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TV and video game streaming with a quantum receiver: A study on a Rydberg atom-based receiver's bandwidth and reception clarity 基于量子接收器的电视和视频游戏流:基于Rydberg原子的接收器带宽和接收清晰度的研究
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-05-05 DOI: 10.1116/5.0098057
N. Prajapati, A. Rotunno, S. Berweger, M. Simons, A. Artusio-Glimpse, S. Voran, C. Holloway
We demonstrate the ability to receive live color analog television and video game signals with the use of the Rydberg atom receiver. The typical signal expected for traditional 480i National Television Standards Committee format video signals requires a bandwidth of over 3 MHz. We determine the beam sizes, powers, and detection method required for the Rydberg atoms to receive this type of signal. The beam size affects the average time the atoms remain in the interaction volume, which is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the receiver. We find that small beam diameters (less than 100  μm) lead to much faster responses and allow for color reception. We demonstrate the effect of the beam size on bandwidth by receiving a live 480i video stream with the Rydberg atom receiver. The best video reception was achieved with a beam width of [Formula: see text]m full-width at half-max.
我们展示了使用Rydberg原子接收器接收现场彩色模拟电视和视频游戏信号的能力。传统480i国家电视标准委员会格式视频信号的典型信号需要超过3的带宽 MHz。我们确定了里德伯原子接收这种信号所需的光束大小、功率和检测方法。光束大小影响原子在相互作用体积中停留的平均时间,这与接收器的带宽成反比。我们发现小光束直径(小于100  μm)导致更快的响应并允许颜色接收。我们通过用Rydberg原子接收器接收480i的实时视频流来演示波束大小对带宽的影响。最佳视频接收是在半最大时波束宽度为[公式:见正文]m的情况下实现的。
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引用次数: 16
Mesoscopic quantum thermo-mechanics: A new frontier of experimental physics 介观量子热力学:实验物理学的新前沿
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-20 DOI: 10.1116/5.0086059
E. Collin
In the last decade, experimentalists have demonstrated their impressive ability to control mechanical modes within mesoscopic objects down to the quantum level: it is now possible to create mechanical Fock states, to entangle mechanical modes from distinct objects, and to store quantum information or transfer it from one quantum bit to another, among the many possibilities found in today's literature. Indeed, mechanics is quantum, very much like spins or electromagnetic degrees of freedom; and all of this is, in particular, referred to as a new engineering resource for quantum technologies. However, there is also much more beyond this utilitarian aspect: invoking the original discussions of Braginsky and Caves, where a quantum oscillator is thought of as a quantum detector for a classical field, namely, a gravitational wave, which is also a unique sensing capability for quantum fields. The subject of study is then the baths to which the mechanical mode is coupled to, let them be known or unknown in nature. This Perspective is about this new potentiality that addresses stochastic thermodynamics, potentially down to its quantum version, the search for a fundamental underlying (random) field postulated in recent theories that can be affiliated to the class of the wave-function collapse models, and more generally open questions of condensed matter like the actual nature of the elusive (and ubiquitous) two-level systems present within all mechanical objects. However, such research turns out to be much more demanding than the use of a few quantum mechanical modes: all the known baths have to be identified, experiments have to be conducted in-equilibrium, and the word “mechanics” needs to be justified by a real ability to move substantially the center-of-mass when a proper drive tone is applied to the system.
在过去的十年里,实验者已经证明了他们控制介观物体内机械模式到量子水平的令人印象深刻的能力:现在可以创建机械Fock态,纠缠不同物体的机械模式,并存储量子信息或将其从一个量子位传输到另一个量子点,在当今文学中发现的许多可能性中。事实上,力学是量子的,非常像自旋或电磁自由度;所有这些,尤其被称为量子技术的新工程资源。然而,除了这一实用性方面之外,还有更多的东西:援引Braginsky和Caves最初的讨论,量子振荡器被认为是经典场的量子探测器,即引力波,这也是量子场独特的传感能力。然后研究的主题是与机械模式耦合的浴缸,让它们在自然界中为人所知或未知。这一观点是关于这种新的潜力,它解决了随机热力学,可能一直到它的量子版本,即寻找最新理论中假设的基本的(随机)场,该场可以属于波函数坍缩模型,以及更普遍的关于凝聚态的开放性问题,比如存在于所有机械物体中的难以捉摸(和普遍存在)的二能级系统的实际性质。然而,事实证明,这样的研究比使用几种量子力学模式要求更高:所有已知的浴都必须被识别,实验必须在平衡状态下进行,当对系统施加适当的驱动音调时,“力学”一词需要通过实质上移动质心的真正能力来证明。
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引用次数: 3
Gravitational time dilation in extended quantum systems: The case of light clocks in Schwarzschild spacetime 扩展量子系统中的引力时间膨胀:史瓦西时空中的光钟
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-16 DOI: 10.1116/5.0123228
Tupac Bravo, D. Rätzel, I. Fuentes
The precision of optical atomic clocks is approaching a regime where they resolve gravitational time dilation on smaller scales than their own extensions. Hence, an accurate description of quantum clocks has to take their spatial extension into account. In this article, as a first step toward a fully relativistic description of extended quantum clocks, we investigate a quantized version of Einstein's light clock fixed at a constant distance from a large massive object like the Earth. The model consists of a quantum light field in a one-dimensional cavity in Schwarzschild spacetime, where the distance between the mirrors is fixed by a rigid rod. By comparing a vertical and a horizontal clock, we propose an operational way to define the clock time when the clock resolves gravitational time dilation on scales smaller than its extension. In particular, we show that the time measured by the vertical light clock is equivalent to the proper time defined at its center. We also derive fundamental bounds on the precision of these clocks for measurements of proper time and the Schwarzschild radius.
