Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America最新文献

英文中文

From Prototype to Reality: Moving Beyond the Technology Hype in Ecological Research 从原型到现实：超越生态研究中的技术炒作

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America

Pub Date : 2024-12-04 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2209

Eline Lorer, Dries Landuyt

In the face of accelerating anthropogenic pressures threatening global ecosystems, the need for environmental monitoring grows ever more important. Continuous tracking of species and ecosystems helps us to understand ecosystem dynamics and functioning in these uncertain times. Scientists and conservationists everywhere are emphasizing that technological advancements can improve monitoring efforts by increasing spatial and temporal resolution and allowing for real-time data streams (Hahn et al. 2022, Speaker et al. 2022). The enhanced understanding of global ecosystem responses to, for instance, climate change is critical to inform policy decisions and guide conservation and environmental management (Allan et al. 2018). More and more, the scientific and conservation community are creating new affordable monitoring systems fully tailored to their specific needs, mostly by leveraging open-source electronics such as the Arduino or Raspberry Pi platforms (e.g., Pearce 2012, Jolles 2021, Mühlbauer et al. 2023). These success stories are published in various scientific journals, but when problems or failures occur they remain underexposed, potentially creating inflated expectations for readers (Lahoz-Monfort et al. 2019). While reflective practice (see Box 1) is strongly embedded in social sciences research, it is rarely adopted in the natural sciences, let alone distributed via scientific publications (but see the Centre and Journal of Trial and Error; https://trialanderror.org/).This piece of reflection grew from the complications we faced and insights we gained when developing an innovative phenology monitoring system ourselves. With this writing, we want to look beyond the technology hype and associated good news narratives to think about a future with sustainable technological innovations for ecological research and conservation. Sustainability, in this case, implies performance, stability, and reuse, which is definitely not the same as achieving successful measurements over 1 week, month, or year for one project. We firmly believe in the potential of technology to help us better understand the challenges our planet is faced with and we hope this testimony can serve as a motivation to take on ambitious innovation projects but with a realist view and a collaborative mindset.Within our research project, we study how global environmental change affects flowering and vegetative phenology of forest understorey plant species. More specifically, we assess phenological shifts in a global change mesocosm experiment in which small plant communities are being exposed to warming, light addition, and nutrient addition. To investigate flowering phenology, we counted flowers every 2 days throughout the flowering season of 2021 and 2022 (Lorer et al. 2024). Since the temperate forest understory harbors both early flowering and summer flowering s

