Microbial resistance through extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was first reported in the early 1980s in Europe and subsequently in the United States soon after the introduction of third-generation cephalosporins in clinical practice. β -Lactamases are enzymes that inactivate β -lactam antibiotics by opening the β-lactam ring of penicillins and cephalosporin and abolish their antimicrobial activity. Beta-lactamases have been described for many species of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria. Some β-lactamases are plasmid mediated while others are chromosomally
{"title":"Beta-Lactamases and ESBL","authors":"A. A","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000225","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial resistance through extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was first reported in the early 1980s in Europe and subsequently in the United States soon after the introduction of third-generation cephalosporins in clinical practice. β -Lactamases are enzymes that inactivate β -lactam antibiotics by opening the β-lactam ring of penicillins and cephalosporin and abolish their antimicrobial activity. Beta-lactamases have been described for many species of grampositive and gram-negative bacteria. Some β-lactamases are plasmid mediated while others are chromosomally","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68921214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypertension is a haemodynamic disorder, characterized by an increase in peripheral vascular resistance that results in complicated diseases i.e myocardial infarction, renal failure, strokes and even death if not diagnosed early and treated properly. Generally, known as high blood pressure and defined as BP ≥140/90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Only way to diagnose hypertension is measurement of blood pressure. Patients suffering from hypertension may experience symptoms such as dull headaches, vomiting, dizzy spells, and more frequent nosebleeds. Treatment for hypertensive patients includes both pharmacological (medication) and non-Pharmacological (lifestyle modifications) therapy. In this report the referred case study of hypertension was the scenario of 50 years old female suffering from symptoms of headache, nausea, drowsiness and blurred vision. She was also the patient of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. She was treated with anti-hypertensive and hypoglycemic therapy along with life style modifications which showed good management of both hypertension and diabetes.
{"title":"Hypertension: A Case Study","authors":"S. Sadeeqa","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000211","url":null,"abstract":"Hypertension is a haemodynamic disorder, characterized by an increase in peripheral vascular resistance that results in complicated diseases i.e myocardial infarction, renal failure, strokes and even death if not diagnosed early and treated properly. Generally, known as high blood pressure and defined as BP ≥140/90 millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Only way to diagnose hypertension is measurement of blood pressure. Patients suffering from hypertension may experience symptoms such as dull headaches, vomiting, dizzy spells, and more frequent nosebleeds. Treatment for hypertensive patients includes both pharmacological (medication) and non-Pharmacological (lifestyle modifications) therapy. In this report the referred case study of hypertension was the scenario of 50 years old female suffering from symptoms of headache, nausea, drowsiness and blurred vision. She was also the patient of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. She was treated with anti-hypertensive and hypoglycemic therapy along with life style modifications which showed good management of both hypertension and diabetes.","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Study of Seroprevalence and Seroconversion to A Novel Bacterial Pathogen in Thoroughbred Horses","authors":"G. Rajasekariah","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000203","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal carcinomas are related to many environmental, genetic predisposing and viral infections. Many studies have implicated EBV in the progression of benign and malignant head and neck tumors by affecting cell cycle proteins expression. The p73 and p27 were implicated in carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal and sinonasal carcinomas. Objective: The research aimed to evaluate the impact of EBV and HCMV in relation to cellular protein expressions of p27 and p73-cell cycle regulatory genes on histopathological alterations of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Patients and Methods: Eighty three formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks belong to 65 nasopharyngeal (NPC) and 18 sinonasal carcinomas (SNC) were investigated for EBV, HCMV, P73, P27 coexistences. Results: The highest positivity percentage (50%) of EBV in SNC was seen in moderately differentiated group. While in NPC tissues the highest level (74.5%) of HCMV was detected in undifferentiated group. The highest positivity percentage (47.1%) of p73 in SNC group was in moderate differentiated grade, while the highest positive-p27 percentage in NPC group was in undifferentiated grade (76.3%).
