I. Nwafor, C. C. Onwura, C. Obi, B. Akanni, I. Gold, J. Eze
Carotid artery injuries with pseudo-aneurysm are uncommon but associated with central neurologic dysfunction. We present a 26-year-old man with a giant bleeding pseudo-aneurysm of right common carotid artery managed by emergency sternotomy, neck exploration and repair of the aneurysm. On the right side of the neck was a 10 × 8 cm mass occupying almost the entire posterior triangle. It was pulsatile, tender with sinus discharging serosanguinous fluid. Positive thrill and bruit were demonstrable over the mass. Conventional Computerized Angiography (CTA) and Distal Subtraction Angiography (DSA) showed a 1 cm defect in the lateral wall of the distal right common carotid artery (RCCA), complete circle of Willis and massive blood clot at the site of the defect. In middle-and low-income settings where the technical know-how and resources for stenting including cerebral oximeter are not available, expertise in open surgical approach becomes the only way to save life. Key words: Diagnosis, equipment, surgery, treatment, pseudoaneurysm, carotid artery, rupture.
{"title":"Management of ruptured pseudoaneurysm of the right common carotid artery in a resource-limited setting (Case report)","authors":"I. Nwafor, C. C. Onwura, C. Obi, B. Akanni, I. Gold, J. Eze","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2021.0180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2021.0180","url":null,"abstract":"Carotid artery injuries with pseudo-aneurysm are uncommon but associated with central neurologic dysfunction. We present a 26-year-old man with a giant bleeding pseudo-aneurysm of right common carotid artery managed by emergency sternotomy, neck exploration and repair of the aneurysm. On the right side of the neck was a 10 × 8 cm mass occupying almost the entire posterior triangle. It was pulsatile, tender with sinus discharging serosanguinous fluid. Positive thrill and bruit were demonstrable over the mass. Conventional Computerized Angiography (CTA) and Distal Subtraction Angiography (DSA) showed a 1 cm defect in the lateral wall of the distal right common carotid artery (RCCA), complete circle of Willis and massive blood clot at the site of the defect. In middle-and low-income settings where the technical know-how and resources for stenting including cerebral oximeter are not available, expertise in open surgical approach becomes the only way to save life. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Diagnosis, equipment, surgery, treatment, pseudoaneurysm, carotid artery, rupture.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"151-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88572187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hassan, S. Habib, P. Ebisike, R. Sani, E. Bashir, S. Umar, A. Lawan
Albinism is a heterogenous group of disorders of melanin synthesis or distribution that is genetically inherited. Refractive errors are common in participants with albinism and high values have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of refractive errors in people living with albinism in North-Western Nigeria. This was a prospective hospital-based study, carried out over 12 months from April 2017-March 2018 (12 months) whereby persons with albinism from Kano and Jigawa states were recruited. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical review board of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. A structured proforma was used to record findings of history, examination and subjective and objective refraction were measured for each patient. Data was analysed using the statistical software SPSS version 20.0. A total of 61 participants with 122 eyes were examined. There were 32 males and 29 females (M: F= 1:1.1). Their ages ranged from 19 months to 60 years with a mean age of 16.77 ± 12.82 years. The pattern of refractive errors was hypermetropic astigmatism (38.90%), myopic astigmatism (30.60%), hypermetropia (8.30%) and mixed astigmatism (4%). Refractive errors are common in participants with albinism. In this study hypermetropic astigmatism is the most common refractive error. Key words: Albinism, pattern, refractive error.
