New localities of Bryocrumia vivicolor (Broth. & Dixon) W.R.Buck, a monotypic species, is first reported from Japan and Taiwan. Some old specimens of B. vivicolor were discovered at the herbarium of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (NICH). These old specimens were from 4 regions in Japan, which are Oita, Miyazaki, Wakayama and Hyogo Prefecture, and 2 regions in Taiwan , which are Mt. Anma-shan and Mt. Li.
{"title":"Bryocrumia vivicolor, new localities in Japan and Taiwan","authors":"Wonhee Kim, Tomio Yamaguchi","doi":"10.11646/bde.42.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.42.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"New localities of Bryocrumia vivicolor (Broth. & Dixon) W.R.Buck, a monotypic species, is first reported from Japan and Taiwan. Some old specimens of B. vivicolor were discovered at the herbarium of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory (NICH). These old specimens were from 4 regions in Japan, which are Oita, Miyazaki, Wakayama and Hyogo Prefecture, and 2 regions in Taiwan , which are Mt. Anma-shan and Mt. Li.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11646/bde.42.1.5","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44168386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lovanomenjanahary Marline, T. Hedderson, C. Ah‐Peng
Understanding spatial variation in species composition of different communities is key to understanding the processes that generate and maintain biodiversity. The partitioning of diversity into hierarchical scale-related components is an interesting approach to quantitatively defining the overall net biodiversity from hierarchically scaled studies and is a useful method in studies of conservation biology and restoration. This paper deals with the additive partitioning of the overall diversity and the partitioning of beta-diversity of epiphytic bryophytes along an elevational gradient in Madagascar. The aim is to describe the variation in species composition between sites and to elucidate why different species occur in different communities in the Marojejy National Park (250–2050 m). We looked at the contribution of α and β diversity to total diversity were calculated from four hierarchical scales: microhabitat (50 cm2), quadrat (4 m2), plot (100 m2) and elevation (every 200 m). Furthermore, we documented how the two components of beta-diversity (turnover and nestedness) are influenced by variation in elevation. Our result suggests that more variation in species richness was found within the elevational scales, than within microplot scales, confirming that beta diversity at the largest sampling scale is the largest contributor to the total diversity. It indicates that bryophyte species among sample within each level are a subsample of the same species pool. This study shows evidence that the beta-diversity of epiphytic bryophyte assemblages is dominated by high spatial turnover due to recruitment of new species along the Marojejy transect, a clear pattern for mountains.
{"title":"Diversity partitioning and community structure of epiphytic bryophytes along an elevational gradient in the north-eastern Madagascar","authors":"Lovanomenjanahary Marline, T. Hedderson, C. Ah‐Peng","doi":"10.11646/bde.42.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.42.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding spatial variation in species composition of different communities is key to understanding the processes that generate and maintain biodiversity. The partitioning of diversity into hierarchical scale-related components is an interesting approach to quantitatively defining the overall net biodiversity from hierarchically scaled studies and is a useful method in studies of conservation biology and restoration. This paper deals with the additive partitioning of the overall diversity and the partitioning of beta-diversity of epiphytic bryophytes along an elevational gradient in Madagascar. The aim is to describe the variation in species composition between sites and to elucidate why different species occur in different communities in the Marojejy National Park (250–2050 m). We looked at the contribution of α and β diversity to total diversity were calculated from four hierarchical scales: microhabitat (50 cm2), quadrat (4 m2), plot (100 m2) and elevation (every 200 m). Furthermore, we documented how the two components of beta-diversity (turnover and nestedness) are influenced by variation in elevation. Our result suggests that more variation in species richness was found within the elevational scales, than within microplot scales, confirming that beta diversity at the largest sampling scale is the largest contributor to the total diversity. It indicates that bryophyte species among sample within each level are a subsample of the same species pool. This study shows evidence that the beta-diversity of epiphytic bryophyte assemblages is dominated by high spatial turnover due to recruitment of new species along the Marojejy transect, a clear pattern for mountains.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42752507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent progresses of knowledge on Riccia diversity in Cape Verde islands are briefly surveyed. The occurrence of two remarkable Riccia species in this archipelago is examined, and their overall distribution is presented. Riccia atropurpurea Sim and R. congoana Steph. are noteworthy liverwort species, here reported for the first time for Cape Verde islands, from specimens collected in Fogo island. Main diagnosing characters and those of related taxa, habitat preferences, illustrations, scanning electron micrographs and updated ranges of the species are presented.
