Pub Date : 2022-04-08DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100076
{"title":"Impact of Shift Work on Sleep and the Quality of Life of Healthcare Workers in Saudi Arabia","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2688-7460.100076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100076","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93553,"journal":{"name":"Family medicine and primary care -- open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44992048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-06DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100075
A. Almughamis, Abdulrahman Aljubair, Abdullah Alamro, Shatha Murrad, Mostafa Kofi
Introduction: Depression and anxiety disorders are frequent in postmenopausal women and have deleterious effects on their physical and mental health. No studies have so far been conducted to measure the prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety in postmenopausal women who attend Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety in postmenopausal women attending peripheral health centers of Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Arabic translations of the self-administered General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 were used to diagnose and grade the severity of anxiety and depression respectively. Results: We included 280 women aged 54.5+/-1.49 years. The estimated prevalence of depression and general anxiety disorder was 31.4% (88). 62 (22.1%) of the participants had both depression and anxiety. Physical activity [0.36(0.19-0.69)], diabetes mellitus [4.97(2.85-8.67)], and previously either depression or anxiety [3.86 (1.66-8.94), 2.48 (1.01-6.12)] were significant predictors of depression using logistic regression. Physical activity [0.20 (0.10-0.40)] and a history of depression or anxiety [3.31 (1.42-7.67), 3.54 (1.46-8.57)] were significant predictors of anxiety. Conclusion : There is a high burden of depression and anxiety in postmenopausal Saudi women. We suggest routine screening for mental illnesses and promotion of regular physical activity in postmenopausal women in Saudi Arabia, particularly those with diabetes, low levels of physical activity, and a history of mental illness.
{"title":"Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression and Anxiety in Postmenopausal Women Attending PHCs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. Almughamis, Abdulrahman Aljubair, Abdullah Alamro, Shatha Murrad, Mostafa Kofi","doi":"10.29011/2688-7460.100075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100075","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Depression and anxiety disorders are frequent in postmenopausal women and have deleterious effects on their physical and mental health. No studies have so far been conducted to measure the prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety in postmenopausal women who attend Primary Healthcare Centers (PHCs) in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to measure the prevalence and risk factors of depression and anxiety in postmenopausal women attending peripheral health centers of Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Arabic translations of the self-administered General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ)-9 were used to diagnose and grade the severity of anxiety and depression respectively. Results: We included 280 women aged 54.5+/-1.49 years. The estimated prevalence of depression and general anxiety disorder was 31.4% (88). 62 (22.1%) of the participants had both depression and anxiety. Physical activity [0.36(0.19-0.69)], diabetes mellitus [4.97(2.85-8.67)], and previously either depression or anxiety [3.86 (1.66-8.94), 2.48 (1.01-6.12)] were significant predictors of depression using logistic regression. Physical activity [0.20 (0.10-0.40)] and a history of depression or anxiety [3.31 (1.42-7.67), 3.54 (1.46-8.57)] were significant predictors of anxiety. Conclusion : There is a high burden of depression and anxiety in postmenopausal Saudi women. We suggest routine screening for mental illnesses and promotion of regular physical activity in postmenopausal women in Saudi Arabia, particularly those with diabetes, low levels of physical activity, and a history of mental illness.","PeriodicalId":93553,"journal":{"name":"Family medicine and primary care -- open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43343650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-01DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100074
M. Courtney, John B Chavez
is the Relationship among Actual Body Desired in Abstract Purpose: The aim of this research project was to gain a better understanding of a child’s perception of actual body image and desired body image compared to Body Mass Index (BMI). The study assessed the relationship among actual body image, desired body image, and BMI for the entire sample group and the subgroups of Hispanics and non-Hispanics. Design: A descriptive, correlational study of a convenience sample of children (n=80), ages 7 to 12 years old was conducted. Methodology: Using a standardized clinical protocol, demographic and growth measurement data were collected by trained clinic personnel with children who met project criteria. Clinic personnel obtained consent from parents and children, administered the Collins’ pictogram body images, and determined current school grade, insurance status, and free/reduced lunch program participation. The main research instrument was the two-question pictogram containing Collins’ seven gender specific child body pictogram/ silhouette figures of thin body image to an obese body image. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between actual body image, desired body image, and BMI. Findings: Among the total sample of 80 children, actual body image and BMI/percentile were significantly correlated (46%) as was actual body image with desired body image (35%). BMIs for overweight and obesity accounted for 40 percent of the entire sample of participants. In the sub-group of ethnicity, actual body image and BMI showed a significant association (rho 42%) in the Hispanic population. Actual body image and BMI had a moderate association (38%) as did actual body image and desire body (42%) image among the non-Hispanic population. Half of the Hispanic participants were either overweight (14%) or in the obese (36%) category. Non- Hispanics had 18% in the overweight category and 14% in the obese category. Conclusion: The findings from this descriptive, correlational study may be useful to clinicians who address the health issues of childhood overweight and obesity with their patients. The correlation of 46 percent between actual and BMI percentile demonstrated a 25 percent R2 showing that 25 percent of actual body image was accounted for by BMI. Actual body image was significant in ideal body image in the entire sample, although to a lesser extent than actual to BMI. Hispanic children were over twice as likely to accurately perceive actual body image compared to non-Hispanic children. Hispanic’s actual body image did influence desired body image. More research is recommended in the use of pictogram in a clinical setting with a larger population.