面对威胁全球生态系统的不断加剧的人为压力，对环境监测的需求变得越来越重要。对物种和生态系统的持续跟踪有助于我们了解这些不确定时期的生态系统动态和功能。世界各地的科学家和环保主义者都强调，技术进步可以通过提高空间和时间分辨率以及允许实时数据流来改善监测工作（Hahn et al. 2022, Speaker et al. 2022）。加强对全球生态系统对气候变化等的响应的了解，对于为政策决策提供信息并指导保护和环境管理至关重要（Allan et al. 2018）。越来越多的科学和保护社区正在创建新的负担得起的监测系统，完全根据他们的特定需求量身定制，主要是通过利用开源电子产品，如Arduino或Raspberry Pi平台（例如，Pearce 2012, Jolles 2021, m<s:1> hlbauer等人2023）。这些成功的故事发表在各种科学期刊上，但当问题或失败发生时，它们仍然没有被充分曝光，可能会给读者带来过高的期望（Lahoz-Monfort et al. 2019）。虽然反思性实践（见框1）在社会科学研究中根深蒂固，但很少在自然科学中采用，更不用说通过科学出版物传播了(但见试验与错误中心和杂志；https://trialanderror.org/).This我们在开发一个创新的物候监测系统时，遇到了一些复杂的问题，也获得了一些深刻的见解。通过这篇文章，我们希望超越技术炒作和相关的好消息叙事，思考生态研究和保护的可持续技术创新的未来。在这种情况下，可持续性意味着性能、稳定性和重用，这与为一个项目在一周、一个月或一年的时间内实现成功的度量是完全不同的。我们坚信，技术有潜力帮助我们更好地了解我们的星球所面临的挑战，我们希望这一证词能成为一种动力，让我们以现实的观点和合作的心态，承担雄心勃勃的创新项目。在我们的研究项目中，我们研究了全球环境变化如何影响森林林下植物物种的开花和营养物候。更具体地说，我们评估了全球变化中生态实验中的物候变化，其中小型植物群落暴露于变暖，光照和营养添加。为了研究开花物候，我们在2021年和2022年的开花季节每2天统计一次花数（Lorer et al. 2024）。由于温带森林林下既有早花物种，也有夏花物种，这意味着从2月开始，到10月结束。为了监测植物的叶片物候和年内高度动态，我们在2023年测量了一整年的植物高度和覆盖度。仅在一个地点进行这些实地观察总共就花费了900多人小时（即120个整天）。每天或每周到野外观察研究物种确实仍然是研究植物物候学的最传统的方法，但费时。这完美地说明了自动化监测设备对物候学和植物生长研究的重要性。不同的物候相机方法已经存在，例如Phenocam （https://phenocam.nau.edu/webcam/）和wingscape Plantcam (Laskin et al. 2019)，但这些方法无法定制，而且成本很高。因此，在科学文献中有前途的例子的鼓舞下，我们开始研究一种新的具有成本效益的自动监测设备。我们构思了一个物候传感器，配备多个环境传感器，同时监测植物生长和植物周围的小气候。该设备建立在MIRRA（实时远程应用微气候仪器）微气候监测系统（Pieters等人，2021）的基础上，我们定制了（硬件和软件）并扩展了立体成像组件。MIRRA是一个模块化节点的网络系统，每个节点支持多个传感器来测量几个小气候变量：土壤和空气温度、相对湿度和光强度（图1）。节点是定制的印刷电路板（pcb），定期将其小气候数据发送到网关，网关将数据上传到中央云服务器，用户可以通过门户网站访问这些数据。成像组件由两个ESP32-CAMs组成，这是一个低成本的微控制器，配有一个200万像素的图像传感器和一个microSD卡读卡器，用于本地存储图像（图1）。该设备被编程为以次每日的时间步骤拍摄照片，同时记录微气候数据。将两台摄像机悬挂在森林地面上方，可以使用近距离立体摄影测量技术来描述一年四季植物高度动态，即营养生长的物候学。虽然我们成功地设计出了一个操作设备，满足了我们的许多预期目标，但我们对最终产品并不完全满意。此外，我们在开发过程中遇到了许多不可预见的障碍，这使得它比预期的要耗时得多。这确实是生态和保护界的一个普遍问题，但经常被忽视（Hahn et al. 2022, Speaker et al. 2022）。作为没有受过培训或经验的生态学家，我们对技术和产品设计非常感兴趣，我们开始根据我们的植物生态知识确定需求，从而开始概念化我们的设备。由于缺乏深入的技术知识，我们最初并没有完全掌握这些需求的技术复杂性。真正理解你的设备的需求经常被忽视，但这是至关重要的，因为在第一个概念化步骤中做出的选择定义了接下来的设计过程的方向（见图2）。此外，在第一个步骤中，你必须问自己，你引入一个新设备是因为它的新颖性还是因为它能真正解决你的问题。人们很容易被创造尖端技术的想法所吸引，而忘记了如何使这些工具真正具有高性能、稳定性和用户友好性。下一步，我们在生态和气象监测设备的科学文献中浏览概念验证项目。我们发现了很多，但选择采用上述的MIRRA系统。我们还咨询了许多在线博客和制造商教程，以了解所涉及的硬件和软件。这些信息来源有助于设想设备的概念化，但我们仍然不了解必须遵循的产品设计过程。因此，我们没有正式地将我们的需求转化为监控设备的具体功能；相反，这在整个过程中逐渐展开。这种方法阻碍了我们验证每个功能的可行性和兼容性，因此我们不可避免地遇到了一些问题，这些问题本可以通过正式的功能列表评估和优化步骤来预测。接着，我们很快就陷入了“构建原型”和“测试”阶段之间。虽然我们在文献检索中发现许多项目开始部署仍处于原型阶段的设备，但数据质量对我们的应用程序非常重要，因此在我们的案例中这是不可能的。我们一直在现有设计的范围内修改我们的原型（例如，根据所选择的组件），而没有探索真正的替代方案来解决某些限制。然而，有时候一个像样的更新需要对问题进行彻底的重新设计或重新思考。有时候你需要放手才能继续前进。最后，应该在项目计划中构建一个足够长的测试阶段，这一点再怎么强调也不为过。综合测试是指在各种现场条件下进行长时间的测试，以确保设备的长期性能和稳定性。测试阶段的长度和所选择的测试策略取决于所开发工具的复杂性和所需的数据质量，但是扩展和部署永远不应该匆忙进行。虽然我们现在明白，我们肯定不是唯一在挣扎的人，但我们相信，如果与我们类似的故事也有出口，或者如果成功的故事包含完整的开发过程，包括失败的尝试，我们将从一开始就采取更明智的方法。生态和保护方面的大多数技术进步源于不协调、不一致的举措，往往导致工作重复，在许多情况下导致开发过程不完整(Joppa 2015；Lahoz-Monfort et al. 2019；Speaker et al. 2022)。显然，这“浪费了时间，金钱和资源在一个学科，不能负担得起这样做”（Joppa 2015）。那么，我们该往哪走呢？首先，并非所有的技术创新都需要复杂的解决方案。有很多由生态学家或自然资源保护主义者设计的功能良好的简单监测设备的例子。另一方面，生产像我们这样的先进的专用技术，需要一套超出一个人能力的技能，因此形成跨

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Review of COS 173-Education Research and Assessment: Pathways for Engaging Students in Socioecological Systems 《教育研究与评估：学生参与社会生态系统的途径》综述

