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Development of the data-driven models for accessing the impact of design variables on heavy metal removal in constructed wetlands 开发数据驱动模型,以评估设计变量对人工湿地重金属去除的影响
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.2166/bgs.2021.024
Jiadong Zhang, V. Prodanovic, A. Lintern, Kefeng Zhang
Constructed wetlands are a type of green infrastructure commonly used for urban stormwater treatment. Previous studies have shown that the various design characteristics have an influence on the outflow heavy metal concentrations. In this study, we develop a Bayesian linear mixed model (BLMM) and a Bayesian linear regression model (BLRM) to predict the outflow concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) using an inflow concentration (Cin) and five design variables, namely media type, constructed wetland type (CWT), hydraulic retention time, presence of a sedimentation pond (SedP) and wetland-to-catchment area ratio (Ratio). The results show that the BLMM had much better performance, with the mean Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency between 0.51 (Pb) and 0.75 (Cu) in calibration and between 0.28 (Pb) and 0.71 (Zn) in validation. The inflow concentration was found to have significant impacts on the outflow concentration of all heavy metals, while the impacts of other variables on the wetland performance varied across metals, e.g., CWT and SedP showed a positive correlation to Cd and Cu, whereas media and Ratio were negatively correlated with Pb and Zn. Results also show that the 100-fold calibration and validation was superior in identifying the key influential factors.
人工湿地是一种常用于城市雨水处理的绿色基础设施。先前的研究表明,各种设计特征对流出的重金属浓度有影响。在本研究中,我们开发了贝叶斯线性混合模型(BLMM)和贝叶斯线性回归模型(BLRM)来预测重金属(Cd、Cu、Pb和Zn)的流出浓度,使用流入浓度(Cin)和五个设计变量,即介质类型、人工湿地类型、水力停留时间,存在沉淀池(SedP)和湿地与集水区面积之比(ratio)。结果表明,BLMM具有更好的性能,校准时的平均Nash-Sutcliffe效率在0.51(Pb)和0.75(Cu)之间,验证时的平均纳什-萨克利夫效率在0.28(Pb)到0.71(Zn)之间。流入浓度对所有重金属的流出浓度有显著影响,而其他变量对湿地性能的影响因金属而异,例如CWT和SedP与Cd和Cu呈正相关,而介质和比率与Pb和Zn呈负相关。结果还表明,100倍校准和验证在识别关键影响因素方面是优越的。
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引用次数: 1
Seepage metal concentrations beneath long-term operated bioretention systems 长期运行的生物截留系统下的渗金属浓度
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-11-30 DOI: 10.2166/bgs.2021.014
Arne Reck, Mogens Thalmann, E. Paton, B. Kluge
Bioretention systems maintain the natural water cycle and help to mitigate climatic extremes impact on urban areas by retarding, storing, and evaporating stormwater runoff. Although bioretention systems have been operated for more than 25 years, systematic investigations on the hydrological functionality and pollutant retention performance of older systems are rare. We employed laboratory and field experiments to investigate three long-term operated bioretention systems in Germany with the following objectives: (i) physico-chemical substrate characterisation; (ii) an event-based influent and effluent trace metal concentration monitoring covering 22 months and (iii) the calculation of metal retention rates. Regarding the pollution status, we found significantly increased trace metal contents in the soil substrate mainly as a function of the drainage area type and the inflow regime. Nonetheless, all measured metal seepage concentrations fall below the German legislative trigger values. Our current findings demonstrate no risk of groundwater degradation even for old bioretention systems suggesting bioretention as a powerful and sustainable tool for stormwater management. Further research requires the handling of soil substrates modified by stormwater infiltration showing enhanced trace metal contents and a certain amount of technogenic sediments.
