Abaribe C.E., Odufowokan M., D. C., K. F., O. J., Opatunji F.
Background: Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality which poses intrauterine and maternal complications during pregnancy. This study assessed the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among pregnant women attending primary health care centers in Ikenne Local Government Area. Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey design was employed for this study; researcher-structured questionnaires were used for data collection and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred and fifty-one mothers from the primary health centers. Result: It showed that the majority (62.5%) of the participants had average knowledge of malaria in pregnancy, and 54.6% of the participants utilized IPTP. The study found no significant relationship between respondents’ knowledge of malaria in pregnancy and the uptake of IPTP (p-value = 0.888>0.05). Moreso, findings revealed no significant relationship between the time of antenatal initiation and the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy p-value = 0.281>0.05 (1, X2 = 1.163). In the same vein, no significant relationship was further revealed between the level of education and the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy p-value = 0.842>0.05 (1, X2 = 0.040). Conclusion: Generally, in Nigeria, the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria is still low irrespective of the level of the mother's knowledge. Therefore, an increase in awareness and education of women on IPTp with direct observation under uptake was hereby recommended.
{"title":"Uptake of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria Among Pregnant Women Attending Selected Primary Healthcare Centers in Ogun State, Nigeria","authors":"Abaribe C.E., Odufowokan M., D. C., K. F., O. J., Opatunji F.","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-1yd6836a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-1yd6836a","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health concern and one of the leading causes of maternal morbidity and mortality which poses intrauterine and maternal complications during pregnancy. This study assessed the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria among pregnant women attending primary health care centers in Ikenne Local Government Area. Methods: A quantitative descriptive survey design was employed for this study; researcher-structured questionnaires were used for data collection and a multi-stage sampling technique was used to select one hundred and fifty-one mothers from the primary health centers. Result: It showed that the majority (62.5%) of the participants had average knowledge of malaria in pregnancy, and 54.6% of the participants utilized IPTP. The study found no significant relationship between respondents’ knowledge of malaria in pregnancy and the uptake of IPTP (p-value = 0.888>0.05). Moreso, findings revealed no significant relationship between the time of antenatal initiation and the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy p-value = 0.281>0.05 (1, X2 = 1.163). In the same vein, no significant relationship was further revealed between the level of education and the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy p-value = 0.842>0.05 (1, X2 = 0.040). Conclusion: Generally, in Nigeria, the uptake of intermittent preventive treatment for malaria is still low irrespective of the level of the mother's knowledge. Therefore, an increase in awareness and education of women on IPTp with direct observation under uptake was hereby recommended.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42218242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammed A., L. K., Saidappa S.M, Shariff-Ghazali S., Ibrahim A.H.
Home birth is a widely practised norm among women in most developing countries. Studies continue to evaluate the safety of planned home birth (PHB) for low-risk women in high-income countries. However, such studies are scarce in Africa and other developing countries. The study examined PHB as a safe alternative to planned hospital birth for low-risk women. An electronic search was carried out on databases such as Medline database, Cochrane, Google Scholar, PubMed, and CINAHL to identify studies published in English from January 2007 to December 2017. A Meta-analytic study, systematic reviews, and observational (prospective and retrospective) studies were included in the literature reviews. The studies were analyzed using descriptive and narrative synthesis. The strength and or limitations of each study were assessed. Sixteen eligible articles were finally reviewed. PHB is equally safe in terms of complication (especially postpartum haemorrhage) compared to planned hospital birth. PHB would have a similar outcome in reducing maternal death for low-risk women if compared with planned hospital birth. Although neonatal asphyxia is mixed across studies, PHB is associated with a similarly low rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission. It was also indicated that there was no increase in neonatal mortality for PHB, especially for parous women. PHB compared to the hospital is associated with a similar low risk of maternal complications, maternal deaths, newborn complications, and newborn deaths, especially for parous women. Therefore, PHB is a safe alternative to hospital birth for low-risk women. While studies that are more recent are required to evaluate its feasibility and safety in developing countries, PHB (if properly attended) may reduce maternal and newborn complications and death associated with unplanned home births.