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2207

Amanda E. Sorensen, Rebecca C. Jordan, Maria Ceron, Steven A. Gray

The Ecological Society of America (ESA) supports professionals and students in the field of ecology, which is loosely defined as the study of organisms (including humans) and their interactions with the environment (i.e., natural, altered, and built). Each year the ESA hosts an annual meeting that attracts individuals from the US and around the world to share their work and according to the society's website (www.esa.org), ~4,000 individuals attend the meeting, which results in study abstracts being accessed for a year following the conference. In 2024, the 109th annual meeting was held in Long Beach, California, USA from August 3 to 9, and sessions were loosely organized around the theme of “Supporting Ecologists Throughout their Careers.” This meeting review summarizes the thematic takeaways of Contributed Oral Session 173, Education Research and Assessment 2, held during the 2024 ESA Annual Meeting on August 8th, related to the conference theme.Emergent from this session was a thematic focus on supporting students in learning within a discipline that inherently engages with wicked and complex socioecological problems. As E. P. Odum posited in 1977, ecology is inherently an “integrative discipline that links physical and biological processes and forms and bridge between the natural and social sciences.” Presentations from this session addressed this integration both from a learning perspective, in supporting students in the practices of scaffolded reasoning across disciplinary boundaries to address SES problems, and applying theory and practice from the social sciences in support of ecological education.Below, we will summarize the four presentations given in this session. Because several, but not all, authors have worked together, these presentations were placed in this single session. Below, we summarize the speaker's presentations and connection to the theme.Rebecca Jordan (Michigan State University) shared a presentation on meeting students' educational goals around climate change education. In this session, Jordan focused on gaps in students' knowledge about climate change using the context of food systems (see Jordan et al. 2023a). While students were able to define the problem and some of the drivers, they struggled to discuss solutions. Indeed, students themselves acknowledged this gap and indicated that more climate change education, especially in the social sciences, is warranted and needed in ecological curriculum. Jordan proceeded to share a socioecological systems (SES) perspective where social, natural, and altered drivers work in concert to drive global change and ended the session with a call for more research on college students' understanding of SESs to tailor postsecondary climate change education to both ecology students and in general STEM education.Maria Ceron (University of South Florida) shared information on the societal programs to support diverse communit