{"title":"What is the Relationship among Actual Body Image, Desired Body Image and Body Mass Index in 7-12 Year Old Children?","authors":"M. Courtney, John B Chavez","doi":"10.29011/2688-7460.100074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100074","url":null,"abstract":"is the Relationship among Actual Body Desired in Abstract Purpose: The aim of this research project was to gain a better understanding of a child’s perception of actual body image and desired body image compared to Body Mass Index (BMI). The study assessed the relationship among actual body image, desired body image, and BMI for the entire sample group and the subgroups of Hispanics and non-Hispanics. Design: A descriptive, correlational study of a convenience sample of children (n=80), ages 7 to 12 years old was conducted. Methodology: Using a standardized clinical protocol, demographic and growth measurement data were collected by trained clinic personnel with children who met project criteria. Clinic personnel obtained consent from parents and children, administered the Collins’ pictogram body images, and determined current school grade, insurance status, and free/reduced lunch program participation. The main research instrument was the two-question pictogram containing Collins’ seven gender specific child body pictogram/ silhouette figures of thin body image to an obese body image. Data were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients to assess the relationship between actual body image, desired body image, and BMI. Findings: Among the total sample of 80 children, actual body image and BMI/percentile were significantly correlated (46%) as was actual body image with desired body image (35%). BMIs for overweight and obesity accounted for 40 percent of the entire sample of participants. In the sub-group of ethnicity, actual body image and BMI showed a significant association (rho 42%) in the Hispanic population. Actual body image and BMI had a moderate association (38%) as did actual body image and desire body (42%) image among the non-Hispanic population. Half of the Hispanic participants were either overweight (14%) or in the obese (36%) category. Non- Hispanics had 18% in the overweight category and 14% in the obese category. Conclusion: The findings from this descriptive, correlational study may be useful to clinicians who address the health issues of childhood overweight and obesity with their patients. The correlation of 46 percent between actual and BMI percentile demonstrated a 25 percent R2 showing that 25 percent of actual body image was accounted for by BMI. Actual body image was significant in ideal body image in the entire sample, although to a lesser extent than actual to BMI. Hispanic children were over twice as likely to accurately perceive actual body image compared to non-Hispanic children. Hispanic’s actual body image did influence desired body image. More research is recommended in the use of pictogram in a clinical setting with a larger population.","PeriodicalId":93553,"journal":{"name":"Family medicine and primary care -- open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48095048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-14DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100072
Ahmad Mohsen Alkhalifah, A. Yahya, Abdulrahman, Alshahrani, Saad Albattal, Mostafa Kofi
Background: After years of steady growth, laboratory test demands have surpassed those of any other medical act; therefore, it is critical to ensure that the requested testing is appropriate. This study aimed to assess the rate of overutilization of HBA1C, TSH, and Vitamin D tests among family physicians in a tertiary care hospital and primary care centers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional chart review study conducted at Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A structured data collection form was designed to collect data that fulfill the study objectives. Data were collected by the study authors through reviewing their files and lab investigations. To determine whether tests are over utilized or not, we followed certain criteria’s for each test. Latest American Diabetes Association (ADA) was followed for HBA1C. For TSH test, we followed latest guidelines of American Thyroid Association (ATA). American Society for Clinical Pathology guidelines was followed for Vitamin D. Results: Data of a total of 380 patients was analyzed. The rate of overutilization was the highest for vitamin D at 57.14% followed by TSH at 40.47%, and HbA1c at 25.98%. When the rate of overutilization was calculated by the physician degree it differed significantly only with HbA1c, being the highest among SHO at 50%, with a P-value of <0.001. There were no significant differences in the overutilization rates of the studied lab tests by physicians’ nationality or gender. Conclusion: The rates of the overutilization of the studied lab tests (HbA1c, TSH, and vitamin D) are considered high, particularly Vitamin D.