{"title":"Intervene of EBV and HCMV in Relation to p27 and p73-Cell Regulatory Proteins in Histopathological Changes of Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas","authors":"M. Mahmood","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000217","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sinonasal and Nasopharyngeal carcinomas are related to many environmental, genetic predisposing and viral infections. Many studies have implicated EBV in the progression of benign and malignant head and neck tumors by affecting cell cycle proteins expression. The p73 and p27 were implicated in carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal and sinonasal carcinomas. Objective: The research aimed to evaluate the impact of EBV and HCMV in relation to cellular protein expressions of p27 and p73-cell cycle regulatory genes on histopathological alterations of sinonasal and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. Patients and Methods: Eighty three formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue blocks belong to 65 nasopharyngeal (NPC) and 18 sinonasal carcinomas (SNC) were investigated for EBV, HCMV, P73, P27 coexistences. Results: The highest positivity percentage (50%) of EBV in SNC was seen in moderately differentiated group. While in NPC tissues the highest level (74.5%) of HCMV was detected in undifferentiated group. The highest positivity percentage (47.1%) of p73 in SNC group was in moderate differentiated grade, while the highest positive-p27 percentage in NPC group was in undifferentiated grade (76.3%).","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68921013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pharmacological Study on Activity of Silymarin and/or Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles against Hepatic Dysfunction Using Cell Line HepG2","authors":"Sameh S Gad","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68921066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Infectious mononucleosis is a common viral infection affecting mainly children, adolescents and young adults. Its main aetiology is Epstein – Barr Virus followed by Cytomegalovirus. We present the case of a 26-year old lady, presented with clinical and laboratory features of the disease, with serologic evidence of concurrent EBV and CMV IgM positivity. Whether this represents a simultaneous infection or a previous infection by the one virus, boosted by the sequential infection by the second one, is very difficult to distinct.
{"title":"A Case of Infectious Mononucleosis with Concurrent EBV and CMV IGM Seropositivity","authors":"C. Monastiriotis","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000224","url":null,"abstract":"Infectious mononucleosis is a common viral infection affecting mainly children, adolescents and young adults. Its main aetiology is Epstein – Barr Virus followed by Cytomegalovirus. We present the case of a 26-year old lady, presented with clinical and laboratory features of the disease, with serologic evidence of concurrent EBV and CMV IgM positivity. Whether this represents a simultaneous infection or a previous infection by the one virus, boosted by the sequential infection by the second one, is very difficult to distinct.","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68921203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis is considered thromboembolism which is the occlusion of blood vessels by thrombus that has fragmented away from its site of formation. Pulmonary embolism can be fatal which occurs when the Deep vein thrombosis breaks free from wall of a vein and blocks some or all of the blood supply to the lungs. Clinical presentations are pleuritic chest pain, rapid breathing, increased heart rate of patient and shortness of breath. It involves hypercoagulability, circulatory stasis and endothelial damage causing stagnation of blood flow which can be diagnosed by CT angiography. Computed tomography, or CT angiography is most often used but sometimes ventilation-perfusion lung scan is also used. Recommended treatment involves anticoagulant therapy, thrombolytics and surgery. In this case report, referred patient of 42 years old male is suffering from pulmonary embolism having chest pain along with diabetes and he was treated by thrombolytic therapy as well as by life style modifications which finally stabilizes his chest pain and condition of pulmonary embolism.
{"title":"Management of Thromboembolism (Pulmonary Embolism) in Coronary Cardiac Unit","authors":"Faizan Naeem","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000215","url":null,"abstract":"Pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis is considered thromboembolism which is the occlusion of blood vessels by thrombus that has fragmented away from its site of formation. Pulmonary embolism can be fatal which occurs when the Deep vein thrombosis breaks free from wall of a vein and blocks some or all of the blood supply to the lungs. Clinical presentations are pleuritic chest pain, rapid breathing, increased heart rate of patient and shortness of breath. It involves hypercoagulability, circulatory stasis and endothelial damage causing stagnation of blood flow which can be diagnosed by CT angiography. Computed tomography, or CT angiography is most often used but sometimes ventilation-perfusion lung scan is also used. Recommended treatment involves anticoagulant therapy, thrombolytics and surgery. In this case report, referred patient of 42 years old male is suffering from pulmonary embolism having chest pain along with diabetes and he was treated by thrombolytic therapy as well as by life style modifications which finally stabilizes his chest pain and condition of pulmonary embolism.","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68921441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sero-Prevalence of Acute Hepatitis A Virus among School Children in Khartoum State, Sudan","authors":"A. Badri","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000202","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ebola Virus Disease: Current Trends in Clinical Management","authors":"Chikere A. Anusiem","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000205","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68920721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microbial resistance through extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) has emerged globally, and ESBL –producing Enterobacteriacae are recognized worldwide as nosocomial pathogens of major importance. Several phenotypic tests have been recommended for screening and confirmation of ESBL-producing organisms, but these are usually performed on isolated organisms following culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing.
{"title":"Methods of ESBLs Detection in Clinical Microbiology Lab","authors":"A. Abdelmoktader","doi":"10.23880/vij-16000222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/vij-16000222","url":null,"abstract":"Microbial resistance through extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) has emerged globally, and ESBL –producing Enterobacteriacae are recognized worldwide as nosocomial pathogens of major importance. Several phenotypic tests have been recommended for screening and confirmation of ESBL-producing organisms, but these are usually performed on isolated organisms following culture and antibiotic susceptibility testing.","PeriodicalId":93395,"journal":{"name":"Virology & immunology journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68921160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：