A series of enantiopure triptycene-based one-handed helical ladder polymers containing π-extended achiral segments with naphthalene, fluorene, and carbazole spacers was synthesized through quantitative and chemoselective ladderization of the corresponding precursor polymers with random-coil conformations. The helical handedness (right- or left-handed) and geometry (loose coil or ribbon) of the resulting ladder polymers were readily modulated by tuning the structure of the achiral spacers despite the incorporation of the same point chirality of the triptycene unit. All the helical secondary structures are stable and robust due to the shape-persistent ladder structures, showing the characteristic and environment-independent chiroptical properties.
{"title":"Secondary Structure Modulation of Triptycene-Based One-Handed Helical Ladder Polymers through π-Extension of Achiral Segments","authors":"Tomoyuki Ikai, Atsuya Tanaka, Takumi Shiotani, Kosuke Oki, Eiji Yashima","doi":"10.1055/a-2208-4389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2208-4389","url":null,"abstract":"A series of enantiopure triptycene-based one-handed helical ladder polymers containing π-extended achiral segments with naphthalene, fluorene, and carbazole spacers was synthesized through quantitative and chemoselective ladderization of the corresponding precursor polymers with random-coil conformations. The helical handedness (right- or left-handed) and geometry (loose coil or ribbon) of the resulting ladder polymers were readily modulated by tuning the structure of the achiral spacers despite the incorporation of the same point chirality of the triptycene unit. All the helical secondary structures are stable and robust due to the shape-persistent ladder structures, showing the characteristic and environment-independent chiroptical properties.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":" 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135291196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of N-doped heptalene-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been synthesized and characterized in comparison with the N-doped azulene analogs. The crystal structure revealed its highly twisted geometry with a dihedral angle of 105.7° in the cove region of the N-doped dibenzoheptalene backbone. In addition, the electronic structure was both theoretically and experimentally investigated compared with the PAH bearing N-doped azulene unit. Our study provides a new synthetic strategy towards N-doped heptalene-embedded PAHs, and gives insights into the electronic properties of novel π-systems with N-doped nonalternant topologies.
{"title":"Synthesis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Highly Twisted N-Doped Heptalene","authors":"Shuhai Qiu, Junzhi Liu","doi":"10.1055/a-2172-1216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2172-1216","url":null,"abstract":"A series of N-doped heptalene-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been synthesized and characterized in comparison with the N-doped azulene analogs. The crystal structure revealed its highly twisted geometry with a dihedral angle of 105.7° in the cove region of the N-doped dibenzoheptalene backbone. In addition, the electronic structure was both theoretically and experimentally investigated compared with the PAH bearing N-doped azulene unit. Our study provides a new synthetic strategy towards N-doped heptalene-embedded PAHs, and gives insights into the electronic properties of novel π-systems with N-doped nonalternant topologies.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41645227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of PTAA (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] polymers were synthesized using a Ni(0) mediated Yamamoto coupling. Polymers with different molecular weights and only one series of well-defined end groups were obtained with various amounts of a tailormade endcapper. This level of structural uniformity has not yet been described for PTAA. By using microwave heating it was possible to shorten the reaction time from at least one day to 30 minutes. The synthetic strategy allows the separation of single PTAA oligomers with up to 6 repeating units and polymer fractions with low dispersities from 1.06 to 1.17 by using preparative size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The carrier mobilities of the PTAA oligomers and polymers were derived from organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Mobilities increase with increasing molecular weight of the PTAAs and are higher compared to commercially available PTAA samples.
