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DIGITAL MODEL PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF THE THREE TANK SYSTEM BASED ON LAGUERRE FUNCTIONS 基于拉盖尔函数的三罐系统数字模型预测控制
Pub Date : 2019-01-08 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1803153S
M. Spasić, D. Antić, Nikola B. Dankovic, S. Peric, Saša S. Nikolić
The application of the model predictive control (MPC) based on discrete-time Laguerre functions is presented in this paper. A nonlinear three-tank hydraulic system is used as an object to which the proposed algorithm is applied. The paper also presents the method of For the verification of the proposed control method, digital simulations are performed using Matlab.linearization of the nonlinear system, as well as the procedure for the controller design.
本文介绍了基于离散时间拉盖尔函数的模型预测控制(MPC)的应用。以非线性三油箱液压系统为对象,应用了该算法。为了验证所提出的控制方法,利用Matlab进行了数字仿真。非线性系统的线性化,以及控制器的程序设计。
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引用次数: 1
ENERGY HARVESTING TECHNIQUES IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS 无线传感器网络中的能量收集技术
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1802117N
T. Nikolic, M. Stojcev, G. Nikolic, G. Jovanovic
Batteries are the main source of energy for low-power electronics such as micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS), wireless sensor networks, embedded devices for remote sensing and control, etc. With the limited capacity of finite power sources and the need for supplying energy for the lifetime of a system/device there is a requirement for self-powered devices. Using conventional batteries is not always good design solution because batteries require human intervention to replace them (very often in hard-accessible and harsh-environmental conditions). Therefore, acquiring the electrical power, by using an alternative source of energy that is needed to operate these devices is a major concern. The process of extracting energy from the surrounding environment and converting it into consumable electrical energy is known as energy harvesting or power scavenging. The energy harvesting sources can be used to increase the lifetime and capability of the devices by either replacing or augmenting the battery usage. There are various forms of energy that can be scavenged, like solar, mechanical, thermal, and electromagnetic. Nowadays, there is a big interest in the field of research related to energy harvesting. This paper represents a survey for identifying the sources of energy harvesting and describes the basic operation of principles of the most common energy harvester. As first, we present, in short, the conversion principles of single energy source harvesting systems and point to their benefits and limitations in their usage. After that, hybrid structures of energy harvesters which simultaneously combine scavenged power from different ambient sources (solar, thermoelectric, electromagnetic), with aim to support higher load at the output, are considered.
电池是低功耗电子设备的主要能量来源,如微机电系统(MEMS)、无线传感器网络、用于遥感和控制的嵌入式设备等。由于有限电源的容量有限,并且需要在系统/设备的生命周期内提供能量,因此需要自供电设备。使用传统电池并不总是好的设计解决方案,因为电池需要人工干预来更换它们(通常在难以接近和恶劣的环境条件下)。因此,通过使用一种替代能源来获得电力,这是操作这些设备所需要的,是一个主要的问题。从周围环境中提取能量并将其转化为可消耗的电能的过程被称为能量收集或电力清除。能量收集源可以通过更换或增加电池的使用来增加设备的使用寿命和能力。有各种形式的能量可以被清除,如太阳能、机械能、热能和电磁能。目前,与能量收集相关的研究领域引起了人们的极大兴趣。本文对能量收集的来源进行了调查,并介绍了最常见的能量收集器的基本工作原理。简而言之,我们首先提出了单一能源收集系统的转换原理,并指出了它们在使用中的优点和局限性。之后,考虑了能量采集器的混合结构,该结构同时结合来自不同环境源(太阳能,热电,电磁)的清除功率,旨在支持更高的输出负载。
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引用次数: 4
A NOVEL METHODOLOGY FOR CHOOSING ACTUATORS OF CABLE-SUSPENDED PARALLEL ROBOTS 悬索并联机器人作动器选择的新方法
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1802071F
M. Filipovic, L. Kevac
A novel methodology for choosing actuators of a CPR system was defined. This methodology was based on a novel procedure for analysis and synthesis of the workspace of Cable-suspended parallel robot, CPR system. Besides the kinematic and dynamic models of the CPR system, this procedure includes the complete mathematical model of the actuator as well. On this basis, this procedure presents a novel solution for the analysis and synthesis of CPR system’s workspace. When using the proposed methodology for choosing actuators of a CPR system, user and designer together define the corresponding technical requirements, one of them being the relative size of the feasible work space of the CPR system. Based on these requirements, the developed methodology tests available actuators from its data base and extracts the useful ones for the predefined specific purpose. The purpose of this research is to interconnect theoretical contributions from CPR system’s modelling and needs of the user and designer during their practical implementation. For this purpose, a user friendly program package called PPACM was generated. The program package PPACM and obtained results were validated through the presentation of several case studies.
