Ebisike Philips Ifeanyichukwu, S. Hassan, Timothy Christopher Okechukwu, Ibrahim Usman Yuguda, I. Mukhtar, R. Sani, Habib Saudat Garba
Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has been effective in reducing rapidly progressive retinopathies, there are other ocular manifestations of HIV and ocular side effects of HAART which are yet to be determined and evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the effect of HAART on Visual Acuity (VA) and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) among HIV/AIDS patients in Kano State, Nigeria. This was a prospective hospital based cross-sectional study; consented patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited and grouped into two groups A and B. Group A was those scheduled to commence HAART referred to as HAART naive, while group B was subdivided into four groups, comprising B1, B2, B3, B4, termed as HAART experience. There were 400 participants aged 25 to 55 years with mean age of 37.86 ± 7.5 years. Their mean CD4+ T cell count was 476.94 ± 272.3 cells/mm3. The mean IOP was 14.14 ± 2.65 mmHg and analysis of variance showed that there was no correlation of HAART on IOP. About 370 (92.5%) had the best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) on OU of 6/6, while 30 (7.5%) had BCDVA of less than 6/6 or worse and there was a correlation between HAART and VA (p < 0.01), but statistically insignificant on CD4+ T-cells counts, HAART regimen and its durations. There was a correlation between VA and HAART among HIV/AIDS patients, but it showed no association with CD4+ T cell counts, HAART regimen and HAART duration. There was no correlation of HAART on IOP of the patients. Key words: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), CD4+ T cell counts.
{"title":"Evaluating the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy on visual acuity and intraocular pressure among HIV/AIDS patients in Kano State, Nigeria","authors":"Ebisike Philips Ifeanyichukwu, S. Hassan, Timothy Christopher Okechukwu, Ibrahim Usman Yuguda, I. Mukhtar, R. Sani, Habib Saudat Garba","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0122","url":null,"abstract":"Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has been effective in reducing rapidly progressive retinopathies, there are other ocular manifestations of HIV and ocular side effects of HAART which are yet to be determined and evaluated. The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the effect of HAART on Visual Acuity (VA) and Intraocular Pressure (IOP) among HIV/AIDS patients in Kano State, Nigeria. This was a prospective hospital based cross-sectional study; consented patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were recruited and grouped into two groups A and B. Group A was those scheduled to commence HAART referred to as HAART naive, while group B was subdivided into four groups, comprising B1, B2, B3, B4, termed as HAART experience. There were 400 participants aged 25 to 55 years with mean age of 37.86 ± 7.5 years. Their mean CD4+ T cell count was 476.94 ± 272.3 cells/mm3. The mean IOP was 14.14 ± 2.65 mmHg and analysis of variance showed that there was no correlation of HAART on IOP. About 370 (92.5%) had the best corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA) on OU of 6/6, while 30 (7.5%) had BCDVA of less than 6/6 or worse and there was a correlation between HAART and VA (p < 0.01), but statistically insignificant on CD4+ T-cells counts, HAART regimen and its durations. There was a correlation between VA and HAART among HIV/AIDS patients, but it showed no association with CD4+ T cell counts, HAART regimen and HAART duration. There was no correlation of HAART on IOP of the patients. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), visual acuity, intraocular pressure (IOP), CD4+ T cell counts.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"06 1","pages":"150-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86308993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Donabedian model health care quality assessment measures the difference between expected and actual performance to identify gaps in the health care system, which would serve as a starting point for quality improvement activities. So, the aim of this study was to assess the level of quality of health care with respect to structural settings, actual process of care, and outcomes of care. Institutional based both quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study design was conducted. 735 patients selected using a multi-stage sampling method from randomly selected public health institutions of East Gojjam zone. Data were collected using semi structured interview questions and observational checklist adapted from national guidelines as a quality indicator of the Donabedian health service quality framework. Data were entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was fitted to selects associated factors. The studied health institution fulfilled 137 (73.3%) of major equipment requirement against the national standard, diagnosis with treatment based on guideline rated (56.7%), nursing care rated (40%), and average satisfaction level of patients with given care is 39.7%. Residence, standard healthcare facilities, health workers' communication, and accessibility of health facility have significant association with patient satisfaction. This study found that quality of care in health facility is rated as poor against national standards. Promoting quality healthcare communication at all levels of health facilities is important. Minister of health and regional health bureau must ensure the accessibility of per standard healthcare facilities to improve outcomes of health care. Key words: Donabedian, East Gojjam, Ethiopia, quality of care.
