Iris Solymosi, J. Sabín, H. Maid, Lea Friedrich, E. Nuin, M. E. Pérez‐Ojeda, A. Hirsch
Two [60]fullerene dumbbell-like molecules with a single or double perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (PBI) linker were synthesized to study the structural and photo-physical properties in addition to the complex formation with [10]CPP. Due to their special optical properties, it is possible to describe the complexation using conventional spectroscopic methods such as NMR and fluorescence. However, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) completed the analysis of the bis-pseudorotaxane formation by investigating the binding stoichiometries as well as the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. It was observed that the PBI bridges do not inhibit the complexation with [10]CPP, giving rise to the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes in o-DCB with affinities of around 105 M-1 alike to the [10]CPP⊃C60 reference system. A novel global analysis by combination of data sets from different techniques allowed us to follow the species distribution very precisely. ITC has proven to be a very powerful method for studying the complexation between fullerene derivatives and strained carbon nanohoops, which provides not only binding affinities and stoichiometries, but also all thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the bis-pseudorotaxane formation. These results are of significant interest for the investigation of fullerene complexes in supramolecular chemistry and for their future applications in semiconductors and optoelectronics.
{"title":"Bis-pseudorotaxane Formation of Perylene Bisimide-Linked [60]Fullerene Dumbbell-Like Molecules with [10]Cycloparaphenylene","authors":"Iris Solymosi, J. Sabín, H. Maid, Lea Friedrich, E. Nuin, M. E. Pérez‐Ojeda, A. Hirsch","doi":"10.1055/a-1906-6875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1906-6875","url":null,"abstract":"Two [60]fullerene dumbbell-like molecules with a single or double perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide (PBI) linker were synthesized to study the structural and photo-physical properties in addition to the complex formation with [10]CPP. Due to their special optical properties, it is possible to describe the complexation using conventional spectroscopic methods such as NMR and fluorescence. However, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) completed the analysis of the bis-pseudorotaxane formation by investigating the binding stoichiometries as well as the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. It was observed that the PBI bridges do not inhibit the complexation with [10]CPP, giving rise to the formation of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes in o-DCB with affinities of around 105 M-1 alike to the [10]CPP⊃C60 reference system. A novel global analysis by combination of data sets from different techniques allowed us to follow the species distribution very precisely. ITC has proven to be a very powerful method for studying the complexation between fullerene derivatives and strained carbon nanohoops, which provides not only binding affinities and stoichiometries, but also all thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of the bis-pseudorotaxane formation. These results are of significant interest for the investigation of fullerene complexes in supramolecular chemistry and for their future applications in semiconductors and optoelectronics.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"73 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48565104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phenylene-bridged, TIPS-alkynylated azaacenes are excellent materials for selective gas sorption. In this study we utilized 195 MHz high-fundamental-frequency quartz crystal microbalances (HFF-QCMs), coated with cyclic azaazenes and determined their affinity towards hazardous and narcotics related compounds such as benzene, γ butyrolactone or safrole. Computational investigations by xTB-IFF allowed better understanding of the determined unique features. Remarkable selective affinities were found towards GBL and safrole – both dangerous compounds which can be abused as precursors for narcotics. With these systematic approaches we were able to get a better insight into the selective adsorption and how to design better affinity materials.
