With the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) it becomes pertinent to search for an antimicrobial alternative to cater for the imminent need to control total drug-resistant (TDR) and multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown some promise and this study was designed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of Moricin (a naturally produced AMP by silkworm, Bombyx mori larvae) against 276 microbial strains of 83 species. Only two ( Erwinia amylovora 1, Hafnia alvei 1) strains were classified as susceptible to Moricin at a concentration ≤ 8 µg/mL. If susceptibility criteria were set at MIC equivalent to ≤ 128 µg/mL then Moricin inhibited 17 strains. All of the Bacillus species strains and majority of the strains of Acinetobacter , Aeromonas , Enterococcus , Erwinia , Raoultella , and Serratia species were significantly ( p < 0.05) more often resistant (MIC > 512 µg/mL) to Moricin than strains belonging to Alacligenes , Bacillus , Escherichia , Klebsiella , Pantoea , Pasteurella , Salmonella , Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Susceptibility of different bacteria not only varied significantly to Moricin but also to most of the commonly used antibiotics. The susceptibility of microbes not only affected by their type but also by their source of origin. The study concluded that Moricin has a wide spectrum but limited potential to inhibit clinically important microbial strains belonging to different species and genera.
{"title":"Comparative antimicrobial activity of Moricin (naturally produced by silk worm, Bombyx mori larvae) against clinically important pathogens","authors":"Himani Agri, Bhoj R Singh","doi":"10.53388/idr2023019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53388/idr2023019","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) it becomes pertinent to search for an antimicrobial alternative to cater for the imminent need to control total drug-resistant (TDR) and multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) infections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have shown some promise and this study was designed to evaluate antimicrobial activity of Moricin (a naturally produced AMP by silkworm, Bombyx mori larvae) against 276 microbial strains of 83 species. Only two ( Erwinia amylovora 1, Hafnia alvei 1) strains were classified as susceptible to Moricin at a concentration ≤ 8 µg/mL. If susceptibility criteria were set at MIC equivalent to ≤ 128 µg/mL then Moricin inhibited 17 strains. All of the Bacillus species strains and majority of the strains of Acinetobacter , Aeromonas , Enterococcus , Erwinia , Raoultella , and Serratia species were significantly ( p < 0.05) more often resistant (MIC > 512 µg/mL) to Moricin than strains belonging to Alacligenes , Bacillus , Escherichia , Klebsiella , Pantoea , Pasteurella , Salmonella , Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species. Susceptibility of different bacteria not only varied significantly to Moricin but also to most of the commonly used antibiotics. The susceptibility of microbes not only affected by their type but also by their source of origin. The study concluded that Moricin has a wide spectrum but limited potential to inhibit clinically important microbial strains belonging to different species and genera.","PeriodicalId":93445,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases research","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135611567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Lippi, G. Salvagno, Gianluca Gianfilippi, B. Henry
{"title":"Harmonization of SARS-CoV-2 antigen immunoassays: are they measuring the same “thing”?","authors":"G. Lippi, G. Salvagno, Gianluca Gianfilippi, B. Henry","doi":"10.53388/idr2023002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53388/idr2023002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93445,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70810618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Respiratory virus infection was the most common viral infection in clinical practice with the greatest impact, including the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), posing a huge threat to the world's public health and human life safety. Commonly used antiviral drugs have obvious side effects and a narrow scope of application. Respiratory viruses are susceptible to infection, mutation, and prevalence, which also pose challenges to traditional antiviral drugs and vaccine development. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating infectious diseases, with many herbs and compounds. Its multi-component, multi-target and multi-path characteristics have made it have great advantages and potential in the development of new anti-respiratory virus drugs. This review summarized TCM for the prevention and treatment of common respiratory viruses, and provided new strategies for the research and development of new TCM antiviral drugs and for responding to infectious respiratory virus diseases.
{"title":"Efficacy and mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine prevention and treatment for respiratory viruses","authors":"Fan Yang, Jun Ren, Bin Xu, Jian Xu","doi":"10.53388/idr2023015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53388/idr2023015","url":null,"abstract":"Respiratory virus infection was the most common viral infection in clinical practice with the greatest impact, including the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), posing a huge threat to the world's public health and human life safety. Commonly used antiviral drugs have obvious side effects and a narrow scope of application. Respiratory viruses are susceptible to infection, mutation, and prevalence, which also pose challenges to traditional antiviral drugs and vaccine development. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history of treating infectious diseases, with many herbs and compounds. Its multi-component, multi-target and multi-path characteristics have made it have great advantages and potential in the development of new anti-respiratory virus drugs. This review summarized TCM for the prevention and treatment of common respiratory viruses, and provided new strategies for the research and development of new TCM antiviral drugs and for responding to infectious respiratory virus diseases.","PeriodicalId":93445,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70810816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effectiveness of traditional Chinese medicine in treating AIDS related diarrhoea: a meta-analysis","authors":"B. Liang, Chen Ma, H. Zhao, Jian Wang","doi":"10.53388/idr2023012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53388/idr2023012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93445,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70810964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Pooled analysis of efficacy of the fourth mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine dose in eliciting anti-SARS-CoV-2 serum antibody response in the general immunocompetent population","authors":"G. Lippi, C. Mattiuzzi, B. Henry","doi":"10.53388/idr2023007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53388/idr2023007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93445,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70810491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Oshvandi, M. Soori, Sima Hashemi, Manoochehr Solgi
Background : Considering the need and importance of a comprehensive study of the disease of COVID-19, this research investigated the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nahavand, a western city of Iran, from March 2020 to the end of the 20th. March 2021. Methods: This study is a retrospective study. Information on the epidemiology of COVID-19 was collected by the Infectious Diseases Department of the Nahavand Health Center. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the disease. All data in this study were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. The presented statistics related to referrals to health centers with the result of a positive RT-PCR test. Results: The RT-PCR test was positive in 3544 patients and the average age of the patients was 47 years, also 49.4% of patients (n=1753) were men. Seventy eight percent of adult deaths occurred in people over 60 years old and 56.29% in men. Out of all the patients, 27.12 percent had an underlying disease that 6.7% died. No deaths of children under 12 and pregnant women were reported. The association between travel history, patient contacts, underlying disease and pregnancy for COVID-19 was significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusion : The most important point to mention in this study is the effect of increasing age, underlying disease and male gender on increasing hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. Approximately 1.77% of Nahavand residents fell ill with COVID-19 in a defined period of time. More than 95% of patients were older than 20 years.