{"title":"Appropriateness of the Lab Utilization in PHCs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Ahmad Mohsen Alkhalifah, A. Yahya, Abdulrahman, Alshahrani, Saad Albattal, Mostafa Kofi","doi":"10.29011/2688-7460.100072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100072","url":null,"abstract":"Background: After years of steady growth, laboratory test demands have surpassed those of any other medical act; therefore, it is critical to ensure that the requested testing is appropriate. This study aimed to assess the rate of overutilization of HBA1C, TSH, and Vitamin D tests among family physicians in a tertiary care hospital and primary care centers in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This was a cross-sectional chart review study conducted at Prince Sultan Military Medical City (PSMMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A structured data collection form was designed to collect data that fulfill the study objectives. Data were collected by the study authors through reviewing their files and lab investigations. To determine whether tests are over utilized or not, we followed certain criteria’s for each test. Latest American Diabetes Association (ADA) was followed for HBA1C. For TSH test, we followed latest guidelines of American Thyroid Association (ATA). American Society for Clinical Pathology guidelines was followed for Vitamin D. Results: Data of a total of 380 patients was analyzed. The rate of overutilization was the highest for vitamin D at 57.14% followed by TSH at 40.47%, and HbA1c at 25.98%. When the rate of overutilization was calculated by the physician degree it differed significantly only with HbA1c, being the highest among SHO at 50%, with a P-value of <0.001. There were no significant differences in the overutilization rates of the studied lab tests by physicians’ nationality or gender. Conclusion: The rates of the overutilization of the studied lab tests (HbA1c, TSH, and vitamin D) are considered high, particularly Vitamin D.","PeriodicalId":93553,"journal":{"name":"Family medicine and primary care -- open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44328020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-04DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100071
{"title":"Patient Satisfaction with Virtual Care Compared to Clinic Visit among Diabetic Patients in Primary Care","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2688-7460.100071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100071","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93553,"journal":{"name":"Family medicine and primary care -- open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45927945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-22DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100070
Mohannad Alsallal, Nawal Alsubaiei, Ebrahim S Assiri, Abdullah, Amireh, A. Booth, Mostafa Kofi
Background: Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) are drugs in which the adverse risks exceed the clinical benefits, lacking evidence-based indications, potentially interact with other medications. PIM use is common in older adults who are frequently treated with multiple medications. PIM use in older adults is associated with many complications. Aim: To critically appraise and systematically evaluate the existing studies on the effectiveness of pharmacist-led deprescribing in health service utilization, clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and cost utility. In nursing home and ambulatory care settings and patients aged 65 years and above. Methods: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched between 1st to 2nd July 2021 and updated on 25th December 2021 to select studies that compare pharmacist-led deprescribing in nursing home and ambulatory care settings with usual care. Outcomes related to health service utilization, clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and cost utility were evaluated. Results: A total of 3944 relevant records were identified through database searching. A further ten records were identified by following up citations and reference lists of the selected studies. After assessment, nine studies were included in the review. Four of the included studies reported outcomes relating to both health service utilization and clinical effectiveness, three studies reported only health service utilization, and the two economic studies reported cost effectiveness and cost utility respectively. Six out of seven studies that reported health service utilization outcomes found improvement in health service utilization after the implementation of the pharmacist-led deprescribing. However, there is no positive clinical effectiveness outcomes, and no worldwide studies for the economic outcomes. Conclusion: This evidence of moderate to high quality. Pharmacist-led deprescribing was effective only in reducing PIMs usage and medication burden for older adults in nursing home and ambulatory care setting, but with no clinical effectiveness outcomes. It is essential to evaluate the economic outcomes in different countries other than Canada (high-income county). Family Medicine and Primary Care: Open Access Alsallal M, et al. J Family Med Prim Care Open Acc 6: 170. www.doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100070 www.gavinpublishers.com Citation: Alsallal M, Alsubaiei N, Assiri E, Amireh A, Booth A, Kofi M (2022) Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Pharmacist-led Deprescribing Interventions in Nursing Homes and Ambulatory Care Settings in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review. J Family Med Prim Care Open Acc 6: 170. DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100070 2 Volume 6; Issue 01