{"title":"Experimental and Computational Studies of Phenylene-Bridged Azaacenes as Affinity Materials for Sensing Using Quartz Crystal Microbalances","authors":"Ephraim Prantl, S. Hahn, U. Bunz, S. R. Waldvogel","doi":"10.1055/a-1873-5186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1873-5186","url":null,"abstract":"Phenylene-bridged, TIPS-alkynylated azaacenes are excellent materials for selective gas sorption. In this study we utilized 195 MHz high-fundamental-frequency quartz crystal microbalances (HFF-QCMs), coated with cyclic azaazenes and determined their affinity towards hazardous and narcotics related compounds such as benzene, γ butyrolactone or safrole. Computational investigations by xTB-IFF allowed better understanding of the determined unique features. Remarkable selective affinities were found towards GBL and safrole – both dangerous compounds which can be abused as precursors for narcotics. With these systematic approaches we were able to get a better insight into the selective adsorption and how to design better affinity materials.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43743355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The potential of porphyrin derivatives as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been demonstrated. The structural engineering of porphyrin HTMs provides an important means for further improvement of the performance of PSCs. Herein, a zinc-porphyrin derivative (ZnP-FL) decorated with four fluorene-terminated triarylamines is presented. The lab synthesis cost of ZnP-FL is estimated to be around 32.2 $/g. It exhibits good charge-transport ability and thermal stability. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.31% is achieved by using ZnP-FL HTM (Voc = 1.08 V; Jsc = 24.08 mA cm−2), which is distinctly higher than that of a control HTM without the fluorene groups (PCE = 17.75%; Voc = 0.97 V; Jsc = 24.04 mA cm−2). This performance enhancement is mainly attributed to the improved open-circuit voltage, which benefits from the stabilized HOMO level of ZnP-FL. In addition, the porphyrin HTM-based PSCs show superior air and thermal stability to the device with the standard HTM spiro-OMeTAD. These results demonstrate that the low-cost and easily-accessible porphyrin derivatives are promising HTMs for efficient and stable PSCs.
{"title":"Fluorene-Modified Zinc-Porphyrin as Low-Cost Hole Transporting Material for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Yu-Duan Wang, Jiang-Yang Shao, Zhong-Rui Lan, Yu‐Wu Zhong","doi":"10.1055/a-1873-5360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1873-5360","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of porphyrin derivatives as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been demonstrated. The structural engineering of porphyrin HTMs provides an important means for further improvement of the performance of PSCs. Herein, a zinc-porphyrin derivative (ZnP-FL) decorated with four fluorene-terminated triarylamines is presented. The lab synthesis cost of ZnP-FL is estimated to be around 32.2 $/g. It exhibits good charge-transport ability and thermal stability. A high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.31% is achieved by using ZnP-FL HTM (Voc = 1.08 V; Jsc = 24.08 mA cm−2), which is distinctly higher than that of a control HTM without the fluorene groups (PCE = 17.75%; Voc = 0.97 V; Jsc = 24.04 mA cm−2). This performance enhancement is mainly attributed to the improved open-circuit voltage, which benefits from the stabilized HOMO level of ZnP-FL. In addition, the porphyrin HTM-based PSCs show superior air and thermal stability to the device with the standard HTM spiro-OMeTAD. These results demonstrate that the low-cost and easily-accessible porphyrin derivatives are promising HTMs for efficient and stable PSCs.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44894247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Among the 1,3,5-trisubstituted 2,4,6-triethylbenzenes bearing pyrazolyl groups, the compounds with 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl moieties were found to be effective receptors for ammonium ions (NH4+). The current study investigated the extent to which the incorporation of an additional alkyl group in the 4-position of the pyrazole ring affects the binding properties of the new compounds. 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations and investigations using isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that this small structural variation leads to a significant increase in the binding strength towards NH4+ and also improves the binding preference for NH4+ over K+. In addition to the studies in solution, crystalline complexes of the new triethyl- and trimethylbenzene derivatives, bearing 3,4,5-trialkylpyrazolyl groups, with NH4+PF6¯ were obtained and analyzed in detail. It is noteworthy that two of the crystal structures discussed in this work are characterized by the presence of two types of ammonium complexes. Studies focusing on the development of new artificial ammonium receptors are motivated, among other things, by the need for more selective ammonium sensors than those based on the natural ionophore nonactin.
