M. Renner, S. Gradstein, A. L. Ilkiu-Borges, F. R. OLIVEIRA-DA-SILVA, Chatchaba Promma
The discovery of new fossil bryophytes allows refined estimates of divergence times when the fossils have unambiguous synapomorphies enabling their confident assignment to nodes within molecular phylogenies. We use two fossil Radula species from Cretaceous age Burmese amber to estimate divergence times for Radula. One of these fossils, R. cretacea which has synapomorphies of subg. Odontoradula, has been used previously; the other, with relative synapomorphies of subg. Amentuloradula, has not. In combination these two fossils, when used to constrain the crown node age of their respective subgenera, result in median age estimates for the Radula crown node of 263 million years, under our preferred time-calibration scenario where subgeneric crown-node fossil assignments are coupled with a secondary maximum age constraint on the Porellales crown node. We explore other time-calibration scenarios, including deeper fossil assignments, and conclude that, under all, Radula as currently circumscribed is an outlier among land plant genera on the basis of its age. While this violates no established norms regarding how old genera should be, the absolute age, the relative ages of other families within Porellales, and the morphological distinctiveness of the two serial sister lineages, subg. Cladoradula, with seven species, and subg. Dactyloradula with one species, motivates our proposal to elevate these two subgenera to generic rank, resulting in three genera within the family Radulaceae. We provide diagnoses for genera, new combinations for species, and an emended circumscription for Radula, that reflect this change.
{"title":"Molecular and morphological evidence support the recognition of three genera within Radulaceae (Porellales: Marchantiophyta)","authors":"M. Renner, S. Gradstein, A. L. Ilkiu-Borges, F. R. OLIVEIRA-DA-SILVA, Chatchaba Promma","doi":"10.11646/bde.45.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.45.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of new fossil bryophytes allows refined estimates of divergence times when the fossils have unambiguous synapomorphies enabling their confident assignment to nodes within molecular phylogenies. We use two fossil Radula species from Cretaceous age Burmese amber to estimate divergence times for Radula. One of these fossils, R. cretacea which has synapomorphies of subg. Odontoradula, has been used previously; the other, with relative synapomorphies of subg. Amentuloradula, has not. In combination these two fossils, when used to constrain the crown node age of their respective subgenera, result in median age estimates for the Radula crown node of 263 million years, under our preferred time-calibration scenario where subgeneric crown-node fossil assignments are coupled with a secondary maximum age constraint on the Porellales crown node. We explore other time-calibration scenarios, including deeper fossil assignments, and conclude that, under all, Radula as currently circumscribed is an outlier among land plant genera on the basis of its age. While this violates no established norms regarding how old genera should be, the absolute age, the relative ages of other families within Porellales, and the morphological distinctiveness of the two serial sister lineages, subg. Cladoradula, with seven species, and subg. Dactyloradula with one species, motivates our proposal to elevate these two subgenera to generic rank, resulting in three genera within the family Radulaceae. We provide diagnoses for genera, new combinations for species, and an emended circumscription for Radula, that reflect this change.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41874351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The organization of microtubules and plastid distribution of the liverwort, Haplomitrium mnioides (Haplomitriopsida), was studied during the meiotic phase lasting for six months. In the late fall, the cytoplasm of early sporocytes forms four lobes of future spore domains before meiotic prophase. Microtubules align at the cytoplasmic cleavage furrow regions as girdling bands in the four-lobed sporocytes. Finally, the cleavage furrows are proximal to the nucleus positioned in the center of the sporocyte, and the girdling bands of the microtubule (GBM) disappear. Subsequently, the nucleus moves into one of the cytoplasmic lobes, and sporocytes pass the winter season at this stage. In early spring, the nucleus returns to the central position of the lobed cytoplasm, concurrent with plastid repositioning around the nucleus. Plastids are then distributed equally to each of the four lobes as a plastid cluster. Astral microtubules emanate from the plastid cluster in each spore domain and encage prophase nuclei as a quadripolar microtubule system (QMS). The QMS changes into a twisted spindle of metaphase I with broad poles, while spindles of metaphase II also emanate from the four plastid clusters. Cytokinesis is completed through the centrifugal cell plate formation in telophase II. The division axes of two successive nuclear divisions appear to be determined by plastid-based QMS, and the future site of cytokinesis is marked by cytoplasmic furrows associated with GBM. The phylogenetic distribution of GBM and QMS suggests that the meiotic system involving these structures is an ancestral trait of liverworts. Long-term dormancy in diploid sporocytes rather than haploid spores may represent transitional traits from charophycean green algae to land plants.