光学原子钟的精度正在接近一种状态,即它们在比自身扩展更小的尺度上解决引力时间膨胀。因此,对量子钟的精确描述必须考虑到它们的空间扩展。在本文中,作为对扩展量子钟进行完全相对论性描述的第一步,我们研究了爱因斯坦光钟的量子化版本,光钟固定在与地球等大质量物体的恒定距离上。该模型由史瓦西时空中一维腔中的量子光场组成,其中镜子之间的距离由刚性杆固定。通过比较垂直时钟和水平时钟,我们提出了一种定义时钟时间的操作方法,当时钟在小于其扩展的尺度上解决引力时间膨胀时。特别地,我们证明了由垂直光钟测量的时间与在其中心定义的固有时是等价的。我们还推导了这些时钟测量固有时和史瓦西半径精度的基本界限。
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引用次数: 1
Position fixing with cold atom gravity gradiometers 用冷原子重力梯度仪定位
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-11 DOI: 10.1116/5.0095677
Alexander M. Phillips, M. J. Wright, I. Riou, S. Maddox, S. Maskell, J. Ralph
This paper proposes a position fixing method for autonomous navigation using partial gravity gradient solutions from cold atom interferometers. Cold atom quantum sensors can provide ultra-precise measurements of inertial quantities, such as acceleration and rotation rates. However, we investigate the use of pairs of cold atom interferometers to measure the local gravity gradient and to provide position information by referencing these measurements against a suitable database. Simulating the motion of a vehicle, we use partial gravity gradient measurements to reduce the positional drift associated with inertial navigation systems. Using standard open source global gravity databases, we show stable navigation solutions for trajectories of over 1000 km.
本文提出了一种利用冷原子干涉仪的偏重力梯度解进行自主导航的定位方法。冷原子量子传感器可以提供惯性量的超精确测量,如加速度和旋转速率。然而,我们研究了使用成对的冷原子干涉仪来测量局部重力梯度,并通过参考合适的数据库来提供位置信息。模拟车辆的运动,我们使用局部重力梯度测量来减少与惯性导航系统相关的位置漂移。使用标准的开源全球重力数据库,我们展示了1000多条轨道的稳定导航解决方案 公里。
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引用次数: 5
Trapping a free-propagating single-photon into an atomic ensemble as a quantum stationary light pulse 将自由传播的单光子作为量子静止光脉冲捕获到原子系综中
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1116/5.0093545
U. Kim, Y. Ihn, Chung-Hyun Lee, Yoon-Ho Kim
Efficient photon–photon interaction is one of the key elements for realizing quantum information processing. The interaction, however, must often be mediated through an atomic medium due to the bosonic nature of photons, and the interaction time, which is critically linked to the efficiency, depends on the properties of the atom–photon interaction. While the electromagnetically induced transparency effect does offer the possibility of photonic quantum memory, it does not enhance the interaction time as it fully maps the photonic state to an atomic state. The stationary light pulse (SLP) effect, on the contrary, traps the photonic state inside an atomic medium with zero group velocity, opening up the possibility of enhanced interaction time. In this work, we report the first experimental demonstration of trapping a free-propagating single-photon into a cold atomic ensemble via the quantum SLP (QSLP) process. We conclusively show that the quantum properties of the single-photon state are preserved well during the QSLP process. Our work paves the way for new approaches for efficient photon–photon interactions, exotic photonic states, and many-body simulations in photonic systems.