美国生态学会（ESA）支持生态学领域的专业人员和学生，生态学被粗略地定义为研究生物（包括人类）及其与环境（即自然的、改变的和建造的）的相互作用。欧空局每年都会举办一次年会，吸引来自美国和世界各地的个人分享他们的工作。根据欧空局的网站（www.esa.org），约有4000人参加了这次会议，会议结束后一年的研究摘要都可以访问。2024年，第109届年会于8月3日至9日在美国加利福尼亚州长滩举行，会议围绕“支持生态学家的整个职业生涯”这一主题进行了松散的组织。本次会议综述总结了8月8日欧空局2024年年会期间与会议主题相关的口头会议173，教育研究与评估2的主题要点。这次会议的主题是支持学生在一门学科中学习，这门学科本质上涉及邪恶和复杂的社会生态问题。正如e.p. Odum在1977年提出的，生态学本质上是一门“综合学科，它将物理和生物的过程和形式联系起来，是自然科学和社会科学之间的桥梁。”本次会议的演讲从学习的角度讨论了这种整合，支持学生在跨学科界限的框架推理实践中解决SES问题，并应用社会科学的理论和实践来支持生态教育。下面，我们将总结本次会议的四场演讲。因为有几个，但不是所有的作者都在一起工作，所以这些演讲被放在了这个单独的会议上。下面，我们总结一下演讲者的演讲以及与主题的联系。丽贝卡·乔丹（密歇根州立大学）分享了关于实现学生在气候变化教育方面的教育目标的演讲。在本次会议上，Jordan将重点放在了学生在粮食系统背景下对气候变化知识的差距上（见Jordan et al. 2023a）。虽然学生们能够定义问题和一些驱动因素，但他们很难讨论解决方案。事实上，学生们自己也承认了这一差距，并表示在生态课程中需要更多的气候变化教育，特别是社会科学方面的教育。Jordan接着分享了社会生态系统（SES）的观点，即社会、自然和改变的驱动因素共同推动全球变化，并在会议结束时呼吁对大学生对社会生态系统的理解进行更多研究，以便为生态学学生和普通STEM教育量身定制高等教育后的气候变化教育。Maria Ceron（南佛罗里达大学）分享了有关社会项目的信息，以支持STEM领域的不同社区，特别是在生态领域。她重点介绍了校友对生态教育、多样性和可持续性战略（SEEDS）计划的看法。这个重要的项目在过去的28年里一直是欧空局的一部分，并支持了对生态事业感兴趣的各种本科生和研究生。为了评估SEEDS的成果和影响，Ceron及其同事对近1000名SEEDS校友进行了一项在线调查。他们的回答表明他们在教育方面取得了很高的成就，大多数seed校友都在学术界和美国政府机构工作。60%的参与者报告说，seed在塑造他们的职业决策方面非常或极其重要。Ceron总结说，SEEDS为扩大来自不同背景的学生对生态学的参与做出了重大贡献。Amanda Sorensen（密歇根州立大学）分享了一项研究（Jordan et al. 2023b），重点是帮助学生在政治化的社会生态系统中参与不同的观点。索伦森首先提出，在STEM领域的热门问题上，人们在不同方面的分歧往往源于“心理模型”的差异，而“心理模型”源于情感、逻辑和其他方面（Stietz et al. 2019）。为了培养生态学的社会科学思维技能，学生需要在现实世界问题的背景下学习材料，这必然涉及系统和跨尺度的思维（Jacobson和Wilensky， 2006）。Sorensen及其作者认为，基于模型的社会生态学学习可以为在有争议的社会生物学问题中整合思想和观点提供上述教学支持（Star and Griesemer 1989）。Sorensen讨论了她和她的同事们是如何测试这个假设的，即这种教学方法将培养某些方面的换位思考，这些换位思考可以用于系统思考，因为学生不仅可以表达自己对一个问题的理解，还可以表达他人的观点。 Sorensen和团队发现，从学生的角度分析模型没有显著差异，但他们确实发现模型结构随着时间的推移而变化；主要表示组件的减少和与时间的关系。Jordan代表Steven Gray分享了一项研究，其中概念地图被用作学习社会生态系统的教育工具。在这次会议上，Jordan详细介绍了MentalModeler(即一个在线免费软件，帮助学生和他们的教师表示系统，特别是SES驱动因素和结果，并创建多个场景，使决策能够改变哪些驱动变量以获得预期的结果；Gray et al. 2013)。对大专学生的研究支持这样一种观点，即使用一个专门专注于SES变量建模的工具，可以导致学生对权衡和系统杠杆点的看法发生可测量的变化，但这种变化是适度的，可能需要相当多的脚手架，让学生专注于场景构建（sa Gray， R.C. Jordan， A.E. Sorensen等人，未发表的手稿）。此外，格雷的数据表明，学生如何在写作中考虑系统变量，与学生如何选择在他们的模型中表示变量，以在写作中直观地表示他们的想法无关。显然，关于学生如何直观地表达SES思想的更多数据是有必要的，特别是考虑到复杂系统理解所需要的高认知负荷。总而言之，本次会议的演讲提出了一个问题，我们如何在复杂的社会生态系统中培训和支持未来的生态学家？尽管每次演讲的主题都有所不同（即，关注气候变化、正义、视角或建模），但有一种复杂的社会生态系统的潜流正在被代表。显然，随着学生向专业人士过渡，一些人成为专业生态学家，鉴于对“绿色工作”的日益关注（例如，杜克2023），这些未来职业的可能重点将需要SES理解。当作者和听众讨论所呈现的主要发现时，人们注意到，虽然生态学家和那些研究生态学的人经常在课堂上展示生态学家拥有大量数据的复杂生态系统，但这些系统在社会生态学上整合的频率有多高？事实上，学生在社会生态系统中整合知识进行复杂推理的能力是esa认可的四维生态教育框架的核心原则（Prevost et al. 2019）。然而，对科学文献的初步浏览发现，学习科学家正在调查主要针对K-12学生的SES理解和教学。与支持和探索与高等院校学生一起教授复杂的社会经济状况问题的研究相比，分享的研究要少得多。我们强调了这一差距，并强调需要更多的研究和实践来关注脚手架教学和学习支持，无论是在课堂内还是在课堂外，以支持学生在生态学和生活中取得成功，因为社会生态系统固有的复杂性；认识到理解这样的系统极大地有助于发现和测试复杂的SES问题和解决方案。除了在课堂上进行培训以支持未来生态学家参与SES的能力之外，生态学经常发生在课堂之外。沃尔特·p·泰勒在他1936年的论文《什么是生态？生态有什么好处？》生态学家在解决环境问题上的独特观点是：“他的工作资格不是与他的经验的丰富性、他的信息的全面性和他的观点的广泛性直接相关吗？”（泰勒1936）。虽然泰勒使用男性代词来指代生态学家，而且这种描述当然不能代表当今ESA成员或生态学家的唯一身份，但这种观点强调了观点多样性的重要性。虽然泰勒暗示个人观点的广度是至关重要的，但我们认为，视角的广度不仅发生在个人层面（尽管也很重要），也发生在群体层面。现代学者一直注意到多样性对群体解决问题的创造力的重要性（Friedman et al. 2016），以协同解决全球社会环境问题（Baggio et al. 2022）。当考虑在高等教育环境中培养生态学

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引用次数: 0

Traditional Paddy Cultivation and Recent Agroforestry Plantations Differentially Impact Rock Outcrop Amphibians 传统水田种植与现代农林复合种植对岩石露头两栖动物的影响不同

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2208

Vijayan Jithin, Manali Rane, Aparna Watve, Rohit Naniwadekar

These photographs illustrate the article “Orchards and paddy differentially impact rock outcrop amphibians: Insights from community- and species-level responses” by Vijayan Jithin, Manali Rane, Aparna Watve, and Rohit Naniwadekar published in Ecological Applications. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.3058

这些照片说明了Vijayan Jithin， Manali Rane， Aparna Watve和Rohit Naniwadekar发表在《生态应用》上的文章“果园和水稻对岩石露头两栖动物的不同影响：来自群落和物种水平反应的见解”。https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.3058

引用次数: 0

Urban Scavengers: Human Activities Underpin Sandy Beach Scavenging Dynamics 城市拾荒者：人类活动支撑沙滩拾荒动态