Donabedian模型卫生保健质量评估衡量预期绩效与实际绩效之间的差异，以确定卫生保健系统中的差距，这将作为质量改进活动的起点。因此，本研究的目的是评估卫生保健的质量水平，包括结构设置、实际护理过程和护理结果。进行了基于机构的定量和定性横断面研究设计。采用多阶段抽样方法从东Gojjam区随机选择的公共卫生机构中选取735名患者。采用半结构化访谈问题和观察性检查表收集数据，这些检查表改编自国家指南，作为多纳贝迪安卫生服务质量框架的质量指标。数据输入SPSS version 20进行分析。采用双变量和多变量logistic回归分析选择相关因素。所研究的医疗机构主要设备指标达到国家标准137项(73.3%)，诊断按指南治疗满意率为56.7%，护理满意率为40%，患者平均护理满意度为39.7%。居住地、标准卫生保健设施、卫生工作者沟通和卫生保健设施的可及性与患者满意度显著相关。这项研究发现，按照国家标准，卫生设施的护理质量被评为较差。在各级卫生设施中促进高质量的卫生保健交流非常重要。卫生部长和地区卫生局必须确保每个标准的卫生保健设施的可及性，以改善卫生保健的结果。关键词:多纳贝甸;东戈伊jam;埃塞俄比亚;
{"title":"Quality of health care service assessment using Donabedian model in East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018","authors":"Yewbmirt Sharew, Getachew Mullu, Nurilign Abebe, Tsegaye Mehare","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0066","url":null,"abstract":"Donabedian model health care quality assessment measures the difference between expected and actual performance to identify gaps in the health care system, which would serve as a starting point for quality improvement activities. So, the aim of this study was to assess the level of quality of health care with respect to structural settings, actual process of care, and outcomes of care. Institutional based both quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional study design was conducted. 735 patients selected using a multi-stage sampling method from randomly selected public health institutions of East Gojjam zone. Data were collected using semi structured interview questions and observational checklist adapted from national guidelines as a quality indicator of the Donabedian health service quality framework. Data were entered into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was fitted to selects associated factors. The studied health institution fulfilled 137 (73.3%) of major equipment requirement against the national standard, diagnosis with treatment based on guideline rated (56.7%), nursing care rated (40%), and average satisfaction level of patients with given care is 39.7%. Residence, standard healthcare facilities, health workers' communication, and accessibility of health facility have significant association with patient satisfaction. This study found that quality of care in health facility is rated as poor against national standards. Promoting quality healthcare communication at all levels of health facilities is important. Minister of health and regional health bureau must ensure the accessibility of per standard healthcare facilities to improve outcomes of health care. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Donabedian, East Gojjam, Ethiopia, quality of care.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"157-165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83003661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Childhood immunization remains one of the most important and cost-effective public health interventions that reduces both morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in children yet it is still underutilized. The study assessed the level of knowledge and attitude of mothers towards childhood immunization. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involving 141 mothers that brought their babies for vaccination at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Abakaliki, Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using SPPS version 23. Only 40 (28.8%) had good knowledge of childhood immunization. Positive attitude towards immunization was seen in 139 (98.6%) mothers. 101 (71.6%) had missed vaccination appointments for their child with the far immunization center (50.0%) being the main reason given by the respondents. Age, parity of respondents, number of living children, educational status, and place of residence were significantly associated with knowledge of childhood immunization among the study participants (p<0.05). Majority of the mothers had poor knowledge of childhood immunization. Maternal educational status was a positive and the only significant (p<0.05) predictor of good knowledge of childhood immunization. It is recommended that information on immunization be taken to the door step of every mother, while intensifying optimized routine immunization sessions to daily vaccination at fixed post as well as integration of routine immunization with other health services. Key words: Attitude, childhood, immunization, knowledge, maternal.