{"title":"Planned Home Birth as a Safe Alternative to Hospital Birth for Low-Risk Women: A Systematic Review","authors":"Muhammed A., L. K., Saidappa S.M, Shariff-Ghazali S., Ibrahim A.H.","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-dnq6bnpk","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-dnq6bnpk","url":null,"abstract":"Home birth is a widely practised norm among women in most developing countries. Studies continue to evaluate the safety of planned home birth (PHB) for low-risk women in high-income countries. However, such studies are scarce in Africa and other developing countries. The study examined PHB as a safe alternative to planned hospital birth for low-risk women. An electronic search was carried out on databases such as Medline database, Cochrane, Google Scholar, PubMed, and CINAHL to identify studies published in English from January 2007 to December 2017. A Meta-analytic study, systematic reviews, and observational (prospective and retrospective) studies were included in the literature reviews. The studies were analyzed using descriptive and narrative synthesis. The strength and or limitations of each study were assessed. Sixteen eligible articles were finally reviewed. PHB is equally safe in terms of complication (especially postpartum haemorrhage) compared to planned hospital birth. PHB would have a similar outcome in reducing maternal death for low-risk women if compared with planned hospital birth. Although neonatal asphyxia is mixed across studies, PHB is associated with a similarly low rate of neonatal intensive care unit admission. It was also indicated that there was no increase in neonatal mortality for PHB, especially for parous women. PHB compared to the hospital is associated with a similar low risk of maternal complications, maternal deaths, newborn complications, and newborn deaths, especially for parous women. Therefore, PHB is a safe alternative to hospital birth for low-risk women. While studies that are more recent are required to evaluate its feasibility and safety in developing countries, PHB (if properly attended) may reduce maternal and newborn complications and death associated with unplanned home births.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45833700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined determinants of substance abuse among high abusers of drugs in Ondo State universities. This study adopted descriptive research design of the case study type. The population of the study includes 51 undergraduate students identified to be high abusers of drugs. The identified students were purposively selected as samples for this study. An inventory on use of drugs was randomly distributed to undergraduate students. The study obtained data through the use of semi-structured questionnaires. The instrument was divided into four (4) sections. In order to ascertain the validity of the instrument, the instrument was presented to two research experts in the field of mental health for face and content validity. To ensure the reliability of this instrument, a test-retest form of reliability was used. Data was coded and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square test established that family background and personal factors influence substance abuse while school management has no influence. The study concluded that the increase in substance abuse among university students in Ondo State is as a result of the orientation of the students from their respective homes and the kind of friends or people the students associate with. It was recommended among others that most of the campaigns against substance abuse should be focused on peer group and family background influence.
{"title":"Determinants of Substance Abuse Among High Abusers of Drugs in Ondo State Universities","authors":"Awosika E.O., Agbapuonwu N.E.","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-mp0lwput","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-mp0lwput","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined determinants of substance abuse among high abusers of drugs in Ondo State universities. This study adopted descriptive research design of the case study type. The population of the study includes 51 undergraduate students identified to be high abusers of drugs. The identified students were purposively selected as samples for this study. An inventory on use of drugs was randomly distributed to undergraduate students. The study obtained data through the use of semi-structured questionnaires. The instrument was divided into four (4) sections. In order to ascertain the validity of the instrument, the instrument was presented to two research experts in the field of mental health for face and content validity. To ensure the reliability of this instrument, a test-retest form of reliability was used. Data was coded and analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square test established that family background and personal factors influence substance abuse while school management has no influence. The study concluded that the increase in substance abuse among university students in Ondo State is as a result of the orientation of the students from their respective homes and the kind of friends or people the students associate with. It was recommended among others that most of the campaigns against substance abuse should be focused on peer group and family background influence.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48931983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substance abuse can be described as any chemical abuse, implying the use of one or more substances in a manner that its user excessively and progressively consumes the substance in large quantities or in a manner detrimental to themselves or to those around them. The study examined the prevalence of substance abuse among secondary school adolescents in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. Two research questions and hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study comprised all 4,435 Senior Secondary School II students in the ten public secondary schools in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. A sample of 420 students was drawn for the study using the simple random sampling technique (balloting) and proportionate sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire titled “prevalence of substance abuse among adolescents in secondary schools” (POSAASS) and interview question on students’ substance abuse for teachers, principals and counsellors were used to obtain data. The questionnaire was designed on a four-point Likert scale. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was ensured. The test-retest method and Cronbach alpha method was used to establish the internal consistency and a reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained. Responses to the research questions were answered with mean and standard deviation, while the hypothesis was tested with independent t-test statistics. The findings of the study revealed that there is a high prevalence of substance abuse among the adolescents in secondary schools in Owerri Municipal council of Imo state, with alcohol rating as the most used and abused substance (100%) and stimulants the least used and abused substances (20.71%). Other substances that are used and abused among adolescents’ in secondary schools in Owerri Municipal council of Imo state include cigarettes (89.76%), and menthol sweet melted in carbonated drinks (98.1). Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that there should be constant regulation and monitoring by parents of the kind of company their children keep, counselling and health education of the adolescents in schools by the school health nurse and counsellors.
