Pub Date : 2019-02-20DOI: 10.33552/aun.2019.01.000509
Faap Christina Kim
{"title":"Robotic Pyeloplasty in Infants: A Review of Safety and Outcomes","authors":"Faap Christina Kim","doi":"10.33552/aun.2019.01.000509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2019.01.000509","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45564734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-14DOI: 10.33552/aun.2019.01.000508
D. Tovbin
Acute intra-dialytic exacerbation of hypercapnia in hemodialysis (HD) patient has been initially reported 18 years ago [1]. Subsequent similar case was reported few years later [2]. Common features of both patients were morbid obesity, a previously stable HD sessions and an acute respiratory infection at time of hypercapnia [1,2]. HD patients with decreased ventilation reserve, due to morbid obesity with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and/or obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are at increased risk. COPD is common among HD patients but frequently under-diagnosed [3]. Most COPD patients do well during HD with only mildmoderate pCO2 increases and slightly decreased pH as compared to non-COPD chronic HD patients [2,4]. However, acute pulmonary congestion or infection or gradual but significant deterioration in respiratory state, may induce hypercapnia with intradialytic exacerbation, hypercapnic encephalopathy and respiratory arrest [1,2,5]. A proposed mechanism is that tissue hypoxia due to hypoxemia and/ or low tissue perfusion as in sepsis and/or shock increase intradialytic acid generation, bicarbonate buffering and production of CO2, which cannot be exhaled at those states [1,2]. Some patients with severe COPD or OHS have baseline chronic severe hypercapnia and need the special measures which will be described below when starting hemodialysis. Symptoms of hypercapnic encephalopathy are correlated stronger with the changes in cerebrospinal pH induced by rapid diffusion of CO2, than with those of arterial pH and/or PCO2. Both hypoxemia and on the other hand uncontrolled oxygen therapy with high inspiratory oxygen fractions (FiO2), which further decrease respiratory drive, have deleterious effects [5]. Nowadays, morbid obesity and associated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and possibly obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) are common in the general population and even more in the population at risk for reaching HD [6-8]. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are nowadays commonly used in hypercapnic patients [5,9,10]. In the 2 case reports and in our experience with similar patients, BiPAP prevented intra-dialytic exacerbation of hypercapnia and possibly respiratory arrest [1,2]. In recent years, new interest was raised to HD dialysate bicarbonate concentration. After standardizing to inflammation malnutrition complex and comorbidities midweek pre-dialysis serum bicarbonate level was recommended as >22 mEq/L [11]. As higher dialysate bicarbonate concentration became more prevalent, a large observation cohort study demonstrated that high dialysate bicarbonate concentration was associated with worse outcome especially in the more acidotic patients [12]. However, still not enough attention is paid to HD dialysate bicarbonate in the increasing number of patients with impaired
{"title":"Hypercapnia in Hemodialysis (HD)","authors":"D. Tovbin","doi":"10.33552/aun.2019.01.000508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2019.01.000508","url":null,"abstract":"Acute intra-dialytic exacerbation of hypercapnia in hemodialysis (HD) patient has been initially reported 18 years ago [1]. Subsequent similar case was reported few years later [2]. Common features of both patients were morbid obesity, a previously stable HD sessions and an acute respiratory infection at time of hypercapnia [1,2]. HD patients with decreased ventilation reserve, due to morbid obesity with or without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and/or obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are at increased risk. COPD is common among HD patients but frequently under-diagnosed [3]. Most COPD patients do well during HD with only mildmoderate pCO2 increases and slightly decreased pH as compared to non-COPD chronic HD patients [2,4]. However, acute pulmonary congestion or infection or gradual but significant deterioration in respiratory state, may induce hypercapnia with intradialytic exacerbation, hypercapnic encephalopathy and respiratory arrest [1,2,5]. A proposed mechanism is that tissue hypoxia due to hypoxemia and/ or low tissue perfusion as in sepsis and/or shock increase intradialytic acid generation, bicarbonate buffering and production of CO2, which cannot be exhaled at those states [1,2]. Some patients with severe COPD or OHS have baseline chronic severe hypercapnia and need the special measures which will be described below when starting hemodialysis. Symptoms of hypercapnic encephalopathy are correlated stronger with the changes in cerebrospinal pH induced by rapid diffusion of CO2, than with those of arterial pH and/or PCO2. Both hypoxemia and on the other hand uncontrolled oxygen therapy with high inspiratory oxygen fractions (FiO2), which further decrease respiratory drive, have deleterious effects [5]. Nowadays, morbid obesity and associated obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and possibly obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) are common in the general population and even more in the population at risk for reaching HD [6-8]. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and bi-level positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are nowadays commonly used in hypercapnic patients [5,9,10]. In the 2 case reports and in our experience with similar patients, BiPAP prevented intra-dialytic exacerbation of hypercapnia and possibly respiratory arrest [1,2]. In recent years, new interest was raised to HD dialysate bicarbonate concentration. After standardizing to inflammation malnutrition complex and comorbidities midweek pre-dialysis serum bicarbonate level was recommended as >22 mEq/L [11]. As higher dialysate bicarbonate concentration became more prevalent, a large observation cohort study demonstrated that high dialysate bicarbonate concentration was associated with worse outcome especially in the more acidotic patients [12]. However, still not enough attention is paid to HD dialysate bicarbonate in the increasing number of patients with impaired","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69448798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-02-13DOI: 10.33552/aun.2019.01.000507
A. Vuksanović
Bones are common site for metastatic development, in fact the third most common site of metastases, right after lungs and liver. This tendency is explained with its microenvironment – specifically bone marrow, that tends to facilitate “thriving” of certain types of metastatic cancer cells, which usually originate from prostate, breast and lung. Prostate cancer in particular has proclivity for development of osseous metastases, where we commonly find that the bones are the only site of its secondary deposits [1].
{"title":"Specific Treatment of Bone Metastases in Non-PC Urological Malignancies","authors":"A. Vuksanović","doi":"10.33552/aun.2019.01.000507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2019.01.000507","url":null,"abstract":"Bones are common site for metastatic development, in fact the third most common site of metastases, right after lungs and liver. This tendency is explained with its microenvironment – specifically bone marrow, that tends to facilitate “thriving” of certain types of metastatic cancer cells, which usually originate from prostate, breast and lung. Prostate cancer in particular has proclivity for development of osseous metastases, where we commonly find that the bones are the only site of its secondary deposits [1].","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42210727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-23DOI: 10.33552/aun.2019.01.000506
D. Tovbin, Karim Awad
Extremes of serum potassium levels in the general population, cardiac patients and hemodialysis (HD) patients may be critical. Thus, dialysate potassium concentration needs to be individualized to the patients by a standardized approach of the nephrologists. Our goals are to avoid or minimize pre-HD hyperkalemia, post-HD hypokalemia and high intradialytic dialysate-plasma K gradient, in order to moderate the high mortality and morbidity in HD patients and improve their compromised quality of life (QOL). However, dialysate K is frequently not individualized.
{"title":"Hemodialysis (HD) Dialysate Potassium","authors":"D. Tovbin, Karim Awad","doi":"10.33552/aun.2019.01.000506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2019.01.000506","url":null,"abstract":"Extremes of serum potassium levels in the general population, cardiac patients and hemodialysis (HD) patients may be critical. Thus, dialysate potassium concentration needs to be individualized to the patients by a standardized approach of the nephrologists. Our goals are to avoid or minimize pre-HD hyperkalemia, post-HD hypokalemia and high intradialytic dialysate-plasma K gradient, in order to moderate the high mortality and morbidity in HD patients and improve their compromised quality of life (QOL). However, dialysate K is frequently not individualized.","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47730833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-22DOI: 10.33552/aun.2019.01.000505
Voĭnov Va, S. Borovets, Karchevsky Ks, Isaulov Ov
The problem of infertility is one of the most urgent problems of obstetrics and urology. Its frequency is in 5-11% of marriages, and, in addition to “female” there is and male infertility sometimes. Among its reasons play an important role autoimmune disorders when, after often have long forgotten injuries, and even orhiepididymitis varicocele arise autoantibodies against their own sperm that found in 8-21% of cases in men for suspected male infertility. They are capable of breaking the mobility of spermatozoa, and the ability of the latter to penetrate through the shell of the oocyte, without which it is impossible to even in vitro fertilization, the success of which in such cases does not exceed 40% [1].
