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A new riverine species of the liverwort Fossombronia (Pelliales, Fossombroniaceae) from Ecuador 厄瓜多尔苔草Fossobronia的一个河边新种(Pelliales,Fossobroniceae)
Pub Date : 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.39.1.13
B. Crandall-Stotler, S. Gradstein
A large, light green, mat-forming Fossombronia was discovered during explorations in the Rio Anzu Reserve in eastern Ecuador in 2008. The plants were found only on scattered limestone boulders along the Rio Anzu as it flowed through a narrow limestone gorge. A morphological study of specimens collected in 2008, using a combination of optical and scannning electron microscopy, was conducted. A unique suite of characters of this riverine Fossombronia , when compared with those of currently recognized species, supports its recognition as a new species, which is named and described herein as Fossombronia jostii Crand.-Stotl. & Gradst. The restriction of this species to a limestone, riverine habitat is shared by F. texana and F. wrightii , with which it shares some, but not all morphological characters. The impact of a major flooding event on the taxon is discussed, and a key is provided to the six species of Fossombronia currently known from Ecuador.
2008年,在厄瓜多尔东部的Rio Anzu保护区进行勘探时,发现了一个巨大的浅绿色垫状Fossobronia。这些植物只是在安祖河流经狭窄的石灰岩峡谷时,在散落的石灰岩巨石上发现的。采用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜相结合的方法,对2008年采集的标本进行了形态学研究。与目前公认的物种相比,这条河流中的Fossobronia有一套独特的特征,支持其被公认为一个新物种,本文将其命名和描述为Fossobroia jostii Crand-Stotl.&梯度。该物种仅限于石灰岩、河流栖息地,与F.texana和F.wrightii共有,它们具有一些但不是全部的形态特征。讨论了一次重大洪水事件对该分类单元的影响,并提供了厄瓜多尔目前已知的六个Fossobronia物种的关键。
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引用次数: 7
Is phenotypic variation reflected in habitat connectivity? A morphometric comparison of two moss species from insular and continuous habitats of the Amazon Basin 表型变异是否反映在生境连通性上?亚马逊盆地岛状和连续生境两种苔藓的形态比较
Pub Date : 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.39.1.14
Anna Kelly N. C. Da Silva, Cristian S. Dambros, M. Pereira, C. Zartman
The influence of habitat connectivity on dispersal limitation and genetic structure in bryophytes is relatively well researched; however, little is known as to how habitat insularity may impact phenotypic divergences on a continental scale. Here we conduct a morphometric analysis of five quantitative gametophytic traits from two Amazonian Calymperaceae ( Syrrhopodon helicophyllus and Calymperes lonchophyllum ) from contrasting habitats (Amazonian white-sands and terra firme forests) to test whether increased habitat insularity is correlated with greater inter-population divergence in phenotypic variation. We also test how much of the phenotypic variation among the two taxa is explained by three environmental variables (altitude, mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation). The Amazonian species endemic to continuous terra-firme forest ( C. lonchophyllum ) revealed greater geographic structure in phenotypic variation that that of its counterpart ( S. helicophyllus ) of more insular white-sands forest habitats. Furthermore, environmental variables explained more of the phenotypic variation among populations of S. helicophyllus than for those of C. lonchophyllum . We attempt to explain these patterns as a result of either historical factors, divergent adaptive reproductive strategies, phenotypic plasticity and/or differences in the spatial scales of sampling effort among the two species. Understanding the role of habitat heterogeneity on speciation processes is a priority for understanding the origin and maintenance of floristic richness in the Amazon Basin. We propose that bryophyte studies highlighting morphometric data coupled with population genetic structure would greatly contribute to our understanding of evolutionary processes in this megadiverse Biome.
