Virology & immunology journal最新文献

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The Role of NEU1 in Coronavirus Infection and Pathogenesis. NEU1在冠状病毒感染及其发病机制中的作用

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000351

Y Wu, G Y Chen

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, resulting in millions of infections and deaths worldwide. Although vaccines are available, they appear to be less efficacious against newly emerging variants of the virus. Thus, therapeutic modalities are urgently needed. The coronavirus genome encodes four major structural proteins: the spike (S) protein, nucleocapsid (N) protein, membrane (M) protein, and envelope (E) protein, all of which are required to produce a structurally complete viral particle. N protein is one of the most abundant structural proteins, participates in the regulation of viral replication and virion assembly, and is a major immunogen in coronavirus infection-induced disease. Sialylation is the addition of sialic acids to the terminal glycans of glycoproteins and glycolipids, which act as key components for biological functions of glycoproteins or glycolipids. Sialidases (or neuraminidases) are glycosidases that remove sialic acid residues (desialylation) from glycan portions of glycoproteins or glycolipids. Through desialylation, sialidases modulate the functionality of sialic acid-containing molecules and are involved in both physiological and pathological pathways. This review aims to explore the current understanding of NEU1's involvement in coronavirus infection and pathogenesis, synthesizing available research and identifying areas for future investigation.

严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型（SARS-CoV-2）引发了2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行，导致全球数百万人感染和死亡。虽然疫苗是可用的，但它们似乎对新出现的病毒变体不太有效。因此，迫切需要治疗方法。冠状病毒基因组编码四种主要结构蛋白：刺突蛋白(S)、核衣壳蛋白(N)、膜蛋白(M)和包膜蛋白(E)，所有这些都是产生结构完整的病毒颗粒所必需的。N蛋白是最丰富的结构蛋白之一，参与病毒复制和病毒粒子组装的调控，是冠状病毒感染诱导疾病的主要免疫原。唾液酰化是在糖蛋白和糖脂的末端聚糖上添加唾液酸，它是糖蛋白或糖脂生物学功能的关键成分。唾液酸酶（或神经氨酸酶）是一种从糖蛋白或糖脂的聚糖部分去除唾液酸残基（去脂化）的糖苷酶。唾液酸酶通过去唾液酸化，调节含唾液酸分子的功能，并参与生理和病理途径。本文旨在探讨NEU1参与冠状病毒感染及其发病机制的现有认识，综合现有研究并确定未来研究的领域。

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引用次数: 0

SARS-Cov-2: Biology, Detection, Macrophage Mediated Pathogenesis and Potential Treatments. SARS-Cov-2:生物学、检测、巨噬细胞介导的发病机制和潜在治疗

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2020-01-01 Epub Date: 2020-07-02 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000242

Gabriel Borges-Velez, Lester J Rosario-Rodriguez, Julio E Rosado-Philippi, Luz J Cartagena, Luis Garcia-Requena, Andrea Gonzalez, Jean Perez, Loyda M Melendez

The respiratory disease caused by the Coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID19) has spread rapidly since December 2019 in Wuhan, China. This new strain of Coronavirus is similar to the SARS Corona virus and has been termed SARS-CoV-2. Both viruses have emerged from bats and adapted to humans. On March 11, 2020 COVID19 was declared Pandemic by the WHO and as of May 1, 2020 COVID19 disease continues to grow rapidly with 3,400,595 cases and 239,583 deaths world-wide. This review describes the biology of SARSCOV2, Detection, Macrophage-Mediated Pathogenesis and Potential Treatments.

自2019年12月以来，由2019冠状病毒传染病（COVID19）引起的呼吸道疾病在中国武汉迅速传播。这种新型冠状病毒与SARS冠状病毒相似，被称为严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型。这两种病毒都是从蝙蝠身上产生并适应人类的。世界卫生组织于2020年3月11日宣布COVID19为大流行病，截至2020年5月1日，COVID19疾病继续快速增长，全球共有3400595例病例和239583例死亡。本文综述了严重急性呼吸系统综合征2型的生物学、检测、巨噬细胞介导的发病机制和潜在的治疗方法。

引用次数: 5

Hepatitis C Virus Pathophysiology and Diagnosis 丙型肝炎病毒病理生理学和诊断

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000204

A. Abdelmoktader

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is spherical enveloped RNA virus and belongs to Flaviviridae family , Parenteral exposure to the HCV is the most efficient means of transmission . Often Hepatitis C is diagnosed accidentally so, HCV diagnostic tests should be performed in all patients presenting with increased aminotransferase levels. The number of patients actually HCV RNA positive is estimated to be around 80 to 90% of all HCV-antibody positive persons the Genotype 4 is responsible for >90% of cases ,approximately 3% of the world’s population (roughly 170-200 million people) infected with hepatitis C virus with considerable regional variations.

丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)是一种球形包膜RNA病毒，属于黄病毒科，经肠外接触是丙型肝炎病毒最有效的传播途径。丙型肝炎通常是偶然诊断的，因此，应对所有出现转氨酶水平升高的患者进行丙型肝炎诊断检测。实际HCV RNA阳性的患者数量估计约占所有HCV抗体阳性患者的80%至90%，基因型4导致了50%至90%的病例，约占世界人口的3%(约1.7亿至2亿人)感染丙型肝炎病毒，具有相当大的地区差异。

引用次数: 0

Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome with Obesity in Pregnancy 妊娠期肥胖多囊卵巢综合征的处理

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000210

S. Sadeeqa

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is condition in which ovaries produce increase level of androgen that is a male hormone. PCOS is characterized by oligomenorrhoea, anovulation, infertility, hirsutism, and obesity in young women with enlarged and cystic ovaries. It is common metabolic abnormality in young women causing infertility. It affects 615% of women which are of reproductive age worldwide. It can lead to increased risks of miscarriages, gestational diabetes mellitus, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and preterm delivery. There are specific diagnostic and treatment guidelines by Endocrine Society for PCOS diagnosis and management. If PCOS is left untreated it can cause infertility in women. In this report the referred case study will be the scenario of 28 years old obese female suffered from the PCOS during pregnancy. She was treated pharmacologically and also given the non-pharmacological therapy, which finally stabilized her pregnancy

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是卵巢产生雄激素(一种雄性激素)水平增加的一种疾病。多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)的特点是卵巢肿大和卵巢囊肿的年轻女性出现少漏、无排卵、不孕症、多毛和肥胖。这是导致不孕的年轻女性常见的代谢异常。它影响了全世界615%的育龄妇女。它会增加流产、妊娠期糖尿病、妊娠期高血压和早产的风险。内分泌学会对多囊卵巢综合征的诊断和治疗有专门的诊断和治疗指南。如果多囊卵巢综合征得不到治疗，可能会导致女性不孕。在本报告中，所提到的案例研究将是28岁的肥胖女性，在怀孕期间患有多囊卵巢综合征。她接受了药物治疗，同时也接受了非药物治疗，最终稳定了妊娠

引用次数: 0

Study of Karyotyping and the Genotoxic Effects of Taxol Drug on the Somatic Bone Marrow Cells of Albino Wister Rats 紫杉醇类药物对白化Wister大鼠体细胞骨髓细胞的核型及遗传毒性研究

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000221

Alhemmali Em

In this study, the chromosome 2N was calculated for the somatic cells of the male albino (Albino Wister Rats) obtained from the Animal House at the Faculty of Science, Misurata University. The study also identified some chromosomal stages, such as the metaphase. The results indicated that the chromosome number 2N=42, in addition to measuring the total and relative length of the chromosomes, and then arrange the chromosomes descending on their lengths. The chromosomal abnormalities resulting from colchicine exposure (such as the scattered metaphase, the ring chromosome, the chromatid separation and the chromosomal break) were also shown, while the chromosomal abnormalities caused by the taxol treatment were: agglomerated colchicine metaphase, associated chromosomal endings, chromosomal viscosity, multiple chromosomal group and lack of chromosomal group).

本研究计算了从米苏拉塔大学理学院动物馆获得的雄性白化(白化Wister大鼠)体细胞的2N染色体。该研究还确定了一些染色体阶段，如中期。结果表明，染色体数2N=42时，除测量染色体的总长度和相对长度外，再按染色体长度递减排列。秋水仙碱暴露引起的染色体异常(如散状中期、环状染色体、染色单体分离和染色体断裂)也有表现，而紫杉醇处理引起的染色体异常有:秋水仙碱中期凝聚、相关染色体末端、染色体粘连、多染色体组和缺失染色体组)。

引用次数: 0

Effect of Escherichia coli on Semen Quality of Infertile Human Male 大肠杆菌对人类不育男性精液质量的影响

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000214

Vijay Kumar

Male genital tract infections are one of the most major causes of infertility worldwide. It is expected that about 15% of male infertility is due to genital tract infections. These infections may contribute to deterioration of various sperm parameters, especially in infertile men. The negative effects of many bacteria on human spermatozoa have been widely reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Escherichia coli on the semen of infertile men and their effect on sperm quality. Sixty seven semen samples of infertile males were investigated by standard bacterial culture methods. WHO guidelines were followed to perform standard semen analysis. We found that E. coli was present in infertile males and there was a relation between E. coli infection and semen quality.