{"title":"Pattern of refractive errors in persons with albinism in two states of North-Western Nigeria","authors":"S. Hassan, S. Habib, P. Ebisike, R. Sani, E. Bashir, S. Umar, A. Lawan","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2021.0156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2021.0156","url":null,"abstract":"Albinism is a heterogenous group of disorders of melanin synthesis or distribution that is genetically inherited. Refractive errors are common in participants with albinism and high values have been reported. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of refractive errors in people living with albinism in North-Western Nigeria. This was a prospective hospital-based study, carried out over 12 months from April 2017-March 2018 (12 months) whereby persons with albinism from Kano and Jigawa states were recruited. Ethical approval was obtained from the ethical review board of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. A structured proforma was used to record findings of history, examination and subjective and objective refraction were measured for each patient. Data was analysed using the statistical software SPSS version 20.0. A total of 61 participants with 122 eyes were examined. There were 32 males and 29 females (M: F= 1:1.1). Their ages ranged from 19 months to 60 years with a mean age of 16.77 ± 12.82 years. The pattern of refractive errors was hypermetropic astigmatism (38.90%), myopic astigmatism (30.60%), hypermetropia (8.30%) and mixed astigmatism (4%). Refractive errors are common in participants with albinism. In this study hypermetropic astigmatism is the most common refractive error. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Albinism, pattern, refractive error.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"52 1","pages":"138-144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91264128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Obesity occurs when Body Mass Index (BMI) of an individual is above 30.0 with several effects on hematological indices and procoagulants hence, this study aims to evaluate correlation of BMI with hematological indices and procoagulants among people with obesity. This was a cross sectional and descriptive study carried out at Central Hospital, Sapele, General Hospital, Oghara and Biomed Diagnostic Centre, Sapele in Southern Nigeria. 415 subjects with age between 18 and 65years were enrolled for this study including 312 obese experimental subjects (comprising of 111males and 201females) and 103 non-obese normal control subjects (comprising 40males and 63females). 5.0mls of venous blood was collected from all subjects into EDTA container for Full Blood Count determination using Sysmex XN330 automated hematology analyzer and plasma procoagulant level was determined using ELISA method. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 21.0 software. The collated results were expressed as mean and standard deviation. BMI had a significant correlation with NLR at P<0.05 while PLR, MPV, PDW and Platocrit had no significant correlation with BMI. Correlation matrix of the relationship between BMI and procoagulant parameters reveals that, BMI had significant correlation with TF, sVCAM, and vWFAg at P<0.05. While, FG, tPA and PAI had no significant correlation with BMI at P<0.05. BMI had significant correlation with NLR, TF, sVCAM, and vWFAg while PLR, MPV, PDW, Platocrit, FG, tPA and PAI had no significant correlation with BMI among people with obesity. Key words: Body mass index (BMI), hematology indices, procoagulants, Sapele, Nigeria.
肥胖发生在个体的身体质量指数(Body Mass Index, BMI)高于30.0时，对血液指标和促凝剂有多种影响，因此本研究旨在评价肥胖人群BMI与血液指标和促凝剂的相关性。这是一项横断面描述性研究，在尼日利亚南部Sapele的中央医院、综合医院、Oghara和生物医学诊断中心进行。415名年龄在18至65岁之间的受试者参加了这项研究，其中包括312名肥胖实验受试者(包括111名男性和201名女性)和103名非肥胖正常对照受试者(包括40名男性和63名女性)。采集所有受试者静脉血5.0ml，送入EDTA容器，采用Sysmex XN330全自动血液学分析仪测定全血细胞计数，ELISA法测定血浆促凝剂水平。数据分析使用Microsoft Excel 2010和IBM SPSS 21.0版统计软件包进行。整理后的结果以平均值和标准差表示。BMI与NLR有显著相关性(P<0.05)，而PLR、MPV、PDW、Platocrit与BMI无显著相关性。BMI与促凝剂参数关系的相关矩阵显示，BMI与TF、sVCAM、vWFAg相关性显著(P<0.05)。而FG、tPA、PAI与BMI无显著相关性(P<0.05)。肥胖人群的BMI与NLR、TF、sVCAM、vWFAg有显著相关性，而PLR、MPV、PDW、Platocrit、FG、tPA、PAI与BMI无显著相关性。关键词:体质指数(BMI)，血液学指标，促凝剂，Sapele，尼日利亚
