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DEVELOPING PRESERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE THROUGH REFLECTION ON LESSON PLANNING 通过教案反思发展职前科学教师的教学内容知识
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end019
Lydia Mavuru
Reflection is one of the subjects most discussed in teacher development. Despite its importance in improving teacher practices, reflection has been found to be contentious amongst teachers who battle with high workload and the need to complete the curriculum in time for examinations. Thus, said reflection can be viewed as a chore to most teachers particularly preservice teachers who not only need to master the pedagogical knowledge and subject matter knowledge but also classroom management techniques amongst other skills. The current paper reports on a study on how lesson planning was used as a tool to develop preservice teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge through reflection. In a qualitative case study, 50 Bachelor of Education Life Sciences students in their final year of study were each tasked to identify their ‘best’ lesson plan and ‘worst’ lesson plan and critically reflect on why they considered the lesson plans that way. These lesson plans had been designed and taught in schools during schoolwork experience (herein referred to as work integrated learning (WIL) in the first half of the year. Data was obtained from each participant’s submission of the two lesson plans and the reflection, which were then subjected to content analysis. The following aspects about lesson planning were considered: knowledge of the content to be taught, knowledge of the learners including classroom context, formulation of objectives, designing of teaching and learning strategies and activities, assessment opportunities, planning for technology use, and the student’s ability to realise good and bad practices in lesson planning. Thereafter they were tasked to plan and teach in their last seven weeks of WIL. The findings showed how the preservice teachers were determined to improve their lesson planning as they included in their reflections how they could plan and teach the same lesson differently including the so-called best lesson plan. Preservice teachers used words such as deficit, unstructured, misaligned, unattainable, not well thought out, to critique their lesson plans. Creativity as an aspect of the teacher skills set was evident in the way these 21st century teachers conceptualised how science should be taught. There were however some who failed to identify obvious weaknesses or strengths in their lessons plans, which showed stagnancy in development. The findings provide implications for teacher professional development practices
反思是教师发展中讨论最多的主题之一。尽管反思在改善教师实践方面很重要,但在工作量大、需要及时完成考试课程的教师中,反思被发现存在争议。因此,对于大多数教师来说,反思是一件苦差事,尤其是职前教师,他们不仅需要掌握教学知识和学科知识,还需要掌握课堂管理技巧和其他技能。本文研究了如何利用教案作为工具,通过反思来发展职前教师的教学内容知识。在一项定性案例研究中,50名教育生命科学学士学位学生在他们最后一年的学习中,每个人都被要求确定他们“最好”的课程计划和“最差”的课程计划,并批判性地反思他们为什么这样考虑课程计划。这些课程计划是在上半年的学校作业体验中设计和教授的(这里称为工作整合学习(work integrated learning, WIL))。从每位参与者提交的两份教案和反思中获得数据,然后对其进行内容分析。课程规划的以下几个方面被考虑:要教授的内容的知识,学习者的知识,包括课堂环境,目标的制定,教学策略和活动的设计,评估机会,技术使用的计划,以及学生在课程规划中认识到好的和坏的做法的能力。此后,他们的任务是在他们最后七周的WIL课程中进行计划和教学。调查结果显示了职前教师如何决心改进他们的课程计划,因为他们在反思中考虑了如何以不同的方式计划和教授同一节课,包括所谓的最佳课程计划。职前教师用赤字、无结构、不协调、难以实现、没有经过深思熟虑等词来批评他们的教案。创造力作为教师技能的一个方面,在这些21世纪的教师对如何教授科学进行概念化的方式中表现得很明显。然而,也有一些学生在教学计划中没有发现明显的弱点或优势,这表明他们的发展停滞不前。研究结果为教师专业发展实践提供了启示
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引用次数: 0
ANALYSIS, MODELING AND CONTROL OF POWER ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS AND THEIR SIMULATION AS AN EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT 电力电子系统的分析、建模和控制及其仿真教学支持
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end096
Juraj Šimko, Michal Praženica, R. Koňarik
Power semiconductor devices are frequently used in contemporary world. They are used in all areas of everyday life and industrial applications. Thanks to this fact, it is necessary for current and new professionals to be trained and educated in the given theory. Part of this theory, in which our students are educated is the state space analysis of power systems, which represents their mathematical descriptions. Therefore, we created multiple simulation models of many power electronic systems. These models are used by students to verify the correctness of the performed state space analysis of the systems and to compare their results with classical circuit wiring diagram. The aim of such a simulation models is to introduce students to the variety of possibilities to analyze power electronic systems, understanding of their functionality, and also their open loop or closed loop control. There are also other benefits, like deeper understanding of mathematical skills. This paper describes multiple simulation models (topologies) of power systems, their analysis and control.