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2210

Francis D. Gerraty, Ann Gobei-Bacaylan, Kaia Diel

These photographs illustrate the article, “Urbanization alters sandy beach scavenging assemblages and dogs suppress ecosystem function” by Francis D. Gerraty, Ann Gobei-Bacaylan, and Kaia Diel published in Ecosphere. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70016

这些照片说明了Francis D. Gerraty， Ann Gobei-Bacaylan和Kaia Diel发表在《生态圈》上的文章“城市化改变了沙滩拾捡组合，狗抑制了生态系统功能”。https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.70016

引用次数: 0

Plants and Bee Visitors in the Eastern Afromontane Biodiversity Hotspot of Kenya, East Africa 东非肯尼亚东非山区生物多样性热点地区的植物和蜜蜂访客

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America

Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2211

Fairo F. Dzekashu, Marcell K. Peters, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Jayne M. Macharia, Kennedy W. Matheka, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W. W. Pirk, H. Michael G. Lattorff

These photographs illustrate the article “Floral Turnover and Climate Drive Seasonal Bee Diversity Along a Tropical Elevation Gradient” by Dzekashu, Fairo F., Abdullahi A. Yusuf, Christian W. W. Pirk, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, H. Michael G. Lattorff, and Marcell K. Peters. published in Ecosphere. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3964

这些照片说明了由Dzekashu， Fairo F., Abdullahi a . Yusuf, Christian W. W. Pirk, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter， H. Michael G. Lattorff和Marcell K. Peters撰写的文章“植物更替和气候驱动季节性蜜蜂多样性沿着热带海拔梯度”。发表在《生态圈》上。https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.3964

引用次数: 0

Pollination by Ants, Camel Crickets, and Cockroaches in a Non-Photosynthetic Plant 蚂蚁、骆驼蟋蟀和蟑螂在非光合植物中的授粉

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2205

Kenji Suetsugu, Hiromu Hashiwaki

These photographs illustrate the article “Ants, camel crickets, and cockroaches as pollinators: The unsung heroes of a non-photosynthetic plant” by Suetsugu and Hashiwaki, published in Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4464

这些照片说明了Suetsugu和Hashiwaki发表在《生态学》上的文章《蚂蚁、骆驼蟋蟀和蟑螂作为传粉者：非光合植物的无名英雄》。https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4464

引用次数: 0

Investigating the Functional and Architectural Diversity of Leaf Venation Networks 研究叶脉网络的功能和结构多样性

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America

Pub Date : 2024-12-02 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2206

Ilaine Silveira Matos, Mickey Boakye, Monica Antonio, Sonoma Carlos, Ashley Chu, Miguel A. Duarte, Andrea Echevarria, Adrian Fontao, Lisa Garcia, LeeAnn Huang, Breanna Carrillo Johnson, Shama Joshi, Diana Kalantar, Srinivasan Madhavan, Samantha McDonough, Izzi Niewiadomski, Nathan Nguyen, Hailey Jiyoon Park, Caroline Pechuzal, James Rohde, Roshni Sahu, Meg Scudder, Satvik Sharma, LeeDar Sneor, Jason To, Bradley Vu, Natalie Vuong, Nicole Yokota, Luiza Aparecido, Holly Forbes, Mark Fricker, Benjamin Wong Blonder

These photographs illustrate the article “Leaf architecture and functional traits for 122 species at the University of California at Berkeley Botanical Garden” by Ilaine Silveira Matos et al., published in Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4436

这些照片说明了Ilaine Silveira Matos等人发表在《生态学》上的文章“加州大学伯克利植物园122种植物的叶片结构和功能特征”。https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4436

引用次数: 0

ESA Summer 2024 Council Meeting, 1:30–4 PM PDT Hyatt Regency, Long Beach, CA Shoreline A 欧空局2024年夏季理事会会议，太平洋时间下午1:30-4点，加利福尼亚州长滩市凯悦酒店

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America

Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2196

3.4 Transition Rules

(a) Vice Presidents

(b) Members-at-Large

(c) Special Terms

Section 1. Elections. All members of the Governing Board shall be elected by the voting members of the Society.

Section 2. Election Procedures. The Governing Board shall establish Election Procedures.

Section 3. Nominations Committee. The Nominations Committee shall be responsible for identifying candidates. The Nominations Committee shall serve for 1 year and consist of the Past President as Chair, the President-Elect, Board Members, and two additional members of the Society by the President

Section 4. Nominations. The Nominations Committee shall submit to the Secretary to be filled. Names of the candidates shall be announced on the Society's website no later than 30 days before the first day of the Annual Meeting. Additional nominations may be made no later than the last day of the Annual Meeting in accordance with the Election Procedures by a petition signed by 1% of members eligible to hold office in the Society.

Section 5. Teller's Committee

What do you see as most important now for ESA to work toward in DEIJ-focused issues and activities?

What is ESA doing that you find most valuable in developing a culture of inclusion and proactive addressing of DEIJ concerns

What do you see as most important for now to ESA to work toward in DEIJ-focused issues and activities

SEEDS program!