{"title":"Prevalence of Substance Abuse Among Secondary School Adolescents in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State","authors":"Igboka A.N., Elkhanah C.N., Agbapuonwu N.E.","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-rngoj5j7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-rngoj5j7","url":null,"abstract":"Substance abuse can be described as any chemical abuse, implying the use of one or more substances in a manner that its user excessively and progressively consumes the substance in large quantities or in a manner detrimental to themselves or to those around them. The study examined the prevalence of substance abuse among secondary school adolescents in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. Two research questions and hypotheses guided the study. The population of the study comprised all 4,435 Senior Secondary School II students in the ten public secondary schools in Owerri Municipal Council of Imo State. A sample of 420 students was drawn for the study using the simple random sampling technique (balloting) and proportionate sampling technique. A self-structured questionnaire titled “prevalence of substance abuse among adolescents in secondary schools” (POSAASS) and interview question on students’ substance abuse for teachers, principals and counsellors were used to obtain data. The questionnaire was designed on a four-point Likert scale. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was ensured. The test-retest method and Cronbach alpha method was used to establish the internal consistency and a reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained. Responses to the research questions were answered with mean and standard deviation, while the hypothesis was tested with independent t-test statistics. The findings of the study revealed that there is a high prevalence of substance abuse among the adolescents in secondary schools in Owerri Municipal council of Imo state, with alcohol rating as the most used and abused substance (100%) and stimulants the least used and abused substances (20.71%). Other substances that are used and abused among adolescents’ in secondary schools in Owerri Municipal council of Imo state include cigarettes (89.76%), and menthol sweet melted in carbonated drinks (98.1). Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that there should be constant regulation and monitoring by parents of the kind of company their children keep, counselling and health education of the adolescents in schools by the school health nurse and counsellors.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44508657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study is aimed at assessing the perceptions and attitudes towards caesarean section (CS) among women attending maternity care at the State Hospital, Ijebu-ode Community. This is a descriptive study which involved all pregnant mothers using State Hospital, Ijebu-Ode. They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics, previous pregnancy and delivery history as well as knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards CS. The results were analyzed with statistical package for social science (SPSS) software and presented as frequency and percentages. This was further analyzed using chi-square and t-test. The women had good knowledge of CS; however, only 39% had a fair perception of CS as a method of delivery, while 60% of Christian mothers would accept CS if needed to save their lives and that of their babies. Up to 13.3% of women from the Islamic religion would not accept CS under any circumstance. The positive perception of CS among mothers can be closely related to the study area (university community) where everybody has a pre-knowledge of CS. Logistic regression showed that women's low level of education, and past successful vaginal and instrumental deliveries, were most likely to be associated with women's non-acceptance of indicated CS. Further analysis showed that this was mainly due to inaccurate cultural and religious perceptions of labour and CS in the cohort of women. There is a need for programs to increase women's and community’s perceptions of CS as a method of delivery in Nigeria.
