Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine最新文献

The studied substances of the prostate extract have vasomotor activity of varying degree. The substance-mixture Prostatilen at concentrations of 2 and 5 μg/ml causes a positive chronotropic effect increasing the frequency of contractions by 23.7% (p ⩽ 0.01) and 37.6% (p ⩽ 0.01), respectively. The substance-powder Samprost did not affect motor activity of lymphatic vessels at a concentration of 2 μg/ml and inhibited the frequency of contractions by 6.7% (p ⩽ 0.05) at a concentration of 5 μg/ml. The substance Biofac at a concentration of 2 μg/ml has a negative effect on the motor activity of lymphangions changing the parameters of contractile activity in different directions, and at a concentration of 5 μg/ml it inhibits the contractile activity of lymphatic vessels (a 14.2% decrease in contraction frequency; p ⩽ 0.05).

We studied the effect of an anthocyanin-containing complex from Aronia melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott on the main indicators of erythropoiesis in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of mice with Lewis lung carcinoma against the background of doxorubicin treatment. It was found that administration of the anthocyanin-containing complex from A. melanocarpa (Michx.) Elliott to tumor-bearing animals prevents the development of anemic syndrome via stimulation of the erythropoiesis recovery after its inhibition by the cytostatic agent. The mechanisms of erythropoiesis stimulation by the plant-derived complex involve systems of local and distant regulation of proliferation and differentiation of committed erythroid progenitor cells.

We studied changes in gene expression in rats with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) induced by partially biodegradable alginate microspheres. Lung tissue samples were collected 2 and 6 weeks after the last administration of microspheres. Transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations in processes related to the extracellular matrix, cell-cell interactions, and ciliary activity. Histological findings showed thickening of the bronchial walls and increased epithelial thickness; in addition, a higher density of epithelial cells per 50 μm of bronchi was noted at both time points in the CTEPH model. These findings contribute to better understanding of the pathogenesis of lung damage in patients with CTEPH.

We studied the effect of α₂-adrenergic receptors stimulation against the background of I_f blockade on the function Langendorff-isolated rat heart during the acute stage of myocardial infarction. Stimulation of α₂-adrenergic receptors against the background of ZD7288 blocker (10^-9, 10^-5 M) decreased HR, increased the left-ventricular developed pressure and the temporal and velocity characteristics of left-ventricular myocardial contraction, produced a multidirectional effects on coronary flow and duration of left-ventricular myocardial contraction in rats with acute myocardial infarction.

We analyzed the relation between the blood content of modified low-density lipoproteins (mLDL), total hemolytic complement activity (TACS), and heart function parameters in patients with 21-day antiorthostatic hypokinesia. Healthy male volunteers were subjected to 6° head-down bedrest for 21 days. TACS and mLDL were measured in the blood serum. Heart rate variability parameters were calculated from the data obtained using a SACR device in the supine position during free breathing and in two breathing tests (mask test and controlled breathing). The use of the mask test revealed a direct correlation between the level of TACS and the low-frequency component of the heart rhythm and an inverse correlation between end-systolic volume and blood content of mLDL on day 21. The use of breathing tests enhances the correlation between end-systolic volume and mLDL content. Diastolic BP measured during free breathing (without mask) on day 21 positively correlated with mLDL content, and this correlation increased under conditions of functional tests. The correlations between the content of substances associated with the development of atherosclerosis against the background of adaptive inflammatory processes and functional restructuring of the cardiovascular system demonstrate a dynamic state in the human body, which will lead to the development of pathology, in case of sanogenetic mechanisms are insufficient.

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus widely used as a recombinant vector in vaccine development. Several studies have shown that deletion of the C12L, A35R, A40R, and A41L genes from the MVA genome can enhance T-cell and/or humoral immune responses not only to MVA vector proteins, but also to incorporated recombinant antigens. Here, we generated recombinant MVA (rMVA) constructs expressing the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein, each harboring a deletion of one of the C12L, A35R, A40R, or A41L genes, and compared the immune responses in mice vaccinated with these rMVAs. None of these deletions altered T-cell or humoral responses to the Spike protein. However, immunization of mice with rMVAs bearing deletions of the A40R or A41L genes resulted in increased titers of MVA-specific antibodies. Meanwhile, the examined deletions did not affect the T-cell response to MVA itself, with the exception of the C12L gene deletion, which reduced the number of interferon-producing cells in response to MVA-specific peptides.

The main indicators of protein, purine, and lipid metabolism, enzyme activities (AST, ALT, acid phosphatase), and oxidant balance (MDA, diene conjugates, total antioxidant activity, antiradical activity, ceruloplasmin, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol) in the blood plasma were studied in white male rats on day 21 of experimental hypokinesia. Changes in the metabolic profile were found: predominance of catabolic processes and development of oxidative stress. Administration of α-tocopherol during hypokinesia reduced the severity of its negative effect to a greater extent than treatment with ascorbic acid.

Immunofluorescence analysis was used to study the expression pattern of macrophage colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1) in spinal cord cells in a murine model of multiple sclerosis (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis). Marked upregulation of CSF-1⁺ signal was observed in spinal cord astrocytes in both acute and chronic stages of the disease. These findings suggest a potential role for CSF-1 in the pathogenesis and progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis/multiple sclerosis.

Lantibiotics warnerin and hominin isolated from growth media of Staphylococcus warneri DSMZ 16081 and S. hominis GISK 284, respectively, have pronounced immunomodulatory effects. Both peptides significantly modulated the microbicidal potential of leukocytes; the effect depended on the concentration and presence of the inducer. Warnerin inhibited ROS in high concentrations and stimulated ROS production in low concentrations in both spontaneous and stimulated samples. Hominin, on the contrary, enhanced spontaneous ROS production, but inhibited stimulated ROS production. Both peptides decreased the phagocytic activity of monocytes and neutrophils and activated the spontaneous production of both pro- (IL-1β, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines. Comparison of the two peptides revealed that hominin showed higher immunomodulatory activity.

Assessment of fractional anisotropy (FA) in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and measurement of transverse relaxation time T2* in T2*-weighted imaging (T2*WI) are the basic MRI methods used in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, it remains unclear which of these methods is more effective. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of DTI and T2*WI methods to determine which one is more effective in the early diagnosis of PD. For PD modeling, male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 20) were injected with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the right substantia nigra (SN). MRI was performed and FA and T2* of each SN were measured and analyzed every week after surgery over 6 weeks. The ROC curves were used to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of these parameters in the early diagnosis of PD. Significant differences between the lesioned and control SN were revealed for FA and T2* values on weeks 1, 2, 5, and 6 and on weeks 5 and 6 after injection, respectively (p < 0.01). Six weeks after injection, the Youden's indices of FA and T2* were higher compared to the earlier terms of the experiment. The optimal cut-off values of FA and T2* were 0.395 (area under the ROC curve (AUC) = 0.9075, 100% sensitivity, and 70% specificity) and 9.48 msec (AUC = 0.9450, 90% sensitivity, and 95% specificity), respectively. In 6 weeks after 6-OHDA injection, the diagnostic effectiveness of FA and T2* was higher than that determined in previous weeks. The T2* was more effective than FA for early diagnosis of PD.