{"title":"Selective Recognition of Ammonium over Potassium Ion with Acyclic Receptor Molecules Bearing 3,4,5-Trialkylpyrazolyl Groups","authors":"F. Fuhrmann, Wilhelm Seichter, M. Mazik","doi":"10.1055/a-1896-6890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1896-6890","url":null,"abstract":"Among the 1,3,5-trisubstituted 2,4,6-triethylbenzenes bearing pyrazolyl groups, the compounds with 3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl moieties were found to be effective receptors for ammonium ions (NH4+). The current study investigated the extent to which the incorporation of an additional alkyl group in the 4-position of the pyrazole ring affects the binding properties of the new compounds. 1H NMR spectroscopic titrations and investigations using isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that this small structural variation leads to a significant increase in the binding strength towards NH4+ and also improves the binding preference for NH4+ over K+. In addition to the studies in solution, crystalline complexes of the new triethyl- and trimethylbenzene derivatives, bearing 3,4,5-trialkylpyrazolyl groups, with NH4+PF6¯ were obtained and analyzed in detail. It is noteworthy that two of the crystal structures discussed in this work are characterized by the presence of two types of ammonium complexes. Studies focusing on the development of new artificial ammonium receptors are motivated, among other things, by the need for more selective ammonium sensors than those based on the natural ionophore nonactin.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"61 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46281376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liposomes are artificial vesicles, in which an aqueous inner compartment is separated from its environment by a phospholipid membrane. They have been extensively studied as cell membrane models and offer the possibility to confine molecules and chemical reactions to a small sub-micrometer-sized volume. This short review provides an overview of liposome-encapsulated, dynamically self-assembled, supramolecular structures, in which the assembly and disassembly of the supramolecular structures can be followed by optical spectroscopic methods. This includes self-quenched fluorescent dyes and dye/quencher pairs, helical stacks of guanosine nucleotides, dynamic covalent boronate esters, and supramolecular host-guest complexes. The resulting liposomes are typically used to study membrane transport processes, but the results summarized herein also serve as a potential blueprint for studying dynamic self-assembly in confined spaces by optical spectroscopic methods.
{"title":"Dynamically Self-Assembled Supramolecular Probes in Liposomes","authors":"Andreas Hennig","doi":"10.1055/a-1881-0385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1881-0385","url":null,"abstract":"Liposomes are artificial vesicles, in which an aqueous inner compartment is separated from its environment by a phospholipid membrane. They have been extensively studied as cell membrane models and offer the possibility to confine molecules and chemical reactions to a small sub-micrometer-sized volume. This short review provides an overview of liposome-encapsulated, dynamically self-assembled, supramolecular structures, in which the assembly and disassembly of the supramolecular structures can be followed by optical spectroscopic methods. This includes self-quenched fluorescent dyes and dye/quencher pairs, helical stacks of guanosine nucleotides, dynamic covalent boronate esters, and supramolecular host-guest complexes. The resulting liposomes are typically used to study membrane transport processes, but the results summarized herein also serve as a potential blueprint for studying dynamic self-assembly in confined spaces by optical spectroscopic methods.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"53 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41632333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saber Mehrparvar, C. Wölper, R. Gleiter, Gebhard Haberhauer
Chalcogen bonds are noncovalent interactions and are increasingly coming into focus for the design of complex structures in research areas such as crystal engineering, molecular recognition and catalysis. Conceptionally, chalcogen bonds can be considered as interaction between one σ-hole and one Lewis base center. Herein, we analyze the interaction between bidentate chelating ligands having two nucleophilic centers with one single σ-hole of a chalcogenazole (two-lone-pair/one-σ-hole interactions). Referring to this, we show by quantum chemical calculations and X-ray studies that three bond types are possible: in the first case, a chalcogen bond is formed between the σ-hole and only one of the Lewis base centers. In the second case, a strong bond is formed by one nucleophilic center; the second center provides only a small amount of additional stabilization. In the third case, two equivalent bonds to the σ-hole are formed by both Lewis base centers. According to the calculations the bifurcated bonds are stronger than simple chalcogen bonds and lead to a more rigid molecule arrangement in the complex.