生物滞留系统通过延缓、储存和蒸发雨水径流,维持自然水循环,并有助于减轻极端气候对城市地区的影响。尽管生物滞留系统已经运行了25年以上,但对旧系统的水文功能和污染物滞留性能的系统研究很少。我们采用实验室和现场实验研究了德国三个长期运行的生物滞留系统,目的如下:(i)物理化学底物表征;(ii)覆盖22个月的基于事件的流入和流出痕量金属浓度监测,以及(iii)金属保留率的计算。关于污染状况,我们发现土壤基质中的微量金属含量显著增加,这主要是排水区类型和流入方式的函数。尽管如此,所有测得的金属渗漏浓度都低于德国立法规定的触发值。我们目前的研究结果表明,即使是旧的生物滞留系统也没有地下水退化的风险,这表明生物滞留是一种强大而可持续的雨水管理工具。进一步的研究需要处理雨水渗透改性的土壤基质,显示出微量金属含量增加和一定量的技术成因沉积物。
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引用次数: 1
Sludge treatment and resource recovery towards carbon neutrality in China: current status and future perspective 中国污泥处理与资源回收的碳中和:现状与未来展望
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-11-22 DOI: 10.2166/bgs.2021.115
Ying Xu, Rui Liu, Dong-fang Yang, Xiaohu Dai
Global warming – mainly caused by carbon emissions – is a major global challenge for human sustainable development. Carbon emission reduction and resource recovery from sludge treatment are critical to the carbon neutralisation of future wastewater treatment plants. This paper analyses the key elements of carbon emissions during sludge treatment and disposal, namely energy source carbon emissions, fugitive carbon emissions and carbon compensation. Of the four mainstream process routes analysed in this work, anaerobic digestion + dry incineration is identified as the route with the highest potential for reducing carbon emissions in the future. Finally, based on a review of current international research hotspots, the future development directions for sludge treatment and resource recovery are discussed. This paper thus provides a comprehensive understanding of the current sludge treatment processing routes and serves as a reference for process route selection and future research on carbon neutralisation.
全球变暖——主要由碳排放引起——是人类可持续发展面临的重大全球性挑战。从污泥处理中减少碳排放和资源回收对未来污水处理厂的碳中和至关重要。本文分析了污泥处理处置过程中碳排放的关键要素,即能源碳排放、逸散性碳排放和碳补偿。在本研究分析的四种主流工艺路线中,厌氧消化+干式焚烧被认为是未来减少碳排放潜力最大的路线。最后,在综述当前国际研究热点的基础上,探讨了污泥处理和资源化利用的未来发展方向。从而全面了解目前污泥处理工艺路线,为今后的工艺路线选择和碳中和研究提供参考。
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引用次数: 13
Hydrological performance of lined permeable pavements in Norway 挪威衬砌透水路面的水文性能
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-11-12 DOI: 10.2166/bgs.2021.009
Elhadi Mohsen Hassan Abdalla, I. Selseth, T. Muthanna, H. Helness, K. Alfredsen, Terje Gaarden, E. Sivertsen
Lined permeable pavements (LPPs) are types of sustainable urban stormwater systems (SUDs) that are suitable for locations with low infiltration capacity or shallow groundwater levels. This study evaluated the hydrological performance of an LPP system in Norway using common detention indicators and flow duration curves (FDCs). Two hydrological models, the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM)-LID module and a reservoir model, were applied to simulate continuous outflows from the LPP system to plot the FDCs. The sensitivity of the parameters of the SWMM-LID module was assessed using the generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation methodology. The LPP system was found to detain the flow effectively based on the median values of the detention indicators (peak reduction = 89%, peak delay = 40 min, centroid delay = 45 min, T50-delay = 86 min). However, these indicators are found to be sensitive to the amount of precipitation and initial conditions. The reservoir model developed in this study was found to yield more accurate simulations (higher NSE) than the SWMM-LID module, and it can be considered a suitable design tool for LPP systems. The FDC offers an informative method to demonstrate the hydrological performance of LPP systems for stormwater engineers and decision-makers.
