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Research on the Influence of Organic Fertilizing and Mulching on Productivity and Phytodiversity on Oligotrophic Grasslands 有机肥覆盖对低营养草地生产力和植物多样性影响的研究
Á. Balázsi, I. Rotar, Florin Pä‚Curar, R. Vidican, Anca Bogdan
Organic fertilizers have an influence on the floristic composition of grasslands. Fertilizing with manure favours the phytodiversity of grasslands. The objective of the study was to follow the influence of mulching and organic fertilizing in small quantities and at various time intervals upon dry matter yield and phytodiversity of Agrostis capillaris L. - Festuca rubra L. grassland type in the Apuseni Mountains. Seven treatments  ( control  ( mowed 1/year ) ; mulch 1/year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure /year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/3 years; abandonment )  were evaluated experimentally. Organic fertilizing in low quantities could be a way to maintain the floristic diversity of oligotrophic grasslands in Apuseni Mountains.
有机肥对草地植物区系组成有影响。用粪肥施肥有利于草原的植物多样性。本研究旨在探讨不同时间间隔、少量地膜和有机肥对阿普塞尼山地毛毡草-红羊茅草地类型干物质产量和植物多样性的影响。7棵treatments (controlÂ(刈1棵/年);覆盖物1 /年;覆盖1吨/公顷/年+粪肥5吨/公顷/年;覆膜1次/年+ 5吨/公顷粪肥/2年;覆盖1次/年+ 10吨/公顷粪肥/2年;覆盖1次/年+ 10吨/公顷粪肥/3年;弃置)Â实验评价。少量施用有机肥可以维持阿普塞尼山区少营养化草地的植物区系多样性。
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引用次数: 0
The Behavior of Some Spring Barley Varieties in the Climatic Conditions of North East Baragan Plain 东北巴拉干平原气候条件下一些春大麦品种的行为
N. Axinti, G. Cioromele
In this paper we analyzed the behavior of four varieties of spring barley, i n terms of productivity, based on multi-annual testing, in order to identify and recommend the most well adapted of them to be grown in the area. The research was conducted during 2008-2010 in the Vădeni area, Braila County, on four varieties of spring barley  ( Thuringia, Anabell, Cristalia and Tunika ) . The average production of the three crop years was 2362 kg/ha. In 2008, year considered normal in terms of climate, we obtained the highest yields in all four species studied, its value falling between 2350 kg/ha for Cristalia and 3025 kg/ha for Annabell. In terms of year 2009, the production of the studied varieties ranged from 1962 kg/ha for Tunika up to 2250 kg/ha for Annabell, this year being characterized as a dry year. In the third experimental year, 2010, yields ranged from 1937 kg/ha for Cristalia and 2462 kg/ha for Annabell, this year being characterized, in terms of rainfall, as a rainy year, but rainfall was not uniformly distributed. Following the evaluation of the stability of varieties’ performance using the superiority index  (Pi) , the Annabell variety proved best  ( 28% ) . Research has shown that genetic and climatic factors have influenced the yields obtained from the four varieties studied during three experimental years. In all three experimental years, Annabell variety was superior to all other studied varieties, obtaining productions between 2337 kg/ha and 3025 kg/ha. The production of spring barley in 2008 was significantly superior to other experimental years.
本文在多年试验的基础上,分析了4个春大麦品种在生产能力方面的表现,以确定和推荐最适合在该地区种植的品种。2008-2010年,在巴西布拉县Vădeni地区对4个春季barleyÂ品种(图林根、安娜贝尔、克里斯塔利亚和图尼卡)进行了研究。三个作物年的平均产量为2362公斤/公顷。在气候正常的2008年,我们获得了所有四个物种的最高产量,其值在Cristalia的2350公斤/公顷和Annabell的3025公斤/公顷之间。就2009年而言,所研究品种的产量从图尼卡的1962公斤/公顷到安娜贝尔的2250公斤/公顷不等,这一年的特点是干旱的一年。在第三个试验年,2010年,Cristalia的产量为1937公斤/公顷,Annabell的产量为2462公斤/公顷,从降雨量来看,这一年的特点是多雨年,但降雨量分布不均匀。利用优势系数index (Pi)对品种稳定性进行评价后,Annabell品种的稳定性证明为bestÂ(28%)。研究表明,遗传和气候因素影响了这四个品种在三个试验年中获得的产量。在所有三个试验年份,安娜贝尔品种的产量都优于其他所有研究品种,产量在2337 ~ 3025公斤/公顷之间。2008年春大麦产量显著优于其他试验年份。
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引用次数: 0
Red Deer Influence on Natural Grasslands 马鹿对天然草原的影响
A. Gliga, I. Rotar, F. Păcurar, R. Vidican
Red deer  ( Cervus elaphus L. )  populations, depending on their density can dramatically affect vegetation in their living areas using hay meadows, farmland tree plantation and orchards, leading to a financial deficit for the farmers. We quantified grazing intake in natural vegetation fields that were bordered by forest and had been used as hay meadows. Grazing cages had been placed in three separate locations in Valea Mare hunting range from Bistriţa-Năsăud during 30 May - 15 July period. Sampling took place shortly before the hay meadows were mowed with the purpose of quantifying the Red deer intake. Red deer grazing resulted in the loss of a percentage between 11,6% and 12,6% of the total production.
