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UNCOVERING A PRESUMPTIVE LEARNING PROGRESSION ON ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM: A CASE STUDY OF MEANINGFUL SCIENCE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SOUTH AFRICAN HIGH SCHOOLS 揭示电学和磁学的假定学习进展:南非高中有意义的科学教学案例研究
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end137
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引用次数: 0
DEVELOPING PRESERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS’ PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE THROUGH REFLECTION ON LESSON PLANNING 通过教案反思发展职前科学教师的教学内容知识
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end019
Lydia Mavuru
Reflection is one of the subjects most discussed in teacher development. Despite its importance in improving teacher practices, reflection has been found to be contentious amongst teachers who battle with high workload and the need to complete the curriculum in time for examinations. Thus, said reflection can be viewed as a chore to most teachers particularly preservice teachers who not only need to master the pedagogical knowledge and subject matter knowledge but also classroom management techniques amongst other skills. The current paper reports on a study on how lesson planning was used as a tool to develop preservice teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge through reflection. In a qualitative case study, 50 Bachelor of Education Life Sciences students in their final year of study were each tasked to identify their ‘best’ lesson plan and ‘worst’ lesson plan and critically reflect on why they considered the lesson plans that way. These lesson plans had been designed and taught in schools during schoolwork experience (herein referred to as work integrated learning (WIL) in the first half of the year. Data was obtained from each participant’s submission of the two lesson plans and the reflection, which were then subjected to content analysis. The following aspects about lesson planning were considered: knowledge of the content to be taught, knowledge of the learners including classroom context, formulation of objectives, designing of teaching and learning strategies and activities, assessment opportunities, planning for technology use, and the student’s ability to realise good and bad practices in lesson planning. Thereafter they were tasked to plan and teach in their last seven weeks of WIL. The findings showed how the preservice teachers were determined to improve their lesson planning as they included in their reflections how they could plan and teach the same lesson differently including the so-called best lesson plan. Preservice teachers used words such as deficit, unstructured, misaligned, unattainable, not well thought out, to critique their lesson plans. Creativity as an aspect of the teacher skills set was evident in the way these 21st century teachers conceptualised how science should be taught. There were however some who failed to identify obvious weaknesses or strengths in their lessons plans, which showed stagnancy in development. The findings provide implications for teacher professional development practices
反思是教师发展中讨论最多的主题之一。尽管反思在改善教师实践方面很重要,但在工作量大、需要及时完成考试课程的教师中,反思被发现存在争议。因此,对于大多数教师来说,反思是一件苦差事,尤其是职前教师,他们不仅需要掌握教学知识和学科知识,还需要掌握课堂管理技巧和其他技能。本文研究了如何利用教案作为工具,通过反思来发展职前教师的教学内容知识。在一项定性案例研究中,50名教育生命科学学士学位学生在他们最后一年的学习中,每个人都被要求确定他们“最好”的课程计划和“最差”的课程计划,并批判性地反思他们为什么这样考虑课程计划。这些课程计划是在上半年的学校作业体验中设计和教授的(这里称为工作整合学习(work integrated learning, WIL))。从每位参与者提交的两份教案和反思中获得数据,然后对其进行内容分析。课程规划的以下几个方面被考虑:要教授的内容的知识,学习者的知识,包括课堂环境,目标的制定,教学策略和活动的设计,评估机会,技术使用的计划,以及学生在课程规划中认识到好的和坏的做法的能力。此后,他们的任务是在他们最后七周的WIL课程中进行计划和教学。调查结果显示了职前教师如何决心改进他们的课程计划,因为他们在反思中考虑了如何以不同的方式计划和教授同一节课,包括所谓的最佳课程计划。职前教师用赤字、无结构、不协调、难以实现、没有经过深思熟虑等词来批评他们的教案。创造力作为教师技能的一个方面,在这些21世纪的教师对如何教授科学进行概念化的方式中表现得很明显。然而,也有一些学生在教学计划中没有发现明显的弱点或优势,这表明他们的发展停滞不前。研究结果为教师专业发展实践提供了启示
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引用次数: 0
THE RELATION BETWEEN PARENTS’ CHARACTERISTICS/PRACTICES AND CHILDREN’S EARLY LITERACY SKILLS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMICS COVID-19大流行期间父母的特征/做法与儿童早期识字技能的关系
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end095
J. F. Salles, Gabriella Koltermann, Érica Prates, Krás Borges
Relations between parental variables and children’s early literacy skills allow for preventive interventions and effective public policies in health and education. The present study aims to investigate the relation between parents’ characteristics (parental literacy expectations and attitudes, number of books at home) and parents’ practices (formal and informal literacy activities - shared book reading - and parental involvement) and children’s early literacy skills (word/pseudoword reading, spelling, knowledge of the alphabet, oral language) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Thirty-five first grade children aged between 6 and 7 years old (M = 6.29; SD = 0.45) from private Brazilian schools took part in this study. The number of books at home predicted 16% of the variance in shared book reading frequency between parents and children. Moderate positive correlations were found between shared book reading frequency and phonological awareness and oral language performances. Parental involvement was strongly correlated with pseudoword reading performance, word/pseudoword spelling, letter writing and phonological awareness. Shared book reading explained 16.5% of the variance in phonological awareness performance and 11.8% in oral language. Parental involvement explained 28% of the variance of children's performance in phonological awareness. Family practices, especially shared book reading and parental involvement in children’s learning processes seem to promote phonological awareness and oral language skills development during a period of school closures and remote teaching/learning. These metalinguistic and oral language skills are important predictors of success in learning to read and spelling and can therefore be promoted through parenting practices.