提出了一种新的心肺复苏系统执行机构选择方法。该方法基于一种分析和综合悬索并联机器人CPR系统工作空间的新方法。该程序除了建立心肺复苏系统的运动学和动力学模型外,还包括执行器的完整数学模型。在此基础上,提出了一种新的CPR系统工作空间分析与综合方法。当使用所提出的方法选择CPR系统的执行机构时,用户和设计者共同定义相应的技术要求,其中之一是CPR系统可行工作空间的相对大小。基于这些要求,开发的方法从数据库中测试可用的执行器,并提取出用于预定义特定目的的有用执行器。本研究的目的是将CPR系统建模的理论贡献与用户和设计者在实际实施过程中的需求联系起来。为此,生成了一个用户友好的程序包PPACM。通过几个案例的介绍,验证了程序包PPACM和所获得的结果。
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引用次数: 0
SCRIPT FILES APPROACH IN THE POWER QUALITY EVENTS GENERATION 脚本文件方法在电能质量事件生成
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1802093Z
D. Živanović, M. Simić, D. Denic, Z. Kokolanski
Generation of typical power quality (PQ) events, based on Script files and virtual instrumentation, is presented in this paper. Such approach provides definition and generation of three-phase voltage signals with various PQ events defined according to relevant international quality standards. Using of Script files enables easy and flexible generation of long-time voltage signals with complex PQ disturbances, according to the predefined test algorithms and scenarios. Detailed front panels and block diagrams of developed virtual instrument for signal generation are described in the paper. As specific examples, generated signals defined using the Script files are presented. Experimental confirmation of described software supported method is performed using the three-phase PQ analyzer Fluke 435. Some specific test waveforms and obtained experimental results are shown.
本文介绍了基于脚本文件和虚拟仪器的典型电能质量事件的生成。该方法根据国际相关质量标准定义了具有各种PQ事件的三相电压信号的定义和生成。根据预定义的测试算法和场景,使用脚本文件可以轻松灵活地生成具有复杂PQ干扰的长时间电压信号。本文详细介绍了所开发的信号生成虚拟仪器的前面板和框图。作为具体的示例,给出了使用脚本文件定义的生成信号。使用三相PQ分析仪Fluke 435进行所述软件支持方法的实验确认。给出了一些具体的测试波形和得到的实验结果。
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引用次数: 0
INTRODUCTION TO NANOTECHNOLOGY AND MOLECULAR SELF-ASSEMBLY 介绍纳米技术和分子自组装
Pub Date : 2018-12-28 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1802105M
J. Manojlovic
What is nanoscience? What is nanotechnology? What is so special about nanoscale? These questions are only a few important to discuss, in order to understand the nanoworld. We describe nanoscience and nanotechnology introducing the basic ideas of the new technology that can significantly change our lives. Nanoworld is invisible to the naked eye, and with many unusual properties of material. It has been observed that nanoscale numerous properties such as melting point, electrical conductivity, or chemical reactivity, change as a function of the size of the sample, and many nanomaterials have been produced. Special attention in this paper is focused on the formation of self-assembled monolayers. This process is described as the creation of organic thin films of nanometer thickness and it is an emerging area of materials chemistry, utilized in many applications.