红色deer (Cervus elaphus L.)Â种群,根据其密度的不同,可以极大地影响其生活区的植被,利用干草草地、农田树木种植园和果园,导致农民的财政赤字。我们量化了以森林为界的天然草原区作为草甸的采食量。5月30日至7月15日期间,在Valea Mare狩猎场BistriÅ£a-Năsăud的三个不同地点放置了放牧笼。采样是在干草草地割草前不久进行的,目的是量化马鹿的摄入量。马鹿放牧造成的损失占总产量的11.6%至12.6%。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical Control of Scab ( Venturia inaequalis ) in the Seini Fruit Basin 塞尼果盆地赤霉病的化学防治
Lucia Mihălescu, O. Roșca, Zorica Voșgan, M. Marian, A. Maxim, M. Cordea
The aim of this experimental research was to survey the spreading area of scab in the Seini fruit trees basin, monitoring the behavior of different varieties versus the attack of Venturia inaequalis fungi, to set up a scheme of scab control using the fenologic model and to determine the efficiency of the chemical treatment for the control of these fungi.
本试验研究的目的是调查塞尼果树盆地赤霉病的蔓延面积,监测不同品种对不均等文氏菌(Venturia inaequalis)侵染的行为,建立基于fenologic模型的赤霉病防治方案,并确定化学处理对赤霉病的防治效果。
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引用次数: 0
Optimization of PCR Conditions to Amplify SSR Markers in Sweet Cherry Cultivars 甜樱桃品种SSR标记扩增条件优化
I. Berindean, Elena Tä‚Maș, E. Cârdei, D. Pamfil
In all Romanian national fruit collections, all accessions holding a phenotypic, biochemical and genetic evaluation, but less a molecular level assessment of their….. For introduction of this material (accessions) into the breeding programs is necessary and important to know the level of characterization. Considering this fact, in the present study was optimization of the PCR protocol, specially annealing temperature of fifteen SSR primer pairs to characterize and study the genetic similarity and to determine the polymorphism between 36 sweet cherry accessions from I.C.D.P. Iasi, Romania. In the optimization process of annealing temperature for primers, was started with 5oC less them the temperature recommendated by the manufacturer, gradually ascending with 1-2oC/PCR cycle, up to 10-11oC, above the recommended value. For every primers pairs it was 6-7 steps for optimization of annealing temperature, obtaining satisfactory results to the following primers pairs: UCDCH17, UDP96-001 and PceGA25 at 65oC, UCDCH21: 64oC, UCDCH31: 66oC,:UPD97-402: 60oC, PMS3: 68oC. The primer pairs UDP96-008 obtained at 65oC, monomorphic bands, so it was excluded from the analysis. The other reagents used in PCR and temperature regimes (denaturation and extension temperature) were kept constant. From these results we conclude the transferability and applicability of SSR markers for genotyping and phylogenetic studies in the genus Prunus.
