder dislocation (6.5). One case fatality (2.5%) due to skull fracture secondary to forceps delivery was noted. Birth weight (P=0.034), perinatal asphyxia (P=0.001) and prolonged labour (P=0.001) were significantly associated with birth injuries in the newborns surveyed. Birth injury remains a common and serious medical issue in our setting. Being proactive during antenatal care and labour could go a long way in minimizing the incidence of birth injuries and its consequences on children especially in the presence of risk factors such as high birth weight, perinatal asphyxia and prolonged labour. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Birth injuries, newborns, delivery, Enugu.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"41-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75947706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The emergence and spread of anti-tuberculosis-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis presently represents a real challenge to the WHO's End TB by 2035 strategy. Through this study, we wanted to determine the current prevalence of primary and secondary resistance to first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs at the Pasteur Institute in Bangui. Cultures and sensitivity tests were carried out for 6 months (July - December 2018) in 225 consenting tuberculosis patients. The prevalence was 4.1% in new cases and 25.2% in retreatment cases. Previous exposure to treatment has been the risk factor for the development of drug resistance. The resistance profile showed that 73.2% of patients were multidrug resistant (MDR) and 34.2% of retreatment patients presented resistance to all first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs; moreover, of the three new cases with resistance to anti-TB medicines, two showed multiple resistance, associating rifampicin and isoniazid. Surveillance of resistance to anti-tuberculosis drugs at the national level is necessary because it will allow better control of tuberculosis in the Central African Republic. Key words: News cases, retreatement, MDR-TB, Risk factor, Bangui.
Unskilled Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA) is prevalent in rural Nigeria due to communal culture and traditions, their compassionate attitude, and non-availability of appropriate health facilities within the communities. Yet, there is no clear framework defining their roles, locations and practices. This study aimed to identify the pattern and practices of TBA in Nsukka area of Enugu State, and evaluate their roles in rural maternity services in Enugu state of Nigeria. This was a mixed method cross sectional study involving a questionnaire-based survey and Focus group discussions (FGD). Seventy-eight TBAs, were recruited for this study. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and a semi-structured discussion guide was used for the FGD – one FGD for each development center. SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. Records of FGD sessions were transcribed, condensed into themes, and analyzed. A total of 78 TBAs were interviewed, 26 from each of the three development areas. Majority (66.0%) completed primary education while 9.0% did not have any formal education. Almost two-third (65.4%) uses exclusively traditional methods in their practice, whereas 34.5% combined orthodox method. Three focused group discussions showed almost all the TBAs in the study could neither identify different complications and when to refer nor signs separating different stages of labour. Poorly educated TBA in the Nsukka area of Enugu State combines orthodox medicine with herbs and traditional healing methods. Their appreciation and management of danger pregnancy signs and referral system are lacking. Key words: Traditional birth attendants, healthcare, Nsukka, informal health, Labor.
{"title":"Orthodox and unorthodox practices by traditional birth attendants in Nsukka area of Enugu State, Southeast Nigeria","authors":"G. Ugwu, E. Nwobodo, G. Ezema, C. Onah, O. Umeora","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0120","url":null,"abstract":"Unskilled Traditional Birth Attendants (TBA) is prevalent in rural Nigeria due to communal culture and traditions, their compassionate attitude, and non-availability of appropriate health facilities within the communities. Yet, there is no clear framework defining their roles, locations and practices. This study aimed to identify the pattern and practices of TBA in Nsukka area of Enugu State, and evaluate their roles in rural maternity services in Enugu state of Nigeria. This was a mixed method cross sectional study involving a questionnaire-based survey and Focus group discussions (FGD). Seventy-eight TBAs, were recruited for this study. Structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data and a semi-structured discussion guide was used for the FGD – one FGD for each development center. SPSS version 25 was used for statistical analysis. Records of FGD sessions were transcribed, condensed into themes, and analyzed. A total of 78 TBAs were interviewed, 26 from each of the three development areas. Majority (66.0%) completed primary education while 9.0% did not have any formal education. Almost two-third (65.4%) uses exclusively traditional methods in their practice, whereas 34.5% combined orthodox method. Three focused group discussions showed almost all the TBAs in the study could neither identify different complications and when to refer nor signs separating different stages of labour. Poorly educated TBA in the Nsukka area of Enugu State combines orthodox medicine with herbs and traditional healing methods. Their appreciation and management of danger pregnancy signs and referral system are lacking. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Traditional birth attendants, healthcare, Nsukka, informal health, Labor.