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Applied aerodynamics : papers presented at the AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition 2020 : Orlando, Florida, USA, 6-10 January 2020. AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition (2020 : Orlando, Fla.)最新文献

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Aerodynamic shape optimization of aircraft engine nozzles based on Computer-Aided Design 基于计算机辅助设计的航空发动机喷管气动形状优化
S. Bagy, B. Mohammadi, M. Meheut, M. Lallia, P. Coat
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Aerodynamic shape optimization of aircraft engine nozzles based on Computer-Aided Design Simon Bagy, Mathieu Lallia, Pascal Coat, Bijan Mohammadi, Michaël Méheut
它是一个多学科的开放获取档案,用于科学研究文件的存储和传播,无论它们是否出版。这些文件可能来自法国或国外的教学和研究机构,也可能来自公共或私人研究中心。HAL开放多学科档案旨在存放和传播来自法国或外国教育和研究机构、公共或私人实验室的已发表或未发表的研究级科学文件。Simon Bagy, Mathieu Lallia, Pascal Coat, Bijan Mohammadi, michael meheut
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引用次数: 2
Simulation of a Machine Learning Based Controller for a Fixed-Wing UAV with Distributed Sensors 基于机器学习的分布式传感器固定翼无人机控制器仿真
Ana Guerra-Langan, S. Araujo-Estrada, Arthur G. Richards, S. Windsor
Recent research suggests that the information obtained from arrays of sensors distributed on the wing of a fixed-wing small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) can provide information not available to conventional sensor suites. These arrays of sensors are capable of sensing the flow around the aircraft and it has been indicated that they could be a potential tool to improve flight control and overall flight performance. However, more work needs to be carried out to fully exploit the potential of these sensors for flight control. This work presents a 3 degrees-of-freedom longitudinal flight dynamics and control simulation model of a small fixed-wing UAV. Experimental readings of an array of pressure and strain sensors distributed across the wing were integrated in the model. This study investigated the feasibility of using machine learning to control airspeed of the UAV using the readings from the sensing array, and looked into the sensor layout and its effect on the performance of the controller. It was found that an artificial neural network was able to learn to mimic a conventional airspeed controller using only distributed sensor signals, but showed better performance for controlling changes in airspeed for a constant altitude than holding airspeed during changes in altitude. The neural network could control airspeed using either pressure or strain sensor information, but having both improved robustness to increased levels of turbulence. Results showed that some strain sensors and many pressure sensors signals were not necessary to achieve good controller performance, but that the pressure sensors near the leading edge of the wing were required. Future work will focus on replacing other elements of the flight control system with machine learning elements and investigate the use of reinforcement learning in place of supervised learning.
最近的研究表明,分布在固定翼小型无人机机翼上的传感器阵列可以提供传统传感器组无法获得的信息。这些传感器阵列能够感知飞机周围的气流,并且已经表明它们可能是改善飞行控制和整体飞行性能的潜在工具。然而,为了充分利用这些传感器在飞行控制方面的潜力,还需要进行更多的工作。提出了一种小型固定翼无人机三自由度纵向飞行动力学与控制仿真模型。分布在机翼上的一系列压力和应变传感器的实验读数被集成到模型中。本文研究了利用传感器阵列的读数利用机器学习控制无人机空速的可行性,并研究了传感器布局及其对控制器性能的影响。研究发现,人工神经网络能够学习模仿仅使用分布式传感器信号的传统空速控制器,但在控制恒定高度的空速变化方面表现出比在高度变化期间保持空速更好的性能。神经网络可以使用压力或应变传感器信息来控制空速,但两者都提高了对增加的湍流水平的鲁棒性。结果表明,要获得良好的控制器性能,并不需要一些应变传感器和许多压力传感器信号,而需要靠近机翼前缘的压力传感器。未来的工作将集中在用机器学习元素取代飞行控制系统的其他元素,并研究使用强化学习代替监督学习。
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引用次数: 3
Evaluation of Flight Parameters During Approach and Landing Phases by Applying Principal Component Analysis 基于主成分分析的进近和着陆阶段飞行参数评估
S. K. Jasra, G. Valentino, A. Muscat, D. Zammit-Mangion, R. Camilleri
This paper adopts an unsupervised learning technique, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to analyze flight data. While the flight parameters for a stable approach have been established for a while, the paper reevaluates these flight parameters using PCA for a set of airports across the United States of America. Some flight parameters were found to be more sensitive to some airports. The parameters have been cross-checked with experts in the industry to better interpret their significance.