在所有罗马尼亚国家水果收藏中,所有产品都进行表型,生化和遗传评估,但较少进行分子水平评估。为了将这种材料(选材)引入育种计划,了解性状水平是必要和重要的。为此,本研究对罗马尼亚Iasi地区36份甜樱桃材料的PCR方案进行了优化,特别是对15对SSR引物的退火温度进行了分析和遗传相似性研究,并确定了其多态性。在引物退火温度的优化过程中,从比厂家推荐温度低5oC开始,以1-2oC/PCR周期逐渐升高,直至高于推荐温度10-11oC。对每对引物进行6-7步的退火温度优化,对UCDCH17、UDP96-001和PceGA25引物在65℃、UCDCH21: 64℃、UCDCH31: 66℃、UPD97-402: 60℃、PMS3: 68℃的退火温度进行优化得到满意的结果。引物对UDP96-008在65℃下获得单态条带,因此排除在分析之外。PCR所用的其他试剂和温度(变性和延伸温度)保持不变。由此得出SSR标记在李属植物基因分型和系统发育研究中的可转移性和适用性。
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引用次数: 0
Researches Regarding the Influence of Height on Uniformity of Distribution of New Types of Nozzles 高度对新型喷嘴分布均匀性影响的研究
O. Marian, I. Drocaș, C. Costea, O. Ranta, S. Stănilă, M. Muntean
Phytosanitary treatments and quality of weed control depends on the amount of the used liquids, the uniformity of the distribution per area, the coverage and penetration of the vegetal mass, the flow rate of the liquid and the size of the formed droplets. Most of these parameters are accomplished by nozzles. Nozzles are the most important parts of the spraying machines. They turn the herbicide mixture in small drops that are thrown towards the target surface. This jet drops contains particles of different sizes. Nozzles are components that turn the under pressure liquid column into a spray of drops, called jet.
植物检疫处理和杂草控制的质量取决于所用液体的量、每面积分布的均匀性、植物体的覆盖和渗透、液体的流速和形成的液滴的大小。这些参数大多是由喷嘴完成的。喷嘴是喷雾机最重要的部件。他们把除草剂混合物变成小滴,扔向目标表面。这个喷射液滴含有不同大小的颗粒。喷嘴是将压力下的液体柱变成水滴的部件,称为喷射。
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引用次数: 2
Combining Ability for Kernel Starch Content in Maize Synthetic Populations Obtained from Local Populations 从地方群体获得的玉米合成群体籽粒淀粉含量配合力
L. Muntean, N. Tritean, I. Haș, V. Has, A. Gulea
Synthetic populations of maize (Zea mays L) are low-cost and stable varieties, obtained by cross pollination of a group of inbred lines, local population or hybrids. The main advantage of these populations is that the heterosis does not diminish significantly in F2. In order to complete the research on the combining ability of maize synthetic populations, the objective of this work was to study seven maize synthetic populations, determining their general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for kernel starch content, as well as their potential as source populations in breeding programmes.To achieve the proposed objectives, we studied top cross hybrids of the type “inbred line x synthetic population” resulted from the crossing between seven synthetic maize populations and four early inbred lines used as tester. For all experimental conditions, the differences between genotypes were statistically assured for kernel starch content. The experimental years and testing locations have provided conditions for differentiation of genotypes for starch content and interactions between the environment and genotypes were statistically significant, indicating dependence of starch content on environmental conditions. The additive effects for starch content provided by GCA were high for Tu SRR 5DR(6I)(5) and Tu SRR 5D (2I)(2). Non additive effects, corresponding to SCA were high for the following hybrid combinations: TC 233 x TuSyn 1 (3), CO 255 x Tu SRR 5D (2I)(2) and TC 209 x Tu SRR 5DR(6I)(5). In the case of synthetic maize populations, the determinism of starch is influenced equally by GCA and SCA.
