Forces in mechanics最新文献

{"title":"Insight of thermal transport in Maxwell fluid flow on a porous contracting flat surface inside a porous material with non-uniform heat source/sink: Multiple solutions and stability treatment","authors":"Amit Kumar Pandey ,&nbsp;Prakash Goswami ,&nbsp;Sohita Rajput ,&nbsp;Krishnendu Bhattacharyya ,&nbsp;Ali J. Chamkha ,&nbsp;Dhananjay Yadav","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The thermal behaviour of viscoelastic fluids, particularly those described by the Maxwell model capable of capturing stress-relaxation effects, exhibits several intriguing and practically relevant characteristics. Likewise, flow induced by a contracting surface presents distinctive and non-classical boundary layer features. Motivated by these aspects, the present theoretical study investigates heat transfer in Maxwell fluid flow over a porous contracting flat surface embedded in a porous medium, incorporating a temperature-dependent and spatially-dependent non-uniform heat source/sink. The governing partial differential equations are reduced to self-similar ordinary differential equations using appropriate similarity transformations, and the resulting nonlinear system is solved with high accuracy using the shooting method along with fourth-order Runge–Kutta (RK-4) technique and Secant method. For sufficiently strong suction, dual solutions of the transformed equations are obtained, and a stability assessment confirms that the upper branch solutions are stable, while the lower branch solutions are unstable. The comprehensive analysis uncovers several notable physical insights. The analysis shows that viscoelasticity of Maxwell fluids plays a key stabilizing role: increasing the Deborah number weakens vorticity production, lowers the suction required to maintain an attached boundary layer, and broadens the parameter range in which similarity solutions exist. Permeability of the porous medium also strongly influences boundary layer behaviour; higher resistance suppresses vorticity generated by sheet contraction, enhancing skin friction and heat transfer in the upper branch but diminishing both in the lower branch. Both temperature- and space-dependent heat sources reduce heat transfer rates, while their sink counterparts enhance cooling, though spatial heat generation/absorption produces a far more pronounced thermal response. Suction strengthens and compresses the boundary layer in the stable upper branch but weakens the flow in the unstable lower branch. Overall, the study clarifies how elasticity, permeability, heat generation mechanisms, and mass transfer collectively shape the dual solution structure of Maxwell fluid boundary layers, offering detailed insights relevant to thermal control in viscoelastic–porous systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of hybrid sisal fiber and sheep wool reinforced epoxy composite material","authors":"Zewditu Aschalew Tarekgne ,&nbsp;Teshome Mulatie Bogale ,&nbsp;Velmurugan Paramasivam","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hybrid two or more fiber-reinforced composites are generally prepared to enhance different properties as compared to single-fiber reinforced composites. Sheep wool and sisal fibers are natural fibers that can be obtained from animal and plant sources respectively. After extracted and treated the fibers, the woven yarn fiber mat was prepared. The woven hybrid composite was fabricated with a 20% weight fraction of fiber by using hand layup fabrication techniques. Composites samples were prepared under five different weight percentage ratios of sheep wool to sisal fiber 0:20, 5:15, 10:10, 15:5, and 20:0. And each weight percentage of a sample was fabricated with two different angles (0°-90° and ±45°) of orientations. From the experimental test results, it was observed that the tensile, compressive, flexural strengths increase directly with increase sisal fiber weight percentage of composite samples in both 0-90° and ±45°angle of orientations. However, between the two angles of orientation, the tensile and flexural strengths of the hybrid sheep wool and sisal fiber epoxy composite samples were highest in 0-90°angle orientations composite samples. On other hand, the compressive and impact strengths were highest in ±45°angle orientation of the composite samples. Overall, the composite sample with a 15:5 sisal fiber-sheep wool ratio (SA4 and SB4) demonstrated the best mechanical performance. The maximum tensile and flexural strengths of 95.73 MPa and 358.80 MPa, respectively, were obtained for the 0°–90° oriented composite, whereas the highest compressive strength of 95.73 MPa and impact strength is 746.77 kJ/m² were observed in the ±45° oriented composite. The experimental test result shows that the hybrid sheep wool and sisal fiber epoxy composite are alternative materials for the interior part of automotive applications like interior roof and door panels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100353"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Submodeling of roller–raceway contacts of large wind turbine slewing bearings with significant structural deformation","authors":"Oliver Menck,&nbsp;Matthis Graßmann","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Roller bearings are commonly designed by using non-Hertzian submodels to simulate the roller–raceway contacts. The paper aims to analyze how to accurately model the roller–raceway contacts of a large wind turbine slewing bearing with significant structural deformation. To this end, a global FE model of a rotor blade bearing inside a test rig is used. This global FE model uses simplified roller–raceway contact models, the results of which are then inserted into a more accurate analytical submodel based on Reusner. Various methods can be used to perform the global FE calculation and then to insert the result into the submodel. The paper analyzes which method is required in the global FE model and compares two submodels against each other. One of the submodels, which uses displacement as input, is from the literature, and the paper derives from it another one which uses load as input. The model using load as input is identified to be more suitable for the analyzed applications. Roller–raceway contacts in the global FE model do not appear to require much detail for accurate submodel