{"title":"Microtubule organization and plastid distribution during meiosis of Haplomitrium mnioides (Haplomitriopsida)","authors":"Masaki Shimamura","doi":"10.11646/bde.45.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.45.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The organization of microtubules and plastid distribution of the liverwort, Haplomitrium mnioides (Haplomitriopsida), was studied during the meiotic phase lasting for six months. In the late fall, the cytoplasm of early sporocytes forms four lobes of future spore domains before meiotic prophase. Microtubules align at the cytoplasmic cleavage furrow regions as girdling bands in the four-lobed sporocytes. Finally, the cleavage furrows are proximal to the nucleus positioned in the center of the sporocyte, and the girdling bands of the microtubule (GBM) disappear. Subsequently, the nucleus moves into one of the cytoplasmic lobes, and sporocytes pass the winter season at this stage. In early spring, the nucleus returns to the central position of the lobed cytoplasm, concurrent with plastid repositioning around the nucleus. Plastids are then distributed equally to each of the four lobes as a plastid cluster. Astral microtubules emanate from the plastid cluster in each spore domain and encage prophase nuclei as a quadripolar microtubule system (QMS). The QMS changes into a twisted spindle of metaphase I with broad poles, while spindles of metaphase II also emanate from the four plastid clusters. Cytokinesis is completed through the centrifugal cell plate formation in telophase II. The division axes of two successive nuclear divisions appear to be determined by plastid-based QMS, and the future site of cytokinesis is marked by cytoplasmic furrows associated with GBM. The phylogenetic distribution of GBM and QMS suggests that the meiotic system involving these structures is an ancestral trait of liverworts. Long-term dormancy in diploid sporocytes rather than haploid spores may represent transitional traits from charophycean green algae to land plants.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42275200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laura V. Campos, M. Stech, S. M. de Oliveira, Astrid MUÑOZ-ORTIZ, H. Steege, Jaime URIBE-M.
We studied the community structure and diversity of epiphytic bryophytes in a vertical gradient from tree base to canopy in four lowland rain forest sites of the Colombian Amazon (Amazonas, Caquetá, Putumayo, and Vaupés). Each of the 64 sampled phorophytes was divided into six height zones from the base (Z1) to the outer canopy (Z6). As a subproject, we carried out a genetic population study using the liverwort Cheilolejeunea rigidula (Lejeuneaceae) as our model species, which occurred in all six height zones. In addition to 65 successfully sequenced samples from the study sites, we included individuals of C. rigidula from Guiana and Brazil (Manaus and Tapajos) to investigate the connectivity and genetic structure of this species across the Amazon region and to evaluate the genetic structure based on phorophyte height zones. Each site in Colombia, Brazil and Guiana was considered a subpopulation. The sequenced chloroplast markers (partial atpB gene, partial psbA gene/psbA-trnH spacer) showed little variation across the Amazon and the height zones on the trees. The nuclear marker (ITS) showed a spatial structure indicating genetic differentiation of subpopulations across the Amazon, but little genetic differentiation of C. rigidula along the height of the trees. The gradient across the Amazon shows a relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance, indicating dispersal limitations (P<0.001). At local and regional scales, our results suggest that dispersal can have a dominant effect on populations and communities, increasing connectivity.