有效的光子-光子相互作用是实现量子信息处理的关键因素之一。然而,由于光子的玻色子性质,相互作用必须经常通过原子介质进行调解,而与效率密切相关的相互作用时间取决于原子-光子相互作用的性质。虽然电磁感应透明效应确实提供了光子量子记忆的可能性,但它并没有增加相互作用时间,因为它完全将光子态映射到原子态。相反,静止光脉冲(SLP)效应将光子态困在群速度为零的原子介质中,从而开启了增强相互作用时间的可能性。在这项工作中,我们报告了通过量子SLP (QSLP)过程将自由传播的单光子捕获到冷原子系综中的第一个实验演示。我们最终证明,在QSLP过程中,单光子态的量子特性得到了很好的保留。我们的工作为有效的光子-光子相互作用、奇异光子态和光子系统中的多体模拟的新方法铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 3
Comparison of two multiplexed portable cold-atom vacuum standards 两种多路便携式冷原子真空标准的比较
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-07 DOI: 10.1116/5.0095011
L. Ehinger, B. Acharya, D. Barker, J. Fedchak, J. Scherschligt, E. Tiesinga, S. Eckel
We compare the vacuum measured by two portable cold-atom vacuum standards (pCAVSs) based on ultracold 7Li atoms. pCAVSs are quantum-based standards that use a priori scattering calculations to convert a measured loss rate of cold atoms from a conservative trap into a background gas pressure. Our pCAVS devices share the same laser system and measure the vacuum concurrently. The two pCAVSs together detected a leak with a rate on the order of [Formula: see text] Pa l/s. After fixing the leak, the pCAVS measured pressure of about 40 nPa with 2.6% uncertainty. The two pCAVSs agree within their uncertainties, even when swapping some of their component parts. Operation of the pCAVS was found to cause some additional outgassing, on the order of [Formula: see text] Pa l/s, which can be mitigated in the future by better thermal management.
我们比较了两种基于超冷7Li原子的便携式冷原子真空标准(pcavs)测量的真空。pcavs是基于量子的标准,它使用先验散射计算将测量到的冷原子损失率从保守阱转换为背景气体压力。我们的pCAVS设备共享同一个激光系统,并同时测量真空。两个pcav一起检测到泄漏,其速率为[公式:见文本]Pa l/s。修复泄漏后,pCAVS测量的压力约为40 nPa,不确定度为2.6%。这两个pcav在它们的不确定性范围内是一致的,即使在交换它们的一些组成部分时也是如此。研究发现,pavs的运行会导致一些额外的排气,排气量约为Pa l/s,未来可以通过更好的热管理来缓解。
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引用次数: 6
A product picture for quantum electrodynamics 量子电动力学的乘积图
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-04-03 DOI: 10.1116/5.0085813
B. S. Kay
We present a short account of our work to provide quantum electrodynamics (QED) with a product picture. We aim to complement the longer exposition in a recent paper in Foundations of Physics and to help to make that work more accessible. The product picture is a formulation of QED, equivalent to standard Coulomb gauge QED, in which the Hilbert space arises as (a certain physical subspace of) a product of a Hilbert space for the electromagnetic field and a Hilbert space for charged matter (i.e., the Dirac field) and the Hamiltonian arises as the sum of an electromagnetic Hamiltonian, a charged matter Hamiltonian, and an interaction term. (The Coulomb gauge formulation of QED is not a product picture because, in it, the longitudinal part of the electromagnetic field is made out of charged matter operators.) We also recall a “Contradictory Commutator Theorem” for QED, which exposes flaws in previous attempts at temporal gauge quantization of QED, and we explain how our product picture appears to offer a way to overcome those flaws. Additionally, we discuss the extent to which that theorem may be generalized to Yang–Mills fields. We also develop a product picture for nonrelativistic charged particles in interaction with the electromagnetic field and point out how this leads to a novel way of thinking about the theory of many nonrelativistic electrically charged particles with Coulomb interactions. In an afterword, we explain how the provision of a product picture for QED gives hope that one will be able likewise to have a product picture for (Yang Mills and for) quantum gravity—the latter being needed to make sense of the author's matter-gravity entanglement hypothesis. Also, we briefly discuss some similarities and differences between that hypothesis and its predictions and ideas of Roger Penrose related to a possible role of gravity in quantum state reduction and related to cosmological entropy.