儿童免疫接种仍然是最重要和最具成本效益的公共卫生干预措施之一，可降低与儿童传染病有关的发病率和死亡率，但仍未得到充分利用。该研究评估了母亲对儿童免疫接种的知识水平和态度。这是一项基于横断面问卷调查的研究，涉及141名母亲，她们带着婴儿在尼日利亚阿巴卡利基的Alex Ekwueme联邦大学接种疫苗。收集的数据使用SPPS version 23进行分析。仅有40人(28.8%)对儿童免疫接种有良好的了解。139名(98.6%)母亲对免疫接种持积极态度。101名(71.6%)儿童错过了疫苗接种预约，其中远免疫中心(50.0%)是被调查者给出的主要原因。调查对象的年龄、胎次、在世子女数、教育程度和居住地与儿童免疫知识显著相关(p<0.05)。大多数母亲对儿童免疫接种知识贫乏。母亲受教育程度是儿童免疫知识知晓程度的唯一显著预测因子(p<0.05)。建议将关于免疫的信息送到每一位母亲的家门口，同时加强优化的常规免疫课程，改为每天在固定地点接种疫苗，并将常规免疫与其他保健服务结合起来。关键词:态度，童年，免疫，知识，母亲。
{"title":"Evaluating mothers knowledge and attitude as a contributing factor to the low childhood immunization uptake in Ebonyi State, Nigeria","authors":"U. Asiegbu, D. Obu, A. Una, C. Ezeonu, O. Asiegbu","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0107","url":null,"abstract":"Childhood immunization remains one of the most important and cost-effective public health interventions that reduces both morbidity and mortality associated with infectious diseases in children yet it is still underutilized. The study assessed the level of knowledge and attitude of mothers towards childhood immunization. This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study involving 141 mothers that brought their babies for vaccination at Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Abakaliki, Nigeria. The data collected were analyzed using SPPS version 23. Only 40 (28.8%) had good knowledge of childhood immunization. Positive attitude towards immunization was seen in 139 (98.6%) mothers. 101 (71.6%) had missed vaccination appointments for their child with the far immunization center (50.0%) being the main reason given by the respondents. Age, parity of respondents, number of living children, educational status, and place of residence were significantly associated with knowledge of childhood immunization among the study participants (p<0.05). Majority of the mothers had poor knowledge of childhood immunization. Maternal educational status was a positive and the only significant (p<0.05) predictor of good knowledge of childhood immunization. It is recommended that information on immunization be taken to the door step of every mother, while intensifying optimized routine immunization sessions to daily vaccination at fixed post as well as integration of routine immunization with other health services. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Attitude, childhood, immunization, knowledge, maternal.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"79 1 1","pages":"127-135"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77895992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hamit, N. Fombotioh, J. Nack, H. Noumga, R. Issa, S. Kemba, B. Brahim, M. K. Zenaba, C. Bilong
Intestinal parasitic diseases remain an epidemiology a real problem in Chad, but little research has been done in this area. The purpose of the study is to determine the status of intestinal parasites infection among students in a health professional training institution and to assess their level of perception of this health problem. This prospective and descriptive study took place between June and July 2018. A total of 107 stool samples were collected from students in a health professional training institution in the city of N’Djamena. Direct examination and formalin-ether concentration methods were used to search for parasites. The results showed that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasites among the students was 64.5%. The parasite species identified were Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia solium and Strongyloides stercoralis with respective percentages: 46.73, 13.08, 13.08, 1.87, and 0.93%. The rates of infestation according to the ethological factors were: - cooking water: 46.51 and 75.80% respectively for the national water company (SNE) and drilled water; feeding mode: 60 and 64.70% for respectively individual and collective; washing hands with soap before meals: 78.57 and 62.37% for respectively no and yes. To fight the diseases caused by parasitosis should involve a strategy on sanitation and health education.The species of parasites identified indicate that the fight against diseases caused by the above parasitosis should involve a strategy on sanitation and health education. Key words: Parasite, students, N’Djamena, health professional institution, Chad.
