Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1179/000705902225004464
H. McMurray, J. Searle, B. Wilson, D. Worsley
Abstract A novel three-dimensional scanning vibrating electrode technique (3D SVET) apparatus is described, which uses a bifunctional probe to record topographical and current density data. This apparatus is used to investigate the localised corrosion occurring on 2 cm2 exposed areas of flat specimens of electroplated zinc and galvannealed (Zn-Fe alloy coated) 1·2 mm sheet steel and specimens of the same substrates laser welded together, freely corroding in near neutral, aerated, aqueous chloride electrolyte. On flat galvannealed (IZ) specimens anodic events are highly localised and occur at random over the exposed specimen surface during a 24 h immersion period. This reflects the progressive dezincification of zinc rich areas of the iron zinc intermetallic coating. By contrast on flat electroplated zinc (EZ) specimens anodic activity is localised but corrosion initiates at a single anodic centre, eventually spreading out to form a scar on the metallic surface. This concentration of anodic activity on the specimen leads to greater dezincification than for the IZ coating. The SVET data was used to provide an estimate of the total zinc loss from the 2 cm2 exposed area on the coupons of 544 μg for EZ and 236 μg for IZ respectively. The close physical proximity of anodic and cathodic events in the latter substrate is believed to lead to greater zinc (hydr) oxide formation and hence lower measured zinc loss. Laser welded specimens were prepared by joining IZ to IZ and IZ to EZ coated 1·2 mm steel panels. A 2 cm2 exposed area was investigated using SVET with ca. 1 cm2 exposed either side of the weld. The joining of IZ specimens together using a laser weld changes the localisation of anodic activity in neutral aerated sodium chloride solution dramatically. In this instance focal anodes initially concentrate next to the weld area in a zone enriched in zinc (and depleted in iron) as a result of the welding process. This localisation of anodic and cathodic activity next to the weld reduces the anodic damage on the IZ remote to the heat affected zone. When specimens of EZ and IZ are laser welded together all anodic activity becomes focussed on the EZ specimens with a total zinc loss over 24 h from the 1 cm2 exposed area measured as 489 μg, very close to that of the zinc loss from the EZ specimen (2 cm2) alone. By contrast there is no measurable zinc loss from the IZ portion specimen under these conditions. The increase in zinc loss per unit area from the EZ reflects the additional cathodic area provided by the connected IZ coupon and bimetallic coupling of the metallic coatings.
{"title":"Investigating changes in corrosion mechanism induced by laser welding galvanised steel specimens using scanning vibrating electrode technique","authors":"H. McMurray, J. Searle, B. Wilson, D. Worsley","doi":"10.1179/000705902225004464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000705902225004464","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A novel three-dimensional scanning vibrating electrode technique (3D SVET) apparatus is described, which uses a bifunctional probe to record topographical and current density data. This apparatus is used to investigate the localised corrosion occurring on 2 cm2 exposed areas of flat specimens of electroplated zinc and galvannealed (Zn-Fe alloy coated) 1·2 mm sheet steel and specimens of the same substrates laser welded together, freely corroding in near neutral, aerated, aqueous chloride electrolyte. On flat galvannealed (IZ) specimens anodic events are highly localised and occur at random over the exposed specimen surface during a 24 h immersion period. This reflects the progressive dezincification of zinc rich areas of the iron zinc intermetallic coating. By contrast on flat electroplated zinc (EZ) specimens anodic activity is localised but corrosion initiates at a single anodic centre, eventually spreading out to form a scar on the metallic surface. This concentration of anodic activity on the specimen leads to greater dezincification than for the IZ coating. The SVET data was used to provide an estimate of the total zinc loss from the 2 cm2 exposed area on the coupons of 544 μg for EZ and 236 μg for IZ respectively. The close physical proximity of anodic and cathodic events in the latter substrate is believed to lead to greater zinc (hydr) oxide formation and hence lower measured zinc loss. Laser welded specimens were prepared by joining IZ to IZ and IZ to EZ coated 1·2 mm steel panels. A 2 cm2 exposed area was investigated using SVET with ca. 1 cm2 exposed either side of the weld. The joining of IZ specimens together using a laser weld changes the localisation of anodic activity in neutral aerated sodium chloride solution dramatically. In this instance focal anodes initially concentrate next to the weld area in a zone enriched in zinc (and depleted in iron) as a result of the welding process. This localisation of anodic and cathodic activity next to the weld reduces the anodic damage on the IZ remote to the heat affected zone. When specimens of EZ and IZ are laser welded together all anodic activity becomes focussed on the EZ specimens with a total zinc loss over 24 h from the 1 cm2 exposed area measured as 489 μg, very close to that of the zinc loss from the EZ specimen (2 cm2) alone. By contrast there is no measurable zinc loss from the IZ portion specimen under these conditions. The increase in zinc loss per unit area from the EZ reflects the additional cathodic area provided by the connected IZ coupon and bimetallic coupling of the metallic coatings.","PeriodicalId":9349,"journal":{"name":"British Corrosion Journal","volume":"60 1","pages":"225 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84925959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1179/bcj.2002.37.3.170
Abstract The Conference Hall in Aix-en-Provence, France was the venue for the Corrosion Certification conference, the 253rd event of the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC). The meeting took place on 4-5 June 2002 and was organised by Cefracor, as Dr STUART LYON reports.