{"title":"Genetic population structure of Cheilolejeunea rigidula (Lejeuneaceae) in the Amazon region","authors":"Laura V. Campos, M. Stech, S. M. de Oliveira, Astrid MUÑOZ-ORTIZ, H. Steege, Jaime URIBE-M.","doi":"10.11646/bde.45.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.45.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"We studied the community structure and diversity of epiphytic bryophytes in a vertical gradient from tree base to canopy in four lowland rain forest sites of the Colombian Amazon (Amazonas, Caquetá, Putumayo, and Vaupés). Each of the 64 sampled phorophytes was divided into six height zones from the base (Z1) to the outer canopy (Z6). As a subproject, we carried out a genetic population study using the liverwort Cheilolejeunea rigidula (Lejeuneaceae) as our model species, which occurred in all six height zones. In addition to 65 successfully sequenced samples from the study sites, we included individuals of C. rigidula from Guiana and Brazil (Manaus and Tapajos) to investigate the connectivity and genetic structure of this species across the Amazon region and to evaluate the genetic structure based on phorophyte height zones. Each site in Colombia, Brazil and Guiana was considered a subpopulation. The sequenced chloroplast markers (partial atpB gene, partial psbA gene/psbA-trnH spacer) showed little variation across the Amazon and the height zones on the trees. The nuclear marker (ITS) showed a spatial structure indicating genetic differentiation of subpopulations across the Amazon, but little genetic differentiation of C. rigidula along the height of the trees. The gradient across the Amazon shows a relationship between genetic distance and geographic distance, indicating dispersal limitations (P<0.001). At local and regional scales, our results suggest that dispersal can have a dominant effect on populations and communities, increasing connectivity.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45795244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takayuki Ohgue, H. Akiyama, Hiroshi SUZUKI-AZUMA, H. Nagamasu
The phylogenetic circumscription and taxonomic status of the genus Pohlia in the Mniaceae sensu lato was investigated based on chloroplast DNA sequences (rbcL, rps4, and trnL-F), with a focus on species occurring in Japan. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of sequences obtained from 34 species of Mniaceae s.l., including 13 Pohlia species, suggested that the genus Pohlia and the family Mielichhoferiaceae are not monophyletic in their present circumscription, but confirmed that the family Mniaceae is monophyletic in its traditional sense. These results are congruent with previous molecular phylogenetic studies. Three distinct clades were recognized in the Mielichhoferiaceae, almost corresponding to three sections of Pohlia (Pohlia, Cacodon and Apalodictyon). One of them branched off first within the Mniaceae s.l., and the other two were sister to the remainder of the Mniaceae s.l. The single included Schizymenium formed a monophyletic group with Pohlia sect. Pohlia and Epipterygium with Pohlia sect. Apalodictyon, confirming the results of previous studies. The results indicate that the taxonomic status of the genus Pohlia and family Mielichhoferiaceae are in need of revision. Phylogenetic analyses nested the accessions of P. camptotrachela within P. annotina and P. flexuosa clades, highlighting the need for taxonomic revision of Japanese propaguliferous Pohlia species.
{"title":"Phylogenetic study of the genus Pohlia (Mielichhoferiaceae, Bryophyta) based on chloroplast DNA sequences","authors":"Takayuki Ohgue, H. Akiyama, Hiroshi SUZUKI-AZUMA, H. Nagamasu","doi":"10.11646/bde.44.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.44.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The phylogenetic circumscription and taxonomic status of the genus Pohlia in the Mniaceae sensu lato was investigated based on chloroplast DNA sequences (rbcL, rps4, and trnL-F), with a focus on species occurring in Japan. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses of sequences obtained from 34 species of Mniaceae s.l., including 13 Pohlia species, suggested that the genus Pohlia and the family Mielichhoferiaceae are not monophyletic in their present circumscription, but confirmed that the family Mniaceae is monophyletic in its traditional sense. These results are congruent with previous molecular phylogenetic studies. Three distinct clades were recognized in the Mielichhoferiaceae, almost corresponding to three sections of Pohlia (Pohlia, Cacodon and Apalodictyon). One of them branched off first within the Mniaceae s.l., and the other two were sister to the remainder of the Mniaceae s.l. The single included Schizymenium formed a monophyletic group with Pohlia sect. Pohlia and Epipterygium with Pohlia sect. Apalodictyon, confirming the results of previous studies. The results indicate that the taxonomic status of the genus Pohlia and family Mielichhoferiaceae are in need of revision. Phylogenetic analyses nested the accessions of P. camptotrachela within P. annotina and P. flexuosa clades, highlighting the need for taxonomic revision of Japanese propaguliferous Pohlia species.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49258095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present paper deals with the investigation of moss taxa of some underexplored regions of Manipur, Northeast India. During the assessment of moss diversity in various localities of Manipur a total 126 species of mosses belonging to 84 genera in 34 families have been investigated and enumerated. Ten species, namely Amblystegium serpens,Entodontopsis leucostega, Entodontopsis tavoyensis, Homalia trichomanoides, Lindbergia duthiei, Philonotis mollis, Philonotis thwaitesii, Taxiphyllum giraldii,Tortella humilis and Thuidium sparsifolium are new additions to Eastern Himalaya, while 92 species of mosses have been reported for the first time from Manipur. Ten Indian endemic taxa have also been identified from the explored sites. The majority of the taxa were recorded from epiphytic habitats.