{"title":"Status and perception of intestinal parasitosis among students of a health professional institution in NDjamena, Chad","authors":"M. Hamit, N. Fombotioh, J. Nack, H. Noumga, R. Issa, S. Kemba, B. Brahim, M. K. Zenaba, C. Bilong","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0114","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal parasitic diseases remain an epidemiology a real problem in Chad, but little research has been done in this area. The purpose of the study is to determine the status of intestinal parasites infection among students in a health professional training institution and to assess their level of perception of this health problem. This prospective and descriptive study took place between June and July 2018. A total of 107 stool samples were collected from students in a health professional training institution in the city of N’Djamena. Direct examination and formalin-ether concentration methods were used to search for parasites. The results showed that the overall prevalence of intestinal parasites among the students was 64.5%. The parasite species identified were Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides, Taenia solium and Strongyloides stercoralis with respective percentages: 46.73, 13.08, 13.08, 1.87, and 0.93%. The rates of infestation according to the ethological factors were: - cooking water: 46.51 and 75.80% respectively for the national water company (SNE) and drilled water; feeding mode: 60 and 64.70% for respectively individual and collective; washing hands with soap before meals: 78.57 and 62.37% for respectively no and yes. To fight the diseases caused by parasitosis should involve a strategy on sanitation and health education.The species of parasites identified indicate that the fight against diseases caused by the above parasitosis should involve a strategy on sanitation and health education. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Parasite, students, N’Djamena, health professional institution, Chad.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76607696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Varsha Maran, N. Maitra, T. Sheth, Palak Vaishnav, N. Parmar
This work aims to evaluate the Cleopatra I model for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) in subjects having threatened preterm labour. This is a hospital-based prospective observational study done over a period of one year. A total of one hundred and eleven (111) subjects enrolled in the study. Their demographic factors and previous obstetric history were recorded. A cervical length with a cut-off of 25 mm measured by a transvaginal ultrasound was used to evaluate the primary endpoint of the study. Grossly, the preterm delivery rate was 70% in subjects with short cervical length. Funnelling of cervix was associated with 61.1% of those subjects who delivered preterm. Cervical length with a cut-off of ≤2.5 cm showed a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 37.5% in predicting preterm delivery. In our study, cervical length and funnelling were found to be significantly associated with the outcome of preterm delivery as per the Bivariate analysis. However, on applying logistic regression analysis, funnelling was found to be the only significant association in the prediction of preterm delivery. Thus, the findings of our study could not endorse the observations of the CLEOPATRA I model. Key words: Risk assessment, premature birth, cervical length measurement.
{"title":"The evaluation of Cleopatra I score for predicting preterm birth in subjects with threatened preterm labour","authors":"Varsha Maran, N. Maitra, T. Sheth, Palak Vaishnav, N. Parmar","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0079","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to evaluate the Cleopatra I model for the prediction of spontaneous preterm birth (PTB) in subjects having threatened preterm labour. This is a hospital-based prospective observational study done over a period of one year. A total of one hundred and eleven (111) subjects enrolled in the study. Their demographic factors and previous obstetric history were recorded. A cervical length with a cut-off of 25 mm measured by a transvaginal ultrasound was used to evaluate the primary endpoint of the study. Grossly, the preterm delivery rate was 70% in subjects with short cervical length. Funnelling of cervix was associated with 61.1% of those subjects who delivered preterm. Cervical length with a cut-off of ≤2.5 cm showed a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 37.5% in predicting preterm delivery. In our study, cervical length and funnelling were found to be significantly associated with the outcome of preterm delivery as per the Bivariate analysis. However, on applying logistic regression analysis, funnelling was found to be the only significant association in the prediction of preterm delivery. Thus, the findings of our study could not endorse the observations of the CLEOPATRA I model. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Risk assessment, premature birth, cervical length measurement.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"136-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82462454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tinea capitis is one of the major common skin diseases affecting school-age children in developing countries, whose prevalence and associated fungi have not been fully investigated in these countries. This study investigated the prevalence and fungi associated with Tinea capitis infection amongst children attending selected schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 72 school children recruited from 10 primary schools in selected class strata in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. A multistage sampling technique was used. Skin scrapings were obtained from head lesions of school children followed with fungi isolation. Fungi were identified based on their morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequencing of the 5.8s rRNA gene and flanking internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2. Socio-demographic characteristics of sampled school children were collected using a questionnaire. The fungi associated with tinea capitis in school children were Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Cytobasidium minutum, Aspergillus spp, Ectophoma multirostrata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Penicillium flavigenum and Fusarium solani. Out of the 10 primary schools surveyed, Chamwino had an overall higher prevalence with 11 (15.3%) cases of tinea capitis. Overall, 31 (43.1%) of the school children washed their hair at least once a day. It was found that 30 (41.7%) and 39 (54.2%) school children shared combs and had a member in their family with tinea capitis, respectively. Furthermore, only 18 (25%) of the affected school children sought treatment. Tinea capitis is associated with multiple dermatophytes amongst school children in Morogoro Municipality. It is recommended that body hygiene education be emphasized in schools and congestion of classrooms be avoided in order to minimize transmission of the disease through contact. Key words: Tinea capitis, Fungi Identification, dermatomycosis, dermatophytes, school children, Morogoro, Tanzania.