{"title":"Time to Consider the Introduction of Mandatory Continuous Assessment of Factors Affecting Mothers’ Perception of Caesarean Delivery in State Hospital Ijebu-Ode","authors":"R. O. Omole","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-hrzzp3hz","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-hrzzp3hz","url":null,"abstract":"This study is aimed at assessing the perceptions and attitudes towards caesarean section (CS) among women attending maternity care at the State Hospital, Ijebu-ode Community. This is a descriptive study which involved all pregnant mothers using State Hospital, Ijebu-Ode. They were interviewed with a structured questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics, previous pregnancy and delivery history as well as knowledge, perceptions and attitudes towards CS. The results were analyzed with statistical package for social science (SPSS) software and presented as frequency and percentages. This was further analyzed using chi-square and t-test. The women had good knowledge of CS; however, only 39% had a fair perception of CS as a method of delivery, while 60% of Christian mothers would accept CS if needed to save their lives and that of their babies. Up to 13.3% of women from the Islamic religion would not accept CS under any circumstance. The positive perception of CS among mothers can be closely related to the study area (university community) where everybody has a pre-knowledge of CS. Logistic regression showed that women's low level of education, and past successful vaginal and instrumental deliveries, were most likely to be associated with women's non-acceptance of indicated CS. Further analysis showed that this was mainly due to inaccurate cultural and religious perceptions of labour and CS in the cohort of women. There is a need for programs to increase women's and community’s perceptions of CS as a method of delivery in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44218841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Breast milk is a divine gift for a baby and breast feeding is the nature’s best way to nurture the newborn. Immediately after the delivery breast feeding encourages the bonding of the mother to her baby. The International Organizations like WHO, UNICEF and WABA recommend that breast feeding should be initiated in the first hour of birth. One of the methods for early initiation of breast feeding was breast crawl. Breast crawl is the natural instinctive behaviour of the newborn and everything in breast crawl is perfectly designed by nature. The present study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of breast crawl technique on initiation of breast feeding among newborns and mothers self-satisfaction in a tertiary care hospital, Kochi. Objectives: The study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of breast crawl on initiation of breast feeding among newborns, compare the time of initiation of breast feeding among newborns in two groups and assess the self-satisfaction of mothers in experimental group. Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental study, with Post-Test only Control group design and quantitative approach conducted in labour room of AIMS, Kochi among 60 full term newborns and born through normal vaginal delivery and selected by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Among the 60 newborns, 30 were allocated to both experimental and control group. The breast crawl technique proposed by UNICEF IN 2018 was performed to experimental group and assessed the initiation of breast feeding by LATCH breast feeding assessment tool. Routine hospital care and health education regarding importance of breast feeding was given to the control group. Results: The mean LATCH breast feeding score was 8.87±0.681 in experimental group and 6.50±0.861 in control group which was found to be significant at p˂0.001. About the time duration for initiation of breastfeeding among the two groups, the mean score was 34.57±5.5 in experimental group and 75.23±4.6 minutes in control group which was found to be significant with p˂0.001. Among the mothers in the experimental group, 57% were highly satisfied, 43% were moderately satisfied and none of the mothers had less satisfaction. Conclusion: Breast crawl technique was found to be effective in breast feeding initiation among the newborn and increased maternal satisfaction among experimental group and expressed that breast crawl was totally a new experience and will suggest it to others. Clinical Significance: Based on the study findings, breast crawl technique can be implemented and practiced in clinical settings for initiation of breast feeding among newborns.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Breast Crawl on Initiation of Breastfeeding among Newborn and Mother’s Self Satisfaction in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kochi","authors":"Bindhya D.P.M., Linda V.","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-xobxh2cp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-xobxh2cp","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Breast milk is a divine gift for a baby and breast feeding is the nature’s best way to nurture the newborn. Immediately after the delivery breast feeding encourages the bonding of the mother to her baby. The International Organizations like WHO, UNICEF and WABA recommend that breast feeding should be initiated in the first hour of birth. One of the methods for early initiation of breast feeding was breast crawl. Breast crawl is the natural instinctive behaviour of the newborn and everything in breast crawl is perfectly designed by nature. The present study intends to evaluate the effectiveness of breast crawl technique on initiation of breast feeding among newborns and mothers self-satisfaction in a tertiary care hospital, Kochi. Objectives: The study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of breast crawl on initiation of breast feeding among newborns, compare the time of initiation of breast feeding among newborns in two groups and assess the self-satisfaction of mothers in experimental group. Materials and Methods: A quasi experimental study, with Post-Test only Control group design and quantitative approach conducted in labour room of AIMS, Kochi among 60 full term newborns and born through normal vaginal delivery and selected by using non-probability purposive sampling technique. Among the 60 newborns, 30 were allocated to both experimental and control group. The breast crawl technique proposed by UNICEF IN 2018 was performed to experimental group and assessed the initiation of breast feeding by LATCH breast feeding assessment tool. Routine hospital care and health education regarding importance of breast feeding was given to the control group. Results: The mean LATCH breast feeding score was 8.87±0.681 in experimental group and 6.50±0.861 in control group which was found to be significant at p˂0.001. About the time duration for initiation of breastfeeding among the two groups, the mean score was 34.57±5.5 in experimental group and 75.23±4.6 minutes in control group which was found to be significant with p˂0.001. Among the mothers in the experimental group, 57% were highly satisfied, 43% were moderately satisfied and none of the mothers had less satisfaction. Conclusion: Breast crawl technique was found to be effective in breast feeding initiation among the newborn and increased maternal satisfaction among experimental group and expressed that breast crawl was totally a new experience and will suggest it to others. Clinical Significance: Based on the study findings, breast crawl technique can be implemented and practiced in clinical settings for initiation of breast feeding among newborns.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48912628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In developed countries like Australia, Canada, UK and USA, continuous professional development (CPD) is statutory or mandatory training for all regulated healthcare staff such as doctors, midwives, nurses, pharmacists and physiotherapists. All patients facing healthcare professionals are expected to attend stipulated programs of learning some with annual recall. These trainings are compulsory to attend. Staff employers would be in breach of statutory laws or regulatory requirements if they employ or allow staff to work with expired CPD competencies. In a low- or middle-income country (LMIC) like Sierra Leone, CPD is currently selective, and voluntary and registration licences are not revalidated. This can invariably put patients at risk as clinical skills/knowledge are not regularly verified. This paper discusses the rationale for the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL) to consider introducing mandatory CPD training programmes, especially for nurses and midwives employed in healthcare settings in the country.
