Pub Date : 2023-09-21DOI: 10.1186/s43074-023-00105-4
Adam Raptakis, Lefteris Gounaridis, Jörn P. Epping, Thi Lan Anh Tran, Thomas Aukes, Moritz Kleinert, Madeleine Weigel, Marco Wolfer, Alexander Draebenstedt, Christos Tsokos, Panos Groumas, Efstathios Andrianopoulos, Nikos Lyras, Dimitrios Nikolaidis, Elias Mylonas, Nikolaos Baxevanakis, Roberto Pessina, Erik Schreuder, Matthijn Dekkers, Volker Seyfried, Norbert Keil, René G. Heideman, Hercules Avramopoulos, Christos Kouloumentas
Abstract We demonstrate a compact heterodyne Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) based on the realization of optical frequency shift in the silicon nitride photonic integration platform (TriPleX). We theoretically study, and experimentally evaluate two different photonic integrated optical frequency shifters (OFSs), utilizing serrodyne and single-sideband (SSB) modulation. Both OFSs employ stress-optic modulators (SOMs) based on the non-resonant piezoelectrical actuation of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin-films, deposited on top of the silicon nitride waveguides with a wafer-scale process. To improve the modulation bandwidth of the SOMs we investigate a novel configuration of the electrodes used for the actuation, where both electrodes are placed on top of the PZT layer. Using this top-top electrode configuration we report frequency shift of 100 kHz and 2.5 MHz, and suppression ratio of the unwanted sidebands of 22.1 dB and 39 dB, using the serrodyne and the SSB OFS, respectively. The best performing SOM structure induces 0.25π peak-to-peak sinusoidal phase-shift with 156 mW power dissipation at 2.5 MHz. We use the SSB-OFS in our compact LDV system to demonstrate vibration measurements in the kHz regime. The system comprises a dual-polarization coherent detector built in the PolyBoard platform, utilizing hybrid integration of InP photodiodes (PDs). High quality LDV performance with measurement of vibration frequencies up to several hundreds of kHz and displacement resolution of 10 pm are supported with our system.
{"title":"Integrated heterodyne laser Doppler vibrometer based on stress-optic frequency shift in silicon nitride","authors":"Adam Raptakis, Lefteris Gounaridis, Jörn P. Epping, Thi Lan Anh Tran, Thomas Aukes, Moritz Kleinert, Madeleine Weigel, Marco Wolfer, Alexander Draebenstedt, Christos Tsokos, Panos Groumas, Efstathios Andrianopoulos, Nikos Lyras, Dimitrios Nikolaidis, Elias Mylonas, Nikolaos Baxevanakis, Roberto Pessina, Erik Schreuder, Matthijn Dekkers, Volker Seyfried, Norbert Keil, René G. Heideman, Hercules Avramopoulos, Christos Kouloumentas","doi":"10.1186/s43074-023-00105-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-023-00105-4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We demonstrate a compact heterodyne Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV) based on the realization of optical frequency shift in the silicon nitride photonic integration platform (TriPleX). We theoretically study, and experimentally evaluate two different photonic integrated optical frequency shifters (OFSs), utilizing serrodyne and single-sideband (SSB) modulation. Both OFSs employ stress-optic modulators (SOMs) based on the non-resonant piezoelectrical actuation of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin-films, deposited on top of the silicon nitride waveguides with a wafer-scale process. To improve the modulation bandwidth of the SOMs we investigate a novel configuration of the electrodes used for the actuation, where both electrodes are placed on top of the PZT layer. Using this top-top electrode configuration we report frequency shift of 100 kHz and 2.5 MHz, and suppression ratio of the unwanted sidebands of 22.1 dB and 39 dB, using the serrodyne and the SSB OFS, respectively. The best performing SOM structure induces 0.25π peak-to-peak sinusoidal phase-shift with 156 mW power dissipation at 2.5 MHz. We use the SSB-OFS in our compact LDV system to demonstrate vibration measurements in the kHz regime. The system comprises a dual-polarization coherent detector built in the PolyBoard platform, utilizing hybrid integration of InP photodiodes (PDs). High quality LDV performance with measurement of vibration frequencies up to several hundreds of kHz and displacement resolution of 10 pm are supported with our system.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136236214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-20DOI: 10.1186/s43074-023-00109-0
Ang Li, Chang Wang, Feixia Bao, Wenji Fang, Yuxin Liang, Rui Cheng, Shilong Pan
Abstract There has been a rapidly growing demand for low-cost, integrated single-shot spectrometers to be embedded in portable intelligent devices. Even though significant progress has been made in this area, two major problems are still remaining, namely the high temperature sensitivity and poor bandwidth-resolution ratio (BRR) that can’t meet the requirement of most applications. In this work, we present an integrated single-shot spectrometer relying on a silicon photonic circuit that has a footprint less than 3mm 2 , but could achieve broad operation bandwidth about 100 nm and high resolution up to 0.1 nm (with a BRR ~ 1000). Moreover, for the first time, we demonstrate an integrated spectrometer that could operate within a wide temperature range (between 10 and 70 degrees Celsius) without additional power consumption for temperature management.