{"title":"Prevalence and identification of fungi associated with Tinea capitis in school children of Morogoro municipality, Tanzania","authors":"Magreth E. Macha, M. Makange, G. Misinzo","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0108","url":null,"abstract":"Tinea capitis is one of the major common skin diseases affecting school-age children in developing countries, whose prevalence and associated fungi have not been fully investigated in these countries. This study investigated the prevalence and fungi associated with Tinea capitis infection amongst children attending selected schools in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted involving 72 school children recruited from 10 primary schools in selected class strata in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. A multistage sampling technique was used. Skin scrapings were obtained from head lesions of school children followed with fungi isolation. Fungi were identified based on their morphological characteristics and nucleotide sequencing of the 5.8s rRNA gene and flanking internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2. Socio-demographic characteristics of sampled school children were collected using a questionnaire. The fungi associated with tinea capitis in school children were Trichoderma longibrachiatum, Cytobasidium minutum, Aspergillus spp, Ectophoma multirostrata, Aureobasidium pullulans, Aspergillus flavus, Cladosporium tenuissimum, Penicillium flavigenum and Fusarium solani. Out of the 10 primary schools surveyed, Chamwino had an overall higher prevalence with 11 (15.3%) cases of tinea capitis. Overall, 31 (43.1%) of the school children washed their hair at least once a day. It was found that 30 (41.7%) and 39 (54.2%) school children shared combs and had a member in their family with tinea capitis, respectively. Furthermore, only 18 (25%) of the affected school children sought treatment. Tinea capitis is associated with multiple dermatophytes amongst school children in Morogoro Municipality. It is recommended that body hygiene education be emphasized in schools and congestion of classrooms be avoided in order to minimize transmission of the disease through contact. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Tinea capitis, Fungi Identification, dermatomycosis, dermatophytes, school children, Morogoro, Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"80 1","pages":"103-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80034154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuel F. Manun’Ebo, Salvatrice Madika Masonga, D. Ndombe, Lay Tshiala, Choudelle Nkulu-wa-Ngoie, Willy Ibibi Ilanga, Pierre Mbang Mazono
Worldwide coverage of anti-retroviral treatment has extended life expectancy of people living with HIV and AIDS. The expanded survival time brings into play the patients’ quality of life, on which little data is available in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was administered to 249 patients, mostly females (65%), attending a dedicated centre for the treatment and comprehensive support to people living with HIV/AIDS in the city of Lubumbashi and its surroundings. Internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire were determined using Cronbach’s alpha on the contributing 24 items. Descriptive statistics were used: mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and count and percentage for categorical variables. Logistic regression and generalized linear regression models were performed to assess potential association between socio-demographic variables and quality of life. The distribution of the socio-demographic characteristics studied in the current study and their association with the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS are comparable with those reported from elsewhere. Consistently, education attainment, employment status, and presence of another HIV positive person in the household manifested as factors associated to the total score, and to all the scores in the six quality of life domains. While further research is warranted in relation to the finding of negative association of the presence of another person living with HIV/AIDS in the household, in order to improve their clients’ quality of life, we recommend to service providers the inclusion of psychosocial support that takes into account the individuals’ home circumstances. Key words: Quality of life, HIV/AIDS, persons living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA), WHOQOL-HIV-Bref, sub-Sahara, Congo-Kinshasa.