{"title":"Bifurcated Chalcogen Bonds Based on One σ-Hole","authors":"Saber Mehrparvar, C. Wölper, R. Gleiter, Gebhard Haberhauer","doi":"10.1055/a-1883-6076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1883-6076","url":null,"abstract":"Chalcogen bonds are noncovalent interactions and are increasingly coming into focus for the design of complex structures in research areas such as crystal engineering, molecular recognition and catalysis. Conceptionally, chalcogen bonds can be considered as interaction between one σ-hole and one Lewis base center. Herein, we analyze the interaction between bidentate chelating ligands having two nucleophilic centers with one single σ-hole of a chalcogenazole (two-lone-pair/one-σ-hole interactions). Referring to this, we show by quantum chemical calculations and X-ray studies that three bond types are possible: in the first case, a chalcogen bond is formed between the σ-hole and only one of the Lewis base centers. In the second case, a strong bond is formed by one nucleophilic center; the second center provides only a small amount of additional stabilization. In the third case, two equivalent bonds to the σ-hole are formed by both Lewis base centers. According to the calculations the bifurcated bonds are stronger than simple chalcogen bonds and lead to a more rigid molecule arrangement in the complex.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"4 1","pages":"43 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46835620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fei Huang, Zheng-wei Hu, Qiri Huang, Chunchen Liu, Ao Song, Lin Shao, Yuanqing Bai, Zhicheng Hu, Kai Zhang, Yong-Li Cao
A donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymer PBTFO-T-1 consisting of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) as A unit and thiophene (T) as D unit was facilely obtained by a straightforward three-step reaction. The BT unit is attached with a fluorine atom and an alkoxy chain to simultaneously endow the polymer with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and desirable solubility. The alkoxyl chains orientation on BT unit has been regulated and the polymer PBTFO-T-2 with regio-regularly oriented side chains was also developed to investigate the impact of the alkoxyl chains orientation on their optoelectronic properties. The PBTFO-T-1: Y6-BO polymer solar cells (PSCs) were processed with non-halogenated solvent and achieve an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.16%, significantly higher than 9.39% of PBTFO-T-2: Y6-BO counterpart. It has been demonstrated that PBTFO-T-1: Y6-BO film exhibits higher and more balanced charge transportation and superior film morphology, resulting in higher exciton generation and dissociation, less recombination and eventually the higher short current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF). This study provides a possible strategy to develop polymer donors with low cost for future commercial applications of PSCs and gives some insights on regulating optoelectronic properties of polymer donors via rationally modifying their side chains orientation.
{"title":"Donor-Acceptor Copolymers with Rationally Regulated Side Chains Orientation for Polymer Solar Cells Processed by Non-Halogenated Solvent","authors":"Fei Huang, Zheng-wei Hu, Qiri Huang, Chunchen Liu, Ao Song, Lin Shao, Yuanqing Bai, Zhicheng Hu, Kai Zhang, Yong-Li Cao","doi":"10.1055/a-1833-8668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1833-8668","url":null,"abstract":"A donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymer PBTFO-T-1 consisting of 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BT) as A unit and thiophene (T) as D unit was facilely obtained by a straightforward three-step reaction. The BT unit is attached with a fluorine atom and an alkoxy chain to simultaneously endow the polymer with a deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level and desirable solubility. The alkoxyl chains orientation on BT unit has been regulated and the polymer PBTFO-T-2 with regio-regularly oriented side chains was also developed to investigate the impact of the alkoxyl chains orientation on their optoelectronic properties. The PBTFO-T-1: Y6-BO polymer solar cells (PSCs) were processed with non-halogenated solvent and achieve an optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.16%, significantly higher than 9.39% of PBTFO-T-2: Y6-BO counterpart. It has been demonstrated that PBTFO-T-1: Y6-BO film exhibits higher and more balanced charge transportation and superior film morphology, resulting in higher exciton generation and dissociation, less recombination and eventually the higher short current density (Jsc) and fill factor (FF). This study provides a possible strategy to develop polymer donors with low cost for future commercial applications of PSCs and gives some insights on regulating optoelectronic properties of polymer donors via rationally modifying their side chains orientation.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48605467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fabian Schwer, Simon Zank, Markus Freiberger, Ramandeep Kaur, Stefan Frühwald, C. Robertson, A. Görling, T. Drewello, D. Guldi, Max von Delius
Within the growing family of strained carbon nanohoops and nanobelts, [10]CPP arguably offers the best compromise between synthetic accessibility and strong binding affinity for C60. In this work, we report the synthesis of two nitrogen-containing analogues of [10]CPP and we systematically compare the structure, optoelectronic properties and C60 binding affinities of this small set of structurally similar macrocycles. While Aza[10]CPP outcompetes the parent compound by approximately one order of magnitude in respect to C60 binding, we found that the reverse was true for the methylaza analogue. Transient absorption studies showed that photo-induced electron transfer occurred readily from [10]CPP and its aza-analogue to an encapsulated C60 guest. Formation of a charge separated complex was not observed however for the N-methylated derivative. These insights will prove useful for further applications of strained nanohoops in supramolecular chemistry and organic electronics.