{"title":"An integrated single-shot spectrometer with large bandwidth-resolution ratio and wide operation temperature range","authors":"Ang Li, Chang Wang, Feixia Bao, Wenji Fang, Yuxin Liang, Rui Cheng, Shilong Pan","doi":"10.1186/s43074-023-00109-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-023-00109-0","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There has been a rapidly growing demand for low-cost, integrated single-shot spectrometers to be embedded in portable intelligent devices. Even though significant progress has been made in this area, two major problems are still remaining, namely the high temperature sensitivity and poor bandwidth-resolution ratio (BRR) that can’t meet the requirement of most applications. In this work, we present an integrated single-shot spectrometer relying on a silicon photonic circuit that has a footprint less than 3mm 2 , but could achieve broad operation bandwidth about 100 nm and high resolution up to 0.1 nm (with a BRR ~ 1000). Moreover, for the first time, we demonstrate an integrated spectrometer that could operate within a wide temperature range (between 10 and 70 degrees Celsius) without additional power consumption for temperature management.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136265896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-19DOI: 10.1186/s43074-023-00108-1
Jiaming Lv, Shengyuan Shen, Lin Chen, Yiming Zhu, Songlin Zhuang
Abstract Chiral enantiomers have different pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics. It is important to strictly detect chiral component for avoiding being harmful to the human body due to side effects. Terahertz (THz) trace fingerprint detection is essential because the molecular vibrations of various biological substances such as chiral enantiomers are located in THz range. Recent reported enhanced trace fingerprint technologies have some drawbacks. For instance, multiplexing technology suffered from narrow operation range and limitation by frequency resolution of commercial THz time domain spectroscopy; Absorption induced transparency (AIT) identification for narrowband molecular oscillations suffered from random resonance frequency drift due to fabrication error. In this paper, we proposed frequency-selective fingerprint sensor (FSFS), which can experimentally achieve enhanced trace fingerprint detection by both broadband multiplexing technology and robust AIT identification. Such FSFS is based on polarization independent reconfiguration metasurfaces array. Broadband absorption lines of trace-amount chiral carnitine were boosted with absorption enhancement factors of about 7.3 times based on frequency-selective multiplexing at 0.95–2.0 THz. Enhanced trace narrowband α-lactose fingerprint sensing can be observed at several array structures with absorption enhancement factors of about 7 times based on AIT, exhibiting good robustness. The flexibility and versatility of proposed FSFS has potential applications for boosting trace chiral enantiomer detection as well as diversity of molecular fingerprints identification by both multiplexing and AIT.
{"title":"Frequency selective fingerprint sensor: the Terahertz unity platform for broadband chiral enantiomers multiplexed signals and narrowband molecular AIT enhancement","authors":"Jiaming Lv, Shengyuan Shen, Lin Chen, Yiming Zhu, Songlin Zhuang","doi":"10.1186/s43074-023-00108-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-023-00108-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Chiral enantiomers have different pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics. It is important to strictly detect chiral component for avoiding being harmful to the human body due to side effects. Terahertz (THz) trace fingerprint detection is essential because the molecular vibrations of various biological substances such as chiral enantiomers are located in THz range. Recent reported enhanced trace fingerprint technologies have some drawbacks. For instance, multiplexing technology suffered from narrow operation range and limitation by frequency resolution of commercial THz time domain spectroscopy; Absorption induced transparency (AIT) identification for narrowband molecular oscillations suffered from random resonance frequency drift due to fabrication error. In this paper, we proposed frequency-selective fingerprint sensor (FSFS), which can experimentally achieve enhanced trace fingerprint detection by both broadband multiplexing technology and robust AIT identification. Such FSFS is based on polarization independent reconfiguration metasurfaces array. Broadband absorption lines of trace-amount chiral carnitine were boosted with absorption enhancement factors of about 7.3 times based on frequency-selective multiplexing at 0.95–2.0 THz. Enhanced trace narrowband α-lactose fingerprint sensing can be observed at several array structures with absorption enhancement factors of about 7 times based on AIT, exhibiting good robustness. The flexibility and versatility of proposed FSFS has potential applications for boosting trace chiral enantiomer detection as well as diversity of molecular fingerprints identification by both multiplexing and AIT.","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135010753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-28DOI: 10.1186/s43074-023-00103-6
Gwan-Il Lee, K. M. Jyothsna, Jonghoo Park, JaeDong Lee, V. Raghunathan, Hyunmin Kim
{"title":"Confocal nonlinear optical imaging on hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets","authors":"Gwan-Il Lee, K. M. Jyothsna, Jonghoo Park, JaeDong Lee, V. Raghunathan, Hyunmin Kim","doi":"10.1186/s43074-023-00103-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s43074-023-00103-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93483,"journal":{"name":"PhotoniX","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47975032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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