{"title":"Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) with Well-Defined End Groups and Narrow Dispersity","authors":"Christian Beck, P. Strohriegl","doi":"10.1055/a-2145-4763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2145-4763","url":null,"abstract":"A series of PTAA (poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] polymers were synthesized using a Ni(0) mediated Yamamoto coupling. Polymers with different molecular weights and only one series of well-defined end groups were obtained with various amounts of a tailormade endcapper. This level of structural uniformity has not yet been described for PTAA. By using microwave heating it was possible to shorten the reaction time from at least one day to 30 minutes. The synthetic strategy allows the separation of single PTAA oligomers with up to 6 repeating units and polymer fractions with low dispersities from 1.06 to 1.17 by using preparative size exclusion chromatography (SEC). The carrier mobilities of the PTAA oligomers and polymers were derived from organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Mobilities increase with increasing molecular weight of the PTAAs and are higher compared to commercially available PTAA samples.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"175 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46696243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Custom-designed materials based on supramolecular polymers are of interest for applications in organic electronics and biomedicine. Recently, we have shown that derivatives of the highly polar compound all-cis hexafluorocyclohexane undergo seeded polymerization and can therefore be used to prepare soluble nanofibers with controlled length. In this work, we aimed to explore the scope of this process. We studied the supramolecular polymerization of six all-cis-fluorinated cyclohexane monomers, with five differing in the solubilizing side chains and one in the secondary supramolecular binding site. In studies on controlled supramolecular polymerization, we found that three of the monomers could be induced to polymerize by ultrasound irradiation and four by addition of seeds. For these latter examples, we were able to identify a solvent mixture that led to spontaneous polymerization and hysteresis in heating and cooling curves. These results show that the living supramolecular polymerization of fluorinated cyclohexanes is not limited to one particular monomer, but that side chains exhibiting a strong solvophobic effect that cannot be compensated within the binary solvent “window” represent a limitation to the approach. We also demonstrate that nanofibers based on stacks of fluorinated cyclohexanes can be dissociated by addition of chloride ions.
{"title":"Supramolecular Polymerization of all- cis -Fluorinated Cyclohexanes: Influence of Side Chains","authors":"S. V. Haridas, Oleksandr Shyshov, Max von Delius","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761314","url":null,"abstract":"Custom-designed materials based on supramolecular polymers are of interest for applications in organic electronics and biomedicine. Recently, we have shown that derivatives of the highly polar compound all-cis hexafluorocyclohexane undergo seeded polymerization and can therefore be used to prepare soluble nanofibers with controlled length. In this work, we aimed to explore the scope of this process. We studied the supramolecular polymerization of six all-cis-fluorinated cyclohexane monomers, with five differing in the solubilizing side chains and one in the secondary supramolecular binding site. In studies on controlled supramolecular polymerization, we found that three of the monomers could be induced to polymerize by ultrasound irradiation and four by addition of seeds. For these latter examples, we were able to identify a solvent mixture that led to spontaneous polymerization and hysteresis in heating and cooling curves. These results show that\u0000 the living supramolecular polymerization of fluorinated cyclohexanes is not limited to one particular monomer, but that side chains exhibiting a strong solvophobic effect that cannot be compensated within the binary solvent “window” represent a limitation to the approach. We also demonstrate that nanofibers based on stacks of fluorinated cyclohexanes can be dissociated by addition of chloride ions.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"166 - 174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48630913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Max S. Overshiner, Shuyuan Tian, Kegan B. Morrow, Jailyn R. Wendt, John Zhou, Hannah M. Briggs, Gerardo B. Márquez, K. Kilway, S. Moteki
Establishing a strategy for realizing programmed self-assembly is critical in manufacturing materials with functional hybrid structures. In this work, we introduce a robust methodology for enabling multi-component self-assembly using the concept of chirality-directed self-assembly. A specific combination of heterochiral Zn(II) methylene bis(oxazoline) (BOX) complexes can be selectively generated when combinations of enantiomers of chiral BOX ligands are mixed in the presence of Zn(Oac)2. The resulting Zn(II) BOX complexes, unlike non-covalent bonds, are highly stable and stay intact at elevated temperatures, yet can be reversibly disintegrated under mild conditions using EDTA. This approach can be easily applied to multi-functionalize various solid supports enabling the one-pot generation of multi-functional hybrid struc-