男性生殖道感染是世界范围内不育的最主要原因之一。预计约15%的男性不育是由于生殖道感染。这些感染可能导致各种精子参数的恶化，特别是在不育男性中。许多细菌对人类精子的负面影响已被广泛报道。本研究的目的是探讨大肠杆菌对不育男性精液的影响及其对精子质量的影响。用标准细菌培养法对67份不育男性精液进行了研究。按照世卫组织指南进行标准精液分析。结果表明，不育雄性中存在大肠杆菌，且大肠杆菌感染与精液质量之间存在一定的关系。

引用次数: 1

Clinical Assessment of Pharmacotherapeutic Plan for Virologic Response of Hepatitis C Virus 丙型肝炎病毒病毒学反应药物治疗方案的临床评价

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000220

Faizan Naeem

引用次数: 0

Advances in immunotherapy for Cancer Treatment 免疫疗法在癌症治疗中的进展

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000216

M. C. Hanna

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death around the world. Cancer cells display uncontrolled cell division and often times the ability to metastasize through the body. Cancer cells tend to possess genetic mutations that result in evasion of the cell cycle arrest system, inhibition of tumor suppressor genes, activation of oncogenes, and evasion of the body’s immune system. Although a range of cancer treatments have been developed, they often harm healthy cells and can damage the immune system of the patient. Based on the fact that the immune system does have mechanisms for recognizing and eliminating tumor cells , many modern anti-cancer therapies, collectively referred to as immunotherapy, involve manipulating the cancer patient’s own immune system to more effectively attack tumor cells. Some of these new immunotherapy-based strategies include the engineering of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, administration of tumor specific monoclonal antibodies to induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), administration of monoclonal antibodies that interfere with T cell checkpoints, and administration or in vivo expression of tumor specific neoantigens to activate tumor antigen-specific T cells. These techniques have their problems, but clinical trials have demonstrated promising results in many patients, and in general are significantly less hazardous to the patients undergoing treatment than traditional chemoand radiation-based therapies.

癌症是世界上导致死亡的主要原因之一。癌细胞表现出不受控制的细胞分裂，并且经常具有全身转移的能力。癌细胞往往具有基因突变，导致逃避细胞周期阻滞系统、抑制肿瘤基因、激活癌基因和逃避人体免疫系统。尽管已经开发了一系列癌症治疗方法，但它们往往会损害健康细胞，并损害患者的免疫系统。基于免疫系统确实具有识别和消除肿瘤细胞的机制这一事实，许多现代抗癌疗法，统称为免疫疗法，涉及操纵癌症患者自身的免疫系统，以更有效地攻击肿瘤细胞。其中一些基于免疫治疗的新策略包括嵌合抗原受体(CAR) T细胞的工程设计，肿瘤特异性单克隆抗体诱导抗体依赖性细胞毒性(ADCC)，干扰T细胞检查点的单克隆抗体，以及肿瘤特异性新抗原的施用或体内表达以激活肿瘤抗原特异性T细胞。这些技术有其自身的问题，但临床试验已经在许多患者身上证明了有希望的结果，总的来说，与传统的化疗和放疗相比，对接受治疗的患者的危害要小得多。

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引用次数: 0

About “Lifestyle Diseases” and “Social Determinants of Health” 关于“生活方式疾病”和“健康的社会决定因素”

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000209

A. Dragoeva

In contemporary society the main reasons for mortality have been dramatically changed as compared with previous civilizations. Nowadays diseases which are not driven by infections and viruses account for the majority of deaths. There's a widespread opinion that most threats to human health result of changed lifestyle and behavior. As pointed by Betlejewski [1] “Lifestyle diseases are different from other diseases because they are potentially preventable and can be lowered with changes in diet, lifestyle and environment”. So, it is presumed that people are responsible for their own health. But this point of view has been revised recently by numerous studies.

在当代社会，与以前的文明相比，死亡的主要原因发生了巨大变化。如今，不是由感染和病毒引起的疾病占死亡的大多数。人们普遍认为，对人类健康的大多数威胁是生活方式和行为方式的改变造成的。正如Betlejewski所说:“生活方式疾病不同于其他疾病，因为它们是可以预防的，并且可以通过改变饮食、生活方式和环境来降低发病率。”因此，人们应该对自己的健康负责。但这一观点最近被许多研究所修正。

引用次数: 0

Risk Assessment of Enteric Virus in the Food Supply Chain: A Critical Review 食品供应链中肠道病毒风险评估综述

Virology & immunology journal

Pub Date : 2019-01-01 DOI: 10.23880/vij-16000206

M. Shaheen

引用次数: 0

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