{"title":"Epidemiology of COVID-19 in patients referred to health centers in the Nahavand city, western Iran","authors":"K. Oshvandi, M. Soori, Sima Hashemi, Manoochehr Solgi","doi":"10.53388/idr2023016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53388/idr2023016","url":null,"abstract":"Background : Considering the need and importance of a comprehensive study of the disease of COVID-19, this research investigated the epidemiology of COVID-19 in Nahavand, a western city of Iran, from March 2020 to the end of the 20th. March 2021. Methods: This study is a retrospective study. Information on the epidemiology of COVID-19 was collected by the Infectious Diseases Department of the Nahavand Health Center. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the disease. All data in this study were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. The presented statistics related to referrals to health centers with the result of a positive RT-PCR test. Results: The RT-PCR test was positive in 3544 patients and the average age of the patients was 47 years, also 49.4% of patients (n=1753) were men. Seventy eight percent of adult deaths occurred in people over 60 years old and 56.29% in men. Out of all the patients, 27.12 percent had an underlying disease that 6.7% died. No deaths of children under 12 and pregnant women were reported. The association between travel history, patient contacts, underlying disease and pregnancy for COVID-19 was significant ( P < 0.001). Conclusion : The most important point to mention in this study is the effect of increasing age, underlying disease and male gender on increasing hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. Approximately 1.77% of Nahavand residents fell ill with COVID-19 in a defined period of time. More than 95% of patients were older than 20 years.","PeriodicalId":93445,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70810935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rehab Saud Alghamdi, Nahla Abdul-Gadir Hassan Tayyib
This review aimed to determine and identify the knowledge and attitude of the mothers or pregnant women toward the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy. Whooping cough, Diphtheria disease and tetanus are infectious and pathogenic bacterial diseases that mainly affect children too young to complete basic vaccinations, and deaths associated with infectious diseases are frequent among them. Therefore, it is advisable for pregnant women to take the triple bacterial vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis). This scoping review was conducted, and various electronic databases were searched, including Medline and PubMed. Moreover, Google Scholar, CDC, and immunization research group websites were searched to investigate the literature on the Tdap vaccine. As a result, 13 studies were included in this review. Based on the findings of this review, the level of knowledge of ladies and pregnant women about the importance of the vaccine depended upon several factors, including education level, occupation, age, sources of vaccine information, maternal desire, being born outside the country, lower household income, religious misconception, residing in a province or area where the pertussis vaccine was not free, having given birth to live children in the past, and receiving maternity care from a midwife. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increase in the level of knowledge about the importance of Tdap vaccine increased the percentage of women who supported and accepted the vaccine. Studies have also shown that some mothers refused vaccination due to reservations about vaccine safety and efficacy since they did not have sufficient knowledge or experience.
{"title":"A scoping review of studies on women's knowledge regarding Tdap vaccination during Pregnancy","authors":"Rehab Saud Alghamdi, Nahla Abdul-Gadir Hassan Tayyib","doi":"10.53388/idr2023020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53388/idr2023020","url":null,"abstract":"This review aimed to determine and identify the knowledge and attitude of the mothers or pregnant women toward the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy. Whooping cough, Diphtheria disease and tetanus are infectious and pathogenic bacterial diseases that mainly affect children too young to complete basic vaccinations, and deaths associated with infectious diseases are frequent among them. Therefore, it is advisable for pregnant women to take the triple bacterial vaccine (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis). This scoping review was conducted, and various electronic databases were searched, including Medline and PubMed. Moreover, Google Scholar, CDC, and immunization research group websites were searched to investigate the literature on the Tdap vaccine. As a result, 13 studies were included in this review. Based on the findings of this review, the level of knowledge of ladies and pregnant women about the importance of the vaccine depended upon several factors, including education level, occupation, age, sources of vaccine information, maternal desire, being born outside the country, lower household income, religious misconception, residing in a province or area where the pertussis vaccine was not free, having given birth to live children in the past, and receiving maternity care from a midwife. Therefore, it can be concluded that the increase in the level of knowledge about the importance of Tdap vaccine increased the percentage of women who supported and accepted the vaccine. Studies have also shown that some mothers refused vaccination due to reservations about vaccine safety and efficacy since they did not have sufficient knowledge or experience.","PeriodicalId":93445,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases research","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135612129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why are children and many adults not affected by COVID-19? Role of the host immune response","authors":"H. Banoun","doi":"10.53388/idr20220825018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53388/idr20220825018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93445,"journal":{"name":"Infectious diseases research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70810305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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