Accessible for students and feel welcome

Branching out beyond the “regular” network (e.g., partnering with other societies and conferences).

Supporting more students

Recruitment, access to meetings—partner with other conferences/societies

ESA programming that is alignment with early career scholars

Push critical dialogue—human–Earth relationship

Empowering the community to support

Code of Conduct

Watch out for DEIJ for being hyperfocus—be more thoughtful

What is ESA doing that you find most valuable in developing a culture of inclusion and proactive addres

3.4过渡规则(a)副总裁(b)一般会员(c)特别条款选举。理事会的所有成员均由协会有表决权的会员选举产生。第二节。选举程序。理事会应制定选举程序。第三节。提名委员会。提名委员会应负责甄别候选人。提名委员会任期1年，由担任主席的前任会长、当选总统、董事会成员和由会长委任的另外两名协会成员组成。提名。提名委员会应提交秘书填写。候选人名单应不迟于年会第一天前30天在学会网站上公布。根据选举程序，额外提名可在不迟于年会最后一天由1%有资格担任协会职务的会员签署请愿书提出。第五节。你认为现在欧空局在deij问题和活动中最重要的是什么？您认为欧空局在发展包容文化和积极解决DEIJ问题方面最有价值的是什么？您认为目前欧空局在DEIJ关注的问题和活动中最重要的是什么？对学生开放并受欢迎拓展“常规”网络（例如，与其他社团和会议合作）。支持更多的学生招聘，参加会议-与其他会议/协会合作ESA与早期职业学者保持一致的计划推动关键对话-人类-地球关系授权社区支持行为准则注意DEIJ的过度关注-更深思熟虑在发展包容文化和积极解决DEIJ问题方面，ESA做了什么，你认为最有价值的？保持面对面的会议，但我们如何做得更周到？区域会议?在白人占多数的城市举行会议。我们怎么能在他们所在的地方见到他们？你希望欧空局在DEIJ方面关注更多的问题是什么？是否有数据可以提供人们何时“退出”欧空局州际公路的洞察？是否有来自章节/章节的数据可以深入了解会员的人口统计数据？多元化、公平、包容、公正的建立机构，让人们可以参与支持；旁观者培训;不要给少数人过重的负担。演讲者格雷夫斯感谢所有与会者的丰富讨论，并承诺通过电子邮件跟进行动项目。蒂姆·纳特尔提议休会，雷切尔·鲍斯附议。会议于下午四时休会（立法会候任议长diogo B Provete呈文）

{"title":"ESA Summer 2024 Council Meeting, 1:30–4 PM PDT Hyatt Regency, Long Beach, CA Shoreline A","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/bes2.2196","DOIUrl":"10.1002/bes2.2196","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 3.4 Transition Rules\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 (a) Vice Presidents\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 (b) Members-at-Large\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 (c) Special Terms\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Section 1. Elections. All members of the Governing Board shall be elected by the voting members of the Society.Section 2. Election Procedures. The Governing Board shall establish Election Procedures.Section 3. Nominations Committee. The Nominations Committee shall be responsible for identifying candidates. The Nominations Committee shall serve for 1 year and consist of the Past President as Chair, the President-Elect, Board Members, and two additional members of the Society by the PresidentSection 4. Nominations. The Nominations Committee shall submit to the Secretary to be filled. Names of the candidates shall be announced on the Society's website no later than 30 days before the first day of the Annual Meeting. Additional nominations may be made no later than the last day of the Annual Meeting in accordance with the Election Procedures by a petition signed by 1% of members eligible to hold office in the Society.\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 Section 5. Teller's Committee\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 What do you see as most important now for ESA to work toward in DEIJ-focused issues and activities?\u0000 \u0000 What is ESA doing that you find most valuable in developing a culture of inclusion and proactive addressing of DEIJ concerns\u0000 \u0000 What do you see as most important for now to ESA to work toward in DEIJ-focused issues and activities\u0000 SEEDS program!Accessible for students and feel welcomeBranching out beyond the “regular” network (e.g., partnering with other societies and conferences).Supporting more studentsRecruitment, access to meetings—partner with other conferences/societiesESA programming that is alignment with early career scholarsPush critical dialogue—human–Earth relationshipEmpowering the community to supportCode of ConductWatch out for DEIJ for being hyperfocus—be more thoughtful\u0000 What is ESA doing that you find most valuable in developing a culture of inclusion and proactive addres","PeriodicalId":93418,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bes2.2196","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0

Resolution of Respect: George M. Woodwell (1928–2024) 尊重的决议：乔治·m·伍德威尔（1928-2024）

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
Pub Date : 2024-11-28 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2204

Richard A. Houghton, Eric A. Davidson, Jerry M. Melillo, William H. Schlesinger, Gaius R. Shaver