{"title":"Two remarkable new Riccia (Marchantiales, Ricciaceae) records for the bryophyte flora of Cape Verde Islands, an important biogeographical refuge area","authors":"C. Sérgio, I. Melo","doi":"10.11646/bde.41.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.41.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Recent progresses of knowledge on Riccia diversity in Cape Verde islands are briefly surveyed. The occurrence of two remarkable Riccia species in this archipelago is examined, and their overall distribution is presented. Riccia atropurpurea Sim and R. congoana Steph. are noteworthy liverwort species, here reported for the first time for Cape Verde islands, from specimens collected in Fogo island. Main diagnosing characters and those of related taxa, habitat preferences, illustrations, scanning electron micrographs and updated ranges of the species are presented.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":"41 1","pages":"71-76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45266273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pachylomidium, a new genus in the Pottiaceae, including the new species P. pacificum, is described from Guam. Two additional Asian species of Barbula are transferred. The special character of the Guam climate and the broad range of the genus in the Asian tropics and subtropics is discussed.
{"title":"A New Genus and Species of Pottiaceae (Bryophyta) from Guam Territory, U.S.A., western Pacific","authors":"R. Zander, B. Allen","doi":"10.11646/bde.41.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.41.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Pachylomidium, a new genus in the Pottiaceae, including the new species P. pacificum, is described from Guam. Two additional Asian species of Barbula are transferred. The special character of the Guam climate and the broad range of the genus in the Asian tropics and subtropics is discussed.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":"41 1","pages":"65-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48758477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taxonomic re-examination of the Gammiella ceylonensis complex is done in the light of Sematophyllaceae-Pylaisiadelphaceae circumscription based on morphological and molecular (cpDNAs: rbcL, rps4, and trnL-F) phylogenetic analyses. Three new genera are proposed to accommodate the newly recognized clades. The first is Clastobryellina that is raised from a section level under Clastobryella to include four species—two are existing species with new combinations proposed here (C. ceylonensis, C. merrillii), and two are new species described here (C. lutea, C. orientalis). Clastobryum sect. Clastobryellina is lectotypified by Clastobryum merrillii. The second is Bonnosukea, a new genus described to accommodate only B. serrulata, which is formerly included in Clastobryum, but is shown to be sister to the genus. The last is Microgammiella, a new monotypic genus that is sister to Aptychella, with a newly described species M. flagelliformis. Three species of Clastobryellina, except for a northern Thailand endemic C. lutea, show wide and disjunct distribution in East Asia.
基于形态学和分子(cpdna: rbcL、rps4和trnL-F)系统发育分析，根据sematophylaceae - pylaisiadelphaceae的划分对Gammiella ceylonensis复合体进行了重新分类。提出了三个新属来容纳新认识的分支。第一种是Clastobryellina，它从clastobryellella的一个剖面水平上升到包括4个种，其中2个是本文提出的新组合的现有种(C. ceylonensis, C. merrillii)， 2个是本文描述的新种(C. lutea, C. orientalis)。碎裂胚科。碎裂胚属以美丽碎裂胚为典型。第二种是Bonnosukea，这是一个新属，被描述为只容纳B. serrulata，它以前被包括在裂胚属中，但被证明是该属的姐妹。最后是微gammiella，一个新的单型属，是Aptychella的姊妹属，还有一个新描述的种鞭毛芽胞杆菌。除泰国北部特有的黄颡鱼外，3种裂球藻在东亚均有广泛而不间断的分布。
{"title":"Phylogenetic re-examination of the “Gammiella ceylonensis” complex reveals three new genera in the Pylaisiadelphaceae (Bryophyta)","authors":"H. Akiyama","doi":"10.11646/bde.41.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/bde.41.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Taxonomic re-examination of the Gammiella ceylonensis complex is done in the light of Sematophyllaceae-Pylaisiadelphaceae circumscription based on morphological and molecular (cpDNAs: rbcL, rps4, and trnL-F) phylogenetic analyses. Three new genera are proposed to accommodate the newly recognized clades. The first is Clastobryellina that is raised from a section level under Clastobryella to include four species—two are existing species with new combinations proposed here (C. ceylonensis, C. merrillii), and two are new species described here (C. lutea, C. orientalis). Clastobryum sect. Clastobryellina is lectotypified by Clastobryum merrillii. The second is Bonnosukea, a new genus described to accommodate only B. serrulata, which is formerly included in Clastobryum, but is shown to be sister to the genus. The last is Microgammiella, a new monotypic genus that is sister to Aptychella, with a newly described species M. flagelliformis. Three species of Clastobryellina, except for a northern Thailand endemic C. lutea, show wide and disjunct distribution in East Asia.