玉米合成群体(Zea mays L)是由一组自交系、当地群体或杂交种杂交获得的低成本和稳定的品种。这些群体的主要优势是杂种优势在F2期没有明显减弱。为了完成玉米合成群体配合力的研究,本研究对7个玉米合成群体进行了研究,确定了其籽粒淀粉含量的一般配合力(GCA)和特定配合力(SCA),以及它们作为育种源群体的潜力。为了实现上述目标,我们研究了7个玉米合成群体与4个早期自交系杂交得到的型€œinbred系x合成群体的顶级杂交杂交种。在所有试验条件下,籽粒淀粉含量的差异在统计学上得到了保证。实验年份和测试地点为淀粉含量的基因型分化提供了条件,环境与基因型之间的相互作用具有统计学意义,表明淀粉含量对环境条件的依赖性。GCA对Tu SRR 5DR(6I)(5)和Tu SRR 5D (2I)(2)淀粉含量的添加作用较高。tc233 × TuSyn 1(3)、co255 × Tu SRR 5D (2I)(2)和tc209 × Tu SRR 5DR(6I)(5)的非加性效应与SCA相对应。在合成玉米群体中,淀粉的确定性同样受到GCA和SCA的影响。
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引用次数: 0
The Seedling Behaviour within a Tree Arrangement Station under Low Temperature Recorded Due to Late Frost 晚霜低温记录下栽树站内幼苗行为
I. Covrig
Within new established tree nurseries, for development of young trees in the early years, the determining factor is their ability to resist deviations from normal climatic elements. It is known that beach young trees have poor resistance to extremes of climatic variations. The aim of our research is to identify the main particularities of the seedlings behavior within accidental low temperature determined by changes occurred in climatic conditions. Observations were performed, during a three years period, 1996 - 1998, from April to the end of May, in 4 units located on the plateau areas of Sovata Forestry Office, in order to record negative temperatures that could affect the seedlings regeneration. The lowest temperatures were 1.1 0C during the night of 22/23 May and 3.0 0C during the night of 23/24 May, 1998. In all four analyzed units located in the vicinity of the mountaintop, beech seedlings were less affected by the late frost. Until fall 1998, a rate of 10 - 12% of affected seedlings was dry, the rest having changes more or less accentuated. As a result of late frost reported in the end of May 1998, 10 - 20% of seedlings were injured.
在新建立的树木苗圃中,对于幼树的早期发育,决定因素是它们抵抗偏离正常气候因素的能力。众所周知,海滩小树对极端气候变化的抵抗力很差。我们的研究目的是确定由气候条件变化所决定的意外低温下幼苗行为的主要特殊性。在1996 - 1998年4月至5月底的3年期间,在Sovata林业局高原地区的4个单位进行了观测,以记录可能影响幼苗再生的负温度。1998年5月22/23日夜间最低气温为1.1℃,5月23/24日夜间最低气温为3.0℃。在山顶附近的四个分析单元中,山毛榉幼苗受晚霜的影响较小。直到1998年秋天,受影响的幼苗中有10 - 12%的比例是干燥的,其余的变化或多或少地加剧了。1998年5月底报告的晚霜害苗达10 - 20%。
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引用次数: 0
Monitoring Drinking Water Quality in Cluj - Napoca Municipality during a Three Years Period 克卢日-纳波卡市三年期间饮用水质量监测
A. Odagiu, I. Oroian, I. Covrig, T. Mihăiescu
The article emphasizes the results obtained in 2013, concerning the water quality in urban areas, Cluj - Napoca, respectively. The samples were harvested from the public network, from points located in the same places as last year, districts: Zorilor, Mărăști, Grigorescu, Gheorgheni, Mănăștur, and center of the municipality of Cluj - Napoca. There were periodically recorded (three time a week), during March 4th - May 26th, 2013, the following water quality parameters: pH, conductivity and turbidity from the established monitoring points, pH monitoring led to average values within normal limits, except that from the center of the municipality of Cluj - Napoca, while the monitoring of conductivity led to average values that frame within normal limits, except the center of the municipality of Cluj - Napoca. The water turbidity frames in normal limits.
本文重点介绍了2013年克卢日-纳波卡市区水质研究的结果。样本采集自公共网络,地点与去年相同:Zorilor、Mărăști、grigrescu、georgheni、Mănăștur和克卢日-纳波卡市中心。在2013年3月4日至5月26日期间,定期(每周三次)记录了下列水质参数:pH值、电导率和浊度,pH值监测的平均值在正常范围内,除了克卢日-纳波卡市中心,而电导率监测的平均值在正常范围内,除了克卢日-纳波卡市中心。水的浊度在正常范围内。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Techniques Used in Research of Differential Fertilization and Nutritive Substrates Effect On the Flowering Degree of Geraniums 差异施肥及营养基质对天竺葵开花程度影响的试验技术研究
C. Tomos, Marilena MÄ‚RGHITAÅž
Scientific information about fertilization of geraniums, in Romania, are not updated, geraniums fertilization being made by adapting the fertilization rules of other ornamental plants. The purpose of this paper is to provide relevant information about the experimental techniques used to obtain effective results.
在罗马尼亚,关于天竺葵施肥的科学信息没有更新,天竺葵的施肥是根据其他观赏植物的施肥规则进行的。本文的目的是为获得有效结果所采用的实验技术提供相关信息。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Agriculture
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