{"title":"Multi-Functionalization of Solid Support via Zn(II)-Mediated Chirality-Directed Self-Assembly","authors":"Max S. Overshiner, Shuyuan Tian, Kegan B. Morrow, Jailyn R. Wendt, John Zhou, Hannah M. Briggs, Gerardo B. Márquez, K. Kilway, S. Moteki","doi":"10.1055/a-2106-9071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2106-9071","url":null,"abstract":"Establishing a strategy for realizing programmed self-assembly is critical in manufacturing materials with functional hybrid structures. In this work, we introduce a robust methodology for enabling multi-component self-assembly using the concept of chirality-directed self-assembly. A specific combination of heterochiral Zn(II) methylene bis(oxazoline) (BOX) complexes can be selectively generated when combinations of enantiomers of chiral BOX ligands are mixed in the presence of Zn(Oac)2. The resulting Zn(II) BOX complexes, unlike non-covalent bonds, are highly stable and stay intact at elevated temperatures, yet can be reversibly disintegrated under mild conditions using EDTA. This approach can be easily applied to multi-functionalize various solid supports enabling the one-pot generation of multi-functional hybrid struc-","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"158 - 165"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49407414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Size-controlled polymer nanodomes (PNDs) benefit a broad cross-section of existing and emerging technologies. Condensed droplet polymerization (CDP) is a vacuum-based synthesis technology that produces PNDs from monomer precursors in a single step. However, the effect of synthesis and processing conditions on the PND size distribution remains elusive. Towards size distribution control, we report the effect of substrate temperature, on which monomer droplets condense, on the size distribution of PNDs. We take a reductionist approach and operate the CDP under batch mode to match the conditions commonly used in condensation research. Notably, despite the rich knowledge base in dropwise condensation, the behavior of nonpolar liquids like a common monomer, i.e., 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), is not well understood. We bridge that gap by demonstrating that dropwise condensation of HEMA follows a two-stage growth process. Early-stage growth is dominated by drop nucleation and growth, giving rise to relatively uniform sizes with a lognormal distribution, whereas late-stage growth is dominated by the combined effect of drop coalescence and renucleation, leading to a bimodal size distribution. This new framework for understanding the PND size distribution enables an unprecedented population of PNDs. Their controlled size distribution has the potential to enable programmable properties for emergent materials.
{"title":"Batch-Operated Condensed Droplet Polymerization to Understand the Effect of Temperature on the Size Distribution of Polymer Nanodomes","authors":"Jeremiah James, Rong Yang","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761311","url":null,"abstract":"Size-controlled polymer nanodomes (PNDs) benefit a broad cross-section of existing and emerging technologies. Condensed droplet polymerization (CDP) is a vacuum-based synthesis technology that produces PNDs from monomer precursors in a single step. However, the effect of synthesis and processing conditions on the PND size distribution remains elusive. Towards size distribution control, we report the effect of substrate temperature, on which monomer droplets condense, on the size distribution of PNDs. We take a reductionist approach and operate the CDP under batch mode to match the conditions commonly used in condensation research. Notably, despite the rich knowledge base in dropwise condensation, the behavior of nonpolar liquids like a common monomer, i.e., 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), is not well understood. We bridge that gap by demonstrating that dropwise condensation of HEMA follows a two-stage growth process. Early-stage growth is dominated by drop\u0000 nucleation and growth, giving rise to relatively uniform sizes with a lognormal distribution, whereas late-stage growth is dominated by the combined effect of drop coalescence and renucleation, leading to a bimodal size distribution. This new framework for understanding the PND size distribution enables an unprecedented population of PNDs. Their controlled size distribution has the potential to enable programmable properties for emergent materials.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"05 1","pages":"148 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41735070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tahereh Mohammadi Hafshejani, Xiaoyang Zhong, John Kim, Bahar Dadfar, J. Lahann
Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization is a prevalent technique for fabricating conformal, defect-free, and systematically adjustable organic thin films. CVD is particularly beneficial for barrier coatings due to its ability to eliminate solvent-related environmental, health, and safety risk factors and provide a wide spectrum of post-polymerization modification strategies. This review discusses poly-p-xylylene and its functional derivatives. CVD polymerization of [2.2]paracyclophane precursors has undergone a recent renaissance due to advancements in chemical and morphological surface manipulation. This review summarizes emerging trends based on the following outline:Table of content:1 Introduction2 CVD Polymerization as a Sustainable Coating Technology3 CVD Instrumentation4 Poly-p-xylylene Coatings: Background of Polymerization Process and Functionalized Films5 Main Applications of Poly-p-xylylenes6 Area-Selective CVD Polymerization7 Fabrication and Applications of Topological Structures8 Conclusions and Outlook