In view of George M. Woodwell's many contributions to the Ecological Society of America, to the advancement of ecological science in general, and especially to the application of ecological insights to public affairs, we offer this Resolution of Respect (Photo 1).George Masters Woodwell was born October 23, 1928, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and died June 18, 2024, in Woods Hole, Massachusetts. He graduated from the Boston Public Latin School and from Dartmouth College (AB 1950). He spent 3 years in the US Navy (1950–1953) before attending graduate school at Duke University, where he received an AM in 1956 and a Ph.D. in 1958, both in botany, working with Henry J. Oosting.After leaving Duke, Dr. Woodwell taught for 3 years in the Department of Botany at the University of Maine before joining the staff of Brookhaven National Laboratory in the spring of 1961. In 1975, he moved to the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole to become the Director of The Ecosystems Center. In 1985, he founded and was director of the Woods Hole Research Center (now the Woodwell Climate Research Center). He also held an adjunct appointment at Yale University.Dr. Woodwell's research focused on the structure and function of natural ecosystems and their role as building blocks of the biosphere. He is perhaps best known for his work with DDT, ionizing radiation, and climate, but his focus was ecosystem science. He demonstrated the persistence of DDT in soil and its amplification through food chains. He studied the effects of ionizing radiation on an oak–pine forest, but the work pertained to chronic disturbances of all kinds, the effects of which he labeled “biotic impoverishment.” His work on forests with R. H. Whittaker also led to the development of the production equations (gross and net primary production, autotrophic and ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem production), which categorized the functioning of ecosystems in terms of energy and carbon budgets. Dr. Woodwell's later work distinguished between direct and indirect anthropogenic effects (e.g., land-use change and climatic feedbacks, respectively) on the global carbon budget.Dr. Woodwell was a member of the National Academy of Science and a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He received the Heinz Environmental Prize in 1996, the John H. Chafee Excellence in Environmental Affairs Award in 2000, and the Volvo Environment Prize in 2001. He received an honorary doctorate from Duke in 1994.Having worked at research centers, Dr. Woodwell did not have students, as such, but he did mentor a number of postdoctoral investigators and early-career scientists, including Henry Art, Daniel Botkin, Eric Davidson, Charles Hall, Richard Houghton, Robert Howarth, Jerry Melillo, Peter H. Rich, and David Whitney.Dr. Woodwell was among the first scientists to recognize the threats to people and the planet of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. In 19