{"title":"Correlation of body mass index (BMI) with hematological indices and procoagulants among people with obesity in Sapele, Southern Nigeria","authors":"K. Amaihunwa, E. Etim, E. Osime, Z. Jeremiah","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2021.0178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2021.0178","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity occurs when Body Mass Index (BMI) of an individual is above 30.0 with several effects on hematological indices and procoagulants hence, this study aims to evaluate correlation of BMI with hematological indices and procoagulants among people with obesity. This was a cross sectional and descriptive study carried out at Central Hospital, Sapele, General Hospital, Oghara and Biomed Diagnostic Centre, Sapele in Southern Nigeria. 415 subjects with age between 18 and 65years were enrolled for this study including 312 obese experimental subjects (comprising of 111males and 201females) and 103 non-obese normal control subjects (comprising 40males and 63females). 5.0mls of venous blood was collected from all subjects into EDTA container for Full Blood Count determination using Sysmex XN330 automated hematology analyzer and plasma procoagulant level was determined using ELISA method. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistical Package for Social Sciences (IBM SPSS) version 21.0 software. The collated results were expressed as mean and standard deviation. BMI had a significant correlation with NLR at P<0.05 while PLR, MPV, PDW and Platocrit had no significant correlation with BMI. Correlation matrix of the relationship between BMI and procoagulant parameters reveals that, BMI had significant correlation with TF, sVCAM, and vWFAg at P<0.05. While, FG, tPA and PAI had no significant correlation with BMI at P<0.05. BMI had significant correlation with NLR, TF, sVCAM, and vWFAg while PLR, MPV, PDW, Platocrit, FG, tPA and PAI had no significant correlation with BMI among people with obesity. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Body mass index (BMI), hematology indices, procoagulants, Sapele, Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"145-150"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76326341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Palliative care as a component of universal health care is still evolving in Nigeria and a high proportion of patients with life-limiting illnesses have no access to such essential service. Many of these patients with palliative care needs who present to the emergency department (ED) of hospitals may not receive palliative care. The aim of the study is to evaluate the demographic characteristics of patients with palliative care needs who presented at the ED of the University College Hospital, Ibadan and to check the proportion of these patients that were referred subsequently for palliative care services. This is a retrospective study done by extracting the data of patients with palliative care needs from the 2017 patient attendance records of the ED. This data was compared to the 2017 attendance record of the Department of Hospice and Palliative, University College Hospital. The number of patients identified with palliative care needs in the ED was 740 and the male/female ratio was 1.1. The mean age was 51.3±17.2 years and 41.1% were within the age group of 50-69 years. 70.1% of the patients with palliative care needs had non-cancer illnesses. 557 patients were admitted to the wards, 71 patients were discharged home, 18 got discharged against medical advice, and 94 patients died and no patient was referred directly for palliative care from ED. Presentation of patients with palliative care needs to the ED is inevitable. A palliative care referral system should be available for the best management of these patients. Key words: Palliative care, emergency department, referral.
{"title":"Evaluation of patients with palliative care needs presenting at the Emergency Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"E. B. Olusoji, A. Badru, O. Soyannwo","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2021.0162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2021.0162","url":null,"abstract":"Palliative care as a component of universal health care is still evolving in Nigeria and a high proportion of patients with life-limiting illnesses have no access to such essential service. Many of these patients with palliative care needs who present to the emergency department (ED) of hospitals may not receive palliative care. The aim of the study is to evaluate the demographic characteristics of patients with palliative care needs who presented at the ED of the University College Hospital, Ibadan and to check the proportion of these patients that were referred subsequently for palliative care services. This is a retrospective study done by extracting the data of patients with palliative care needs from the 2017 patient attendance records of the ED. This data was compared to the 2017 attendance record of the Department of Hospice and Palliative, University College Hospital. The number of patients identified with palliative care needs in the ED was 740 and the male/female ratio was 1.1. The mean age was 51.3±17.2 years and 41.1% were within the age group of 50-69 years. 