什么是纳米科学?什么是纳米技术?纳米尺度有什么特别之处?为了理解纳米世界,这些问题只是需要讨论的几个重要问题。我们描述了纳米科学和纳米技术,介绍了可以显著改变我们生活的新技术的基本思想。纳米世界是肉眼看不见的,并且具有许多不寻常的材料特性。人们已经观察到,纳米级的许多性质,如熔点、电导率或化学反应性,随着样品尺寸的变化而变化,并且已经生产了许多纳米材料。本文特别关注自组装单层膜的形成。这个过程被描述为纳米厚度的有机薄膜的创造,它是材料化学的一个新兴领域,在许多应用中得到利用。
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引用次数: 1
IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM BY INCORPORATING TRACKING SYSTEM AND MPPT: A REVIEW 结合跟踪系统和mppt提高光伏发电系统效率综述
Pub Date : 2018-11-26 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1801057U
S. Udhayakumar, R. Sindhu, R. Srivasthan, Y. Yogaraj
The harvesting of solar energy is gaining increasing attention as it is pollution free and is available in abundance. Various researches and experiments are being carried out to improve the efficiency of power conversion by altering the material of the photovoltaic panels, by incorporating tracking systems and by making use of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms. The conventional rigidly fixed solar panels limit their area of exposure to the sun during the entire day. The use of tracker increases the area of panel exposed to direct beam of the sun, thus increasing the power generated. MPPT algorithm tracks the maximum power point attained at all loads and extracts the power from the panel at that voltage. Despite the variations in the external environment, the power obtained from the panel is always maximum. This paper reviews various tracking methods and MPPT techniques to increase the energy harvesting capacity of the panel and in turn improve its efficiency.
由于太阳能无污染且储量丰富,因此太阳能的收集正受到越来越多的关注。目前正在进行各种研究和实验,通过改变光伏板的材料、结合跟踪系统和利用最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)算法来提高功率转换效率。传统的刚性固定太阳能电池板限制了它们全天暴露在阳光下的面积。跟踪器的使用增加了面板暴露在太阳直射光束下的面积,从而增加了发电量。MPPT算法跟踪在所有负载下达到的最大功率点,并在该电压下从面板中提取功率。尽管外部环境发生变化,但从面板获得的功率总是最大的。本文综述了各种跟踪方法和MPPT技术,以增加太阳能电池板的能量收集能力,从而提高其效率。
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引用次数: 0
REALIZATION OF DIGITAL FILTERS WITH COMPLEX COEFFICIENTS 复系数数字滤波器的实现
Pub Date : 2018-11-26 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1801025N
S. Nikolic, G. Stancic, Stevica Cvetkovic
A comprehensive analysis of realization of digital filters with complex coefficients obtained by decomposition of real digital filters, using complex and real allpass networks, is given in the paper. Realization of complex coefficient filters obtained directly in the z domain is also discussed in the paper. An analysis of hardware costs for different structures used for realization of complex coefficient filters is presented.
本文综合分析了利用复通网络和实全通网络对真实数字滤波器进行分解得到的复系数数字滤波器的实现。本文还讨论了直接在z域中得到的复系数滤波器的实现。分析了用于实现复杂系数滤波器的不同结构的硬件成本。
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引用次数: 3
SECURE ORGAN TRANSPLANT INFORMATION SYSTEM 安全的器官移植信息系统
Pub Date : 2018-11-26 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1801001B
V. Borović, S. Borović, Vida Drasute, D. Rancic
The heart of a modern and efficient information system is a computer database that can be accessed from all over the world. The system demands a strong protection and cryptography, due to a large number of threats in the electronic era. In the well organized transplant programs, all transplantation centers have access to the central computer database. In this important database, the transplantation centers enter information of their recipients along with the recipient profile and the donor profile. This is the basic principle of making the best match between donated organ and recipient. This paper elaborates the SetNet information system with potential criminal activities and malpractice regarding central computer database.