simulations. The results of the paper can support engineers perform detailed rolling contact fatigue life calculations of roller bearings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100351"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of plate skew angle and crack parameters on buckling of cracked CNT-reinforced composite skew plates","authors":"Mohammad Hossein Taheri ,&nbsp;Parham Memarzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study is the first to investigate the effect of plate skew angle and crack parameters on the buckling of cracked CNT-reinforced composite skew plates. A MATLAB code, developed within the extended finite element method (XFEM), analyzes the buckling stability of various cracked CNT-reinforced composite skew plate models under different in-plane loading and boundary conditions. The analysis considers varying plate skew angles, crack lengths, and crack locations. The effect of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) volume fraction and dispersion, modeled using the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka homogenization scheme, on critical buckling is also examined. Results indicate that the buckling capacity of cracked CNT-reinforced composite skew plates is significantly affected by not only the skew angle and boundary conditions of the plate but also by the length and location of the crack. Moreover, the agglomeration of CNTs reduces the effective stiffness and buckling capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100349"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic load localization and time history identification using blind source separation and structural modal shape matching","authors":"Kun Li ,&nbsp;Zhuo Fu ,&nbsp;Xianfeng Man ,&nbsp;Shuai Wang ,&nbsp;Yixiang Chen ,&nbsp;Nuo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2026.100350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate knowledge of dynamic load locations and time histories is a critical input for structural design but is often infeasible to measure directly. While numerous load identification methods exist, they predominantly address the localization and time-history reconstruction separately, relying on the prior assumption that one of the two is known. This paper introduces a novel and efficient integrated approach that combines Blind Source Separation (BSS) with Structural Modal Shape Matching (SMSM) to concurrently identify both the spatial location and temporal profile of dynamic loads. The proposed methodology is founded on the principle that modal loads and physical loads are mutually convertible. Initially, truncated modal loads are stably reconstructed in the modal space using a shape function method with Tikhonov regularization. These recovered modal loads are then interpreted as blind mixtures of the unknown physical load source signals, with the structural modal shape coefficients acting as the mixing matrix. BSS is subsequently employed to separate the equivalent load time histories and estimate the mixing matrix. Since the mixing coefficient vector is linearly related to the structural mode shape vector at the load application point, SMSM is implemented by quantifying the intersection angles between the estimated mixing vectors and candidate modal shape vectors to pinpoint the most probable load locations. Finally, the actual load time histories are accurately retrieved using the reconstructed modal loads and the identified modal shape matrix. The efficacy of the proposed method is rigorously demonstrated through two numerical examples involving a complex ropeway tower and a rectangular plate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145926998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progressive study of water pressure-induced damage in hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin composite materials based on the theory of elastic strain energy","authors":"Jingze Wang ,&nbsp;Wenyan Tang ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Sun ,&nbsp;Weicheng Cui ,&nbsp;Jiawang Chen ,&nbsp;Bo Gao ,&nbsp;Linlin Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of hollow glass microsphere/epoxy resin (HGMs/ER) composites is critical for deep-sea submersibles. This study proposes a progressive damage theory for HGMs/ER composites under hydrostatic pressure, based on elastic strain energy derived from self-consistent theory. We determined the ultimate strain energy limit of the HGMs and established their strain energy density distribution and probability distribution functions. The model predicted a chain fracture threshold pressure of 128.0 MPa for the composite material (density: 0.68 g/cm³). Below this threshold, water absorption remained low (e.g., 0.63% at 115 MPa), whereas above it, the water absorption rate increased exponentially with pressure, reaching 1.67% at 165 MPa. This sharp increase was quantitatively linked via an established absorption model to the volume fraction of fractured HGMs. Theoretical predictions of water absorption rates showed excellent agreement with experimental data, providing rigorous validation of the proposed progressive damage theory. These findings provide quantitative failure-prediction criteria and optimization guidelines for deep-sea buoyancy materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100348"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental and numerical damage assessment of PLA based on young’s modulus reduction using the bonora damage model","authors":"Mohammad Ali Kazemi ,&nbsp;Seyedsajad Jafari ,&nbsp;Mostafa akbari","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The goal of this paper is to experimentally and numerically investigate damage evolution in PLA+ materials, based on the reduction of Young’s modulus during cyclic loading–unloading tests. Standard tensile specimens were fabricated via FDM 3D printing and tested under displacement-controlled cyclic loading, while strain was measured using both extensometer and digital image correlation. The Bonora damage model was calibrated for PLA+ by fitting the damage parameter to experimental plastic strain data. The obtained constants (D_cr=0.20, ε_th=0.012, ε_f=0.042, α=0.76) were implemented in a custom VUSDFLD subroutine in ABAQUS. The finite element simulations successfully predicted final failure, showing good agreement with