{"title":"Corrosion certification: the European scene","authors":"","doi":"10.1179/bcj.2002.37.3.170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/bcj.2002.37.3.170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Conference Hall in Aix-en-Provence, France was the venue for the Corrosion Certification conference, the 253rd event of the European Federation of Corrosion (EFC). The meeting took place on 4-5 June 2002 and was organised by Cefracor, as Dr STUART LYON reports.","PeriodicalId":9349,"journal":{"name":"British Corrosion Journal","volume":"70 1","pages":"170 - 171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83799931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-10-01DOI: 10.1179/000705902225004392
Qingcai Liu, Dengfu Chen, Yuan Xu, J. Newkirk
Abstract Interactions between smelting reduction slags containing titania (0·2-20 wt-%TiO2) and MgO-C refractories have been investigated by stationary immersion and rotary immersion at temperatures of 1773-1923 K. The relationship between the concentration of TiO2 in the slag and the corrosion rate of the refractories, the effects of slag basicity (CaO/SiO2), and the effect of the temperature of the molten bath on the corrosion rate were examined. Increasing the TiO2 concentration in the slag caused an increase in the corrosion rate of the MgO-C refractories. The corrosion rate also increased when the temperature was increased. Increasing the basicity of the acid slag decreased the corrosion rate, but this effect was not evident when the basicity of slag exceeded 1·0. The corrosion mechanism of MgO-C refractories in smelting reduction melts containing titania involves the oxidation of graphitic carbon by TiO2 and the formation of a deterioration layer containing Ti and TiC, together with the reaction of matrix MgO with slag to form MgAl2O4, MgCaSiO4, and MgSiO3.
{"title":"Corrosion resistance of MgO–C refractory to smelting reduction slag containing titania","authors":"Qingcai Liu, Dengfu Chen, Yuan Xu, J. Newkirk","doi":"10.1179/000705902225004392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000705902225004392","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Interactions between smelting reduction slags containing titania (0·2-20 wt-%TiO2) and MgO-C refractories have been investigated by stationary immersion and rotary immersion at temperatures of 1773-1923 K. The relationship between the concentration of TiO2 in the slag and the corrosion rate of the refractories, the effects of slag basicity (CaO/SiO2), and the effect of the temperature of the molten bath on the corrosion rate were examined. Increasing the TiO2 concentration in the slag caused an increase in the corrosion rate of the MgO-C refractories. The corrosion rate also increased when the temperature was increased. Increasing the basicity of the acid slag decreased the corrosion rate, but this effect was not evident when the basicity of slag exceeded 1·0. The corrosion mechanism of MgO-C refractories in smelting reduction melts containing titania involves the oxidation of graphitic carbon by TiO2 and the formation of a deterioration layer containing Ti and TiC, together with the reaction of matrix MgO with slag to form MgAl2O4, MgCaSiO4, and MgSiO3.","PeriodicalId":9349,"journal":{"name":"British Corrosion Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"231 - 234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90109568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1179/000705902225004419
H. Shaikh, B. Rao, S. Gupta, R. P. George, S. Venugopal, B. Sasi, T. Jayakumar, H. S. Khatak
Abstract This paper deals with the applicability of various techniques for the assessment and quantification of sensitisation in AISI Type 316L welds. Welded joints of AISI Type 316L stainless steel were aged at 973 K for periods of up to 200 h. The base and weld metal components of the aged joints were then assessed for susceptibility to sensitisation and intergranular corrosion (IGC) by using various tests specified by ASTM A262, Practices A and E, and ASTM G108 (the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test). The possibility of using eddy current testing (ECT) to detect sensitisation and IGC was also assessed. The use of ASTM A262 Practice A and E tests indicated sensitisation in base metal aged for 20 h and above. Aged weld metals showed no failure in these tests. Tensile tests on the weld joints before and after exposure to Cu–CuSO4-H2SO4 solution did not indicate any differences in the tensile properties. Double loop EPR tests indicated a significant increase in the ratios of charge and peak current densities on reactivation to activation after aging the welded joint for 20 h and above. However, weld metal showed no change in the ratios of the above two parameters. Following doubts about the suitability of the EPR test for on line corrosion monitoring, the ECT technique was investigated in order to assess its suitability for the detection and quantification of sensitisation. The ratio of eddy current amplitudes after and before exposure to Cu–CuSO4-H2SO4 solution was used as an assessment criterion. A significant increase in this ratio was observed on aging the base metal for more than 20 h. No significant change was observed in the ratios of eddy current amplitudes for weld metal. The ECT results correlated very well with the findings of the EPR and ASTM Practice E tests. This indicates that ECT holds promise as an on line monitoring tool for sensitisation and IGC.