一个现代而高效的信息系统的核心是一个可以从世界各地访问的计算机数据库。由于电子时代存在大量的威胁,该系统需要强大的保护和密码学。在组织良好的移植项目中,所有移植中心都可以访问中央计算机数据库。在这个重要的数据库中,移植中心输入他们的受者信息以及受者简介和供者简介。这是捐献器官与受者最佳匹配的基本原则。本文阐述了SetNet信息系统在中央计算机数据库方面存在的潜在犯罪行为和弊端。
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引用次数: 1
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES FOR ANALOG-TO-DIGITAL CONVERSION OF VIBRATION SIGNALS FOR WIRELESS MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS 无线测量系统中振动信号模数转换技术的设计与分析
Pub Date : 2018-11-26 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1801039D
M. Dincic, D. Denic, Z. Perić
The aim of this paper is to design, analyze and compare four different systems for ADC (analog-to-digital conversion) of vibration signals. Measurement of vibration signals is of particular importance in many areas, such as predictive maintenance or structural health monitoring. Wireless systems for vibration measurements becomes very topical, due to much easier and cheaper installation compared to wired systems. Due to the lack of transmission bandwidth and energy in wireless measurement systems, the amount of digital data being sent has to be reduced; hence, we have to apply ADC systems that can achieve the required digital signal quality, reducing the bit-rate. Four ADC systems are analyzed, for possible application in wireless measurement systems: PCM (pulse code modulation) based on uniform quantization; DPCM (differential PCM) to exploit high correlation of vibration signals; two adaptive ADC systems to cope with significant variations of characteristics of vibration signals in time - APCM (adaptive PCM) with adaptation on variance and ADPCM (adaptive DPCM), with double adaptation (both on variance and correlation). These ADC models are designed and optimized specifically for vibration signals, based on the analysis of 20 vibration signals from a referent database. An experiment is done, applying designed ADC systems for digitalization of vibration signals. APCM, DPCM and ADPCM systems allow significant bit-rate reduction compared to the PCM system, but with the increasing of complexity, hence the compromise between the bit-rate reduction and complexity is needed.
本文的目的是设计、分析和比较四种不同的振动信号模数转换系统。振动信号的测量在许多领域特别重要,例如预测性维护或结构健康监测。由于与有线系统相比,无线振动测量系统更容易和更便宜的安装,因此变得非常热门。由于无线测量系统缺乏传输带宽和能量,必须减少发送的数字数据量;因此,我们必须采用能够达到所需数字信号质量的ADC系统,降低比特率。分析了四种可能应用于无线测量系统的ADC系统:基于均匀量化的PCM(脉冲编码调制);差分PCM (differential PCM):利用振动信号的高相关性;针对振动信号特征随时间的显著变化,提出了两种自适应ADC系统——方差自适应的APCM (adaptive PCM)和方差和相关双重自适应的ADPCM (adaptive DPCM)。这些ADC模型是在分析参考数据库中的20个振动信号的基础上,专门针对振动信号进行设计和优化的。应用设计的ADC系统对振动信号进行了数字化处理。与PCM系统相比,APCM、DPCM和ADPCM系统可以显著降低比特率,但随着复杂性的增加,因此需要在比特率降低和复杂性之间做出妥协。
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引用次数: 0
DATA MINING FOR INTERFERENCE AVOIDANCE IN SMART CITIES IOT NETWORKS 智慧城市物联网网络中干扰规避的数据挖掘
Pub Date : 2018-11-26 DOI: 10.22190/FUACR1801013N
Valentina Nejkovic, N. Milosevic, F. Jelenkovic, Z. Nikolic, M. Tosic
A rapid growth of the wireless communications and heavily occupied spectrum lead to an inevitable interference between the heterogenous systems operating in the same frequency band. Having in mind the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) services and networks and widely present WiFi networks on the one hand, and the fact that these two systems occupy the same 2.4 GHz frequency band on the other hand, it is clear that the control of the interference and the spectrum coordination are of the highest importance. The first step in the interference control is to acquire its properties. Since the simulation of a large IoT network is not entirely possible, due to the numerous factors not known in advance, the interference assessment is performed on the SmartSantander, an IoT testbed, located in Santander, Spain. This paper presents a statistical analysis of the sensor data and describes the interference properties and its influence. These results may be used for the spectrum coordination, together with the neural networks and semantic technologies.
无线通信的快速发展和对频谱的大量占用导致在同一频段内工作的异构系统之间不可避免地存在干扰。一方面考虑到物联网(IoT)业务和网络的发展以及广泛存在的WiFi网络,另一方面考虑到这两个系统占用同一2.4 GHz频段,显然干扰的控制和频谱协调是最重要的。干扰控制的第一步是获取其特性。由于许多因素事先未知,因此不可能完全模拟大型物联网网络,因此干扰评估是在位于西班牙桑坦德的物联网测试平台SmartSantander上进行的。本文对传感器数据进行了统计分析,描述了干扰特性及其影响。这些结果可以与神经网络和语义技术相结合,用于频谱协调。
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引用次数: 2
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Facta universitatis. Series, Mechanics, automatic control and robotics
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