70.1% of the patients with palliative care needs had non-cancer illnesses. 557 patients were admitted to the wards, 71 patients were discharged home, 18 got discharged against medical advice, and 94 patients died and no patient was referred directly for palliative care from ED. Presentation of patients with palliative care needs to the ED is inevitable. A palliative care referral system should be available for the best management of these patients. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Palliative care, emergency department, referral.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"119-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77926070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Gwom, D. Atsukwei, E. Eze, E. Igoh, E. Gabkwet, M. Adams, K. M. Rabiu, I. Ezekiel
This study intends to describe renal sonographic outcomes in matured patients with HIV/AIDS in Plateau State capital Jos and relate the outcome with proteinuria and the subjects’ CD4 cell count. The 504 subjects were evaluated for renal ultrasound scan, CD4 cell counts and dipstick proteinuria (using Combi 10 Urinalysis strips) were obtained, and their findings recorded. Twenty-four (4.8%) of the patients had abnormal renal sonographic findings while 480 (95.2%) had normal findings. Sixteen (3.2%) out of the 24 patients with abnormal renal ultrasound had enlarged kidneys, 24 (4.8%) patients had increased renal echogenicity while 19 (3.8%) had loss of corticomedullary differentiation. One (0.2%) patient was observed to have a globular kidney. Significant proteinuria was observed in all the 24 (4.8%) patients with abnormal renal sonographic findings to suggest HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) while the remaining 480 (95.2%) patients had no significant proteinuria. Hence, the prevalence of HIVAN in this study was 4.8%. Kidney size, renal echogenicity and corticomedullary differentiation correlated significantly with proteinuria count with P-values of 0.05, r = 0.084) and between corticomedullary differentiation and CD4 cell amount (p >0.05, r = 0.049). Sonographically based determination of renal size and echogenicity/echopattern combined with proteinuria are good determinants of renal parenchymal disease and may have diagnostic usefulness as a non-invasive procedure in the identification of HIVAN in HIV-positive subjects with renal disease. Key words: HIV, AIDS, HIV-associated nephropathy, kidneys, ultrasonography, proteinuria.
本研究旨在描述高原州首府乔斯市成年HIV/AIDS患者的肾超声结果，并将结果与蛋白尿和受试者的CD4细胞计数联系起来。对504名受试者进行肾脏超声扫描、CD4细胞计数和尿蛋白(使用Combi 10尿试纸)，并记录结果。肾超声异常24例(4.8%)，正常480例(95.2%)。24例肾超声异常患者中16例(3.2%)为肾增大，24例(4.8%)为肾回声增强，19例(3.8%)为皮质髓质分化丧失。1例(0.2%)患者出现肾小球。24例(4.8%)肾超声异常提示hiv相关肾病(HIV-associated nephropathy, HIVAN)，其余480例(95.2%)患者无明显蛋白尿。因此，本研究中hiv的患病率为4.8%。肾大小、肾回声增强、皮质髓质分化与蛋白尿计数相关(p值0.05,r = 0.084)，皮质髓质分化与CD4细胞数量相关(p >0.05, r = 0.049)。基于超声的肾脏大小和回声/回声模式结合蛋白尿的测定是肾脏实质疾病的良好决定因素，并且可能作为一种非侵入性方法在hiv阳性肾脏疾病患者中识别hiv有诊断价值。关键词:HIV，艾滋病，HIV相关性肾病，肾脏，超声检查，蛋白尿。
{"title":"Relationship between renal ultrasonographic, CD4 cell count and proteinuria findings in HIV infected adult patients in Jos, Nigeria","authors":"P. Gwom, D. Atsukwei, E. Eze, E. Igoh, E. Gabkwet, M. Adams, K. M. Rabiu, I. Ezekiel","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0127","url":null,"abstract":"This study intends to describe renal sonographic outcomes in matured patients with HIV/AIDS in Plateau State capital Jos and relate the outcome with proteinuria and the subjects’ CD4 cell count. The 504 subjects were evaluated for renal ultrasound scan, CD4 cell counts and dipstick proteinuria (using Combi 10 Urinalysis strips) were obtained, and their findings recorded. Twenty-four (4.8%) of the patients had abnormal renal sonographic findings while 480 (95.2%) had normal findings. Sixteen (3.2%) out of the 24 patients with abnormal renal ultrasound had enlarged kidneys, 24 (4.8%) patients had increased renal echogenicity while 19 (3.8%) had loss of corticomedullary differentiation. One (0.2%) patient was observed to have a globular kidney. Significant proteinuria was observed in all the 24 (4.8%) patients with abnormal renal sonographic findings to suggest HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) while the remaining 480 (95.2%) patients had no significant proteinuria. Hence, the prevalence of HIVAN in this study was 4.8%. Kidney size, renal echogenicity and corticomedullary differentiation correlated significantly with proteinuria count with P-values of 0.05, r = 0.084) and between corticomedullary differentiation and CD4 cell amount (p >0.05, r = 0.049). Sonographically based determination of renal size and echogenicity/echopattern combined with proteinuria are good determinants of renal parenchymal disease and may have diagnostic usefulness as a non-invasive procedure in the identification of HIVAN in HIV-positive subjects with renal disease. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: HIV, AIDS, HIV-associated nephropathy, kidneys, ultrasonography, proteinuria.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"105-118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75460298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bello, I. Hassan, Taofik O Ogunkunle, Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, A. Lawal, Yahaya Issah