{"title":"Time to Consider the Introduction of Mandatory Continuous Professional Development Training Programme for Registered Healthcare Workers Especially Nurses and Midwives in Sierra Leone","authors":"Momoh I.S., Rogers M.K.K.","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-q0zplgvs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-q0zplgvs","url":null,"abstract":"In developed countries like Australia, Canada, UK and USA, continuous professional development (CPD) is statutory or mandatory training for all regulated healthcare staff such as doctors, midwives, nurses, pharmacists and physiotherapists. All patients facing healthcare professionals are expected to attend stipulated programs of learning some with annual recall. These trainings are compulsory to attend. Staff employers would be in breach of statutory laws or regulatory requirements if they employ or allow staff to work with expired CPD competencies. In a low- or middle-income country (LMIC) like Sierra Leone, CPD is currently selective, and voluntary and registration licences are not revalidated. This can invariably put patients at risk as clinical skills/knowledge are not regularly verified. This paper discusses the rationale for the Government of Sierra Leone (GoSL) to consider introducing mandatory CPD training programmes, especially for nurses and midwives employed in healthcare settings in the country.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42179016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Among the screening methods for the early detection of breast abnormalities that could lead to breast cancer, Breast self-examination is the basic, simplest, cost effective, self-administered and very important technique. It allows women to get acquainted with the nature of their breasts and therefore allows them to discover any deviation. Early detection goes a long way in successful treatment of BC and this is easily come by with good and adequate knowledge, good attitude towards and excellent skill to administer BSE. Consequently, we drew out the data on BSE knowledge, attitudes and practice among Nigeria women. Methods: A systematic review was done among studies conducted in Nigeria using Arskey and O’Malleys’ framework as a guide. The databases searched include PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, Jstor, Intech Open, Proquest and PubMed Central for relevant studies on women’s knowledge, attitude and practice on BSE. Studies included in the review were from thirteen states in Nigeria. The articles reviewed in this systematic review were journals published between August 2012 to July 2022, a 10-year systematic review. Results: Sixty-three (63) articles were firstly extracted to be eligible for review; thirty-seven (37) were excluded due to duplication of content, lack of focus on the concept and incomplete content. Another nine (9) were discarded for muddling up result with another concept and for not involving at least two of the variables, i.e., knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination. The seventeen (17) articles were conducted in thirteen states of which two (2) were conducted in Osun State as well as Sokoto State and three in Oyo State while one (1) each in other ten states, namely Benin, Kano, Imo, Akwa-Ibom, Ekiti, Ebonyi, Abia, Ondo, Awka, and Lagos States. Twelve (12) studies reported evidence on BSE knowledge, attitude and practice; three (3) on knowledge and practice; and two (2) reported on attitude and practice of BSE. The findings of this study submit varying knowledge levels on BSE though—averagely good knowledge but poor practice among women in Nigeria. Conclusion/Recommendation: The findings from these studies show that the knowledge of BSE among women folk in Nigeria is averagely low though women’s attitude seems good. Similarly, the practice of BSE among women in Nigeria is poor. Therefore, proactive measures need to be taken to increase the level of knowledge of BSE through educational programs among every category of women to reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer in Nigeria in the nearest future.