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":"41 1","pages":"35-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45648763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ectropothecium is a genus of Hypnaceae, consisting of epiphytic or lithophytic species that are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical forests. With 233 currently accepted species, the genus has one of the most difficult taxonomies among pleurocarpous mosses. Delimitation of Ectropothecium has been challenging because of morphological convergence between closely related genera within the Hypnaceae, namely Hypnum , Isopterygium , Taxiphyllum , and Vesicularia . Redefining the generic limits is based on reassessment of seven critically important morphological features, i.e., branching pattern, pseudoparaphyllium type, leaf shape, laminal cell surface, alar cell formation, capsule size, and exothecial cell walls. Microscopic images of morphological and anatomical important features are used to show generic characteristics. The five closely related genera are morphologically distinct, but oftentimes difficult to separate apart without considering several features at the same time. The generic delineation of Ectropothecium is provided. Neoptychophyllum (Hypnaceae), a new name is proposed for the genus Ptychophyllum , an illegitimate homonym and a previous generic synonym of Ectropothecium .
{"title":"Disentangling the taxonomy and morphology of Ectropothecium (Bryophyta: Hypnaceae s.l .) with comments on its generic relationships, and Neoptychophyllum , a new name for the genus Ptychophyllum","authors":"Si He","doi":"10.11646/BDE.41.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/BDE.41.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Ectropothecium is a genus of Hypnaceae, consisting of epiphytic or lithophytic species that are mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical forests. With 233 currently accepted species, the genus has one of the most difficult taxonomies among pleurocarpous mosses. Delimitation of Ectropothecium has been challenging because of morphological convergence between closely related genera within the Hypnaceae, namely Hypnum , Isopterygium , Taxiphyllum , and Vesicularia . Redefining the generic limits is based on reassessment of seven critically important morphological features, i.e., branching pattern, pseudoparaphyllium type, leaf shape, laminal cell surface, alar cell formation, capsule size, and exothecial cell walls. Microscopic images of morphological and anatomical important features are used to show generic characteristics. The five closely related genera are morphologically distinct, but oftentimes difficult to separate apart without considering several features at the same time. The generic delineation of Ectropothecium is provided. Neoptychophyllum (Hypnaceae), a new name is proposed for the genus Ptychophyllum , an illegitimate homonym and a previous generic synonym of Ectropothecium .","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":"41 1","pages":"17-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44375191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Crandall-Stotler, J. C. Benavides, R. Stotler, L. Forrest
Several populations of a partially submerged, robust, morphologically distinct Fossombronia were personally collected in central Mexico and several high elevation subpáramo communities in Venezuela. Comparative morphological studies of these populations with the type collections of F. peruviana, F. herzogii, F. ptychophylla, and F. australis, and a phylogenetic analysis of three chloroplast loci in 18 morphologically defined species of the genus were conducted to determine the taxonomic status of these populations. Both studies support the recognition of these populations as a new species of Fossombronia, which is named and described herein as Fossombronia delgadilloana. This new species resolves in a clade that is sister to F. peruviana, and is characterized by horizontal, planate, sub-longitudinally inserted leaves, widely dispersed antheridia, with basally expanded stalks, stipitate caulocalyces that lack lamellae, obovoid to ellipsoidal capsules, I-type inner capsule wall thickenings, and spores that are > 40µm, with reticulate distal wall ornamentation. Fossombronia herzogii is recognized as a new synonym of F. peruviana, and a new lectotype is designated for F. ptychophylla.