鉴于乔治·m·伍德威尔对美国生态学会的诸多贡献，对生态科学进步的贡献，特别是对生态学见解在公共事务中的应用的贡献，我们特此颁发此决议（图1）。乔治·马斯特斯·伍德威尔1928年10月23日出生于美国马萨诸塞州的剑桥，2024年6月18日在马萨诸塞州的伍兹霍尔去世。他毕业于波士顿公立拉丁学校和达特茅斯学院（AB 1950）。他在美国海军呆了3年（1950-1953），然后进入杜克大学读研究生，1956年获得硕士学位，1958年获得植物学博士学位，师从亨利·j·乌斯汀。离开杜克大学后，Woodwell博士在缅因州大学植物系教了三年书，1961年春天加入布鲁克海文国家实验室。1975年，他搬到伍兹霍尔的海洋生物实验室，成为生态系统中心主任。1985年，他创立了伍兹霍尔研究中心（现为伍德韦尔气候研究中心）并担任主任。他还在耶鲁大学担任兼职。伍德威尔的研究重点是自然生态系统的结构和功能，以及它们作为生物圈组成部分的作用。他最著名的工作可能是DDT、电离辐射和气候，但他的重点是生态系统科学。他证明了滴滴涕在土壤中的持久性及其在食物链中的放大作用。他研究了电离辐射对橡树松林的影响，但这项工作涉及各种慢性干扰，他称之为“生物贫困”。他与r·h·惠特克（R. H. Whittaker）在森林方面的工作也导致了生产方程式（总初级生产量和净初级生产量、自养和生态系统呼吸以及净生态系统生产量）的发展，该方程式根据能量和碳预算对生态系统的功能进行了分类。伍德威尔博士后来的研究区分了对全球碳收支的直接和间接人为影响（例如，分别是土地利用变化和气候反馈）。伍德威尔是美国国家科学院院士和美国艺术与科学院院士。他于1996年获得亨氏环境奖，2000年获得约翰·h·查菲环境事务卓越奖，2001年获得沃尔沃环境奖。1994年，他获得杜克大学荣誉博士学位。Woodwell博士在研究中心工作过，没有学生，但他确实指导了一些博士后研究人员和早期职业科学家，包括Henry Art， Daniel Botkin, Eric Davidson, Charles Hall, Richard Houghton, Robert Howarth, Jerry Melillo, Peter H. Rich和David whitney。伍德威尔是最早认识到大气中二氧化碳含量增加对人类和地球构成威胁的科学家之一。1972年，他在布鲁克海文国家实验室召开了一个名为“碳与生物圈”的会议，气候学家、海洋学家和生物学家参加了会议。这是第一次将大气中二氧化碳上升的驱动因素和潜在后果联系起来的国际多学科会议。伍德威尔博士通过认识到“……人类对世界碳预算造成的变化是世界历史上生物圈所经历的最突然、最根本的变化之一”来总结了这种紧迫性。在20世纪70年代末和80年代，伍德威尔博士继续与杰出的气候科学家合作，通过美国国家科学院和环境质量委员会的报告以及国会证词（https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html）.Dr)，引起人们对人为引起的气候变化这一新兴问题的关注。伍德威尔还强烈主张通过国际文书来解决气候破坏问题。上世纪80年代末和90年代，在《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UN Framework Convention on Climate Change）成立之前，他帮助组织并主持了在发展中国家举行的会议，让这些国家的科学家和领导人做好应对气候变化的准备。会议在曼谷、内罗毕、新德里和圣保罗举行。1977年至1978年期间，伍德威尔博士担任美国生态学会会长。1977年9月的《美国生态学会公报》刊登了欧空局新当选主席乔治·伍德威尔博士的生平简介。除了表彰他对科学的贡献外，它还表彰了他将科学引入政府和私营部门决策过程的努力。生物小品的最后一段是这样开头的：“因此，伍德韦尔的职业生涯与我们这个领域的任何人一样，有效地结合了研究成就和对环境事务的贡献。”在他杰出的职业生涯中。伍德威尔不知疲倦地、熟练地帮助建立了一些美国和世界上最有效的环境倡导组织。他是自然资源保护委员会的创始受托人和董事会副主席，环境保护基金董事会的创始人和名誉成员，世界资源研究所的创始受托人，董事会成员（1970-1984）和董事会主席（1980-1984），后来是世界野生动物基金会全国委员会的成员。他是1982年核战争的长期全球生物后果会议的主席和露丝莫特基金的主席。他曾担任海洋保护协会、海洋教育协会和大峡谷国家公园基金会的董事会成员。他曾任职于杜克大学尼古拉斯环境学院的顾问委员会、伍兹霍尔研究中心、亚马逊环境研究所(Instituto de Pesquisa Ambiental da Amazônia；IPAM)和世界媒体基金会。伍德威尔博士如此有效的原因之一不仅在于他的科学质量，还在于他的沟通能力。他是一位口才出众的演说家和作家。他也无所畏惧，负责任（个人，行政，科学），担心生物圈的未来，总是思考，倡导和挑战。作为伍兹霍尔研究中心（Woods Hole Research Center）的主任，他监督了一座碳中和（即无化石燃料）建筑的设计和建造，这是一个漂亮的示范，展示了21世纪初可用的技术可以做什么，包括热泵、太阳能收集器、风力涡轮机和可持续收获的木材产品（2009年）。伍德威尔从未放慢脚步。我们中的一个人最后一次见到乔治，大约在他去世前一个月，他正在考虑如何利用他在缅因州140英亩的家庭农场。他能对农场做些什么，而这些在农业学院还没有被很好地理解和教授呢？尽管乔治对人类正在使地球退化深感担忧，但他从未明确表示需要控制人口。然而，他确实经常强调“一个完整的世界”给人类带来的挑战：“我们能让我们肿胀的全球人类脚重新适应地球生物圈这只有限的鞋子吗？”正如另一位著名的生态学家查尔斯·达尔文曾经说过的：“敢于浪费一小时时间的人还没有发现生命的价值。”在这种情况下，乔治知道了生命的价值。他从不浪费时间，尽管他喜欢听别人讲述他们的生活，也喜欢告诉别人他的孩子和孙子们在做什么。他对每个人和每件事都感兴趣。乔治留下了他的妻子凯瑟琳，他们都是杜克大学的学生时认识的，还有四个孩子和四个孙子。半个多世纪以来，伍德威尔博士一直倡导促进可持续未来的思想和行动。他的最后一本书概括了他对地球当前生态状态的评估和他对更理想未来的愿景：一个宜居的世界：生态学家对一个被掠夺的星球的愿景（麻省理工学院出版社，2016）。乔治援引罗马法的最基本原则（在不损害他人财产的情况下使用自己的财产），雄辩地重申了他一生中为公共利益制定的政策。具体来说，他呼吁政府、企业、组织和个人为他们对他人的福祉造成严重伤害的行为负责，这些行为会导致生物贫瘠和气候破坏等问题。对我们许多人来说，乔治是一座经久不衰的希望灯塔。伍德威尔1962年。电离辐射对陆地生态系统的影响。科学138:572-577。https://www.jstor.org/stable/1710359Woodwell，通用汽车1963。辐射对生态的影响。科学美国人208:40-49。https://www.jstor.org/stable/24936182Woodwell,

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引用次数: 0

Species Contributions to Pollinator-Mediated Reproductive Interactions in Alpine Meadow 物种对高寒草甸传粉媒介生殖相互作用的贡献

Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
Pub Date : 2024-11-27 DOI: 10.1002/bes2.2198

Cheng Bi, Ting Yang, Øystein H. Opedal, Erliang Gao, Shuyuan Wang, Zhigang Zhao

These photographs illustrate the article “Experimental species removal reveals species contributions to positive pollinator-mediated reproductive interactions” by Cheng Bi, Øystein H. Opedal, Ting Yang, Erliang Gao, and Zhigang Zhao published in Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4455

这些照片说明了由毕成、Øystein H. Opedal、杨婷、高二良和赵志刚发表在《生态学》杂志上的文章“实验物种移除揭示物种对传粉媒介积极生殖相互作用的贡献”。https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.4455

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引用次数: 0

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Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America

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