本文采用无监督学习技术——主成分分析(PCA)对飞行数据进行分析。虽然稳定方法的飞行参数已经建立了一段时间,但本文使用PCA对美国的一组机场重新评估了这些飞行参数。研究发现,某些飞行参数对某些机场更为敏感。这些参数已经与业内专家进行了交叉核对,以更好地解释它们的重要性。
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引用次数: 2
Evolving Material Porosity on an Additive Manufacturing Simulation with the Generalized Method of Cells 用广义单元法模拟增材制造过程中材料孔隙度的变化
Luis F. Silva, Francisco A. Yapor Genao, E. Pineda, P. Gustafson
The effect of material porosity on final part distortion and residual stresses in a selective laser sintering manufacturing simulation is presented here. A time-dependent thermomechanical model is used with the open-source FEA software CalculiX. Effective homogenized material properties for Inconel 625 are precomputed using NASA’s Micromechanics Analysis Code with Generalized Method of Cells (MAC/GMC). The evolving porosity of the material is estimated with each pass of the laser beam during simulation runtime. A comparison with a homogenous model and the evolving model shows that the evolving porous model predicts larger distortions with greater residual stresses.
研究了选择性激光烧结制造过程中材料孔隙率对最终零件变形和残余应力的影响。利用开放源代码的有限元分析软件CalculiX建立了时间相关的热力学模型。使用美国宇航局的通用单元法微力学分析代码(MAC/GMC)预先计算了Inconel 625的有效均质材料性能。在模拟运行过程中,随着激光束的每次通过,材料的孔隙度的变化被估计出来。与均匀模型和演化模型的比较表明,演化模型预测的残余应力越大,变形越大。
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引用次数: 5
Nonlinear Slosh Damping Testing and Analysis for Launch Vehicle Propellant Tanks 运载火箭推进剂储罐非线性晃动阻尼试验与分析
T. Zwieten, Jacob Brodnick, S. Reese, M. Ruth, B. Marsell, R. Parks
Propellant tank slosh damping models for launch vehicle ascent analysis typically employ linear models for bare-wall damping, or assume a single, low-amplitude wave height for baffled configurations. A higher fidelity damping model would incorporate nonlinear effects to increase damping as slosh wave amplitude increases. This paper provides an overview of a technical assessment performed by the NASA Engineering and Safety Center (NESC) to evaluate lateral slosh damping as a function of lateral force (or wave) amplitude for multiple tank configurations. The increased fidelity of nonlinear slosh damping models, if leveraged, has the potential to reduce over-conservatism associated with the use of linear slosh damping models. This can provide design flexibility to enhance launch vehicle flight control performance, reduce baffle design requirements and/or increase robustness in targeted areas such as control-structure interaction during ascent. provide context for use of CFD full-scale propellant tank subscale tank test are
用于运载火箭上升分析的推进剂燃料箱晃动阻尼模型通常采用裸壁阻尼的线性模型,或者在挡板结构中假设一个单一的低振幅波高。较高保真度的阻尼模型将考虑非线性效应,随着晃动波幅值的增加而增加阻尼。本文概述了由NASA工程与安全中心(NESC)执行的一项技术评估,以评估多种油箱配置的横向晃动阻尼作为横向力(或波)振幅的函数。非线性晃动阻尼模型保真度的提高,如果加以利用,有可能减少与使用线性晃动阻尼模型相关的过度保守性。这可以提供设计灵活性,以提高运载火箭的飞行控制性能,减少挡板设计要求和/或增加目标区域的鲁棒性,例如在上升过程中控制结构的相互作用。为CFD全尺寸推进剂储罐的使用提供了背景
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引用次数: 1
Identifying Optimal Equivalent Area Changes to Reduce Sonic Boom Loudness 确定最佳等效面积变化以降低音爆响度
Troy A. Abraham, D. Hunsaker, Jonathan M. Weaver-Rosen, R. Malak
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引用次数: 7
Hypersonic Boundary Layer Receptivity over a Blunt Cone to Freestream Pulse Disturbances 钝锥上高超声速边界层对自由流脉冲扰动的接受性
Simon He, X. Zhong
Although receptivity plays a key role in the transition of hypersonic flows, most prior computational receptivity studies have neglected to study broadband frequency disturbance spectra. This work uses perfect gas linear stability theory (LST) and direct numerical simulation (DNS) to study the receptivity of flow over a 9.525 mm nose radius, 7 deg half-angle straight cone at Mach 10 using finite spherical and planar pulses to approximate disturbances with broadband frequency spectra. Freestream fast acoustic, slow acoustic, temperature, and vorticity pulses of both geometrieswere studied to investigate awide range of forcing conditions.UnsteadyDNSpredicts secondmodegrowth and agrees well with LST. DNS and LST data are used to extract second mode receptivity coefficients and phase spectra. For the finite pulses the strongest to weakest responses are for the fast acoustic, temperature, slow acoustic, and vorticity pulses, respectively. The planar disturbances show the strongest response for the slow acoustic, temperature, vorticity, and fast acoustic pulses in that order. Fast Fourier transform results show significant variation in the spectral disturbance response between disturbance types and geometries, and the planar fast acoustic pulse in particular is shown to much more readily excite modal disturbances other than the primary second mode.