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"27-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79119806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preconception care are interventions that help in identifying maternal and fetal risk factors that could be prevented and managed in order to reduce materno-fetal morbidities and mortality. The study determined the predictors of knowledge, attitude, and practice of preconception care among women at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study conducted among 414 antenatal attendees using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 with level of significant set at p<0.05. Above half of the respondents (59.9%) have a good knowledge and positive attitude 223(53.9%) towards preconception care while only 78(18.8%) practiced it. Predictors of good knowledge of preconception care were educational status (OR= 2.350, 95% CI= 1.18-4.70), occupation (OR=5.31, 95% CI=0.42-19.91) and (OR=2.63, 95% CI=0.36-5.10), age at first pregnancy (OR=0.15, 95% CI= 0.04-0.55) and history of contraception use (OR=2.15, 95% CI= 1.32-3.51). Marital status (OR=2.93, 95% CI= 1.04-8.29), occupation (OR=4.01, 95% CI= 1.09-14.79) and history of contraception use (OR=3.00, 95% CI= 1.90-4.72) determined their positive attitude. Factors predicting practice of preconception care were age (OR=0.52, 95% CI= 0.29-0.92), occupation (OR=6.22, 95% CI= 1.70-22.73) and age at first delivery (OR=0.12, 95% CI= 0.02-0.60). Occupation, level of education, age at first delivery, and history of contraception use predicted knowledge, attitude and practice of preconception care. Counseling and educating women on the importance of practicing preconception care will increase their uptake of the service and subsequently lead to reduction in the high maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in our environment. Key words: Preconception care, knowledge, attitude, uptake.
{"title":"Preconception care: What women know, think and do","authors":"A. Adeyemo, O. Bello","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0040","url":null,"abstract":"Preconception care are interventions that help in identifying maternal and fetal risk factors that could be prevented and managed in order to reduce materno-fetal morbidities and mortality. The study determined the predictors of knowledge, attitude, and practice of preconception care among women at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study conducted among 414 antenatal attendees using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20.0 with level of significant set at p<0.05. Above half of the respondents (59.9%) have a good knowledge and positive attitude 223(53.9%) towards preconception care while only 78(18.8%) practiced it. Predictors of good knowledge of preconception care were educational status (OR= 2.350, 95% CI= 1.18-4.70), occupation (OR=5.31, 95% CI=0.42-19.91) and (OR=2.63, 95% CI=0.36-5.10), age at first pregnancy (OR=0.15, 95% CI= 0.04-0.55) and history of contraception use (OR=2.15, 95% CI= 1.32-3.51). Marital status (OR=2.93, 95% CI= 1.04-8.29), occupation (OR=4.01, 95% CI= 1.09-14.79) and history of contraception use (OR=3.00, 95% CI= 1.90-4.72) determined their positive attitude. Factors predicting practice of preconception care were age (OR=0.52, 95% CI= 0.29-0.92), occupation (OR=6.22, 95% CI= 1.70-22.73) and age at first delivery (OR=0.12, 95% CI= 0.02-0.60). Occupation, level of education, age at first delivery, and history of contraception use predicted knowledge, attitude and practice of preconception care. Counseling and educating women on the importance of practicing preconception care will increase their uptake of the service and subsequently lead to reduction in the high maternal and infant morbidity and mortality in our environment. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Preconception care, knowledge, attitude, uptake.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"146 1","pages":"18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77728082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Oku, N. Mkpanam, N. Ekpenyong, A. Isika, A. U. Akpakpan
HIV serostatus disclosure is a challenging but yet an important step necessary for all people living with HIV/AIDS. However, divulging such sensitive information by people Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) may be linked with severe consequences which poses as a hindrance to seeking treatment and adherence. This study therefore aims to determine the prevalence and identify determinants of HIV status disclosure among PLHIV accessing treatment in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Cross River state, Nigeria. A cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted among patients attending the special treatment clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). A total of 411 PLHIV accessing treatment in UCTH during the period of study were interviewed. A semi-structured, pretested, interviewer administered questionnaire was employed to obtain Information from participants. Data were summarized using proportions, and chi-square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables. Independent risk factors of disclosure were identified using binary logistic regression while the significance level was set at p<0.05. The overall mean age of PLHIV accessing treatment in UCTH was 35.7± 9.32 years. Females made up more than two-thirds (68.6%) of the study population. The self-reported disclosure rate in this study was 92.2%. The main reasons reported by PLHIV for non-disclosure include, fear of abandonment and violence. Logistic regression analysis revealed perceived social support [OR 12.3; CI: 4.22-12.5] and having a positive spouse [OR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.90-5.03] as major predictors for disclosing one’s HIV status. Although the disclosure rate in this study was relatively good, disclosure-enhancing interventions should aim to reduce stigma/discrimination towards PLHIV and improve social support. Key words: Disclosure, HIV, AIDS, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, tertiary health care.