{"title":"A new species of Fossombronia (Marchantiophyta, Fossombroniineae,Fossombroniaceae) from high elevation mires in Latin America","authors":"B. Crandall-Stotler, J. C. Benavides, R. Stotler, L. Forrest","doi":"10.11646/BDE.41.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/BDE.41.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Several populations of a partially submerged, robust, morphologically distinct Fossombronia were personally collected in central Mexico and several high elevation subpáramo communities in Venezuela. Comparative morphological studies of these populations with the type collections of F. peruviana, F. herzogii, F. ptychophylla, and F. australis, and a phylogenetic analysis of three chloroplast loci in 18 morphologically defined species of the genus were conducted to determine the taxonomic status of these populations. Both studies support the recognition of these populations as a new species of Fossombronia, which is named and described herein as Fossombronia delgadilloana. This new species resolves in a clade that is sister to F. peruviana, and is characterized by horizontal, planate, sub-longitudinally inserted leaves, widely dispersed antheridia, with basally expanded stalks, stipitate caulocalyces that lack lamellae, obovoid to ellipsoidal capsules, I-type inner capsule wall thickenings, and spores that are > 40µm, with reticulate distal wall ornamentation. Fossombronia herzogii is recognized as a new synonym of F. peruviana, and a new lectotype is designated for F. ptychophylla.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43508436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In our recent paper on the relationships of 21 European Hypnum taxa we introduced the name Hypnum subcomplanatum Hedenäs, Schlesak & D. Quandt as a new name at the species level, based on the basionym Hypnum cupressiforme var. subjulaceum Molendo (Schlesak et al. 2018). We were aware that H. cupressiforme var. subjulaceum had already been elevated and combined at the species rank (Stereodon subjulaceum (Molendo) Loeske & Osterwald [Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 49: 65. 1907)], but unfortunately overlooked that Hypnum subjulaceum Besch. was not validly published. The latter therefore cannot block a species level combination in Hypnum based on H. cupressiforme var. subjulaceum Molendo (Art. 53.1 of the Code). Because no homonym issues exist, the epithet ’subjulaceum’ has priority when combined under Hypnum. The new combination follows:
在我们最近关于21个欧洲Hypnum分类群的关系的论文中，我们介绍了Hypnum subplanatum Hedenäs, Schlesak & D. Quandt作为物种水平上的新名称，基于basionym Hypnum cupressiforme var. subjulaceum Molendo (Schlesak et al. 2018)。我们注意到H. cupressiforme var. subjulaceum已经在种级上被提升和合并(Stereodon subjulaceum (Molendo) Loeske & Osterwald [Verh])。机器人。联盟箴言。勃兰登堡49:65。1907)]，但不幸的是忽略了Hypnum subulaceum Besch。未被有效发表。因此，后者不能阻止基于H. cupressiforme var. subjulaceum Molendo的Hypnum物种水平组合(法典第53.1条)。由于不存在同音问题，因此在Hypnum下组合时，“subulaceum”具有优先权。新的组合如下:
{"title":"Addendum to Hypnum subcomplanatum Hedenäs, Schlesak, D. Quandt","authors":"Saskia Schlesak, L. Hedenäs, M. Nebel, D. Quandt","doi":"10.11646/BDE.41.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/BDE.41.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"In our recent paper on the relationships of 21 European Hypnum taxa we introduced the name Hypnum subcomplanatum Hedenäs, Schlesak & D. Quandt as a new name at the species level, based on the basionym Hypnum cupressiforme var. subjulaceum Molendo (Schlesak et al. 2018). We were aware that H. cupressiforme var. subjulaceum had already been elevated and combined at the species rank (Stereodon subjulaceum (Molendo) Loeske & Osterwald [Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 49: 65. 1907)], but unfortunately overlooked that Hypnum subjulaceum Besch. was not validly published. The latter therefore cannot block a species level combination in Hypnum based on H. cupressiforme var. subjulaceum Molendo (Art. 53.1 of the Code). Because no homonym issues exist, the epithet ’subjulaceum’ has priority when combined under Hypnum. The new combination follows:","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44162177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The pleurocarpous moss genus Hypnum s.l. is a species-rich (> 40 species) cosmopolitan genus, of which 21 taxa occur in Europe. Although several of these species show high morphological resemblance there are strong indications that the genus is highly paraphyletic, which may be masked by convergent morphological evolution. Using molecular information, we analyse whether the morphological similarity of gametophytes of the European Hypnum taxa is explained by common ancestry or convergence. We provide a phylogenetic reconstruction of the relationships of the currently recognized European Hypnum taxa in a broad pleurocarpous moss context (192 taxa) using the nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, the plastid rps4 gene and trnL-F, and the mitochondrial nad5 intron. Bayesian tree topologies show that the genus is polyphyletic, and we retain only the Hypnum cupressiforme complex within Hypnum. The genus originally represented half of the moss species diversity, as it accommodated basically all pleurocarpous mosses; here we retain only seven species and one variety. The remainder of the species where resolved either within the three families Amblystegiaceae, Entodontaceae, and Pylaisiaceae, or in an independent clade that we describe as the new family Stereodontaceae. The Stereodontaceae includes five European species, all in the genus Stereodon, where they were already placed in the 18th century. In addition, we describe the four new genera Aquilonium, Insomniella, Jochenia, and Lignocariosa, and make new combinations for several Hypnum species.