父母变量与儿童早期识字技能之间的关系使预防干预和有效的卫生和教育公共政策成为可能。本研究旨在调查在Covid-19大流行期间,父母的特征(父母读写能力的期望和态度、家里的书籍数量)和父母的做法(正式和非正式的读写能力活动——共同阅读书籍——以及父母的参与)与儿童早期读写能力(单词/伪单词阅读、拼写、字母知识、口语)之间的关系。6 ~ 7岁一年级儿童35名(M = 6.29;SD = 0.45)的学生参加了这项研究。家中书籍的数量预测了父母和孩子之间共享书籍阅读频率差异的16%。共同阅读频率与语音意识和口语表现之间存在中度正相关。父母的参与与孩子的假词阅读表现、单词/假词拼写、字母写作和语音意识密切相关。共同读书解释了16.5%的语音意识表现差异和11.8%的口语表现差异。父母参与解释了28%的儿童语音意识表现差异。在学校关闭和远程教学期间,家庭实践,特别是共同读书和父母参与儿童的学习过程似乎促进了语音意识和口语技能的发展。这些元语言和口语技能是学习阅读和拼写成功的重要预测因素,因此可以通过父母的做法来促进。
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引用次数: 0
MULTILINGUAL LEARNERS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THE ROLE OF ENGLISH AND SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGE ON NATURAL SCIENCES LEARNING 多语言学习者对英语和科学语言在自然科学学习中的作用的认知
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end117
Nishana Wilson, Lydia Mavuru
South Africa has eleven official languages, and yet only two languages, English and Afrikaans are the Languages of Learning and Teaching (LoLT) in schools. Language is important in shaping the learning and teaching environment in a classroom. Teaching Natural Sciences in English in a multilingual classroom can be challenging when learners are not proficient in the language of LoLT. That complexity is exacerbated by the nature of scientific language which is designed and considered to be academic concise, precise, and authoritative, making scientific concepts inaccessible to most learners. This is an unfortunate situation because in science classrooms, learners are expected to read, comprehend, write, articulate, and use English and subject-specific terminologies. The authors of the current paper argue that both English language and scientific language create a learning barrier for the learners whose home languages are different from English, the LoLT. It is against this background that the current study being reported herein sought to determine multilingual learners’ perceptions of the role of English language and scientific language in their learning of Natural Sciences. In a qualitative research design two grade 8 and 9 Natural Sciences classes and their teachers were selected from two high schools in township areas using purposive sampling technique. Data collection involved focus group interviews with learners and individual interviews with the teachers. Each teacher was observed once whilst teaching Natural Sciences to grade 8 or grade 9 classes. The qualitative data collected was subjected to content analysis and two main themes were obtained: 1. Learners’ perceptions that English language and scientific language limit their understanding of scientific concepts; and 2. Teachers’ assistance in mitigating challenges imposed by English language and scientific language experienced by English-second-language speakers. Learners from the two schools indicated that both English language which is their second or third language and scientific language imposed many challenges in their learning of Natural Sciences. These challenges included failure to read, write and understand Natural Sciences content. Those learners showed excitement at the prospect of learning science in their home languages as they were not comfortable with being taught in English. Teachers used code switching and hands on activities to mitigate language challenges in their classrooms. The study findings thus have implications for both curriculum policy implementation and continued teacher professional development