Immunization is the most cost effective of public health intervention geared towards reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. There has been a global increase in the rate of immunization coverage with its attendant decline in vaccine preventable deaths. The immunization coverage in developing countries like Nigeria has however been challenging due to some reasons. Therefore, this study determined the immunization status and the factors affecting the vaccination status of under five children in Nasarawa State. Cross sectional descriptive studies of under five children in Nasarawa State using a multi staged sampling technique. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used for the recruited participants across the three senatorial zones of the state. Data collection was done using both the immunization cards and oral interview of care-givers. Data analysis was withanalyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Univariates, bivariates and multivariates analyses were done with significant value set at p < 0.05. A total of 55,036 of the target population of 74,775 (4% of the total population of Nasarawa State) received (Baccille, Calmette and Guerin BCG) vaccine in the state in the year 2018, giving a 73.6% immunization coverage for Nasarawa State in the year 2018. Immunization drop - out rate for pentavalent vaccine was 31.6%. The location of Primary Healthcare Centre, antenatal care attendance, distance to healthcare centre and numbers of children in a household are strong determinants of the immunization status across Nasarawa State. There is high immunization coverage in the present study. Incomplete immunization is influenced by Ignorance, mother’s travelling, fathers’ refusal, child’s small stature and or illness as well as distance to the health facilities. Key words: Coverage, determinants, immunization, status, under five.
{"title":"Factors affecting the vaccination status of under five children in Nasarawa State, Nigeria","authors":"S. Bello, I. Hassan, Taofik O Ogunkunle, Olayinka Rasheed Ibrahim, A. Lawal, Yahaya Issah","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2021.0159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2021.0159","url":null,"abstract":"Immunization is the most cost effective of public health intervention geared towards reducing childhood morbidity and mortality. There has been a global increase in the rate of immunization coverage with its attendant decline in vaccine preventable deaths. The immunization coverage in developing countries like Nigeria has however been challenging due to some reasons. Therefore, this study determined the immunization status and the factors affecting the vaccination status of under five children in Nasarawa State. Cross sectional descriptive studies of under five children in Nasarawa State using a multi staged sampling technique. Interviewer administered questionnaire was used for the recruited participants across the three senatorial zones of the state. Data collection was done using both the immunization cards and oral interview of care-givers. Data analysis was withanalyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Univariates, bivariates and multivariates analyses were done with significant value set at p < 0.05. A total of 55,036 of the target population of 74,775 (4% of the total population of Nasarawa State) received (Baccille, Calmette and Guerin BCG) vaccine in the state in the year 2018, giving a 73.6% immunization coverage for Nasarawa State in the year 2018. Immunization drop - out rate for pentavalent vaccine was 31.6%. The location of Primary Healthcare Centre, antenatal care attendance, distance to healthcare centre and numbers of children in a household are strong determinants of the immunization status across Nasarawa State. There is high immunization coverage in the present study. Incomplete immunization is influenced by Ignorance, mother’s travelling, fathers’ refusal, child’s small stature and or illness as well as distance to the health facilities. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Coverage, determinants, immunization, status, under five.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"98-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83024882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Getasew Yirdaw, Yonas Lamore, A. Lette, Sintayehu D. Daba