{"title":"Assessment of intergranular corrosion in AISI Type 316L stainless steel weldments","authors":"H. Shaikh, B. Rao, S. Gupta, R. P. George, S. Venugopal, B. Sasi, T. Jayakumar, H. S. Khatak","doi":"10.1179/000705902225004419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000705902225004419","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This paper deals with the applicability of various techniques for the assessment and quantification of sensitisation in AISI Type 316L welds. Welded joints of AISI Type 316L stainless steel were aged at 973 K for periods of up to 200 h. The base and weld metal components of the aged joints were then assessed for susceptibility to sensitisation and intergranular corrosion (IGC) by using various tests specified by ASTM A262, Practices A and E, and ASTM G108 (the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) test). The possibility of using eddy current testing (ECT) to detect sensitisation and IGC was also assessed. The use of ASTM A262 Practice A and E tests indicated sensitisation in base metal aged for 20 h and above. Aged weld metals showed no failure in these tests. Tensile tests on the weld joints before and after exposure to Cu–CuSO4-H2SO4 solution did not indicate any differences in the tensile properties. Double loop EPR tests indicated a significant increase in the ratios of charge and peak current densities on reactivation to activation after aging the welded joint for 20 h and above. However, weld metal showed no change in the ratios of the above two parameters. Following doubts about the suitability of the EPR test for on line corrosion monitoring, the ECT technique was investigated in order to assess its suitability for the detection and quantification of sensitisation. The ratio of eddy current amplitudes after and before exposure to Cu–CuSO4-H2SO4 solution was used as an assessment criterion. A significant increase in this ratio was observed on aging the base metal for more than 20 h. No significant change was observed in the ratios of eddy current amplitudes for weld metal. The ECT results correlated very well with the findings of the EPR and ASTM Practice E tests. This indicates that ECT holds promise as an on line monitoring tool for sensitisation and IGC.","PeriodicalId":9349,"journal":{"name":"British Corrosion Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"129 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78359065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1179/bcj.2002.37.2.88
The BSI catalogue for 2002 has been published recently. It is available on both CD ROM and in hard copy format, though stocks of the latter are limited. All subscribing members of BSI were provided with the CD ROM version of the new catalogue during April 2002. The minimum hardware requirements to use this on an IBM compatible PC are a Pentium P90 processor with a Windows 95, 98, or NT 4 (service pack 5, or newer) operating system and at least 64 Mb of RAM and 140 Mb of hard disk space. Installation is straightforward, and takes only 2 min. The contents of the CD ROM are comprehensive. In total, there are over 30 000 records relating to British Standards, both current and withdrawn, dating back to 1903. The information that is provided for each standard includes, as appropriate: the title; a brief description of the contents; the status (current, withdrawn, etc.); the confirmation date; the ICS classification; the BSI Committee reference; the ISBN reference; notes; number of pages (and their size); and price (member or nonmember, as the case may be). Standards can be ordered by preparing an electronic order form, which automatically updates the total value of the order as more standards are added. This can then be submitted by email at the click of a button, or printed and sent by fax. The earliest standard referred to in the CD ROM is BS 251903, ‘Influence of gauge length and section of test bar on the percentage of elongation’. Although now withdrawn, this can still be purchased at a non-member price of £66·00 (non-member prices are generally twice the price paid by BSI Members). The oldest standard that is still current is BS 10551919, ‘Light and heavy bridge type railway rails’. This was reset in new type in 1945, but the text remains identical with previous copies (although the full size drawings of individual rails were omitted). It was last confirmed in 1994 and can be purchased at a non-member price of £22·00. There is a good search engine, which means that it is a simple matter to find a particular standard. If the reference number is known, this can be entered in the search window. Otherwise, use can be made of appropriate key words, entered either as a phrase or linked by the operators ‘and’ and ‘or’. Entering the word ‘corrosion’ results in 387 records relating to current standards published over the past 40 years. If withdrawn standards are included, the total number increases to 454. The CD ROM contains a good deal more than just published and withdrawn British Standards. Among the other items included ate BS ISO and BS EN ISO adoptions; BS EN publications and BS IEC publications; Codes of Practice; Drafts for Development; Published Documents; Drafts for Public Comment; Technical Publications; Specialist Books from BSI; Electronic Products; ETSI Standards, etc. The price of the BSI Catalogue on CD ROM to nonmembers is £100 plus VAT and £3·75 for postage. This contains everything issued up to April 2002. For an additional £100 plus V