{"title":"Predictors of HIV disclosure amongst people living with HIV/AIDS at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Oku, N. Mkpanam, N. Ekpenyong, A. Isika, A. U. Akpakpan","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0113","url":null,"abstract":"HIV serostatus disclosure is a challenging but yet an important step necessary for all people living with HIV/AIDS. However, divulging such sensitive information by people Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHIV) may be linked with severe consequences which poses as a hindrance to seeking treatment and adherence. This study therefore aims to determine the prevalence and identify determinants of HIV status disclosure among PLHIV accessing treatment in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar, Cross River state, Nigeria. A cross- sectional descriptive study was conducted among patients attending the special treatment clinic of the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH). A total of 411 PLHIV accessing treatment in UCTH during the period of study were interviewed. A semi-structured, pretested, interviewer administered questionnaire was employed to obtain Information from participants. Data were summarized using proportions, and chi-square test was used to determine associations between categorical variables. Independent risk factors of disclosure were identified using binary logistic regression while the significance level was set at p<0.05. The overall mean age of PLHIV accessing treatment in UCTH was 35.7± 9.32 years. Females made up more than two-thirds (68.6%) of the study population. The self-reported disclosure rate in this study was 92.2%. The main reasons reported by PLHIV for non-disclosure include, fear of abandonment and violence. Logistic regression analysis revealed perceived social support [OR 12.3; CI: 4.22-12.5] and having a positive spouse [OR 2.57; 95% CI: 1.90-5.03] as major predictors for disclosing one’s HIV status. Although the disclosure rate in this study was relatively good, disclosure-enhancing interventions should aim to reduce stigma/discrimination towards PLHIV and improve social support. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Disclosure, HIV, AIDS, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria, tertiary health care.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"8-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77269879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Olubosede Omolayo Adebukola, Oseni Saheed Babajide, Aladekomo Theophilus Adesola, B. Emmanuel, A. Morenike, Okunnuga Ndidi Aishat
Convulsion evokes a lot of fear in mothers and caregivers whenever it occurs. They even think that their child is dying. Many interventions are often carried out because of anxiety and limited knowledge. The aim of this study is to examine the interventions instituted by caregivers for children with convulsions before presentation in the hospital for treatment. We prospectively studied all the 276 children that presented to the emergency room with convulsion over a period of seven months and the care administered at home before presenting in the hospital was noted. One hundred and nine (39.5%) of the children had water poured on them during convulsion. Substances administered orally were; salt 32 (11.6%), onions 14 (5.1%), palm oil 3 (1.1%) and herbal concoctions 13 (4.7%), of which two contained cow urine. Metal spoons were used as mouth gag in 41 (14.9%) of subjects while 29 (10.5%) children had intramuscular (IM) injections given by health workers at home (eight) in various health centres (15) and hospitals (6). Other interventions were scarifications and drinking of their mothers’ urine. While 40 (14.5%) children had more than one treatment given to them before their arrival, 99 (35.9%) had no treatment given before their arrival. Caregivers continue to carry out various interventions at home for convulsions in children. Majority of the interventions are not beneficial while some are harmful. There is, therefore, need to continue to educate caregivers on the appropriate prehospital interventions of convulsions in children before presenting in the hospital. Key words: Convulsion, pre-hospital interventions.