{"title":"Diversity of mosses in some underexplored regions of Manipur, Northeast India","authors":"A. Asthana, V. Sahu, V. Awasthi","doi":"10.11646/bde.44.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.44.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper deals with the investigation of moss taxa of some underexplored regions of Manipur, Northeast India. During the assessment of moss diversity in various localities of Manipur a total 126 species of mosses belonging to 84 genera in 34 families have been investigated and enumerated. Ten species, namely Amblystegium serpens,Entodontopsis leucostega, Entodontopsis tavoyensis, Homalia trichomanoides, Lindbergia duthiei, Philonotis mollis, Philonotis thwaitesii, Taxiphyllum giraldii,Tortella humilis and Thuidium sparsifolium are new additions to Eastern Himalaya, while 92 species of mosses have been reported for the first time from Manipur. Ten Indian endemic taxa have also been identified from the explored sites. The majority of the taxa were recorded from epiphytic habitats.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46031978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Brazilian state of Amazonas harbors an exceptionally high number of bryophyte species for its size, yet many taxa remain to be discovered. Herein, we continue by further describing and illustrating two new species, as well as by providing evidence for substantial geographical extensions of another five taxa. Two new species, Ceratolejeunea ocirii and Ceratolejeunea semicornua are herein described. Cololejeunea appressa is newly recorded for Brazil, and Cheilolejeunea savannae, Cololejeunea clavatopapillata, Prionolejeunea galliotii and Plagiochila eggersii are new records for the state of Amazonas, Brazil.
{"title":"Two new species of Ceratolejeunea (Lejeuneaceae) and five noteworthy records for Brazil","authors":"A. Sierra, C. J. Bastos, C. Zartman","doi":"10.11646/BDE.44.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/BDE.44.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian state of Amazonas harbors an exceptionally high number of bryophyte species for its size, yet many taxa remain to be discovered. Herein, we continue by further describing and illustrating two new species, as well as by providing evidence for substantial geographical extensions of another five taxa. Two new species, Ceratolejeunea ocirii and Ceratolejeunea semicornua are herein described. Cololejeunea appressa is newly recorded for Brazil, and Cheilolejeunea savannae, Cololejeunea clavatopapillata, Prionolejeunea galliotii and Plagiochila eggersii are new records for the state of Amazonas, Brazil.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41532289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Schistidium foraminis-martini is described as a new species from the Austrian and Swiss Alps. The taxon is characterized by a warm brown coloration, ovate, concave and muticous leaves with rounded apices, ellipsoid capsules, constricted at mouth, the presence of stomata and a reduced, truncate peristome. Based on sequences of the ITS region the new species is phylogenetically rather isolated, exhibiting the closest relationship to S. agassizii which shares the muticous leaves but differs in having narrowly lingulate-lanceolate, almost flat leaves, cyathiform capsules and a perfect peristome. Schistidium foraminis-martini grows on moist calcareous rocks in the alpine and nival belt.
{"title":"Schistidium foraminis-martini sp. nov. (Grimmiaceae), a high mountain calcicole from the European Alps molecularly related to S. agassizii","authors":"T. Kiebacher, H. Köckinger, H. H. Blom","doi":"10.11646/BDE.44.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/BDE.44.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Schistidium foraminis-martini is described as a new species from the Austrian and Swiss Alps. The taxon is characterized by a warm brown coloration, ovate, concave and muticous leaves with rounded apices, ellipsoid capsules, constricted at mouth, the presence of stomata and a reduced, truncate peristome. Based on sequences of the ITS region the new species is phylogenetically rather isolated, exhibiting the closest relationship to S. agassizii which shares the muticous leaves but differs in having narrowly lingulate-lanceolate, almost flat leaves, cyathiform capsules and a perfect peristome. Schistidium foraminis-martini grows on moist calcareous rocks in the alpine and nival belt.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41712257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present review, we provide an updated account on the level of knowledge in island bryophyte biogeography. In the framework of the 50 most fundamental questions for present and future island biology research highlighted by Patiño et al. (2017), we summarize current knowledge in bryophyte island biogeography and outline main research avenues for the future in the field. We found that only about 50% of the key current questions in island biogeography have been addressed to some extent, at least once, in bryophytes. Even fundamental questions that have caught the attention of ecologists since more than one century, such as the species-area relationship, have only rarely been dealt with in bryophytes. The application of the Island Biogeography Theory therefore opens an avenue for research in bryology, and we discuss the most salient features, including species and community phylogenetics, biotic interactions, and invasion biology.