{"title":"Cleaning a taxonomic dustbin: placing the European Hypnum species in a phylogenetic context!","authors":"Saskia Schlesak, L. Hedenäs, M. Nebel, D. Quandt","doi":"10.11646/BDE.40.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11646/BDE.40.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The pleurocarpous moss genus Hypnum s.l. is a species-rich (> 40 species) cosmopolitan genus, of which 21 taxa occur in Europe. Although several of these species show high morphological resemblance there are strong indications that the genus is highly paraphyletic, which may be masked by convergent morphological evolution. Using molecular information, we analyse whether the morphological similarity of gametophytes of the European Hypnum taxa is explained by common ancestry or convergence. We provide a phylogenetic reconstruction of the relationships of the currently recognized European Hypnum taxa in a broad pleurocarpous moss context (192 taxa) using the nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2, the plastid rps4 gene and trnL-F, and the mitochondrial nad5 intron. Bayesian tree topologies show that the genus is polyphyletic, and we retain only the Hypnum cupressiforme complex within Hypnum. The genus originally represented half of the moss species diversity, as it accommodated basically all pleurocarpous mosses; here we retain only seven species and one variety. The remainder of the species where resolved either within the three families Amblystegiaceae, Entodontaceae, and Pylaisiaceae, or in an independent clade that we describe as the new family Stereodontaceae. The Stereodontaceae includes five European species, all in the genus Stereodon, where they were already placed in the 18th century. In addition, we describe the four new genera Aquilonium, Insomniella, Jochenia, and Lignocariosa, and make new combinations for several Hypnum species.","PeriodicalId":93270,"journal":{"name":"Bryophyte diversity and evolution","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.11646/BDE.40.2.3","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47736962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Renzaglia, Juan Carlos Villarreal Aguilar, D. Garbary
The origin and early diversification of land plants is one of the major unresolved problems in evolutionary biology. Occurring nearly half a billion years ago, the transmigration of green organisms to land changed the landscape and provided the food source for terrestrial life to invade a vast uninhabited space, adapt and radiate. Although bryophytes (mosses, liverworts and hornworts) are often regarded as the earliest terrestrial organisms, the order of their divergence remains contentious even as molecular analyses become more conclusive with expanded taxon sampling, massive genetic data and more sophisticated methods of analysis (Cox et al. 2018; Morris et al. 2018). Indeed, virtually every combination of relationships among bryophytes has been proposed based on molecules (Qiu et al. 2006; Wickett et al. 2014; Cox et al. 2018). Fortunately, in 2018 it appears that we are approaching a consensus based on molecules, and that is that although bryophytes may or may not be monophyletic, mosses plus liverworts form a natural group (Puttick et al. 2018). In this essay, we point out that this inference is neither new nor surprising as it has been the fundamental conclusion of morphological analyses for over 25 years starting with an exhaustive cladistic analysis of characters associated with motile cell development in green plants (Garbary et al. 1993).
陆地植物的起源和早期多样化是进化生物学中尚未解决的主要问题之一。发生在近5亿年前，绿色生物向陆地的迁移改变了景观，为陆地生物入侵广阔的无人居住空间、适应和辐射提供了食物来源。尽管苔藓植物(苔藓、苔类和角苔类)通常被认为是最早的陆生生物，但它们的分化顺序仍然存在争议，即使随着分类单元采样的扩大、大量遗传数据和更复杂的分析方法，分子分析变得更加确凿(Cox et al. 2018;Morris et al. 2018)。事实上，几乎所有苔藓植物之间的关系组合都是基于分子提出的(Qiu et al. 2006;Wickett et al. 2014;Cox et al. 2018)。幸运的是，在2018年，我们似乎正在接近基于分子的共识，即尽管苔藓植物可能是单系植物，也可能不是单系植物，但苔藓和苔类植物形成了一个自然群体(Puttick et al. 2018)。在本文中，我们指出，这一推论既不新颖也不令人惊讶，因为从对绿色植物中与运动细胞发育相关的特征进行详尽的分支分析开始，这已经是25年来形态学分析的基本结论(Garbary et al. 1993)。
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