生境连通性对苔藓植物扩散限制和遗传结构的影响研究相对较多;然而,对于栖息地的孤立性如何影响大陆范围内的表型差异,人们知之甚少。在这里,我们对来自对比栖息地(亚马逊白沙和陆地森林)的两个亚马逊灰蝶科(Syrropodon helicophyllus和灰蝶lonchophyllum)的五个定量配子体特征进行了形态计量学分析,以测试栖息地孤立性的增加是否与表型变异中更大的种群间差异相关。我们还测试了这两个分类群之间的表型变异在多大程度上是由三个环境变量(海拔、年平均温度和年平均降水量)解释的。连续陆地森林特有的亚马逊物种(C.lonchophyllum)在表型变异方面显示出比其在更多岛屿白沙森林栖息地的对应物种(S.helicophyllus)更大的地理结构。此外,环境变量解释了螺旋叶梭种群之间的表型变异,而不是长叶梭种群。我们试图将这些模式解释为历史因素、不同的适应性繁殖策略、表型可塑性和/或两个物种之间采样努力的空间尺度差异的结果。了解栖息地异质性在物种形成过程中的作用是了解亚马逊盆地植物区系丰富度的起源和维持的优先事项。我们认为,强调形态计量数据与种群遗传结构的苔藓植物研究将极大地有助于我们理解这种巨大多样性生物的进化过程。
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引用次数: 1
Structure, function and evolution of stomata from a bryological perspective 从苔藓学角度看气孔的结构、功能和演化
Pub Date : 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.39.1.4
Amelia Merced, K. Renzaglia
Stomata are key innovations for the diversification of land plants. They consist of two differentiated epidermal cells or guard cells and a pore between that leads to an internal cavity. Mosses and hornworts are the earliest among extant land plants to have stomata, but unlike those in all other plants, bryophyte stomata are located exclusively on the sporangium of the sporophyte. Liverworts are the only group of plants that are entirely devoid of stomata. Stomata on leaves and stems of tracheophytes are involved in gas exchange and water transport. The function of stomata in bryophytes is highly debated and differs from that in tracheophytes in that they have been implicated in drying and dehiscence of the sporangium. Over the past decade, anatomical, physiological, developmental, and molecular studies have provided new insights on the function of stomata in bryophytes. In this review, we synthesize the contributions of these studies and provide new data on bryophyte stomata. We evaluate the potential role of stomata in moss and hornwort life histories and we identify areas that will provide valuable data in ascertaining the evolutionary history and function of stomata across land plants.
气孔是陆地植物多样化的关键创新。它们由两个分化的表皮细胞或保护细胞组成,它们之间有一个通向内腔的孔。苔藓和角叶植物是现存陆地植物中最早有气孔的,但与所有其他植物不同的是,苔藓植物的气孔仅位于孢子体的孢子囊上。苔草是唯一一组完全没有气孔的植物。管生植物叶片和茎上的气孔参与气体交换和水分输送。苔藓植物中气孔的功能备受争议,与管生植物不同的是,气孔与孢子囊的干燥和开裂有关。在过去的十年里,解剖、生理、发育和分子研究为苔藓植物的气孔功能提供了新的见解。在这篇综述中,我们综合了这些研究的贡献,并提供了苔藓植物气孔的新数据。我们评估了气孔在苔藓和角草生活史中的潜在作用,并确定了将为确定陆地植物气孔的进化史和功能提供有价值数据的区域。
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引用次数: 28
A Tribute to Janice Glime—A Stalwart Contributor to Bryology 向贾尼斯·格莱姆致敬,她是苔藓学的忠实贡献者
Pub Date : 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.39.1.3
N. Slack, D. Vitt
We are very happy to dedicate this book to Janice M. Glime, Professor Emerita at Michigan Technological University.  Her name is probably familiar to more bryologists around the world that any other.  This is largely a result of her management (since 1996) of Bryonet (bryonet-L@mtu.edu), a wonderful bryophyte email discussion and news blog.  Under Janice’s management, Bryonet subscribers grew from about 170 in 1996 to 1,379 members as of March 2017 (http://iab-bryologists-website.blogspot.com/p/past.html).  Bryonet was originally established by Swedish bryologist Gillis Een in 1991 and then managed by Jan-Peter Frahm from 1991–1996.  Under Janice’s management, Bryonet has flourished and provides a key resource to graduate students and biologists from many continents, allowing persons to find sources, identify specimens, have questions answered, and have serious conversations on a variety of questions and methods related to bryophytes.  She was also a long-time IAB Council member and its president from 2005–2009.  In addition, Janice (pronounced Janeece) has been and continues to compose a comprehensive treatise on Bryophyte Ecology, (digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryophyte-ecology/).  Details are updated regularly with new information that anyone can download.  This is the only textbook-style treatment that is available for beginning classes in bryology and thanks to Janice is available free on the internet.