{"title":"Plasmapheresis in the Treatment of Male Infertility. Literature Review and Own Observation","authors":"Voĭnov Va, S. Borovets, Karchevsky Ks, Isaulov Ov","doi":"10.33552/aun.2019.01.000505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2019.01.000505","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of infertility is one of the most urgent problems of obstetrics and urology. Its frequency is in 5-11% of marriages, and, in addition to “female” there is and male infertility sometimes. Among its reasons play an important role autoimmune disorders when, after often have long forgotten injuries, and even orhiepididymitis varicocele arise autoantibodies against their own sperm that found in 8-21% of cases in men for suspected male infertility. They are capable of breaking the mobility of spermatozoa, and the ability of the latter to penetrate through the shell of the oocyte, without which it is impossible to even in vitro fertilization, the success of which in such cases does not exceed 40% [1].","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43670572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-09DOI: 10.33552/aun.2019.01.000504
Š. Farský
This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License AUN.MS.ID.000504. .. Abstract In the cardiologist’s care are often patients treated for erectile dysfunction or prostatic cancer and, vice versa, in the urologist or andrologist ́s care patients treated for hypertension, arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. There is needed to respect mutually influences and take them in account at the diagnostic and therapeutic indications. Secondary hypogonadism at patients hormonally treated for prostatic carcinoma leads to loss of both positive testosterone effects on cardiovascular and metabolic system and vitality decrease. Cardiovascular rehabilitation carries benefit not to patients with coronary artery disease only, but to patients treated for prostatic carcinoma too. Prostatic disease treatment by urologist may influence blood pressure values of patient treated by cardiologist. This article provides more detail information’s on the pathological-physiological background of relevant mutual relationships and their practical impact on clinical patient management.
{"title":"Secondary Hypogonadism at Patients Hormonally Treated for Prostatic Carcinoma from a Cardiologist Perspective","authors":"Š. Farský","doi":"10.33552/aun.2019.01.000504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2019.01.000504","url":null,"abstract":"This work is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License AUN.MS.ID.000504. .. Abstract In the cardiologist’s care are often patients treated for erectile dysfunction or prostatic cancer and, vice versa, in the urologist or andrologist ́s care patients treated for hypertension, arrhythmias and coronary heart disease. There is needed to respect mutually influences and take them in account at the diagnostic and therapeutic indications. Secondary hypogonadism at patients hormonally treated for prostatic carcinoma leads to loss of both positive testosterone effects on cardiovascular and metabolic system and vitality decrease. Cardiovascular rehabilitation carries benefit not to patients with coronary artery disease only, but to patients treated for prostatic carcinoma too. Prostatic disease treatment by urologist may influence blood pressure values of patient treated by cardiologist. This article provides more detail information’s on the pathological-physiological background of relevant mutual relationships and their practical impact on clinical patient management.","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43514188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-01-01DOI: 10.33552/aun.2019.01.000516
S. Balakrishnan
Uterine preservation surgery in uterovaginal prolapse is beginning to be relooked at more vigorously now. The need for uterine preservation surgery is for the reasons of desire for future fertility, maintaining sexual function and sense of identity for the woman. Incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) have an impact on sexuality. Observational prospective longitudinal cohort study to evaluate the impact of uterus preservation after POP repair on sexual function demonstrated that POP plays a role in female sexual dysfunction and uterus sparing surgery is associated with a greater improvement in sexual function [1]. However, the uterine conserving surgery does have its contraindications such as history of current or recent cervical dysplasia, abnormal menstrual bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding and other endometrial pathology. In these cases, therefore conservation of the uterus would not be advocated.