{"title":"Standards news","authors":"","doi":"10.1179/bcj.2002.37.2.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/bcj.2002.37.2.88","url":null,"abstract":"The BSI catalogue for 2002 has been published recently. It is available on both CD ROM and in hard copy format, though stocks of the latter are limited. All subscribing members of BSI were provided with the CD ROM version of the new catalogue during April 2002. The minimum hardware requirements to use this on an IBM compatible PC are a Pentium P90 processor with a Windows 95, 98, or NT 4 (service pack 5, or newer) operating system and at least 64 Mb of RAM and 140 Mb of hard disk space. Installation is straightforward, and takes only 2 min. The contents of the CD ROM are comprehensive. In total, there are over 30 000 records relating to British Standards, both current and withdrawn, dating back to 1903. The information that is provided for each standard includes, as appropriate: the title; a brief description of the contents; the status (current, withdrawn, etc.); the confirmation date; the ICS classification; the BSI Committee reference; the ISBN reference; notes; number of pages (and their size); and price (member or nonmember, as the case may be). Standards can be ordered by preparing an electronic order form, which automatically updates the total value of the order as more standards are added. This can then be submitted by email at the click of a button, or printed and sent by fax. The earliest standard referred to in the CD ROM is BS 251903, ‘Influence of gauge length and section of test bar on the percentage of elongation’. Although now withdrawn, this can still be purchased at a non-member price of £66·00 (non-member prices are generally twice the price paid by BSI Members). The oldest standard that is still current is BS 10551919, ‘Light and heavy bridge type railway rails’. This was reset in new type in 1945, but the text remains identical with previous copies (although the full size drawings of individual rails were omitted). It was last confirmed in 1994 and can be purchased at a non-member price of £22·00. There is a good search engine, which means that it is a simple matter to find a particular standard. If the reference number is known, this can be entered in the search window. Otherwise, use can be made of appropriate key words, entered either as a phrase or linked by the operators ‘and’ and ‘or’. Entering the word ‘corrosion’ results in 387 records relating to current standards published over the past 40 years. If withdrawn standards are included, the total number increases to 454. The CD ROM contains a good deal more than just published and withdrawn British Standards. Among the other items included ate BS ISO and BS EN ISO adoptions; BS EN publications and BS IEC publications; Codes of Practice; Drafts for Development; Published Documents; Drafts for Public Comment; Technical Publications; Specialist Books from BSI; Electronic Products; ETSI Standards, etc. The price of the BSI Catalogue on CD ROM to nonmembers is £100 plus VAT and £3·75 for postage. This contains everything issued up to April 2002. For an additional £100 plus V","PeriodicalId":9349,"journal":{"name":"British Corrosion Journal","volume":"47 1","pages":"88 - 89"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90435931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1179/000705902225004329
D. Agarwal
Abstract A low nickel copper alloy commonly used in the plumbing/drainage pipelines on ships was investigated under slow strain rate conditions in air, and in solution containing 3·5%NaCl + 10%MgCl2, with and without 1% ammonia. The tests were conducted at ambient temperature (28 ± 1°C) at strain rates corresponding to a crosshead speed of 5·76 × 10-5cm min-1, without a passivation current. The results obtained did not show any significant deterioration in the mechanical properties of the alloy in the tests conducted in air or in solution without ammonia. However, with the introduction of 1% ammonia, a reduction in the material strength and a change in the mode of failure were observed. This paper discusses the results obtained in the present investigation and in particular the load bearing capacity of the material and the modes of failure in Cu–Ni alloys exposed to sea water.