功率半导体器件是当今世界广泛使用的器件。它们用于日常生活和工业应用的各个领域。由于这一事实,有必要对现有和新的专业人员进行给定理论的培训和教育。这个理论的一部分,我们的学生所学习的是电力系统的状态空间分析,它代表了它们的数学描述。因此,我们建立了多个电力电子系统的仿真模型。这些模型被学生用来验证所执行的系统状态空间分析的正确性,并将其结果与经典电路接线图进行比较。这样一个仿真模型的目的是向学生介绍各种可能性来分析电力电子系统,了解他们的功能,以及他们的开环或闭环控制。还有其他好处,比如加深对数学技能的理解。本文介绍了电力系统的多种仿真模型(拓扑)及其分析和控制。
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引用次数: 0
REVIEWING THE LITERATURE ON THE INTERPLAY OF CREATIVITY AND CRITICAL THINKING IN EDUCATION 回顾有关创造力和批判性思维在教育中的相互作用的文献
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end138
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引用次数: 0
RESPONSE TO INTERVENTION (RTI) PROGRAM FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN FIRST-YEAR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 小学一年级执行功能发展的反应干预计划
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end112
Graziele Kerges-Alcantara, S. Capellini
Objectives: To develop a second-tier Response to Intervention (RTI) program for the development of executive functions in first-year elementary school students and to analyze the clinical significance of the program via a pilot study. Method: The work was carried out in two phases: elaboration and application of the RTI program; followed by a clinical significance analysis of the children’s performance in pre and post-test situations. Participants: The initial sample comprised 71 children (age from 6 years to 6 years and 11 months, of both sexes) from two public schools (groups GI and GII). These were submitted to a pre-assessment protocol: Attention Screening Test by digit cancellation; Five Digit Test; Digit Span subtest, Track Testing, and Protocol for Early Identification of Reading Problems. Risk for difficulty in executive function was presented by 18/37 of the participants that completed the pre-assessment protocol and these were selected for the intervention program. Results: There was a reliable improvement in the components of executive function inhibition, working memory and alternation, for some children and in rhyme identification tasks, phoneme production, and phonological working memory, although the program does not focus on its development. Conclusion: The program we elaborated demonstrated applicability and can be used by educational speech therapists, school psychologists and educators as a scientific evidence-based intervention tool to support the development of executive functions in second-tier RTI programs.
目的:为小学一年级学生的执行功能发展制定二级干预反应(RTI)计划,并通过试点研究分析该计划的临床意义。方法:分RTI方案的制定与应用两个阶段进行;然后对儿童在测试前和测试后的表现进行临床意义分析。参与者:最初的样本包括来自两所公立学校(GI组和GII组)的71名儿童(年龄从6岁到6岁零11个月不等,男女皆有)。这些被提交给一个预评估方案:注意筛选测试通过数字取消;五位数测试;数字跨度子测试,跟踪测试,以及早期识别阅读问题的协议。完成预评估方案的参与者中,有18/37的人存在执行功能困难的风险,这些人被选中参加干预计划。结果:在部分儿童的执行功能抑制、工作记忆和交替的组成部分以及押韵识别任务、音素产生和语音工作记忆方面有可靠的改善,尽管该计划并未侧重于其发展。结论:我们所阐述的程序具有适用性,可以被教育语言治疗师、学校心理学家和教育工作者作为一种基于科学证据的干预工具来支持二级RTI项目中执行功能的发展。
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引用次数: 0
INSPIRATION FOR PRESCHOOL TEACHERS: CONTENT ANALYSIS OF CZECH FACEBOOK GROUP 对幼儿教师的启示:捷克facebook群内容分析
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end069
M. Dědičová
According to Britannica Dictionary inspiration is: “something that makes someone want to do something or that gives someone an idea about what to do or create” (@2023). Inspiration is one of the most important things in the teaching profession, teachers are always looking for new inspiration and ideas, what to do in their classrooms. And when the teachers lack inspiration, they try to find it, not in the books anymore, but on the internet. In this study the content of the biggest Czech Facebook group for preschool teacher “Inspiration for preschool teachers” (nearly 40 000 members) was analyzed. Because according to the Czech Statistical Office (2022) there are only 33 156 preschool teachers in the Czech Republic, only the posts that were clearly from preschool teachers were included in this research. The main goal was to identify what kind of inspiration the teachers are looking for on Facebook, and what kind of inspiration are the teachers sharing in this group. From 623 posts (month and a half of posts) the following themes and characteristics were identified: Planning (activities in general, songs, fairy tales & rhymes, art, movement games, group activities, literacy, dramatization, math and themes). Equipment (art supplies, IT supplies, decorations, furniture, specific pictures or books), External programmes; Education. With the most common theme being questions about planning, specifically activities in general, when the teachers have a given theme and are asking for any activity related to this theme. From the second research question “what kind of inspiration are the teachers sharing” were following themes and categories identified: Activities (art, math, literacy, inquiry-based learning, movement activities, graphomotoric, dramatization, polytechnic, group activities, songs). Education; External programmes, Materials and Decorations.