{"title":"Pre-hospital management of childhood convulsions in Ilesa, South-west, Nigeria","authors":"Olubosede Omolayo Adebukola, Oseni Saheed Babajide, Aladekomo Theophilus Adesola, B. Emmanuel, A. Morenike, Okunnuga Ndidi Aishat","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0132","url":null,"abstract":"Convulsion evokes a lot of fear in mothers and caregivers whenever it occurs. They even think that their child is dying. Many interventions are often carried out because of anxiety and limited knowledge. The aim of this study is to examine the interventions instituted by caregivers for children with convulsions before presentation in the hospital for treatment. We prospectively studied all the 276 children that presented to the emergency room with convulsion over a period of seven months and the care administered at home before presenting in the hospital was noted. One hundred and nine (39.5%) of the children had water poured on them during convulsion. Substances administered orally were; salt 32 (11.6%), onions 14 (5.1%), palm oil 3 (1.1%) and herbal concoctions 13 (4.7%), of which two contained cow urine. Metal spoons were used as mouth gag in 41 (14.9%) of subjects while 29 (10.5%) children had intramuscular (IM) injections given by health workers at home (eight) in various health centres (15) and hospitals (6). Other interventions were scarifications and drinking of their mothers’ urine. While 40 (14.5%) children had more than one treatment given to them before their arrival, 99 (35.9%) had no treatment given before their arrival. Caregivers continue to carry out various interventions at home for convulsions in children. Majority of the interventions are not beneficial while some are harmful. There is, therefore, need to continue to educate caregivers on the appropriate prehospital interventions of convulsions in children before presenting in the hospital. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Convulsion, pre-hospital interventions.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"145 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75865246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods, including intrauterine contraceptives and subdermal implants, are some of the most effective contraceptive methods available. They are known to be convenience, cost effective and suitable for many women. The study aims to determine the trends and uptake of long acting reversible contraception in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, assess the characteristics of the acceptors and identify the reason for discontinuation of the methods. A 5 years retrospective study was conducted at the family planning clinic of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2019. Case notes for all acceptors of LARC were retrieved. Data extracted include socio demographic characteristics of acceptors, previous contraceptive use and reason for discontinuation after one year of use; statistical significance was tested using chi-square. The results showed that 4064 new clients accepted the available family planning methods in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, during the study period. Out of this, 43.1% accepted sub dermal implant, and only 9.0% uses intra uterine contraceptive device (IUCD). Findings further revealed that there is a significant relationship (P<0.05) between uptake of LARCs and related socio demographic characteristics in this study. This means that adolescent are less likely to use LARC so also those of low parity. Reason for discontinuation include desire for more children, irregular menses, and contraceptive faire; husband refusal, weigh gain, infection and missing string of IUCD. The rising uptake of subdermal implant in this study is encouraging, however there is a low uptake of IUCD and adolescent are less likely to use LARC. Some clients discontinue the methods within one year of use. Therefore appropriate counseling, follow up care and management of side effects and clients inconveniences, involving men in reproductive health are important in reducing the rate of discontinuation and improved the uptake of LARC. Key words: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), reason for discontinuation, Nigeria.
{"title":"Uptake and reason for discontinuation of long-acting reversible contraception in a tertiary hospital: A 5 years retrospective review","authors":"B. Isa, S. Ibrahim, M. Mandara, B. Bako","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0111","url":null,"abstract":"Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods, including intrauterine contraceptives and subdermal implants, are some of the most effective contraceptive methods available. They are known to be convenience, cost effective and suitable for many women. The study aims to determine the trends and uptake of long acting reversible contraception in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, assess the characteristics of the acceptors and identify the reason for discontinuation of the methods. A 5 years retrospective study was conducted at the family planning clinic of University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2019. Case notes for all acceptors of LARC were retrieved. Data extracted include socio demographic characteristics of acceptors, previous contraceptive use and reason for discontinuation after one year of use; statistical significance was tested using chi-square. The results showed that 4064 new clients accepted the available family planning methods in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, during the study period. Out of this, 43.1% accepted sub dermal implant, and only 9.0% uses intra uterine contraceptive device (IUCD). Findings further revealed that there is a significant relationship (P<0.05) between uptake of LARCs and related socio demographic characteristics in this study. This means that adolescent are less likely to use LARC so also those of low parity. Reason for discontinuation include desire for more children, irregular menses, and contraceptive faire; husband refusal, weigh gain, infection and missing string of IUCD. The rising uptake of subdermal implant in this study is encouraging, however there is a low uptake of IUCD and adolescent are less likely to use LARC. Some clients discontinue the methods within one year of use. Therefore appropriate counseling, follow up care and management of side effects and clients inconveniences, involving men in reproductive health are important in reducing the rate of discontinuation and improved the uptake of LARC. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), reason for discontinuation, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"142-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91180534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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