the experimental damage parameter evolution. The numerical predictions deviated &lt;5 % from experimental results, confirming the high accuracy of the Bonora-based model implementation. This combined experimental–numerical framework provides a reliable basis for predicting progressive damage in PLA+ components under quasi-static loading. The novelty of this work lies in the calibration of the Bonora model for PLA+, which shows enhanced ductility compared to conventional PLA, and in demonstrating its potential for reliable application in both engineering load-bearing structures and biodegradable biomedical devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145760837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemomechanical modeling of lithiation-induced failure based on strain gradient plasticity theory","authors":"Zengsheng Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous silicon (Si) anodes in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) experience significant diffusion-induced stress gradients during electrochemical cycling, leading to crack propagation and active material pulverization. To systematically predict such failure behaviors, this study proposes a chemo-mechanical coupling framework by integrating strain gradient plasticity (SGP) theory with damage mechanics. The theoretical model explicitly resolves the interplay among lithiation kinetics, dislocation-mediated plasticity, and progressive damage accumulation in porous Si structures. Finite element method (FEM) simulations reveal the spatiotemporal evolution of lithium concentration fields, stress-strain distributions, and microcrack patterns. Parametric analyses identify critical structural parameters (e.g., pore radius, porosity) governing stress localization and interfacial delamination. Additionally, this work constructs a quantitative failure mechanism diagram that correlates state-of-charge (SOC), porosity, and pore geometry with fracture thresholds. The diagram offers actionable guidance for optimizing electrode architectures to mitigate stress-induced degradation in high-capacity LIB anodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100343"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical investigation of nonlinear response of single-walled carbon nanotube resting on elastic foundation subjected to casimir-electrostatic-van der waals forces","authors":"E.H. Abubakar ,&nbsp;A.A. Yinusa ,&nbsp;M.G. Sobamowo ,&nbsp;O.M. Sadiq","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100344","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100344","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents analytical investigation into the nonlinear dynamic response of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) resting on elastic foundation and subjected to magneto-thermal and electrostatic environment under the influence of Casimir and intermolecular forces. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, the nonlocal elasticity theory and Hamilton’s principle of nonlinear mechanistic motion are applied in the theoretical formulation of the governing differential equation and the Galerkin decomposition technique is used to decompose the formulated equation of motion into spatial and temporal parts. The duffing equation which describes the temporal part of the equation of motion of the SWCNT is then solved analytically. Subsequently, the frequency ratios of the nanotube for end conditions including simple-simple, clamped-clamped, clamped-simple, and clamped-free are obtained. Furthermore, parametric study is carried out to show the influences of Casimir force, intermolecular force, electrostatic force, magnetic term, elastic foundation and thermal term on the nanotube’s stability. The stability response solution obtained from the parametric study reveals that an increase in Casimir force enables CNTs to experience an additional attractive pressure that decreases their stability and may result in buckling or collapse. Meanwhile, increase in Van der Waals force reduces critical buckling load. Additionally, increasing the electrostatic force results in an increased frequency ratio and vibration amplitude. These parameters need to be carefully monitored or controlled to prevent instabilities due to their sensitivities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100344"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145792133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on crack initiation life of helical gears in wind turbine gearbox based on temperature field","authors":"Yong Yue ,&nbsp;Xin Jin ,&nbsp;Meilin Jiang ,&nbsp;An Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.finmec.2025.100342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gearboxes are critical mechanical components commonly used for wind turbines. This study develops a damage-coupled model to predict the crack initiation life of wind turbine gears, explicitly incorporating the effects of temperature fields and residual stress. The findings reveal distinct failure mechanisms across the gear tooth. At the tooth root, life is governed by tensile bending stress, with the critical location shifting along the normalized profile under the Smith-Watson-Topper (SWT) criterion, while its minimum <strong>value</strong> remains largely unaffected. For the meshed tooth flanks, the region near a normalized profile of 0.28 is most prone to cracking. The temperature field significantly alters the life distribution, severely reducing the minimum life by over 45% near the pitch circle while causing a slight improvement at the gear ends. Furthermore, a critical subsurface life minimum at 0.4-0.6 mm depth is identified at the pitch circle. Although thermal loads reduce the minimum life at the root and pitch circle by over 42.89% and 24.91%, respectively, they do not alter the fundamental life distribution trends, which are primarily mechanical-stress-driven. The residual compressive stress extends the crack initiation life, while the residual tensile stress shortens it, with minimal impact on the distribution profile.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":93433,"journal":{"name":"Forces in mechanics","volume":"21 ","pages":"Article 100342"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145693163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}