根据《大英百科词典》的解释,灵感是:“让某人想做某事的东西,或者给某人一个做什么或创造什么的想法”(@2023)。灵感是教学职业中最重要的事情之一,教师总是在寻找新的灵感和想法,在他们的课堂上做什么。当老师们缺乏灵感时,他们就会去寻找灵感,不再是在书本上,而是在互联网上。本研究对捷克最大的幼儿园教师Facebook群“Inspiration for preschool teachers”(近4万成员)的内容进行了分析。因为根据捷克统计局(2022)的数据,捷克共和国只有33 156名幼儿教师,所以只有明确来自幼儿教师的职位被纳入本研究。主要目的是确定教师在Facebook上寻找什么样的灵感,以及教师在这个小组中分享什么样的灵感。从623篇帖子(一个半月的帖子)中,我们发现了以下主题和特征:策划(一般活动,歌曲,童话和押韵,艺术,动作游戏,小组活动,识字,戏剧,数学和主题)。设备(美术用品、IT用品、装饰品、家具、特定图片或书籍)、外部课程;教育。最常见的主题是关于计划的问题,特别是一般的活动,当老师有一个给定的主题,并要求与这个主题相关的任何活动。从第二个研究问题“教师分享什么样的灵感”中,确定了以下主题和类别:活动(艺术,数学,识字,探究式学习,运动活动,文字,戏剧,理工,小组活动,歌曲)。教育;外部项目、材料和装饰。
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引用次数: 0
SONG-LEADING: AN OVERVIEW ON CONTRASTING DIDACTICS 导歌:对比教学法综述
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end123
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引用次数: 0
DRAMATIC PLAY AS A DEVELOPMENTAL MEANS OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN'S MOTOR CREATIVITY 戏剧游戏对学龄前儿童运动创造力的发展作用
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end141
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引用次数: 0
CODING FOR CHILDREN – A WAY TO FULFILL THE AIMS OF THE OECD LEARNING COMPASS 2030? 为儿童编写代码——实现经合组织2030年学习指南目标的一种方式?
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end063
Olaf Herden
In recent years two kind of publications were observable: On the one hand, there were many contributions arguing why every child should learn to code. Beside fascinating and motivating children for STEM (Science Technology Engineering Mathematics) topics and giving a good career preparation, coding also can strengthen general skills like e.g. resilience, creativity and organization. On the other hand, there exist several publications by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) describing future skills for children as well as issues of future education and work. Particularly the OECD has developed the “OECD Learning Compass 2030”. This work is divided into several concepts. Each concept describes different skills being relevant for the children future. In this contribution, we want to compare, contrast and merge these two fields of publications. Therefore, we examine an extensive literature review and give an overview about skills that can be imparted by teaching children to code. Then we take a look at OECD’s compass and general skills. Therefore, we analyze the publications of OECD and apply text extraction to get relevant keywords of skills. Subsequently, we compare the coding skills with the OECD skills and look which aspects of the OECD compass can be fulfilled by teaching to code. As a result, we can note that attaining many of the OECD future skills can be supported by teaching children to code. We also have identified which skills cannot covered by coding resp. which additional benefits knowledge in coding offers. The paper concludes with a summary and an outlook. Future tasks are, e.g. examine at which age children should start learning to code, which are appropriate ways to teach and learn coding or concerning the question whether coding education should be realized as an one-size-fits-all approach or by applying internal differentiation.