内衬透水路面(LPPs)是一种可持续的城市雨水系统(sud),适用于低渗透能力或地下水位较浅的地区。本研究利用常见滞留指标和水流持续时间曲线(FDCs)评估了挪威LPP系统的水文性能。两个水文模型,即暴雨水管理模型(SWMM)-LID模块和水库模型,用于模拟LPP系统的连续流出,以绘制fdc。采用广义似然不确定性估计方法对SWMM-LID模块参数的敏感性进行了评估。根据滞留指标的中位数(峰值减少= 89%,峰值延迟= 40分钟,质心延迟= 45分钟,t50延迟= 86分钟),发现LPP系统有效地滞留了流量。然而,这些指标对降水量和初始条件都很敏感。研究发现,与SWMM-LID模块相比,该研究开发的储层模型可以产生更精确的模拟(更高的NSE),可以认为它是LPP系统的合适设计工具。FDC为雨水工程师和决策者提供了一种信息丰富的方法来展示LPP系统的水文性能。
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引用次数: 2
Prevalence of common enteric viruses in municipal wastewater treatment plants and their health risks arising from wastewater reuse 城市污水处理厂常见肠道病毒流行状况及污水回用对健康的危害
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-11-10 DOI: 10.2166/bgs.2021.012
Peng Liu, Zihan Li, Zifan Che, Hu Xinran, M. Ying, H. Ren, Xu-xiang Zhang
Enteric viruses are known to be prevalent in municipal wastewater, but information on the health risks arising from wastewater reuse is limited. This study quantified six common enteric viruses in raw wastewater and determined the effectiveness of different secondary and tertiary treatment processes at reducing their abundances in three full-scale wastewater treatment plants in China. In the raw wastewater, polyomavirus BK and norovirus GII (Nov GII) exhibited the highest abundance among the detected DNA and RNA viruses, respectively, with concentrations >5 log10 copies/L. Viruses in the raw wastewater were mainly removed by the secondary treatment processes, with log reduction values ranging from 1 to 2. The tertiary treatment processes of both chlorination and ultraviolet irradiation facilitated the additional reduction of viruses. The quantitative microbial risk assessment was applied to estimate the health risks of adenovirus (Adv) and Nov GII when reusing the treated wastewater for irrigation of public green spaces and crops. Estimated disabled-adjusted life-years of Adv and Nov GII for both reuses were higher than the risk threshold (10−6) required by the WHO in the actual scenarios. More effective treatment technologies should be implemented to remove viruses for safe reuse of the treated wastewater.
众所周知,肠道病毒在城市废水中普遍存在,但关于废水再利用带来的健康风险的信息有限。这项研究量化了中国三家大型污水处理厂未经处理的废水中的六种常见肠道病毒,并确定了不同的二级和三级处理工艺在降低其丰度方面的有效性。在未处理的废水中,多瘤病毒BK和诺如病毒GII(Nov-GII)在检测到的DNA和RNA病毒中分别表现出最高的丰度,浓度>5 log10拷贝/L。原废水中的病毒主要通过二次处理过程去除,对数还原值在1至2之间。氯化和紫外线照射的三级处理工艺促进了病毒的进一步减少。应用定量微生物风险评估来评估腺病毒(Adv)和Nov-GII在将处理后的废水重新用于灌溉公共绿地和作物时的健康风险。两种重复使用的Adv和Nov GII的估计残疾调整寿命高于世界卫生组织在实际情况下要求的风险阈值(10−6)。应采用更有效的处理技术来去除病毒,以安全地重复使用处理过的废水。
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引用次数: 1
How much water can bioretention retain, and where does it go? 生物保水能保留多少水,水又去了哪里?
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-09-25 DOI: 10.22541/au.163255049.94952987/v1
S. Spraakman, J. Martel, J. Drake
Bioretention is a type of green stormwater infrastructure for the urbanenvironment that mimics a natural hydrologic system by reducing peakflows and runoff volumes and encouraging infiltration andevapotranspiration. This study examines the complete water balance of abioretention system located in Vaughan, Ontario, Canada, between 2018and 2019. The water balance was further broken down by event size, wherethe event size was determined by rainfall frequency analysis. Rechargewas the largest component of the water balance overall (86 % ofinflow), as well as by event size. Evapotranspiration was the nextlargest water balance component (7 % of inflow overall), and was asignificant component of inflow (21 %) when considering only smallevents (50 % probability of recurrence). Evapotranspiration is a slowbut consistent process, averaging 2.3 mm/day overall and 2.9 mm/dayduring the growing season. Climate change is likely to bring more wetdays and higher temperatures, which will impact the bioretention waterbalance by increasing evapotranspiration and inflow. Design standardsfor retention targets should be updated based on the most recentrainfall frequency analyses to adjust for changing climate conditions.