{"title":"Synthesis and C60 Binding of Aza[10]CPP and N-Methylaza[10]CPP","authors":"Fabian Schwer, Simon Zank, Markus Freiberger, Ramandeep Kaur, Stefan Frühwald, C. Robertson, A. Görling, T. Drewello, D. Guldi, Max von Delius","doi":"10.1055/a-1814-7686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1814-7686","url":null,"abstract":"Within the growing family of strained carbon nanohoops and nanobelts, [10]CPP arguably offers the best compromise between synthetic accessibility and strong binding affinity for C60. In this work, we report the synthesis of two nitrogen-containing analogues of [10]CPP and we systematically compare the structure, optoelectronic properties and C60 binding affinities of this small set of structurally similar macrocycles. While Aza[10]CPP outcompetes the parent compound by approximately one order of magnitude in respect to C60 binding, we found that the reverse was true for the methylaza analogue. Transient absorption studies showed that photo-induced electron transfer occurred readily from [10]CPP and its aza-analogue to an encapsulated C60 guest. Formation of a charge separated complex was not observed however for the N-methylated derivative. These insights will prove useful for further applications of strained nanohoops in supramolecular chemistry and organic electronics.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46784011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrical conductivity is one of the key parameters for organic thermoelectrics and depends on both the concentration and mobility of charge carriers. To increase the carrier concentration, molecular dopants have to be added into organic semiconductor materials, whereas the introduction of dopants can influence the molecular packing structures and hence carrier mobility of the organic semiconductors. Herein, we have theoretically investigated the impact of different n-doping mechanisms on molecular packing and electron transport properties by taking N-DMBI-H and Q-DCM-DPPTT respectively as representative n-dopant and molecular semiconductor. The results show that when the doping reactions and charge transfer spontaneously occur in the solution at room temperature, the oppositely charged dopant and semiconductor molecules will be tightly bound to disrupt the semiconductor to form long-range molecular packing, leading to a substantial decrease of electron mobility in the doped film. In contrast, when the doping reactions and charge transfer are activated by heating the doped film, the molecular packing of the semiconductor is slight affected and hence the electron mobility remains quite high. This work indicates that thermally-activated n-doping is an effective way to achieve both high carrier concentration and high electron mobility in n-type organic thermoelectric materials.
{"title":"Impact of n-Doping Mechanisms on the Molecular Packing and Electron Mobilities of Molecular Semiconductors for Organic Thermoelectrics","authors":"Yan Zeng, G. Han, Yuanping Yi","doi":"10.1055/a-1729-5728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1729-5728","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical conductivity is one of the key parameters for organic thermoelectrics and depends on both the concentration and mobility of charge carriers. To increase the carrier concentration, molecular dopants have to be added into organic semiconductor materials, whereas the introduction of dopants can influence the molecular packing structures and hence carrier mobility of the organic semiconductors. Herein, we have theoretically investigated the impact of different n-doping mechanisms on molecular packing and electron transport properties by taking N-DMBI-H and Q-DCM-DPPTT respectively as representative n-dopant and molecular semiconductor. The results show that when the doping reactions and charge transfer spontaneously occur in the solution at room temperature, the oppositely charged dopant and semiconductor molecules will be tightly bound to disrupt the semiconductor to form long-range molecular packing, leading to a substantial decrease of electron mobility in the doped film. In contrast, when the doping reactions and charge transfer are activated by heating the doped film, the molecular packing of the semiconductor is slight affected and hence the electron mobility remains quite high. This work indicates that thermally-activated n-doping is an effective way to achieve both high carrier concentration and high electron mobility in n-type organic thermoelectric materials.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41484381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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