{"title":"Manchester Repair as A Uterine Preservation Surgery","authors":"S. Balakrishnan","doi":"10.33552/aun.2019.01.000516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2019.01.000516","url":null,"abstract":"Uterine preservation surgery in uterovaginal prolapse is beginning to be relooked at more vigorously now. The need for uterine preservation surgery is for the reasons of desire for future fertility, maintaining sexual function and sense of identity for the woman. Incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse (POP) have an impact on sexuality. Observational prospective longitudinal cohort study to evaluate the impact of uterus preservation after POP repair on sexual function demonstrated that POP plays a role in female sexual dysfunction and uterus sparing surgery is associated with a greater improvement in sexual function [1]. However, the uterine conserving surgery does have its contraindications such as history of current or recent cervical dysplasia, abnormal menstrual bleeding, postmenopausal bleeding and other endometrial pathology. In these cases, therefore conservation of the uterus would not be advocated.","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69448801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-18DOI: 10.33552/aun.2018.01.000503
T. Lefeber, Olivia E Nield, L. Nield
Since approximately 10-15% of all children at age six years will have primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) [1], it is a common problem that presents to the general pediatrician and often referred to the urologist or nephrologist. PMNE is defined as bedwetting in children older than age five years without lower urinary tract symptoms or bladder dysfunction [2], and each year 15% of children will outgrow the condition resulting in approximately 1% to 2% of adolescents still suffering from the condition. Nearly all studies addressing PMNE reveal a strong genetic predisposition at rates of familial history as high as 75% [3]. Since the 1990’s, the medical literature has become replete with studies which focus on the psychological, psychosocial, and quality of life issues that are associated with enuresis. Research provides convincing evidence that enuresis is associated with long lasting effects that persist beyond childhood into adolescence and adulthood. Although time constraints can often lead to the inadequate addressing of psychological effects, it is prudent to consider expanding patient visits so time is available to screen for these life-altering concerns. A brief up-to-date literature review of the psychological aspects of enuresis along with suggested behavioral screening tools are provided for clinicians who care for patients with PMNE.
{"title":"Psychological Aspects of Enuresis in Childhood","authors":"T. Lefeber, Olivia E Nield, L. Nield","doi":"10.33552/aun.2018.01.000503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2018.01.000503","url":null,"abstract":"Since approximately 10-15% of all children at age six years will have primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (PMNE) [1], it is a common problem that presents to the general pediatrician and often referred to the urologist or nephrologist. PMNE is defined as bedwetting in children older than age five years without lower urinary tract symptoms or bladder dysfunction [2], and each year 15% of children will outgrow the condition resulting in approximately 1% to 2% of adolescents still suffering from the condition. Nearly all studies addressing PMNE reveal a strong genetic predisposition at rates of familial history as high as 75% [3]. Since the 1990’s, the medical literature has become replete with studies which focus on the psychological, psychosocial, and quality of life issues that are associated with enuresis. Research provides convincing evidence that enuresis is associated with long lasting effects that persist beyond childhood into adolescence and adulthood. Although time constraints can often lead to the inadequate addressing of psychological effects, it is prudent to consider expanding patient visits so time is available to screen for these life-altering concerns. A brief up-to-date literature review of the psychological aspects of enuresis along with suggested behavioral screening tools are provided for clinicians who care for patients with PMNE.","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44496598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-11DOI: 10.33552/aun.2018.01.000502
U. Iqbal
Written by Bahrin Samah, this book started with the question of whether type 2 diabetes can be cured or not? Doctors and nutritionists or conventional dietetic experts usually state that diabetes can be controlled but cannot be cured. In other words, even if you are taking modern medicines to control the level of glucose while undergoing an appropriate and healthy lifestyle, you will continue to experience diabetes throughout your life. Therefore, from the point of modern medicine, healing for Type 2 Diabetes does not exist. Type 2 diabetes is a very serious health condition. It is also a growing epidemic that does not only occur in developed countries, but also in developing countries. Most cases of Type 2 Diabetes are believed to be due to excessive and prolonged process of carbohydrate intake. At the beginning of the 20th century, Type 2 Diabetes is usually experienced by those aged 40 and above, but today it faces young people. Most diabetes terms used in this book refer to Type 2 Diabetes. The usual symptom pathways to diabetes are like high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, high cholesterol levels and high LDL-cholesterol levels and low HDL-cholesterol levels. From the point of modern medicine, every symptom will be treated separately.