虽然可接受度在高超声速流动的转捩中起着关键作用,但以往的计算可接受度研究大多忽略了对宽频扰动谱的研究。本文利用完美气体线性稳定性理论(LST)和直接数值模拟(DNS)研究了在10马赫速度下,机头半径为9.525 mm、7度半角直锥的气流接受度,利用有限球面和平面脉冲近似宽带频谱扰动。研究了两种几何形状的自由流快声、慢声、温度和涡度脉冲,以研究广泛的强迫条件。non - steady预测第二模式增长,与LST很好地吻合。利用DNS和LST数据提取第二模接受度系数和相位谱。对于有限脉冲,响应最强到最弱的分别是快声脉冲、温度脉冲、慢声脉冲和涡量脉冲。平面扰动对慢声脉冲、温度脉冲、涡量脉冲和快声脉冲的响应最强。快速傅里叶变换结果表明,在扰动类型和几何形状之间,光谱扰动响应有显著的变化,特别是平面快速声脉冲,比主要的第二模态更容易激发模态扰动。
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引用次数: 3
Development and Simulation of Damage Tolerant Control Laws for a Compound Helicopter 复合型直升机容损控制律的研制与仿真
Marit E. Knapp, Christina M. Ivler, J. Horn, Eric N. Johnson, D. Bridges, Mark J. S. Lopez, M. Tischler, Joseph Wagster, Kenny Cheung
A piloted simulation study was conducted to evaluate damage tolerant control (DTC) law concepts. The simulated aircraft is a fly-by-wire compound utility helicopter based on the X-49A. The aircraft features auxiliary thrust through a vectored thrust ducted propeller and auxiliary lift through a wing. The configuration includes a number of redundant control surfaces, including flaperons and elevators that help enable DTC. This paper covers the design of the baseline inner-loop control laws, which were optimized to meet Level 1 requirements for a comprehensive set of stability, handling qualities and performance specifications. Methodology and development of the control allocation methods for DTC is presented. The fixed-base piloted simulation experiment qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated the baseline control laws with various control allocation methods. Handling qualities ratings were collected using a series of maneuvers, including pitch and roll capture and tracking tasks. Survivability ratings, quantitative performance metrics, and pilot comments were collected for multiple damage scenarios in which the pilot attempted to safely land the aircraft following damage that severely limited control in one or more axes. Handling qualities ratings were also collected for the tracking tasks in the presence of damage. The paper is concluded with an overall evaluation and comparison of the damage tolerant methods.
对容损控制(DTC)律概念进行了初步的仿真研究。模拟飞机是一种基于X-49A的电传复合通用直升机。该飞机通过矢量推力导管螺旋桨提供辅助推力,并通过机翼提供辅助升力。该配置包括许多冗余控制面,包括有助于启用DTC的襟副翼和升降舵。本文介绍了基准内环控制律的设计,优化后的内环控制律在稳定性、处理质量和性能规格方面满足1级要求。介绍了直接转矩控制分配方法的方法和发展。通过定基导飞仿真实验,对各种控制分配方法下的基线控制规律进行定性和定量评价。处理质量评级收集使用一系列的机动,包括俯仰和滚转捕获和跟踪任务。生存能力评级、定量性能指标和飞行员评论收集了多种损坏场景,在这些场景中,飞行员试图在严重限制控制的一个或多个轴上安全降落飞机。处理质量评级也收集了跟踪任务在存在的损害。最后对几种损伤容限方法进行了综合评价和比较。
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引用次数: 6
A CFD Validation Challenge for Transonic, Shock-Induced Separated Flow: Experimental Characterization 跨音速激波分离流的CFD验证挑战:实验表征
K. Lynch, B. Lance, G. Lee, J. Naughton, N. Miller, M. Barone, S. Beresh, R. Spillers, M. Soehnel
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引用次数: 4
Preliminary Measurements of the Motion of Arcjet Current Channel Using Inductive Magnetic Probes 感应磁探头对电弧电流通道运动的初步测量
M. Haw, J. B. Meurisse, S. Visser, Sergio Fraile Izquierdo, J. Schulz, N. Mansour
This paper covers the design and first measurements of non-perturbative, external inductive magnetic diagnostics for arcjet constrictors which can measure the motion of the arc current-channel. These measurements of arc motion are motivated by previous simulations using the ARC Heater Simulator (ARCHeS), which predicted unsteady arc motion due to the magnetic kink instability. Measurements of the kink instability are relevant to characterizing motion of the enthalpy profile of the arcjet, the arcjet operational stability, and electrode damage due to associated arc detachment events. These first measurements indicate ± 4 mm oscillations at 0.5-2 kHz of the current profile.
本文介绍了用于测量电弧电流通道运动的电弧收缩器的非摄动外感应磁诊断装置的设计和首次测量。这些电弧运动的测量是基于先前使用电弧加热器模拟器(ARCHeS)进行的模拟,该模拟预测了由于磁扭不稳定性导致的非定常电弧运动。扭结不稳定性的测量与表征电弧的焓谱运动、电弧的工作稳定性以及相关电弧分离事件引起的电极损伤有关。这些第一次测量表明±4毫米振荡在0.5-2千赫的电流剖面。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Applied aerodynamics : papers presented at the AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition 2020 : Orlando, Florida, USA, 6-10 January 2020. AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition (2020 : Orlando, Fla.)
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