{"title":"Assessment of the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS in the city of Lubumbashi, The Democratic Republic of the Congo","authors":"Manuel F. Manun’Ebo, Salvatrice Madika Masonga, D. Ndombe, Lay Tshiala, Choudelle Nkulu-wa-Ngoie, Willy Ibibi Ilanga, Pierre Mbang Mazono","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0117","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide coverage of anti-retroviral treatment has extended life expectancy of people living with HIV and AIDS. The expanded survival time brings into play the patients’ quality of life, on which little data is available in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was administered to 249 patients, mostly females (65%), attending a dedicated centre for the treatment and comprehensive support to people living with HIV/AIDS in the city of Lubumbashi and its surroundings. Internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire were determined using Cronbach’s alpha on the contributing 24 items. Descriptive statistics were used: mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and count and percentage for categorical variables. Logistic regression and generalized linear regression models were performed to assess potential association between socio-demographic variables and quality of life. The distribution of the socio-demographic characteristics studied in the current study and their association with the quality of life of people living with HIV/AIDS are comparable with those reported from elsewhere. Consistently, education attainment, employment status, and presence of another HIV positive person in the household manifested as factors associated to the total score, and to all the scores in the six quality of life domains. While further research is warranted in relation to the finding of negative association of the presence of another person living with HIV/AIDS in the household, in order to improve their clients’ quality of life, we recommend to service providers the inclusion of psychosocial support that takes into account the individuals’ home circumstances. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Quality of life, HIV/AIDS, persons living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA), WHOQOL-HIV-Bref, sub-Sahara, Congo-Kinshasa.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"110-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76118458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work aims to study the potential and importance of wild edible plants (WEPs) as antioxidants in treating different diseases caused by free radicals. A total of 67 species belonging to 50 genera under 36 families and naturally growing in Ethiopia were recorded after assessing all available documents. About 16.2% of the total (413) WEPs were recorded in the country. The plant families with more number of species known to have antioxidants are Amaranthaceae and Moraceae 7 species each. Fruits are the dominant edible parts followed by leaves. Compounds such as tannins, oxalates and phenolic acids are the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants. Plants also have many phytochemicals which are a potential source of natural antioxidants such as phenolic diterpenes, flavonoids, flavonols, alkaloids, iridoids and saponins, High consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lowered occurrence of cancer, heart disease, inflammation, arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Antioxidant components including vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoid, and plant polyphenols appeared to play a key role in reducing the development of such diseases. This review gives a general overview of the antioxidant properties of different parts of WEPs in a single volume and ease selection of the best species for further research. The chemical composition, antioxidant contents and energy values of wild plants consumed by Ethiopians indicated that they provide key nutrients such as carbohydrates minerals and vitamins. The plants will be lost along with their valuable nutrients and indigenous knowledge without proper management and conservation in the right places and habitats. Keywords: antioxidant, Ethiopia, health benefit, phytochemicals, wild edible plants.