{"title":"Book Review ‘Type 2 Diabetes: Causes, Prevention and Measures Relieve It’ (Malay Version)","authors":"U. Iqbal","doi":"10.33552/aun.2018.01.000502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2018.01.000502","url":null,"abstract":"Written by Bahrin Samah, this book started with the question of whether type 2 diabetes can be cured or not? Doctors and nutritionists or conventional dietetic experts usually state that diabetes can be controlled but cannot be cured. In other words, even if you are taking modern medicines to control the level of glucose while undergoing an appropriate and healthy lifestyle, you will continue to experience diabetes throughout your life. Therefore, from the point of modern medicine, healing for Type 2 Diabetes does not exist. Type 2 diabetes is a very serious health condition. It is also a growing epidemic that does not only occur in developed countries, but also in developing countries. Most cases of Type 2 Diabetes are believed to be due to excessive and prolonged process of carbohydrate intake. At the beginning of the 20th century, Type 2 Diabetes is usually experienced by those aged 40 and above, but today it faces young people. Most diabetes terms used in this book refer to Type 2 Diabetes. The usual symptom pathways to diabetes are like high blood pressure, high triglyceride levels, high cholesterol levels and high LDL-cholesterol levels and low HDL-cholesterol levels. From the point of modern medicine, every symptom will be treated separately.","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44132729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-09-12DOI: 10.33552/aun.2018.01.000501
M. Khalil, M. Gamal, M. Kamel
Tumors of the urethra are rare and often require radical surgery when dealing with locally advanced tumors to achieve adequate local control of the disease. In males, these procedures include partial or total penectomy for distal urethral carcinoma or total penectomy with cystoprostatectomy for proximal urethral carcinoma. In females with locally advanced urethral carcinoma, anterior exenteration may be required for better oncological outcomes. Patients diagnosed with urethral carcinoma at earlier stage may be amenable for genital sparing surgery which offers preservation of body image and better quality of life. We sought to review the current available literature describing different techniques of surgical management in patients with primary urethral carcinoma and subsequent survival and oncological outcomes.
{"title":"Review on Organ Preserving Techniques in Patients with Urethral Carcinoma","authors":"M. Khalil, M. Gamal, M. Kamel","doi":"10.33552/aun.2018.01.000501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33552/aun.2018.01.000501","url":null,"abstract":"Tumors of the urethra are rare and often require radical surgery when dealing with locally advanced tumors to achieve adequate local control of the disease. In males, these procedures include partial or total penectomy for distal urethral carcinoma or total penectomy with cystoprostatectomy for proximal urethral carcinoma. In females with locally advanced urethral carcinoma, anterior exenteration may be required for better oncological outcomes. Patients diagnosed with urethral carcinoma at earlier stage may be amenable for genital sparing surgery which offers preservation of body image and better quality of life. We sought to review the current available literature describing different techniques of surgical management in patients with primary urethral carcinoma and subsequent survival and oncological outcomes.","PeriodicalId":93263,"journal":{"name":"Annals of urology & nephrology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46803233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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