生物滞留是一种城市环境的绿色雨水基础设施,通过减少峰值流量和径流量,鼓励渗透和蒸发,模拟自然水文系统。本研究考察了2018年至2019年间位于加拿大安大略省沃恩的生物保持系统的完整水平衡。水量平衡进一步被事件大小分解,其中事件大小由降雨频率分析决定。补给是总体水平衡的最大组成部分(占流入流量的86%),以及事件规模。蒸散发是第二大水分平衡成分(占总流入的7%),当只考虑小事件(复发概率为50%)时,蒸散发是流入的重要组成部分(21%)。蒸散发是一个缓慢但持续的过程,总体平均为2.3 mm/d,生长季节平均为2.9 mm/d。气候变化可能带来更多的雨天和更高的温度,这将通过增加蒸散发和流入来影响生物保持水平衡。保留目标的设计标准应根据最新的降雨频率分析进行更新,以适应不断变化的气候条件。
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引用次数: 1
How can we govern large-scale Green infrastructure for multiple water security benefits? 我们如何管理大规模的绿色基础设施以获得多重水安全效益?
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.2166/bgs.2021.015
Lidia Cano Pecharroman, Christopher Williams, N. G. Nylen, M. Kiparsky
Traditional, limited purpose grey infrastructure has failed to address the world's interrelated water challenges. Improving water security will increasingly require more integrated responses. This paper examines large-scale green infrastructure (LSGI), planned natural or hybrid systems that materially affect water security at the watershed scale, as one such response. This paper examines key challenges for governing and financing LSGI, which hinder its broader use. We report on four case studies located in the United States where LSGI is being employed to improve water security. Through analysis of these case studies and related literature, we identify three themes important for LSGI governance: cost sharing, performance monitoring, and legitimization. First, we hypothesize that formal cost sharing based on the multiple benefits LSGI provides could enable wider adoption, but find that in these examples cost sharing is limited and informal. Second, our research suggests that expanding performance monitoring to encompass key secondary benefits could help clarify how the benefits and burdens of a project are distributed across stakeholders, facilitate cost sharing, and enhance project legitimacy. Finally, LSGI will require further legitimization – developing a broader perception that LSGI is an appropriate alternative or complement to grey infrastructure – to develop as a viable contributor to water security.
传统的、用途有限的灰色基础设施未能解决世界上相互关联的水挑战。改善水安全将越来越需要更加综合的应对措施。本文研究了大规模绿色基础设施(LSGI),即在流域范围内对水安全产生重大影响的规划自然或混合系统,作为一种应对措施。本文探讨了LSGI的管理和融资面临的主要挑战,这些挑战阻碍了其更广泛的使用。我们报告了美国的四个案例研究,LSGI正被用于改善水安全。通过分析这些案例研究和相关文献,我们确定了LSGI治理的三个重要主题:成本分担、绩效监控和合法化。首先,我们假设基于LSGI提供的多种好处的正式成本分担可以实现更广泛的采用,但发现在这些例子中,成本分担是有限的和非正式的。其次,我们的研究表明,将绩效监测扩大到包括关键的次要利益,有助于澄清项目的利益和负担如何在利益相关者之间分配,促进成本分担,并提高项目的合法性。最后,LSGI将需要进一步合法化——形成一种更广泛的观念,即LSGI是灰色基础设施的适当替代或补充——以发展成为水安全的可行贡献者。
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引用次数: 2
Éditorial
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3917/blue.001.0003
F. Hublet
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引用次数: 0
Élections parlementaires en Bulgarie, 4 avril 2021 保加利亚议会选举,2021年4月4日
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3917/blue.001.0064
Dobrin Kanev
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引用次数: 1
Élections parlementaires en Catalogne, 14 février 2021 (I) 加泰罗尼亚议会选举,2021年2月14日(一)
IF 4.6 Q1 Environmental Science Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3917/blue.001.0031
Robert Liñeira
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Blue-Green Systems
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