南非有11种官方语言,但只有英语和南非荷兰语两种语言是学校的学习和教学语言(LoLT)。语言在塑造课堂学习和教学环境中起着重要的作用。在多语言课堂上用英语教授自然科学可能是具有挑战性的,因为学习者不精通LoLT的语言。这种复杂性由于科学语言的本质而加剧,科学语言的设计和被认为是简洁、精确和权威的,这使得大多数学习者都无法理解科学概念。这是一种不幸的情况,因为在科学课堂上,学习者被期望阅读、理解、写作、表达和使用英语和特定学科的术语。本文的作者认为,英语语言和科学语言都对母语非英语的学习者造成了学习障碍。正是在这种背景下,本文报道的当前研究试图确定多语言学习者对英语语言和科学语言在他们学习自然科学中的作用的看法。在定性研究设计中,采用有目的抽样技术从乡镇地区的两所高中选择了两个8年级和9年级的自然科学班及其教师。数据收集包括对学习者的焦点小组访谈和对教师的个人访谈。每位老师在教授八年级或九年级的自然科学课程时都被观察了一次。对收集到的定性数据进行内容分析,得出两个主要主题:1。学习者认为英语语言和科学语言限制了他们对科学概念的理解;和2。教师在减轻英语为第二语言的人在英语语言和科学语言方面遇到的挑战方面的帮助。两所学校的学生表示,作为他们第二或第三语言的英语和科学语言都给他们的自然科学学习带来了许多挑战。这些挑战包括阅读、写作和理解自然科学内容的失败。这些学习者对用母语学习科学的前景表现出兴奋,因为他们不习惯用英语教学。教师们使用代码转换和动手活动来减轻课堂上的语言挑战。因此,研究结果对课程政策的实施和教师的持续专业发展都有启示意义
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引用次数: 0
AN ANALYSIS OF THE USE OF SIMULATION CENTERS IN THE TRAINING OF PRE-SERVICE AND NOVICE ENGLISH TEACHERS IN ISRAEL. WHAT MAKES THEM WORK WELL? 模拟中心在以色列职前和初级英语教师培训中的应用分析。是什么让它们运行良好?
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end009
Nicole Broder
Escalating rates of teacher attrition require teacher training programs to consider more contemporary training methods. Adapted from the medical and aviation fields, the concept of simulations is currently making an entry into the world of education. An international pioneer in this venture, Israel already has twenty simulation centers at its universities and teacher training colleges and has more in the planning stages. Through qualitative research methods, this study analyses the factors contributing to their success. It highlights benefits derived by teachers from experiences at simulation centers including, inter alia, heightened self-awareness leading to more successful interactions in the workplace. Numerous benefits, particularly for graduates entering the teaching profession, suggest that simulation center experiences should be necessary inclusions of teacher training programs around the world.
不断上升的教师流失率要求教师培训项目考虑更现代的培训方法。从医疗和航空领域改编,模拟的概念目前正在进入教育世界。作为这项事业的国际先驱,以色列已经在其大学和教师培训学院建立了20个模拟中心,还有更多正在规划阶段。本研究通过定性研究方法,分析了影响其成功的因素。它强调了教师从模拟中心的经验中获得的好处,其中包括,除其他外,提高自我意识,从而在工作场所进行更成功的互动。许多好处,特别是对进入教学行业的毕业生来说,表明模拟中心的经历应该是世界各地教师培训计划的必要内容。
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引用次数: 0
CAN THE ANALYSIS OF THE PLAY THE STREETCAR NAMED DESIRE BY TENNESSEE WILLIAMS THROUGH THE SOCIAL MODEL OF DISABILITY, ENCOURAGE THE DEVELOPMENT OFCRITICAL THINKING 通过分析田纳西·威廉姆斯的《欲望号有轨电车》这一残疾人的社会模式,能否鼓励批判性思维的发展
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end057
Izabela Potnar Mijić
Teaching and developing students' ability to think critically is highlighted as one of the tasks of modern education and a part of curricular documents in various countries. Teachers are expected to teach the students how, and not what to think, emphasizing the change of focus in modern education, whose demand becomes a critical reflection on the content of teaching, and not exclusively its adoption and reproduction. Tennessee Williams’s play The Streetcar Named Desire although written in 1947 is frequently staged in theatres all over the world. The plot depicts family and social relations and, among others, the destiny of Blanche, a character with anxiety disorder, an alcoholic, labelled sexually deviant, older, who instead of being supported by her family, ends up in a mental institution. The goal of this paper is to analyse the presentation of characters in the play through the social model of disability, the central thesis of which is: disability, that is physical or mental impairment, is undoubtedly a limitation of functionality for each individual; however, disability also arises because of social processes. The way the disability is presented in the play can be a basis for teaching understanding, empathy and tolerance as well as correct decision-making as the foundation of critical thinking.