Musculoskeletal pain are common problems for nursing and medicine students especially in developing countries. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of back and upper body musculoskeletal pain among nursing and medicine students at the University of Gondar. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted. Stratified simple random sampling technique and structured self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. All questionnaires were entered into EPI™ version-7 then exported to SPSS™ version-20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to ensure further significance with subsequent use of odds ratio to show the strength of the association with 95% (CIs). Magnitude of musculoskeletal pain in different body parts was 54% back pain and 36.7% neck pain. Sex difference (AOR: 0.607, 95% CI [0.062, 0.935]), alcohol consumption (AOR: 1.821, 95% CI [1.002, 4.130]), and sufficient rest break (AOR: 0.494, 95% CI [0.044, 4.202]) has significant association to back pain. Also, department (AOR: 3.399, 95% CI [1.340, 3.418]), year of study (AOR: 1.912, 95% CI [1.001, 5.349]) and sleep hours per day (AOR: 1.670, 95% CI [1.507, 4.801]) have significantly associated with neck pain. The overall magnitude of back pain and neck pain in medicine and nursing students were high. Therefore, interventions on organizational factors as well as personal factors should be done to reduce the burden of lower back and upper body musculoskeletal disorders. Key words: Back pain, neck pain, musculoskeletal pain, upper body, university students.
{"title":"Back and upper body musculoskeletal pain and associated factors among medicine and nursing practicing students at university of Gondar, Ethiopia","authors":"Getasew Yirdaw, Yonas Lamore, A. Lette, Sintayehu D. Daba","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Musculoskeletal pain are common problems for nursing and medicine students especially in developing countries. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of back and upper body musculoskeletal pain among nursing and medicine students at the University of Gondar. Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted. Stratified simple random sampling technique and structured self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. All questionnaires were entered into EPI™ version-7 then exported to SPSS™ version-20. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were employed to ensure further significance with subsequent use of odds ratio to show the strength of the association with 95% (CIs). Magnitude of musculoskeletal pain in different body parts was 54% back pain and 36.7% neck pain. Sex difference (AOR: 0.607, 95% CI [0.062, 0.935]), alcohol consumption (AOR: 1.821, 95% CI [1.002, 4.130]), and sufficient rest break (AOR: 0.494, 95% CI [0.044, 4.202]) has significant association to back pain. Also, department (AOR: 3.399, 95% CI [1.340, 3.418]), year of study (AOR: 1.912, 95% CI [1.001, 5.349]) and sleep hours per day (AOR: 1.670, 95% CI [1.507, 4.801]) have significantly associated with neck pain. The overall magnitude of back pain and neck pain in medicine and nursing students were high. Therefore, interventions on organizational factors as well as personal factors should be done to reduce the burden of lower back and upper body musculoskeletal disorders. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Back pain, neck pain, musculoskeletal pain, upper body, university students.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"88-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83244218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alain Farra, G. Tékpa, Gilles Ngaya, H. Gando, A. Manirakiza
Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health issue. The advent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections led to a dramatic increase in extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, with a non-negligible number of cases with multifocal lesions. This study reports a disseminated tuberculosis case with pulmonary and renal localization in a severely immunocompromised HIV patient diagnosed by microscopic examination and the GeneXpert MTB/RIF on sputum and urine in the absence of a urine test, in particular, the urine lipoarabinomannan assay (TB-LAM). Key words: Tuberculosis, disseminated, immunosuppression, HIV, Bangui.