{"title":"Island biogeography: an avenue for research in bryology","authors":"J. Patiño, A. Vanderpoorten","doi":"10.11646/bde.43.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.43.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"In the present review, we provide an updated account on the level of knowledge in island bryophyte biogeography. In the framework of the 50 most fundamental questions for present and future island biology research highlighted by Patiño et al. (2017), we summarize current knowledge in bryophyte island biogeography and outline main research avenues for the future in the field. We found that only about 50% of the key current questions in island biogeography have been addressed to some extent, at least once, in bryophytes. Even fundamental questions that have caught the attention of ecologists since more than one century, such as the species-area relationship, have only rarely been dealt with in bryophytes. The application of the Island Biogeography Theory therefore opens an avenue for research in bryology, and we discuss the most salient features, including species and community phylogenetics, biotic interactions, and invasion biology.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49168581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Studies of sex chromosomes have played a central role in understanding the consequences of suppressed recombination and sex-specific inheritance among several genomic phenomena. However, we argue that these efforts will benefit from a more rigorous examination of haploid UV sex chromosome systems, in which both the female-limited (U) and male-limited (V) experience suppressed recombination and sex-limited inheritance, and both are transcriptionally active in the haploid and diploid states. We review the life cycle differences that generate UV sex chromosomes and genomic data showing that ancient UV systems have evolved independently in many eukaryotic groups, but gene movement on and off the sex chromosomes, and potentially degeneration continue to shape the current gene content of the U and V chromosomes. Although both theory and empirical data show that the evolution of UV sex chromosomes is shaped by many of the same processes that govern diploid sex chromosome systems, we highlight how the symmetrical inheritance between the UV chromosomes provide an important test of sex-limited inheritance in shaping genome architecture. We conclude by examining how genetic conflict (over sexual dimorphism, transmission-ratio distortion, or parent-offspring conflict) may drive gene gain on UV sex chromosomes, and highlight the role of breeding system in governing the action of these processes. Collectively these observations demonstrate the potential for evolutionary genomic analyses of varied UV sex chromosome systems, combined with natural history studies, to understand how genetic conflict shapes sex chromosome gene content.
{"title":"Does degeneration or genetic conflict shape gene content on UV sex chromosomes","authors":"Sarah B. Carey, Leslie M. Kollar, S. McDaniel","doi":"10.11646/BDE.43.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/BDE.43.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of sex chromosomes have played a central role in understanding the consequences of suppressed recombination and sex-specific inheritance among several genomic phenomena. However, we argue that these efforts will benefit from a more rigorous examination of haploid UV sex chromosome systems, in which both the female-limited (U) and male-limited (V) experience suppressed recombination and sex-limited inheritance, and both are transcriptionally active in the haploid and diploid states. We review the life cycle differences that generate UV sex chromosomes and genomic data showing that ancient UV systems have evolved independently in many eukaryotic groups, but gene movement on and off the sex chromosomes, and potentially degeneration continue to shape the current gene content of the U and V chromosomes. Although both theory and empirical data show that the evolution of UV sex chromosomes is shaped by many of the same processes that govern diploid sex chromosome systems, we highlight how the symmetrical inheritance between the UV chromosomes provide an important test of sex-limited inheritance in shaping genome architecture. We conclude by examining how genetic conflict (over sexual dimorphism, transmission-ratio distortion, or parent-offspring conflict) may drive gene gain on UV sex chromosomes, and highlight the role of breeding system in governing the action of these processes. Collectively these observations demonstrate the potential for evolutionary genomic analyses of varied UV sex chromosome systems, combined with natural history studies, to understand how genetic conflict shapes sex chromosome gene content.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":"43 1","pages":"133–149-133–149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46743715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Stech, M. von Konrat, P. Câmara, Rafael Medina, J. Muñoz, D. Quandt
Table of Contents
目录
{"title":"50th anniversary of IAB (Table of Contents)","authors":"M. Stech, M. von Konrat, P. Câmara, Rafael Medina, J. Muñoz, D. Quandt","doi":"10.11646/bde.43.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.43.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Table of Contents","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46472297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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