我们很高兴将这本书献给密歇根理工大学名誉教授Janice M.Glime。她的名字可能比其他任何人都更为世界各地的苔藓学家所熟悉。这在很大程度上是她(自1996年以来)管理Bryonet的结果(bryonet-L@mtu.edu),一个精彩的苔藓植物电子邮件讨论和新闻博客。在Janice的管理下,Bryonet的用户从1996年的约170人增长到2017年3月的1379人(http://iab-bryologists-website.blogspot.com/p/past.html)。Bryonet最初由瑞典苔藓学家Gillis Een于1991年建立,1991年至1996年由Jan Peter Frahm管理。在Janice的管理下,Bryonet蓬勃发展,为来自多大洲的研究生和生物学家提供了一个关键资源,使人们能够找到来源、鉴定标本、回答问题,并就与苔藓植物有关的各种问题和方法进行了认真的对话。她也是IAB理事会的长期成员,并在2005-2009年担任理事会主席。此外,Janice(发音为Janeece)一直并将继续撰写一篇关于苔藓植物生态学的综合论文,(digitalcommons.mtu.edu/bryphytolecology/)。详细信息会定期更新,任何人都可以下载。这是唯一一种可用于苔藓学入门课的教科书式治疗方法,多亏了Janice,可以在互联网上免费获得。
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引用次数: 1
Drepanolejeunea glimeae (Marchantiophyta: Lejeuneaceae), a new species from the lowland rainforests of Brunei Darussalam 标题文莱达鲁萨兰国低地热带雨林的一新种- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Pub Date : 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.39.1.7
R. Zhu, H. Mohamed, Chatchaba Promma, L. Shu, Chao-Xian Zhao, Xia-Fang Cheng
A new species, Drepanolejeunea glimeae (Marchantiophyta: Lejeuneaceae), is described and illustrated from Brunei Darussalam. It was discovered in the lowland rainforests in Ulu Temburong. This new species is distinguished by the absence of gynoecial innovations, erectly to obliquely spreading underleaf lobes, large leaf lobule about 1/2 as long as the lobe, acute to obtuse apex of the leaf, occasional occurrence of ribbon-like regenerants at leaf margins, and occasional presence of ocelli in the female bracteole.
记述了文莱达鲁萨兰国的一新种,并作了图解。它是在Ulu Temburong的低地雨林中发现的。该新种的特点是无雌蕊新生物,叶下裂片直立至斜展,叶小叶约为裂片的1/2长,叶先端锐尖至钝,叶缘偶有带状再生体,雌小苞片偶有胚轴。
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引用次数: 3
The Colorful Phenology of Five Common Terricolous Mosses in London, England 英国伦敦五种常见陆生苔藓的色彩物候
Pub Date : 2017-07-24 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.39.1.8
J. Duckett, S. Pressel
Other than general statements about ‘fruiting’ seasons, published floras provide little or no instructive information on moss phenology. Moreover, detailed primary data on reproductive cycles are limited to a very few mosses and remain unknown for the majority of the commonest species. Thus we recorded, over a three year period, the reproductive stages of five very common mosses ( Bryum capillare, B. radiculosum, Grimmia pulvinata, Schistidium crassipilum and Tortula muralis ) growing on walls in London, England, relying throughout on freshly observed materials rather than dried specimens used in most previous studies. In addition to all the stages visible to the naked eye, which we photographed at regular intervals, specimens were examined microscopically for the presence of viable gametangia, young embryos and the condition of the stomata. Each species had its own distinct phenology and an unique sequence of capsule colour changes. In the two Bryum species, gametangium ontogeny, followed by fertilization, takes place in the spring but the embryos remain dormant until the autumn whereas these stages are autumnal in Grimmia pulvinata, Schistidium crassipilum and Tortula muralis with sporophyte development following immediately. Most stages in sporophyte ontogeny occur over the winter months. The time from embryo formation to spore release ranges from over fifteen months in the two Bryum species down to eight months in Schistidium. In all but this last species there is a delay of up to several months between sporophyte maturation and spore release. In Bryum, hygroscopic movements of the annular cells following heavy rain eventually leads to lid shedding. Over the three years of this study the reproductive cycles were generally the same except that damp weather in the autumn promoted capsule expansion in Grimmia and Schistidium and warm dry weather in the spring hastened capsule maturation in Bryum . Whatever the weather conditions, the stomata of the two Bryum species, Grimmia and Tortula were always open suggesting a primary role in capsule desiccation leading to spore discharge rather than the regulation of gaseous exchange.