{"title":"Disseminated tuberculosis with pulmonary and renal infections: A confirmed case in a severely immunocompromised HIV patient","authors":"Alain Farra, G. Tékpa, Gilles Ngaya, H. Gando, A. Manirakiza","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0130","url":null,"abstract":"Tuberculosis continues to be a major public health issue. The advent of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections led to a dramatic increase in extrapulmonary forms of tuberculosis, with a non-negligible number of cases with multifocal lesions. This study reports a disseminated tuberculosis case with pulmonary and renal localization in a severely immunocompromised HIV patient diagnosed by microscopic examination and the GeneXpert MTB/RIF on sputum and urine in the absence of a urine test, in particular, the urine lipoarabinomannan assay (TB-LAM). \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Tuberculosis, disseminated, immunosuppression, HIV, Bangui.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"85-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88173618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Adewale, T. Raheem, K. Osuolale, E. Chukwu, G. Liboro, E. Odewale, Leona C Okoli, O. Ezechi
The pandemic nature of the corona virus diseases that emerged at the end of year 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global health concern worldwide. Since high body temperature is a core symptom of the disease, the use of non-contact infrared thermometer for the detection of people with elevated temperature has become one of the measures for infection control as this will identify people that are likely to be incubating the virus at the points of entry into countries. This study assessed the correlation between elevated body temperatures and being positive to COVID-19 test using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A cross-sectional study of consented individuals whose temperatures were assessed using non-contact infrared thermometer. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory using the RT-PCR. Among the 2160 participants tested 46.9% were males while the rest were females. Of these, 69 (3.2%) were positive to COVID-19 test. Among the total number of participants, 53 (2.3%) had elevated body temperature and 5 of the people with elevated body temperature were positive to test. All participants positive to test fulfilled the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) eligibility criteria. There was no significant relationship between elevated body temperature and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study gives credence to the fact that asymptomatic transmission plays a role in the overall incidence of COVID-19. Therefore, anybody entering a public place even with normal body temperature must be made to comply with non-pharmaceutical interventions as an infection control measure. Key words: COVID-19, temperature, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), infrared thermometer, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal
{"title":"Utility of temperature measurement using non-contact infrared thermometer in detecting elevated temperature as an infection control measure in the era of Covid-19","authors":"B. Adewale, T. Raheem, K. Osuolale, E. Chukwu, G. Liboro, E. Odewale, Leona C Okoli, O. Ezechi","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2021.0160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2021.0160","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic nature of the corona virus diseases that emerged at the end of year 2019 (COVID-19) is a major global health concern worldwide. Since high body temperature is a core symptom of the disease, the use of non-contact infrared thermometer for the detection of people with elevated temperature has become one of the measures for infection control as this will identify people that are likely to be incubating the virus at the points of entry into countries. This study assessed the correlation between elevated body temperatures and being positive to COVID-19 test using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). A cross-sectional study of consented individuals whose temperatures were assessed using non-contact infrared thermometer. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples were collected and analysed in the laboratory using the RT-PCR. Among the 2160 participants tested 46.9% were males while the rest were females. Of these, 69 (3.2%) were positive to COVID-19 test. Among the total number of participants, 53 (2.3%) had elevated body temperature and 5 of the people with elevated body temperature were positive to test. All participants positive to test fulfilled the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) eligibility criteria. There was no significant relationship between elevated body temperature and SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study gives credence to the fact that asymptomatic transmission plays a role in the overall incidence of COVID-19. Therefore, anybody entering a public place even with normal body temperature must be made to comply with non-pharmaceutical interventions as an infection control measure. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: COVID-19, temperature, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), infrared thermometer, nasopharyngeal, oropharyngeal","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"79-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82953919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Olowoselu, O. P. Ogunnubi, O. I. Olowoselu, O. Enabulele, O. Oyedeji, Oluwamuyiwa A. Ayanshina, V. Osunkalu
The severity of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) often causes painful episodes of vaso-occlussive crises and affects quality of life. Poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) associated with sickle cell disease has been established. The study aim was to determine the relationship between pain index and HRQoL in Nigerian patients with SCA. The study was a cross-sectional survey of SCA individuals. Data collection was done using socio-demographics and clinical characteristics questionnaire, Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale, and WHOQoL-Bref. Descriptive, cross-tab and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data in SPSS® version 20 IBM, USA. A total of 226 SCA individuals (males = 111 (49.1%) and females = 115 (50.9%)) with mean age 28.9±8.5 years participated in this study. Greater than 80% of the SCA individuals with pain had poor HRQoL score. Overall, with the range of statistically significant Chi-square value 49.715-94.474 (Cramer’s V = 0.469-0.647), strong association was observed between pain index and all HRQoL domains. Logistic regression analysis also revealed pain rating (pain relative to no pain) significantly predicted increased odds of affecting physical health (OR = 5.030; 95% CI = 1.094-23.118; P value = 0.038) as well as social and relationship status (OR = 9.443; 95% CI = 3.228-27.618; P value < 0.001) among SCA individuals. In conclusion, individuals with SCA largely have poor HRQoL. However, pain affects domains of HRQoL, particularly the physical health and social and relationship status domains of health. Key words: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA), pain, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQoL-Bref).