背景：潜在不适当药物（PIM）是指不良风险超过临床益处、缺乏循证适应症、可能与其他药物相互作用的药物。PIM的使用在经常接受多种药物治疗的老年人中很常见。老年人PIM的使用与许多并发症有关。目的：批判性地评价和系统地评价现有的药剂师主导的描述在医疗服务利用、临床有效性、成本效益和成本效用方面的有效性研究。在疗养院和门诊护理机构以及65岁及以上的患者中。方法：在2021年7月1日至2日期间检索PubMed、Medline、CINAHL、Embase和Cochrane Library，并于2021年12月25日更新，以选择将药剂师主导的疗养院和门诊护理环境下的描述与常规护理进行比较的研究。评估了与卫生服务利用率、临床有效性、成本效益和成本效用相关的结果。结果：通过数据库检索，共识别出3944条相关记录。通过对所选研究的引文和参考文献列表进行跟踪，又确定了10项记录。经过评估，9项研究被纳入审查。纳入的研究中有四项报告了与卫生服务利用和临床有效性有关的结果，三项研究仅报告了卫生服务利用，两项经济研究分别报告了成本效益和成本效用。七分之六的报告医疗服务利用结果的研究发现，在实施药剂师主导的描述后，医疗服务利用率有所提高。然而，没有积极的临床有效性结果，也没有针对经济结果的全球研究。结论：本证具有中到高质量。药剂师主导的描述仅能有效降低养老院和门诊护理环境中老年人PIM的使用和药物负担，但没有临床有效性结果。评估除加拿大（高收入县）以外的不同国家的经济成果至关重要。家庭医学和初级保健：开放获取Alsallal M，et al.J Family Med Prim Care Open Acc 6:170。www.doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100070 www.gavinpublishers.com引文：Alsallal M，Alsubaiei N，Assiri E，Amireh A，Booth A，Kofi M（2022）《药剂师主导的老年患者疗养院和门诊护理环境中剥夺性干预的有效性和成本效益：系统综述》。J Family Med Prim Care Open Acc 6:170。DOI:10.29011/2688-7460.100070 2第6卷；第01期
{"title":"Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Pharmacist-led Deprescribing Interventions in Nursing Homes and Ambulatory Care Settings in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review","authors":"Mohannad Alsallal, Nawal Alsubaiei, Ebrahim S Assiri, Abdullah, Amireh, A. Booth, Mostafa Kofi","doi":"10.29011/2688-7460.100070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100070","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Potentially Inappropriate Medications (PIMs) are drugs in which the adverse risks exceed the clinical benefits, lacking evidence-based indications, potentially interact with other medications. PIM use is common in older adults who are frequently treated with multiple medications. PIM use in older adults is associated with many complications. Aim: To critically appraise and systematically evaluate the existing studies on the effectiveness of pharmacist-led deprescribing in health service utilization, clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and cost utility. In nursing home and ambulatory care settings and patients aged 65 years and above. Methods: PubMed, Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched between 1st to 2nd July 2021 and updated on 25th December 2021 to select studies that compare pharmacist-led deprescribing in nursing home and ambulatory care settings with usual care. Outcomes related to health service utilization, clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness and cost utility were evaluated. Results: A total of 3944 relevant records were identified through database searching. A further ten records were identified by following up citations and reference lists of the selected studies. After assessment, nine studies were included in the review. Four of the included studies reported outcomes relating to both health service utilization and clinical effectiveness, three studies reported only health service utilization, and the two economic studies reported cost effectiveness and cost utility respectively. Six out of seven studies that reported health service utilization outcomes found improvement in health service utilization after the implementation of the pharmacist-led deprescribing. However, there is no positive clinical effectiveness outcomes, and no worldwide studies for the economic outcomes. Conclusion: This evidence of moderate to high quality. Pharmacist-led deprescribing was effective only in reducing PIMs usage and medication burden for older adults in nursing home and ambulatory care setting, but with no clinical effectiveness outcomes. It is essential to evaluate the economic outcomes in different countries other than Canada (high-income county). Family Medicine and Primary Care: Open Access Alsallal M, et al. J Family Med Prim Care Open Acc 6: 170. www.doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100070 www.gavinpublishers.com Citation: Alsallal M, Alsubaiei N, Assiri E, Amireh A, Booth A, Kofi M (2022) Effectiveness and Cost Effectiveness of Pharmacist-led Deprescribing Interventions in Nursing Homes and Ambulatory Care Settings in Elderly Patients: A Systematic Review. J Family Med Prim Care Open Acc 6: 170. DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100070 2 Volume 6; Issue 01","PeriodicalId":93553,"journal":{"name":"Family medicine and primary care -- open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44326180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-08DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100069
M. Poka
The introduction of inhaled short-acting β 2 -agonists revolutionized the short-term management of asthma, as it provides quick relief of bronchoconstriction. Current treatment guidelines focusing on prevention of asthma exacerbations rather than relief of acute symptoms of asthma are in place, many patients are self-medicating with short-acting β 2 -agonists, rather than adherence to inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting β 2 -agonists as controllers. Current treatment guidelines focusses on prevention of asthma exacerbations with the use of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β 2 -agonist, rather than only using a reliever in acute symptoms. Frequent use of reliever medications are recognized as a marker of poor asthma control, and leads to increased hospitalization, morbidity and mortality. SABA’s on but the overuse (more than 12 metered dose inhalers annually) is associated with an risk of severe exacerbations, including death, as well as the down-regulation of β 2 -receptors. an over-the-counter product can further way the patient is using the reliever, and provide education regarding the correct use of medication, including the correct technique of using the inhaler. The aim of this review is to highlight the problem of salbutamol overuse, and to set out measures to curb the problem.