{"title":"Effect of ammoniacal sea water on material properties of copper–nickel alloy","authors":"D. Agarwal","doi":"10.1179/000705902225004329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000705902225004329","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A low nickel copper alloy commonly used in the plumbing/drainage pipelines on ships was investigated under slow strain rate conditions in air, and in solution containing 3·5%NaCl + 10%MgCl2, with and without 1% ammonia. The tests were conducted at ambient temperature (28 ± 1°C) at strain rates corresponding to a crosshead speed of 5·76 × 10-5cm min-1, without a passivation current. The results obtained did not show any significant deterioration in the mechanical properties of the alloy in the tests conducted in air or in solution without ammonia. However, with the introduction of 1% ammonia, a reduction in the material strength and a change in the mode of failure were observed. This paper discusses the results obtained in the present investigation and in particular the load bearing capacity of the material and the modes of failure in Cu–Ni alloys exposed to sea water.","PeriodicalId":9349,"journal":{"name":"British Corrosion Journal","volume":"84 1","pages":"105 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80428710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1179/000705902225004400
A. Akomah, J. Dahele, D. Tighe-ford
Abstract Physical scale modelling was employed to examine the effect of reference electrode (RE) location upon the modulations of warship impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) current output resulting from propeller rotation. A one hundredth scale painted metal model of a frigate hull, fitted with two rotating propellers, was protected by ICCP in sea water diluted to an electrical conductivity one hundredth that of standard sea water. An 'all aft' four anode ICCP configuration was employed, with the RE at one of three locations in the after cut up. Propeller/shaft rotation produced amplitude modulations of ICCP current outputs. The data shows that both the waveform and the magnitude of the modulations were determined by where the RE was sited relative to the propellers. A different output waveform was associated with each RE location. A superimposed 'beat' rhythm was produced only with one position. The RE location also determined not only total current outputs but also the absolute and percentage magnitude of the modulations. Possible mechanisms for the phenomenon and requirements for further studies are discussed.
{"title":"Effect of warship impressed current cathodic protection configuration on low frequency current output modulations associated with propeller/shaft rotation","authors":"A. Akomah, J. Dahele, D. Tighe-ford","doi":"10.1179/000705902225004400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000705902225004400","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Physical scale modelling was employed to examine the effect of reference electrode (RE) location upon the modulations of warship impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) current output resulting from propeller rotation. A one hundredth scale painted metal model of a frigate hull, fitted with two rotating propellers, was protected by ICCP in sea water diluted to an electrical conductivity one hundredth that of standard sea water. An 'all aft' four anode ICCP configuration was employed, with the RE at one of three locations in the after cut up. Propeller/shaft rotation produced amplitude modulations of ICCP current outputs. The data shows that both the waveform and the magnitude of the modulations were determined by where the RE was sited relative to the propellers. A different output waveform was associated with each RE location. A superimposed 'beat' rhythm was produced only with one position. The RE location also determined not only total current outputs but also the absolute and percentage magnitude of the modulations. Possible mechanisms for the phenomenon and requirements for further studies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":9349,"journal":{"name":"British Corrosion Journal","volume":"21 1","pages":"114 - 116"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79908677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-07-01DOI: 10.1179/000705902225002385
E. Vuorinen, W. Skinner
Abstract Fifty three products, mostly carboxylate salts of amines, were evaluated as vapour phase corrosion inhibitors for mild steel. Fifteen compounds showed effectiveness in excess of 90%. Morpholine was the most effective amine and caprylic acid the most effective acid constituent. The effectiveness of ammonium monocarboxylates decreased with increase in the length of the carbon chain of the carboxylic acid. The other carboxylates did not show such a clear trend.
{"title":"Amine carboxylates as vapour phase corrosion inhibitors","authors":"E. Vuorinen, W. Skinner","doi":"10.1179/000705902225002385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/000705902225002385","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fifty three products, mostly carboxylate salts of amines, were evaluated as vapour phase corrosion inhibitors for mild steel. Fifteen compounds showed effectiveness in excess of 90%. Morpholine was the most effective amine and caprylic acid the most effective acid constituent. The effectiveness of ammonium monocarboxylates decreased with increase in the length of the carbon chain of the carboxylic acid. The other carboxylates did not show such a clear trend.","PeriodicalId":9349,"journal":{"name":"British Corrosion Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"159 - 160"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85303044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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