我们简要介绍了我们的工作,以提供量子电动力学(QED)的产品图片。我们的目标是补充最近在《物理学基础》上发表的一篇论文中的较长论述,并帮助使这项工作更容易获得。乘积图是QED的一个公式,等价于标准库仑规范QED,其中希尔伯特空间作为电磁场的希尔伯特空间和带电物质(即狄拉克场)的Hilbert空间的乘积(的某个物理子空间)产生,哈密顿量作为电磁哈密顿量、带电物质哈密顿量,以及交互项。(QED的库仑规范公式不是一个乘积图,因为在它中,电磁场的纵向部分是由带电物质算符组成的。)我们还记得QED的“矛盾交换子定理”,它暴露了以前QED的时间规范量化尝试中的缺陷,我们解释了我们的产品图片是如何提供克服这些缺陷的方法的。此外,我们还讨论了该定理可以推广到杨-米尔斯域的程度。我们还开发了与电磁场相互作用的非相对论带电粒子的乘积图,并指出这如何导致对具有库仑相互作用的许多非相对论电荷粒子理论的一种新的思考方式。在后记中,我们解释了为QED提供乘积图是如何给人们带来希望的,即人们将能够同样获得(杨·米尔斯和)量子引力的乘积图——后者是理解作者的物质-引力纠缠假说所必需的。此外,我们还简要讨论了这一假设与罗杰·彭罗斯的预测和想法之间的一些异同,这些预测和想法与引力在量子态还原中的可能作用有关,也与宇宙学熵有关。
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引用次数: 3
Curvature without metric: the Penrose construction for half-flat pp-waves 无度规曲率:半平pp波的彭罗斯构造
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1116/5.0074308
P. Aichelburg, H. Balasin
We derive the Penrose data for half-flat pp-waves and extend his original construction for the Weyl spinor of plane waves in terms of these data.
我们导出了半平面pp波的Penrose数据,并根据这些数据扩展了他对平面波的Weyl旋量的原始构造。
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引用次数: 1
Directional detection of dark matter using solid-state quantum sensing 利用固态量子传感的暗物质定向探测
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-11 DOI: 10.1116/5.0117301
R. Ebadi, M. C. Marshall, D. Phillips, Johannes W. Cremer, T. Zhou, Michael Titze, P. Kehayias, M. Saleh Ziabari, N. Delegan, S. Rajendran, A. Sushkov, F. Heremans, E. Bielejec, M. Holt, R. Walsworth
Next-generation dark matter (DM) detectors searching for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) will be sensitive to coherent scattering from solar neutrinos, demanding an efficient background-signal discrimination tool. Directional detectors improve sensitivity to WIMP DM despite the irreducible neutrino background. Wide-bandgap semiconductors offer a path to directional detection in a high-density target material. A detector of this type operates in a hybrid mode. The WIMP or neutrino-induced nuclear recoil is detected using real-time charge, phonon, or photon collection. The directional signal, however, is imprinted as a durable sub-micron damage track in the lattice structure. This directional signal can be read out by a variety of atomic physics techniques, from point defect quantum sensing to x-ray microscopy. In this Review, we present the detector principle as well as the status of the experimental techniques required for directional readout of nuclear recoil tracks. Specifically, we focus on diamond as a target material; it is both a leading platform for emerging quantum technologies and a promising component of next-generation semiconductor electronics. Based on the development and demonstration of directional readout in diamond over the next decade, a future WIMP detector will leverage or motivate advances in multiple disciplines toward precision dark matter and neutrino physics.
寻找弱相互作用大质量粒子(wimp)的下一代暗物质(DM)探测器将对来自太阳中微子的相干散射敏感,这需要一种有效的背景信号识别工具。尽管存在不可约的中微子背景,定向探测器提高了对WIMP DM的灵敏度。宽带隙半导体为高密度靶材料的定向检测提供了一条途径。这种类型的检测器以混合模式工作。使用实时电荷、声子或光子收集来检测WIMP或中微子诱导的核反冲。然而,定向信号作为持久的亚微米损伤轨迹印在晶格结构中。这种方向信号可以通过各种原子物理技术读出,从点缺陷量子传感到x射线显微镜。本文介绍了核反冲轨迹定向读出的探测器原理和实验技术现状。具体来说,我们专注于钻石作为目标材料;它既是新兴量子技术的领先平台,也是下一代半导体电子产品的重要组成部分。未来十年,基于金刚石定向读出的发展和演示,未来的WIMP探测器将利用或推动多个学科在精确暗物质和中微子物理方面的进步。
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引用次数: 13
The Penrose process in nonlinear optics 非线性光学中的彭罗斯过程
Q2 QUANTUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.1116/5.0073218
M. C. Braidotti, Francesco Marino, E. Wright, D. Faccio
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引用次数: 1
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AVS quantum science
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