{"title":"The Challenge with Salbutamol: Benefit as Treatment Modality and Detrimental Effects of Overuse","authors":"M. Poka","doi":"10.29011/2688-7460.100069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100069","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of inhaled short-acting β 2 -agonists revolutionized the short-term management of asthma, as it provides quick relief of bronchoconstriction. Current treatment guidelines focusing on prevention of asthma exacerbations rather than relief of acute symptoms of asthma are in place, many patients are self-medicating with short-acting β 2 -agonists, rather than adherence to inhaled corticosteroids with long-acting β 2 -agonists as controllers. Current treatment guidelines focusses on prevention of asthma exacerbations with the use of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting β 2 -agonist, rather than only using a reliever in acute symptoms. Frequent use of reliever medications are recognized as a marker of poor asthma control, and leads to increased hospitalization, morbidity and mortality. SABA’s on but the overuse (more than 12 metered dose inhalers annually) is associated with an risk of severe exacerbations, including death, as well as the down-regulation of β 2 -receptors. an over-the-counter product can further way the patient is using the reliever, and provide education regarding the correct use of medication, including the correct technique of using the inhaler. The aim of this review is to highlight the problem of salbutamol overuse, and to set out measures to curb the problem.","PeriodicalId":93553,"journal":{"name":"Family medicine and primary care -- open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44914731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100060
{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact on Operating Room Design and Surgical Services","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2688-7460.100060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100060","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93553,"journal":{"name":"Family medicine and primary care -- open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43923430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-26DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100061
{"title":"Impact of Covid-19 on African Americans with Type II Diabetes: A Retrospective Study (January-November, 2020)","authors":"","doi":"10.29011/2688-7460.100061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-7460.100061","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93553,"journal":{"name":"Family medicine and primary care -- open access","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48807131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-11DOI: 10.29011/2688-7460.100068
J. Greiner, Paula J Oliver, Terrrance L Baker, E. Michael, Lindsay, Andrew McPherson, George E Bedarf, T. Glonek
Purpose: Recalcitrant fissures located on weight-bearing skin surfaces are often challenging to heal. This study compares the efficacy of an Anionic Polar Phospholipid (APP)-based skin cream emulsion to a standard moisturizing cream treatment regimen in a patient with a foot fissure unresponsive to conventional treatment. Methods: Treatment included a twice daily topical application to the cutaneous surface of the foot fissure as well as the peri-fissure area with an APP-skin cream (test product) for 3 wks. The APP-skin cream was comprised of phospholipids including phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidylserine, in an aqueous emulsion of hydrogenated vegetable oil. Skin cream treatment was then discontinued for a wash-out period of 4 wk. Treatment was then reinstated twice daily using a standard reference moisturizing cream for 3 weeks. Subjective and objective dermatologic findings were recorded at baseline and weekly throughout the 10-week period. Results: There were marked subjective and objective improvements in the fissure using the test product following the initial 3-week treatment. After the subject had discontinued the test treatment for 4 weeks, the fissure resembled its nascent pretreatment appearance and baseline symptoms reoccurred. The treatment regimen was reinstituted using the reference moisturizer for a 3-week course. In contrast to the marked improvement in signs and symptoms with the test product, there was only mild to moderate improvement using the reference moisturizing cream. Conclusions: This case demonstrates the superior resolution of a painful skin fissure using an oil-in-water-based skin cream supplemented with APP compared to a skin cream reference common moisturizer. Topical treatment of a recalcitrant skin fissure using APP in an oil-in-water emulsion skin cream is a novel application for this phospholipid technology.
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