{"title":"Review of the antioxidant properties of wild edible plants in Ethiopia","authors":"N. Amsalu, Zemede Asfaw Z. Asfaw","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2019.0082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2019.0082","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to study the potential and importance of wild edible plants (WEPs) as antioxidants in treating different diseases caused by free radicals. A total of 67 species belonging to 50 genera under 36 families and naturally growing in Ethiopia were recorded after assessing all available documents. About 16.2% of the total (413) WEPs were recorded in the country. The plant families with more number of species known to have antioxidants are Amaranthaceae and Moraceae 7 species each. Fruits are the dominant edible parts followed by leaves. Compounds such as tannins, oxalates and phenolic acids are the major contributors to the antioxidant activity of vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants. Plants also have many phytochemicals which are a potential source of natural antioxidants such as phenolic diterpenes, flavonoids, flavonols, alkaloids, iridoids and saponins, High consumption of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lowered occurrence of cancer, heart disease, inflammation, arthritis, neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Antioxidant components including vitamin C, vitamin E, carotenoid, and plant polyphenols appeared to play a key role in reducing the development of such diseases. This review gives a general overview of the antioxidant properties of different parts of WEPs in a single volume and ease selection of the best species for further research. The chemical composition, antioxidant contents and energy values of wild plants consumed by Ethiopians indicated that they provide key nutrients such as carbohydrates minerals and vitamins. The plants will be lost along with their valuable nutrients and indigenous knowledge without proper management and conservation in the right places and habitats. \u0000 \u0000 Keywords: antioxidant, Ethiopia, health benefit, phytochemicals, wild edible plants.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"127 1","pages":"84-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79538680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease had been attributed to risk factors that include but not limited to hypertension. These factors were determined without reference to data from autopsy studies. It is likely that there is no significant difference on the grades of coronary atherosclerosis in hypertensive’s when compared with the non-hypertensive’s. The aim of this study, therefore, is to test this hypothesis by assessing the impact of hypertension on the grades of atherosclerosis. A prospective postmortem study carried out from 1st of June, 2012 to 31st of May 2013. Consecutive sampling technique was employed to recruit the study population. At post-mortem, the coronary artery of each subject was graded on the basis of the percentage of cross-sectional area stenosis. The data obtained was analyzed with the SPSS version 20. There were 142 cases in this study with a male preponderance. Their mean age was 49.86 years. The grades of coronary atherosclerosis increases with age. The grades of coronary atherosclerosis in hypertensive’s were more severe when compared with the non-hypertensive’s (p=0.0001). The odds of a hypertensive developing grade III coronary atherosclerosis relative to a grade I lesion was 17.655 higher. The grades of coronary atherosclerosis is related to the presence of hypertension, thus we reject the null hypothesis. Key words: Hypertensive’s, non-hypertensive’s, risk factors, grades of coronary atherosclerosis.
冠状动脉粥样硬化和缺血性心脏病的发展归因于包括但不限于高血压的危险因素。这些因素是在没有参考尸检研究数据的情况下确定的。高血压患者与非高血压患者的冠状动脉粥样硬化程度可能没有明显差异。因此，本研究的目的是通过评估高血压对动脉粥样硬化等级的影响来检验这一假设。2012年6月1日至2013年5月31日进行前瞻性尸检研究。采用连续抽样方法招募研究人群。在死后，根据冠状动脉狭窄的横截面积百分比对每个受试者的冠状动脉进行评分。所得数据用SPSS version 20进行分析。本研究中有142例，以男性为主。平均年龄49.86岁。冠状动脉粥样硬化的等级随着年龄的增长而增加。高血压患者的冠状动脉粥样硬化等级比非高血压患者更严重(p=0.0001)。高血压发展为III级冠状动脉粥样硬化的几率比I级病变高17.655。冠状动脉粥样硬化的等级与高血压的存在有关，因此我们拒绝原假设。关键词:高血压，非高血压，危险因素，冠状动脉粥样硬化分级
{"title":"Severity of coronary atherosclerosis in hypertensive: A postmortem study","authors":"A. Azeke, D. Imasogie","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0098","url":null,"abstract":"The development of coronary atherosclerosis and ischaemic heart disease had been attributed to risk factors that include but not limited to hypertension. These factors were determined without reference to data from autopsy studies. It is likely that there is no significant difference on the grades of coronary atherosclerosis in hypertensive’s when compared with the non-hypertensive’s. The aim of this study, therefore, is to test this hypothesis by assessing the impact of hypertension on the grades of atherosclerosis. A prospective postmortem study carried out from 1st of June, 2012 to 31st of May 2013. Consecutive sampling technique was employed to recruit the study population. At post-mortem, the coronary artery of each subject was graded on the basis of the percentage of cross-sectional area stenosis. The data obtained was analyzed with the SPSS version 20. There were 142 cases in this study with a male preponderance. Their mean age was 49.86 years. The grades of coronary atherosclerosis increases with age. The grades of coronary atherosclerosis in hypertensive’s were more severe when compared with the non-hypertensive’s (p=0.0001). The odds of a hypertensive developing grade III coronary atherosclerosis relative to a grade I lesion was 17.655 higher. The grades of coronary atherosclerosis is related to the presence of hypertension, thus we reject the null hypothesis. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hypertensive’s, non-hypertensive’s, risk factors, grades of coronary atherosclerosis.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"78-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88890401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infertility is a common public health challenge in Nigeria. The causes of infertility in both males and females are multifactorial, and the contributions of endocrine abnormalities had been reported from both the Northern and Southern regions of Nigeria. The effect of occupational exposure on endocrine levels among petrol pump attendants has not been sufficiently documented in our setting. This study evaluated the levels of reproductive hormones, blood cadmium, and lead among fuel pump attendants in Benin City. A total of 60 petrol attendants and 30 healthy non-occupationally exposed subjects were recruited for the study. A blood specimen was collected and evaluated for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone as well as blood cadmium and lead using ELISA and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) respectively. Serum levels of FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone were significantly lower among fuel attendants than non-occupationally exposed control subjects. The mean levels of blood cadmium and lead were significantly higher among fuel attendants than controls. Reproductive hormone levels significantly correlated with the duration of exposure to petrol fumes, FSH (r=-0.50, p=0.001), LH (r=-0.52, p=0.001), estradiol (r=0.32, p=0.009), progesterone (r=-0.35, p=0.005) and testosterone (r=-0.48, p=0.001). Blood cadmium and lead correlated negatively with reproductive hormones except between lead with estradiol (r=0.14, p=0.276) which was positively correlated. The levels of measured reproductive hormones were significantly lower, while cadmium and lead were significantly higher in fuel attendants than non- occupationally exposed control subjects. Exposure to petroleum fumes may be a risk factor and may be associated with reproductive hormone abnormalities. Personal protective devices should be worn by petrol attendants in order to avoid the adverse consequences of the observed abnormalities. Key words: Sex hormones, fuel pump attendants, occupational exposure.
{"title":"Levels of some reproductive hormones, cadmium and lead among fuel pump attendants in Benin City, Nigeria","authors":"Mathias Abiodun Emokpae, F. Oyakhire","doi":"10.5897/AJMHS2020.0106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMHS2020.0106","url":null,"abstract":"Infertility is a common public health challenge in Nigeria. The causes of infertility in both males and females are multifactorial, and the contributions of endocrine abnormalities had been reported from both the Northern and Southern regions of Nigeria. The effect of occupational exposure on endocrine levels among petrol pump attendants has not been sufficiently documented in our setting. This study evaluated the levels of reproductive hormones, blood cadmium, and lead among fuel pump attendants in Benin City. A total of 60 petrol attendants and 30 healthy non-occupationally exposed subjects were recruited for the study. A blood specimen was collected and evaluated for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone as well as blood cadmium and lead using ELISA and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) respectively. Serum levels of FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone and testosterone were significantly lower among fuel attendants than non-occupationally exposed control subjects. The mean levels of blood cadmium and lead were significantly higher among fuel attendants than controls. Reproductive hormone levels significantly correlated with the duration of exposure to petrol fumes, FSH (r=-0.50, p=0.001), LH (r=-0.52, p=0.001), estradiol (r=0.32, p=0.009), progesterone (r=-0.35, p=0.005) and testosterone (r=-0.48, p=0.001). Blood cadmium and lead correlated negatively with reproductive hormones except between lead with estradiol (r=0.14, p=0.276) which was positively correlated. The levels of measured reproductive hormones were significantly lower, while cadmium and lead were significantly higher in fuel attendants than non- occupationally exposed control subjects. Exposure to petroleum fumes may be a risk factor and may be associated with reproductive hormone abnormalities. Personal protective devices should be worn by petrol attendants in order to avoid the adverse consequences of the observed abnormalities. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Sex hormones, fuel pump attendants, occupational exposure.","PeriodicalId":93249,"journal":{"name":"African journal of medical and health sciences","volume":"90 1","pages":"70-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84347655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：