{"title":"Chemical and Topological Control of Surfaces Using Functional Parylene Coatings","authors":"Tahereh Mohammadi Hafshejani, Xiaoyang Zhong, John Kim, Bahar Dadfar, J. Lahann","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761309","url":null,"abstract":"Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization is a prevalent technique for fabricating conformal, defect-free, and systematically adjustable organic thin films. CVD is particularly beneficial for barrier coatings due to its ability to eliminate solvent-related environmental, health, and safety risk factors and provide a wide spectrum of post-polymerization modification strategies. This review discusses poly-p-xylylene and its functional derivatives. CVD polymerization of [2.2]paracyclophane precursors has undergone a recent renaissance due to advancements in chemical and morphological surface manipulation. This review summarizes emerging trends based on the following outline:Table of content:1 Introduction2 CVD Polymerization as a Sustainable Coating Technology3 CVD Instrumentation4 Poly-p-xylylene Coatings: Background of Polymerization Process and Functionalized Films5 Main Applications of Poly-p-xylylenes6 Area-Selective CVD Polymerization7 Fabrication and Applications of Topological Structures8 Conclusions and Outlook","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":"98 - 111"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42566224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vapor deposition of polymers is known to result in densified thin films, and recent developments have advanced these polymers with interesting fabrication techniques to a variety of controlled structures other than thin films. With the advantages of chemical modification and functionalization of these polymers, advancements have combined both the physical and chemical properties of these vapor-deposited polymers to obtain controlled anisotropic polymers, including layer-by-layer, gradient, hierarchical, porosity, and the combination of the above, meaning that the produced polymers are functional and are addressed in devised physical configurations and chemical compositions. The main purpose of using polymer coatings as a tool for surface modification is to provide additional properties that decouple the natural properties of the underlying materials (including metals, polymers, oxides/ceramics, glass, silicon, etc.), and recent advancements have rendered novel insights into combined physical and chemical properties to fulfill the increasing needs of sophisticated requirements of materials for users. The review herein intends to deliver messages of recent progress of the advancements of vapor-deposited polymers, with discussions of the variations of the physical structures and chemical functionalities, and how these two aspects are integrated with novel fabrication techniques.
{"title":"Vapor-Deposited Polymer Films and Structure: Methods and Applications","authors":"Fang-yu Chou, Theresia Cecylia Ramli, Chin-Yun Lee, Shu-Man Hu, Jane Christy, Hsien‐Yeh Chen","doi":"10.1055/a-2076-8570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2076-8570","url":null,"abstract":"Vapor deposition of polymers is known to result in densified thin films, and recent developments have advanced these polymers with interesting fabrication techniques to a variety of controlled structures other than thin films. With the advantages of chemical modification and functionalization of these polymers, advancements have combined both the physical and chemical properties of these vapor-deposited polymers to obtain controlled anisotropic polymers, including layer-by-layer, gradient, hierarchical, porosity, and the combination of the above, meaning that the produced polymers are functional and are addressed in devised physical configurations and chemical compositions. The main purpose of using polymer coatings as a tool for surface modification is to provide additional properties that decouple the natural properties of the underlying materials (including metals, polymers, oxides/ceramics, glass, silicon, etc.), and recent advancements have rendered novel insights into combined physical and chemical properties to fulfill the increasing needs of sophisticated requirements of materials for users. The review herein intends to deliver messages of recent progress of the advancements of vapor-deposited polymers, with discussions of the variations of the physical structures and chemical functionalities, and how these two aspects are integrated with novel fabrication techniques.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":"118 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44119961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soujanya H. Goudar, Srinu Kotha, Manya Pal, D. S. Ingle, K. V. Rao
Amphiphiles are widely explored for the solubilization of various hydrophobic molecules especially drugs in water. Recently, aromatic amphiphiles emerged as a new class of molecules for the solubilization of hydrophobic organic semiconductors in water. However, the synthesis of these systems involves several steps and often requires the use of expensive metal catalysts. Here we describe the design and synthesis of a new type of flexible aromatic amphiphilic trication (FAT) and its application for solubilization of hydrophobic organic semiconductors in water. FAT has been synthesized in two steps without the use of any expensive metal catalysts. We observed that FAT self-assembles in water into bilayer two dimensional (2D) nanosheets composed of hydrophobic naphthalimide units. FAT is found to be effective for the solubilization of various hydrophobic organic semiconductors such as perylene, perylene diimide (PDI) and C60 in water by encapsulating them into its hydrophobic domains. Moreover, FAT also explored for the solubilization of 2D conjugated ladder polymer, TQBQ in water.