除了关于“结果”季节的一般陈述外,出版的植物区系在苔藓物候学方面提供的指导信息很少或没有。此外,关于繁殖周期的详细初步数据仅限于极少数藓类,而大多数最常见的物种的数据仍然未知。因此,我们在三年的时间里记录了生长在英国伦敦墙壁上的五种非常常见的苔藓(Bryum capillare, B. radiculosum, Grimmia pulvinata, Schistidium crassipilum和Tortula muralis)的繁殖阶段,完全依靠新鲜观察的材料,而不是在大多数以前的研究中使用的干燥标本。除了定期拍摄肉眼可见的所有阶段外,我们还在显微镜下检查了标本中存活的配子体、幼胚和气孔的状况。每个物种都有自己独特的物候和独特的蒴果颜色变化序列。在这两种Bryum中,配子囊的形成和受精发生在春季,但胚胎休眠到秋季,而在Grimmia pulvinata, Schistidium crassipilum和Tortula muralis中,这些阶段是秋季,孢子体发育紧随其后。孢子体个体发育的大部分阶段发生在冬季。从胚胎形成到孢子释放的时间从两个Bryum物种的15个月到Schistidium的8个月不等。除了最后一种外,在孢子体成熟和孢子释放之间都有长达几个月的延迟。在Bryum中,大雨后环状细胞的吸湿运动最终导致盖子脱落。在本研究的三年中,除了秋季潮湿的天气促进了grimia和Schistidium的蒴果膨胀,春季温暖干燥的天气加速了Bryum的蒴果成熟外,生殖周期基本相同。无论天气条件如何,两种Bryum物种Grimmia和Tortula的气孔总是打开的,这表明其主要作用是导致孢子排出的蒴果干燥,而不是调节气体交换。
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引用次数: 6
Phylogeny of Neckeropsis and Himantocladium (Neckeraceae, Bryophytina) 颈藓科苔藓植物颈藓属与Himantocladium的系统发育
Pub Date : 2016-12-29 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.38.2.4
Sanna Olsson, J. Enroth, S. Huttunen, D. Quandt
Two closely related tropical genera from the pleurocarpous moss family Neckeraceae are revised: the second largest genus in the family, Neckeropsis , currently with 29 species, and Himantocladium , comprising six species. Twenty-one species of Neckeropsis and five of Himantocladium were included in this study, which is based on phylogenetic analyses using sequence level data from the plastid ( rps4 ) -trnT-trnL-trnF cluster and rpl16 as well as nuclear ITS1 & 2. Neckeropsis appeared as polyphyletic. Neckeropsis s. str. comprises 12 species and a further four species, not included in the analysis, are tentatively retained in the genus based on morphology. Four new genera are segregated from Neckeropsis : Pengchengwua (with one sp.), Planicladium (two spp.), Pseudoparaphysanthus (five spp.), and Neckeromnion (five spp.). Neckeropsis gracilis is synonymized with Neckeromnion urocladum and reported for the first time from Laos. Four molecular analyzed species are resolved in the Himantocladium s. str. clade, with a fifth species being added solely on morphological basis. Himantocladium formosicum is transferred to Neckeropsis . Leaf-like paraphyses (ramenta), unique in Neckeropsis s. str. , have evolved two times. In addition, the rare Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum from the Himalayan region, the single species in its genus, was included in a phylogenetic analysis for the first time and it was found to be closely related to the Asian genus Taiwanobryum .
