Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine最新文献

The reorganization of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and changes in mitochondrial fission were evaluated using the kainate model of temporal lobe epilepsy. In 28 days after administration of 0.5 μg kainic acid, disturbances in the distribution of neuronal precursors in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus, thickening of the granular layer, and an increase in the content of synaptophysin in the molecular layer were detected. The observed changes were accompanied by an increase in the content of mitochondrial fission regulator protein Drp1 (dynamin related protein) and modification of the mitochondrial network in granular neurons of the dentate gyrus. These observations indicate a significant role of Drp1 in pathological rearrangements of the hippocampus during epileptogenesis and allow considering it as a potential target for pharmacological agents.

The development of chronic heart failure (CHF) was induced in 24-month-old male Wistar rats weighing 550-600 g by 4 subcutaneous injections of isoproterenol hydrochloride (ISO) at a dose of 10 mg/kg with 3-day intervals. The control group received injections of saline. The rats were euthanized 60 days after the last ISO/saline injection. The mortality rate in the group of rats with CHF was 30%. Histological studies showed morphological changes in the myocardium, kidneys, and lungs typical of CHF. The presented scheme of ISO administration can be used for modeling CHF in 24-month-old rats.

Combined proton-neutron therapy can be the best opportunity for neutron radiation therapy due to highly conformal proton irradiation and high relative biological effectiveness of neutrons. The study compares 4 schemes of sequential in vitro exposure of Chinese hamster fibrosarcoma cells B14-150 to 14.5 MeV neutrons and a scanning beam of protons. Treatment efficiency increased with increasing the contribution of the neutron component to the total dose from 30 to 40% and the delivery of the neutron dose as the first fraction in the two-fraction proton-neutron exposure.

Epithelial progenitor cells of the primitive pancreatic ducts differentiate in 3 directions, which is accompanied by changes in cell phenotype. We analyze the distribution of the pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) in the epithelial cells of pancreatic ducts during the prenatal development in order to determine the potential use of this marker as an indicator of pancreatic cell maturation. Pancreatic autopsies from human fetuses (gestation weeks 17-23) were examined by immunohistochemical methods. In general, PDX1 was detected in the epithelial cells that are involved in various morphogenetic processes related to the growth and branching of the fetal pancreatic ducts. The intensive positive reaction to PDX1/cytokeratin 19 indicates immature (progenitor) polypotent ductal cells.

We studied morphofunctional features of human platelets exposed in vitro to low-pulse laser radiation (LPLR) with different wavelengths. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) was irradiated at wavelengths of 635, 488, and 355 nm. LPLR with λ=635 nm and 1 W power after 10 min caused degranulation of many platelets, formation of small platelet conglomerates, and accelerated platelet adhesion on glass. LPLR with λ=635 nm and 2 mW and LPLR with λ=488 nm did not cause significant changes in the morphofunctional platelet status. LPLR with λ=355 nm induced massive platelets' deformation, sharp decrease in their morphofunctional status without activation.

A promising area in the search for effective and safe methods of pharmacotherapy for gastric ulcers is the study of bioactive substances of natural origin and derivatives synthesized on the basis of these substances. The review presents modern information on various peptide-based substances that are pharmacologically active against gastric ulcer, including analogues of natural neuropeptides, synthetic substances with a specific amino acid sequence, as well as drugs derived from biological peptide complexes. Based on the results of the analysis, we have assessed the prospects of this pharmacological approach and outlined the areas for further research.

Disorders in the composition of the microbiota are often associated with pathological processes in the body. The use of new biotherapeutic drugs containing bacteria from normal microflora to correct these disorders may contribute to more effective treatment. The Bacteroidaceae family dominating in microflora is a candidate for inclusion in bacterial preparations. The adhesion properties of five bacterial strains from the Bacteroidaceae family were analyzed using the Caco-2 cell line and their effect on the transepithelial electrical resistance parameters (TEER) was assessed to determine the extent of their impact on the cell monolayer integrity. This approach allowed the selection of strain B. intestinalis 181, which was characterized by a moderate adhesion activity combined with a relatively low effect on the TEER parameter.

The tissue preparations of the pelvic veins obtained during laparoscopy were examined. The expression of markers of proliferation (Ki-67), apoptosis (p53), and angiogenesis (CD31, CD34), as well as estrogen and progesterone receptors in women with pelvic varicose veins was assessed by the immunohistochemical method. A decrease in the median expression of the proliferation marker (Ki-67) and estrogen and progesterone receptors and simultaneous increase in the expression of apoptosis marker (p53) and activation of angiogenesis processes (markers CD31 and CD34) were observed with increasing the severity of the disease. These data extend our understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of pelvic varicose veins and contribute to the development of methods of pathogenetically based targeted therapy.

We studied the effect of bone marrow cells (BMC) and nanosecond repetitively pulsed microwaves (RPMs, 10 GHz, pulse duration 100 nsec, pulse repetition rate 8 Hz, peak power flux density (pPFD) 140 W/cm²) on the regeneration of thermally damaged skin in rats. The combined use of BMC and RPMs accelerates separation of an eschar with its complete rejection on day 14 of the experiment. Histological analysis demonstrated a statistically significant increase in the relative area of the granulation tissue and thickness of newly formed epidermis in the group with combined exposure. Combined therapy ensured completion of wound epithelialization in 100% of rats by day 30 of the study.

Boundary cap cells are a population of multipotent stem cells that have great potential for the use in the treatment of damaged nervous system. We studied the patterns of distribution of the gap junction protein connexin-43 (Cx43) in boundary cap cells of the ventral root of the spinal cord of rat embryos (E12-E20; n=40). It was found that Cx43 is expressed in ventral boundary cap cells at all stages of its existence during embryogenesis. At the early stages of prenatal development, the cytoplasmic distribution of Cx43 in the boundary cap cells predominates; at the later stages, Cx43-immunopositive punctate structures are identified. These puncta represent gap junction plaques between the cells. It can be assumed that during the early embryogenesis, Cx43 regulates the main histogenetic processes in boundary cap cells and only in the later stages of prenatal development, Cx43-mediated communications are formed between boundary cap cells.