{"title":"A Flexible Aromatic Amphiphilic Trication for the Solubilization of Hydrophobic Organic Semiconductors in Water","authors":"Soujanya H. Goudar, Srinu Kotha, Manya Pal, D. S. Ingle, K. V. Rao","doi":"10.1055/a-2037-2786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-2037-2786","url":null,"abstract":"Amphiphiles are widely explored for the solubilization of various hydrophobic molecules especially drugs in water. Recently, aromatic amphiphiles emerged as a new class of molecules for the solubilization of hydrophobic organic semiconductors in water. However, the synthesis of these systems involves several steps and often requires the use of expensive metal catalysts. Here we describe the design and synthesis of a new type of flexible aromatic amphiphilic trication (FAT) and its application for solubilization of hydrophobic organic semiconductors in water. FAT has been synthesized in two steps without the use of any expensive metal catalysts. We observed that FAT self-assembles in water into bilayer two dimensional (2D) nanosheets composed of hydrophobic naphthalimide units. FAT is found to be effective for the solubilization of various hydrophobic organic semiconductors such as perylene, perylene diimide (PDI) and C60 in water by encapsulating them into its hydrophobic domains. Moreover, FAT also explored for the solubilization of 2D conjugated ladder polymer, TQBQ in water.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":"84 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43685909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kim, J. R. van Ommen, D. L. Zara, N. Courtois, J. Davin, C. Recker, J. Schoeffel, A. Blume, A. Talma, W. Dierkes
Chemically modified silica is widely used as a reinforcing filler in elastomers. The modification is generally done in situ while preparing the rubber. However, in order to increase the efficiency and facilitate the mixing process, the silica can be pre-treated by a 2-step molecular layer deposition. The precursors for the modification are 3-mercaptopropyl-triethoxysilane (MPTES) and octanoyl chloride (OC) to react with MPTES and form a blocked silane. The precipitated silica nanofiller was successfully treated with MPTES and showed a self-limiting behavior: saturation occurred at 2.7%. Furthermore, DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) analysis confirmed the successful deposition of MPTES on the silica surface by showing the -SH peak that appeared after the reaction of MPTES and silica. In the second step, OC was introduced to form a thioester on the surface of the MPTES-treated silica, controlling the reactivity of the mercapto group from MPTES by blocking it to prevent a negative influence on the processing behavior of the rubber. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analytical results confirmed the deposition of the blocked mercapto silane on the silica. TGA results demonstrated the self-limiting behavior of OC, and DRIFTS and XPS proved the thioester formation. A thioester peak after the 2nd reaction step with OC appeared. At the same time, the disappearance of the -SH signal from the MPTES was observed, indicating the formation of the blocked mercapto silane structure. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the treated silica has a well-distributed carbon and sulfur deposition after MPTES/OC treatment.
{"title":"Molecular Layer Deposition (MLD) of a Blocked Mercapto Silane on Precipitated Silica","authors":"S. Kim, J. R. van Ommen, D. L. Zara, N. Courtois, J. Davin, C. Recker, J. Schoeffel, A. Blume, A. Talma, W. Dierkes","doi":"10.1055/s-0043-1761310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1761310","url":null,"abstract":"Chemically modified silica is widely used as a reinforcing filler in elastomers. The modification is generally done in situ while preparing the rubber. However, in order to increase the efficiency and facilitate the mixing process, the silica can be pre-treated by a 2-step molecular layer deposition. The precursors for the modification are 3-mercaptopropyl-triethoxysilane (MPTES) and octanoyl chloride (OC) to react with MPTES and form a blocked silane. The precipitated silica nanofiller was successfully treated with MPTES and showed a self-limiting behavior: saturation occurred at 2.7%. Furthermore, DRIFTS (diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy) analysis confirmed the successful deposition of MPTES on the silica surface by showing the -SH peak that appeared after the reaction of MPTES and silica. In the second step, OC was introduced to form a thioester on the surface of the MPTES-treated silica, controlling the reactivity of the mercapto group from MPTES by blocking it to prevent a negative influence on the processing behavior of the rubber. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analytical results confirmed the deposition of the blocked mercapto silane on the silica. TGA results demonstrated the self-limiting behavior of OC, and DRIFTS and XPS proved the thioester formation. A thioester peak after the 2nd reaction step with OC appeared. At the same time, the disappearance of the -SH signal from the MPTES was observed, indicating the formation of the blocked mercapto silane structure. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that the treated silica has a well-distributed carbon and sulfur deposition after MPTES/OC treatment.","PeriodicalId":93348,"journal":{"name":"Organic Materials","volume":"5 1","pages":"139 - 147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43805842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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