修订了胸膜藓科颈藓科两个密切相关的热带属:该科第二大属颈藓属,目前有29种,和Himantocladium,包括6种。本研究基于质体(rps4) -trnT-trnL-trnF簇和rpl16以及核ITS1和2的序列水平数据进行系统发育分析,包括21种颈藓属和5种Himantocladium。颈藓呈多系性。Neckeropsis s. str.包括12种,另有4种根据形态初步保留在属中,未列入分析。从Neckeropsis中分离出4个新属:Pengchengwua(1属)、Planicladium(2属)、pseudoparparysanthus(5属)和Neckeromnion(5属)。细颈冈属(Neckeromnion urocladum)是老挝首次报道的植物。在Himantocladium s. str.枝中解析出了4个分子分析种,仅在形态学基础上添加了第5种。福尔摩梭菌转移到Neckeropsis。在Neckeropsis s.str .中独特的叶状畸形(ramenta)已经进化了两次。此外,首次将喜马拉雅地区罕见的Noguchiodendron sphaerocarpum属单种纳入系统发育分析,发现其与亚洲的台湾obryum属亲缘关系较近。
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引用次数: 14
The first Indian record of Pogonatum marginatum Mitt. (Polytrichaceae) from the Western Ghats 第一个印第安人记录的毛竹。来自西高止山脉的蓼科植物
Pub Date : 2016-10-12 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.38.2.2
A. Daniels, K. Kariyappa, J. Hyvönen, N. Bell
Pogonatum marginatum has been previously known from Sri Lanka and Vietnam. It was recently collected in the Agasthyamalai Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats (Kerala and Tamil Nadu), this being the first record of the plant in India. We provide a detailed description of the species with figures and a photographic plate, plus novel chloroplast gene sequences of the Indian plant, another specimen of the same species, and a close relative.
以前在斯里兰卡和越南发现了黄精。它最近在西高止山脉(喀拉拉邦和泰米尔纳德邦)的Agasthyamalai生物圈保护区被收集,这是印度首次记录该植物。我们提供了该物种的详细描述,包括图形和照相板,以及印度植物的新叶绿体基因序列,同一物种的另一个标本和近亲。
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引用次数: 2
Additions to the bryophyte flora of Guadeloupe archipelago (Lesser Antilles) 瓜德罗普群岛(小安的列斯群岛)新增苔藓植物区系
Pub Date : 2016-10-12 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.38.2.3
Elisabeth Lavocat Bernard, C. Reeb
13 liverworts, 6 mosses and 1 hornwort are newly reported from the Guadeloupe archipelago. Mytilopsis albifrons, Plagiochila gymnocalycina var. surinamensis , Prionolejeunea muricatoserrulata and Syrrhopodon cymbifolius, are reported as new from the West Indies.
瓜德罗普群岛新报道苔类植物13种,藓类植物6种,角苔类植物1种。报道了西印度群岛新发现的白斑丝虫病(mytillopsis albifrons)、裸萼棘球绦虫(Plagiochila gymnocalycina vars . surinamensis)、单胞棘球绦虫(Prionolejeunea muricatoserrulata)和cymbifolius。
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引用次数: 3
Sporophytes newly found for Taiwanobryum guangdongense (Neckeraceae, Bryophyta) from Taiwan 文章标题台湾广东野樱属(颈藓科,苔藓植物)孢子体新发现
Pub Date : 2016-04-13 DOI: 10.11646/BDE.38.1.2
H. Akiyama, J. Enroth
Female sexual organs and sporophytes of Taiwanobryum guangdongense (Neckeraceae) are reported for the first time. The relatively short and mammillose setae in the upper part and the ovoid to shortly cylindric capsules resemble those of T. mucronatum .
本文首次报道了广东台胚的雌性性器官和孢子体。上部的相对短的和乳状的刚毛和卵球形到短圆筒状的蒴果类似于T. mucronatum。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
Bryophyte diversity and evolution
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