镰状细胞贫血(SCA)的严重程度经常引起血管闭塞危象的痛苦发作，并影响生活质量。与镰状细胞病相关的健康相关生活质量差(HRQoL)已得到证实。研究目的是确定尼日利亚SCA患者疼痛指数与HRQoL之间的关系。该研究是对SCA个体的横断面调查。数据收集采用社会人口统计学和临床特征问卷、Wong-Baker FACES疼痛评定量表和WHOQoL-Bref。采用美国IBM SPSS®version 20对数据进行描述性、交叉表和多项逻辑回归分析。共226例SCA患者(男性111例(49.1%)，女性115例(50.9%))，平均年龄28.9±8.5岁。超过80%有疼痛的SCA患者的HRQoL评分较差。总体而言，疼痛指数与HRQoL各域有较强的相关性，卡方值为49.715 ~ 94.474 (Cramer’s V = 0.469 ~ 0.647)，差异有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析还显示，疼痛评分(疼痛相对于无疼痛)显著预测影响身体健康的几率增加(OR = 5.030;95% ci = 1.094-23.118;P值= 0.038)、社会和关系状况(OR = 9.443;95% ci = 3.228-27.618;P值< 0.001)。总之，SCA患者的HRQoL大多较差。然而，疼痛影响HRQoL的领域，特别是身体健康和社会和关系地位的健康领域。关键词:镰状细胞性贫血(SCA)，疼痛，健康相关生活质量(HRQoL)，世界卫生组织生活质量(WHOQoL-Bref)
{"title":"Pain index and health-related quality of life in a Nigerian patients cohort with sickle cell anaemia","authors":"F. Olowoselu, O. P. Ogunnubi, O. I. Olowoselu, O. Enabulele, O. Oyedeji, Oluwamuyiwa A. Ayanshina, V. Osunkalu","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2021.0150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2021.0150","url":null,"abstract":"The severity of sickle cell anaemia (SCA) often causes painful episodes of vaso-occlussive crises and affects quality of life. Poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) associated with sickle cell disease has been established. The study aim was to determine the relationship between pain index and HRQoL in Nigerian patients with SCA. The study was a cross-sectional survey of SCA individuals. Data collection was done using socio-demographics and clinical characteristics questionnaire, Wong-Baker FACES pain rating scale, and WHOQoL-Bref. Descriptive, cross-tab and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data in SPSS® version 20 IBM, USA. A total of 226 SCA individuals (males = 111 (49.1%) and females = 115 (50.9%)) with mean age 28.9±8.5 years participated in this study. Greater than 80% of the SCA individuals with pain had poor HRQoL score. Overall, with the range of statistically significant Chi-square value 49.715-94.474 (Cramer’s V = 0.469-0.647), strong association was observed between pain index and all HRQoL domains. Logistic regression analysis also revealed pain rating (pain relative to no pain) significantly predicted increased odds of affecting physical health (OR = 5.030; 95% CI = 1.094-23.118; P value = 0.038) as well as social and relationship status (OR = 9.443; 95% CI = 3.228-27.618; P value < 0.001) among SCA individuals. In conclusion, individuals with SCA largely have poor HRQoL. However, pain affects domains of HRQoL, particularly the physical health and social and relationship status domains of health. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Sickle cell anaemia (SCA), pain, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), World Health Organization Quality of Life-Bref (WHOQoL-Bref).","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"5 1","pages":"69-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80888715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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