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Breast Self-Examination in Nigeria: A 10 Year Systematic Review","authors":"Ogunmodede E.O., Aluko J.O., Anorkwuru R.","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-gniirnmi","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-gniirnmi","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Among the screening methods for the early detection of breast abnormalities that could lead to breast cancer, Breast self-examination is the basic, simplest, cost effective, self-administered and very important technique. It allows women to get acquainted with the nature of their breasts and therefore allows them to discover any deviation. Early detection goes a long way in successful treatment of BC and this is easily come by with good and adequate knowledge, good attitude towards and excellent skill to administer BSE. Consequently, we drew out the data on BSE knowledge, attitudes and practice among Nigeria women. Methods: A systematic review was done among studies conducted in Nigeria using Arskey and O’Malleys’ framework as a guide. The databases searched include PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, Jstor, Intech Open, Proquest and PubMed Central for relevant studies on women’s knowledge, attitude and practice on BSE. Studies included in the review were from thirteen states in Nigeria. The articles reviewed in this systematic review were journals published between August 2012 to July 2022, a 10-year systematic review. Results: Sixty-three (63) articles were firstly extracted to be eligible for review; thirty-seven (37) were excluded due to duplication of content, lack of focus on the concept and incomplete content. Another nine (9) were discarded for muddling up result with another concept and for not involving at least two of the variables, i.e., knowledge, attitude and practice of breast self-examination. The seventeen (17) articles were conducted in thirteen states of which two (2) were conducted in Osun State as well as Sokoto State and three in Oyo State while one (1) each in other ten states, namely Benin, Kano, Imo, Akwa-Ibom, Ekiti, Ebonyi, Abia, Ondo, Awka, and Lagos States. Twelve (12) studies reported evidence on BSE knowledge, attitude and practice; three (3) on knowledge and practice; and two (2) reported on attitude and practice of BSE. The findings of this study submit varying knowledge levels on BSE though—averagely good knowledge but poor practice among women in Nigeria. Conclusion/Recommendation: The findings from these studies show that the knowledge of BSE among women folk in Nigeria is averagely low though women’s attitude seems good. Similarly, the practice of BSE among women in Nigeria is poor. Therefore, proactive measures need to be taken to increase the level of knowledge of BSE through educational programs among every category of women to reduce morbidity and mortality from breast cancer in Nigeria in the nearest future.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43196085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aim: To assess the level of workplace commitment among Nurses in Edo state tertiary health institutions. Design: A cross-sectional study. Method: An adapted self-administered questionnaire was utilised for data collection, 326 nurses were administered a questionnaire between October 4th to November 12th, 2021 to assess workplace commitment among nurses working in Edo state and to identify the relationship between the categorical variable (gender, age and length of service). Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 and the Chi-Square test were used for the analysis. The result was presented in tables. Result: Ninety-five per cent (310) of the participants filled and returned their questionnaire, among the respondent was 66.8% female. Regarding the workplace commitment sub-construct, the affective and continuance saw 44.13% and 42.64% disagreement respectively while 42.57% agreed on normative. The participants, (41.81%) expressed low levels of workplace commitment and there was no significant relationship between the categorical variables and workplace commitment. Conclusion: The low level of workplace commitment among nurses is not a good phenomenon for health institutions as this may reduce nurses' output and necessitate intent to leave for another health care facility either within or outside the shores of Nigeria adding to the stress of the remaining healthcare worker. Therefore, it is expedient to improve nurses' rewards accordingly, ensure a good leadership style, and involve them in policy-making in the hospital to improve their attachment and identification with their place of work.