近年来,有两种出版物值得注意:一方面,有许多关于为什么每个孩子都应该学习编程的文章。除了吸引和激励孩子们学习STEM(科学技术工程数学)主题,并为他们的职业生涯做好准备外,编码还可以增强一般技能,如韧性、创造力和组织能力。另一方面,经合组织(经济合作与发展组织)有几份出版物描述了儿童未来的技能以及未来的教育和工作问题。特别是经合组织制定了“经合组织2030年学习指南”。这项工作分为几个概念。每个概念都描述了与孩子未来相关的不同技能。在这篇文章中,我们想要比较、对比和合并这两个领域的出版物。因此,我们进行了广泛的文献综述,并概述了通过教孩子编程可以传授的技能。然后我们来看看经合组织的指南和一般技能。因此,我们对OECD的出版物进行分析,并采用文本提取的方法得到相关的技能关键词。随后,我们将编码技能与经合组织的技能进行比较,看看经合组织指南针的哪些方面可以通过编码教学来实现。因此,我们可以注意到,通过教孩子编程,可以帮助他们获得经合组织的许多未来技能。我们还确定了哪些技能不能被编码人员覆盖。编码知识提供了哪些额外的好处。最后对全文进行了总结和展望。未来的任务是,例如检查儿童应该在什么年龄开始学习编码,哪些是教和学习编码的合适方法,或者考虑编码教育是应该采用一刀切的方法还是采用内部分化的方法来实现的问题。
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引用次数: 0
LEARNING TO TEACH: AN EVALUATION OF THE PREPARATION OF DOCTORAL STUDENTS TO LEAD THEIR OWN TEACHING 学习教学:准备评价博士生带领自己的教学
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end022
Studying in doctoral study programmes of universities is quite often based on individual study plans of PhD students, under the guidance of a supervisor, or with the participation of a consultant. The main content of such studies is systematic creative scientific work with an emphasis on the topic of the dissertation. However, among other things, students usually participate in the management and preparation of teaching in bachelor or master study programmes to the required extent as a part of the study plan. Therefore, it is quite common for the students to teach on top of undertaking their research, and for this teaching practice, they should be provided with quality training on how to teach. In this context, the paper focuses on the multidisciplinary course “Didactic and Presentation Skills” for students of doctoral study programmes of one of the public universities in the Czech Republic. The course mainly covers the basics of university teaching, psychology and other areas that develop didactic and presentation skills of university members as often some will remain at the university in the positions of junior academics and scientists. In addition to the theoretical fundamentals, considerable space is devoted to seminars with video training of skills with their analysis and self-reflection. The aim of the paper is to introduce the current experience of the university institute of a Czech university with the development of doctoral students' competences needed for teaching. Furthermore, the results of the course evaluation in the academic year 2021/2022 from the perspective of doctoral students are presented. Among the topics provided, the respondents themselves attach the greatest weight to practical seminars on didactic and presentation skills, which they put in first place. Theory of communication and presentation skills and educational evaluation and educometrics are also considered essential by respondents, closely followed by the use of digital technologies in education, university pedagogy, psychological aspects of teaching, and activation methods. The study confirms the importance of preparing novice PhD students to adapt in teaching, to feel comfortable in a large auditorium, and to be confident in various situations that may happen at any time.
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引用次数: 0
RECOMPOSITION AND PHOTOMONTAGE AS A STIMULUS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY IN TEACHING VISUAL ARTS 在视觉艺术教学中,重组和蒙太奇对创造力发展的刺激
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end044
Marija Brajčić, Dubravka Kuščević
Recomposition and photomontage are an integral part of contemporary art and should be implemented in the contemporary teaching of Visual Arts. This paper aimed to determine whether the use of recomposition and photomontage in Visual Arts classes stimulates student creativity. The research was carried out from 2019 to 2022 among students at the Department of Teacher Education and the Department of Preschool Education at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Split, who applied the methods of recomposition and photomontage in Visual Arts classes. The research was qualitative, with the use of observation method and descriptive method, and a total of 133 students participated in the research. The resulting artworks were divided into groups according to the degree of creativity that the students expressed in those works. After the research, it was concluded that the use of recomposition and photomontage stimulated student creativity. However, a significantly greater degree of freedom could have been reached in terms of combining, using imagination and creating new ideas.
重组和蒙太奇是当代艺术的组成部分,应在当代视觉艺术教学中加以实施。本文旨在确定在视觉艺术课程中使用重组和蒙太奇是否能激发学生的创造力。该研究于2019年至2022年在斯普利特人文社会科学学院教师教育系和学前教育系的学生中进行,他们在视觉艺术课程中应用了重组和蒙太奇的方法。本研究为定性研究,采用观察法和描述法,共有133名学生参与研究。根据学生们在作品中表达的创造力程度,最终的作品被分成了几组。经过研究,得出的结论是,使用重组和蒙太奇激发了学生的创造力。然而,在组合、运用想象力和创造新想法方面,可以达到更大程度的自由。
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引用次数: 0
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Education and new developments
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