培养和培养学生的批判性思维能力是现代教育的任务之一,也是各国课程文件的一部分。教师被要求教学生如何思考,而不是思考什么,强调了现代教育重心的转变,这种要求成为对教学内容的批判性反思,而不仅仅是对教学内容的采用和复制。田纳西·威廉姆斯的戏剧《欲望号街车》虽然写于1947年,但经常在世界各地的剧院上演。故事情节描绘了家庭和社会关系,以及布兰奇(Blanche)的命运。布兰奇是一个患有焦虑症、酗酒、被贴上性变态标签的老年人,她没有得到家人的支持,而是最终住进了精神病院。本文的目的是通过残疾的社会模型来分析剧中人物的表现,其中心论点是:残疾,即身体或精神上的损伤,无疑是对每个人功能的限制;然而,残疾也因社会进程而产生。残疾在剧中的表现方式可以成为教授理解、同情和宽容的基础,以及作为批判性思维基础的正确决策。
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引用次数: 0
COVID-19: RETHINKING THE SKILLS REQUIRED OF 21ST CENTURY EDUCATORS Covid-19:重新思考21世纪教育工作者所需的技能
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end125
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引用次数: 0
SIGNIFICANCE AND ATTITUDE OF TEACHING APPLIED MECHANICS CALCULATIONS IN CIVIL TECHNOLOGY: STUDENTS ANALOGY 土木工程应用力学计算教学的意义与态度:学生类比
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end106
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引用次数: 0
LEARNING TO TEACH: AN EVALUATION OF THE PREPARATION OF DOCTORAL STUDENTS TO LEAD THEIR OWN TEACHING 学习教学:准备评价博士生带领自己的教学
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end022
Studying in doctoral study programmes of universities is quite often based on individual study plans of PhD students, under the guidance of a supervisor, or with the participation of a consultant. The main content of such studies is systematic creative scientific work with an emphasis on the topic of the dissertation. However, among other things, students usually participate in the management and preparation of teaching in bachelor or master study programmes to the required extent as a part of the study plan. Therefore, it is quite common for the students to teach on top of undertaking their research, and for this teaching practice, they should be provided with quality training on how to teach. In this context, the paper focuses on the multidisciplinary course “Didactic and Presentation Skills” for students of doctoral study programmes of one of the public universities in the Czech Republic. The course mainly covers the basics of university teaching, psychology and other areas that develop didactic and presentation skills of university members as often some will remain at the university in the positions of junior academics and scientists. In addition to the theoretical fundamentals, considerable space is devoted to seminars with video training of skills with their analysis and self-reflection. The aim of the paper is to introduce the current experience of the university institute of a Czech university with the development of doctoral students' competences needed for teaching. Furthermore, the results of the course evaluation in the academic year 2021/2022 from the perspective of doctoral students are presented. Among the topics provided, the respondents themselves attach the greatest weight to practical seminars on didactic and presentation skills, which they put in first place. Theory of communication and presentation skills and educational evaluation and educometrics are also considered essential by respondents, closely followed by the use of digital technologies in education, university pedagogy, psychological aspects of teaching, and activation methods. The study confirms the importance of preparing novice PhD students to adapt in teaching, to feel comfortable in a large auditorium, and to be confident in various situations that may happen at any time.
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引用次数: 0
RECOMPOSITION AND PHOTOMONTAGE AS A STIMULUS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CREATIVITY IN TEACHING VISUAL ARTS 在视觉艺术教学中,重组和蒙太奇对创造力发展的刺激
Pub Date : 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.36315/2023v1end044
Marija Brajčić, Dubravka Kuščević
Recomposition and photomontage are an integral part of contemporary art and should be implemented in the contemporary teaching of Visual Arts. This paper aimed to determine whether the use of recomposition and photomontage in Visual Arts classes stimulates student creativity. The research was carried out from 2019 to 2022 among students at the Department of Teacher Education and the Department of Preschool Education at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences in Split, who applied the methods of recomposition and photomontage in Visual Arts classes. The research was qualitative, with the use of observation method and descriptive method, and a total of 133 students participated in the research. The resulting artworks were divided into groups according to the degree of creativity that the students expressed in those works. After the research, it was concluded that the use of recomposition and photomontage stimulated student creativity. However, a significantly greater degree of freedom could have been reached in terms of combining, using imagination and creating new ideas.
重组和蒙太奇是当代艺术的组成部分,应在当代视觉艺术教学中加以实施。本文旨在确定在视觉艺术课程中使用重组和蒙太奇是否能激发学生的创造力。该研究于2019年至2022年在斯普利特人文社会科学学院教师教育系和学前教育系的学生中进行,他们在视觉艺术课程中应用了重组和蒙太奇的方法。本研究为定性研究,采用观察法和描述法,共有133名学生参与研究。根据学生们在作品中表达的创造力程度,最终的作品被分成了几组。经过研究,得出的结论是,使用重组和蒙太奇激发了学生的创造力。然而,在组合、运用想象力和创造新想法方面,可以达到更大程度的自由。
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引用次数: 0
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Education and new developments
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