{"title":"Workplace Commitment Among Nurses in Edo State Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"N. S.F., Makata N.E.","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-sclvdsgu","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-sclvdsgu","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To assess the level of workplace commitment among Nurses in Edo state tertiary health institutions. Design: A cross-sectional study. Method: An adapted self-administered questionnaire was utilised for data collection, 326 nurses were administered a questionnaire between October 4th to November 12th, 2021 to assess workplace commitment among nurses working in Edo state and to identify the relationship between the categorical variable (gender, age and length of service). Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 25 and the Chi-Square test were used for the analysis. The result was presented in tables. Result: Ninety-five per cent (310) of the participants filled and returned their questionnaire, among the respondent was 66.8% female. Regarding the workplace commitment sub-construct, the affective and continuance saw 44.13% and 42.64% disagreement respectively while 42.57% agreed on normative. The participants, (41.81%) expressed low levels of workplace commitment and there was no significant relationship between the categorical variables and workplace commitment. Conclusion: The low level of workplace commitment among nurses is not a good phenomenon for health institutions as this may reduce nurses' output and necessitate intent to leave for another health care facility either within or outside the shores of Nigeria adding to the stress of the remaining healthcare worker. Therefore, it is expedient to improve nurses' rewards accordingly, ensure a good leadership style, and involve them in policy-making in the hospital to improve their attachment and identification with their place of work.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42669813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Diarrhoea remains the leading killer of children, accounting for approximately 9 percent of all deaths among children under age 5 worldwide in 2019. This translates to over 1,300 young children under five dying each day, or about 484,000 children a year, despite the availability of a simple treatment solution like the use of oral rehydration therapy (ORS) and zinc supplements. Therefore, this study evaluated the differential utilisation of ORS and Zinc supplements in the management of diarrhoea among under five children attending primary health care centres in Oyo State, Nigeria from 2017 to 2021. The researcher conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2017 to 2021 to evaluate the differential utilisation of ORS and Zinc supplements in the management of diarrhoea among under five children in Oyo State, Nigeria. Secondary analysis of the treatment data from selected primary health care centres in Oyo State was conducted from 2017 to 2021; the number of patients diagnosed of diarrhoea with their age group and treated with either ORS or zinc supplements on admission were analysed for each year at each of the PHC. A significant positive, near perfect correlation was found to occur between number of diarrhoea cases and ORS usage and age range (r= 0.983; p=0.01) and number of diarrhoea cases with Zinc usage (r= 0.914; p= 0.01); translating to the fact that ORS and Zinc usages increased with increased number of diarrhoea cases. Increase in ORS usage also positively correlates with usage of Zinc among the under five children. It was concluded that the most affected age group with the highest diarrhoea rate are children within 12-59 months. There is thus a need to improve the sensitisation of the use of oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplements by the health care workers in our Primary Health Care centres. Again, adequate preventive and control strategies should be put in place at the PHC, Local and State levels to improve on data reporting on cases of under-five diarrhoea disease.
{"title":"Differential Utilisation of two Therapeutic Methods in the Management of Diarrhoea among Under-Five Children Attending Primary Health Care Centres in Oyo State, Nigeria","authors":"Oyewumi Zaccheus Opeyemi","doi":"10.52589/ajhnm-oo8swqe8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-oo8swqe8","url":null,"abstract":"Diarrhoea remains the leading killer of children, accounting for approximately 9 percent of all deaths among children under age 5 worldwide in 2019. This translates to over 1,300 young children under five dying each day, or about 484,000 children a year, despite the availability of a simple treatment solution like the use of oral rehydration therapy (ORS) and zinc supplements. Therefore, this study evaluated the differential utilisation of ORS and Zinc supplements in the management of diarrhoea among under five children attending primary health care centres in Oyo State, Nigeria from 2017 to 2021. The researcher conducted a retrospective cohort study from 2017 to 2021 to evaluate the differential utilisation of ORS and Zinc supplements in the management of diarrhoea among under five children in Oyo State, Nigeria. Secondary analysis of the treatment data from selected primary health care centres in Oyo State was conducted from 2017 to 2021; the number of patients diagnosed of diarrhoea with their age group and treated with either ORS or zinc supplements on admission were analysed for each year at each of the PHC. A significant positive, near perfect correlation was found to occur between number of diarrhoea cases and ORS usage and age range (r= 0.983; p=0.01) and number of diarrhoea cases with Zinc usage (r= 0.914; p= 0.01); translating to the fact that ORS and Zinc usages increased with increased number of diarrhoea cases. Increase in ORS usage also positively correlates with usage of Zinc among the under five children. It was concluded that the most affected age group with the highest diarrhoea rate are children within 12-59 months. There is thus a need to improve the sensitisation of the use of oral rehydration therapy and zinc supplements by the health care workers in our Primary Health Care centres. Again, adequate preventive and control strategies should be put in place at the PHC, Local and State levels to improve on data reporting on cases of under-five diarrhoea disease.","PeriodicalId":93406,"journal":{"name":"African journal of health, nursing and midwifery","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46345259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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