Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.101867
Harith Jameel Mahdi Alsammarraie, N. Khan, R. Mahmud, M. Asmawi, V. Murugaiyah
Introduction: There is a continuous expansion in number of botanical medicinal products and increase in consumers who often use it. One of such natural source products with versatile traditional uses as treatment for variety of diseases is Moringa oleifera Lam. Objectives: After the pharmacological activity of a new drug candidate is approved, the subsequent development of this product requires substantial information about its physical and chemical properties before designing its dosage form. Methods: Organoleptic properties, physicochemical characteristics, solubility profile, swelling index, partition coefficient, analyses of thermal behaviour, stress stability, heavy metals and microbial limit tests were performed in preformulation studies of 95 % ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves. Results: The results of preformulation studies illustrated several characteristic properties that should be consider during formulation of Moringa extract. In addition to that, a HPLC-UV method for simultaneous detection and quantification of three reference markers was developed and validated. Conclusion: The 95 % ethanol extract of Moringa leaf is relevant to the development of phytomedicines, dietary supplements or cosmetics. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first preformulation study which aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of 95 % ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf.
{"title":"Preformulation, stress stability studies and HPLC-UV method development and validation for 95 % ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves","authors":"Harith Jameel Mahdi Alsammarraie, N. Khan, R. Mahmud, M. Asmawi, V. Murugaiyah","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.101867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.101867","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: There is a continuous expansion in number of botanical medicinal products and increase in consumers who often use it. One of such natural source products with versatile traditional uses as treatment for variety of diseases is Moringa oleifera Lam. Objectives: After the pharmacological activity of a new drug candidate is approved, the subsequent development of this product requires substantial information about its physical and chemical properties before designing its dosage form. Methods: Organoleptic properties, physicochemical characteristics, solubility profile, swelling index, partition coefficient, analyses of thermal behaviour, stress stability, heavy metals and microbial limit tests were performed in preformulation studies of 95 % ethanol extract of M. oleifera leaves. Results: The results of preformulation studies illustrated several characteristic properties that should be consider during formulation of Moringa extract. In addition to that, a HPLC-UV method for simultaneous detection and quantification of three reference markers was developed and validated. Conclusion: The 95 % ethanol extract of Moringa leaf is relevant to the development of phytomedicines, dietary supplements or cosmetics. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first preformulation study which aimed to determine the physicochemical properties of 95 % ethanol extract of Moringa oleifera leaf.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"118 1","pages":"114-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80288912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.101863
K. Hamad, Manal M. Sabry, Sabah H. Elgayed, Abdel-Rahman El Shabrawy, A. El-Fishawy
Aim of Study: Combretum aculeatum Vent is commonly used in traditional medicine but no published botanical characterization was available. Macro- and microscopical characters of the aerial parts (leaf, stem and bark) have been studied with the aim to find the diagnostic features, and pointed towards their identification in both entire and powdered form. Results: Proximate analysis like moisture contents (7.52 %), total ash (14.09%), water-soluble ash (0.7%), acid-insoluble ash (2.99%) and alcohol soluble extract (9.5%) were determined. Percentage yield of sequential extractive values of sample in petroleum ether (1.85%), methylene chloride (0.92%), ethyl acetate (2.2%) and n-butanol (1.66%) were also evaluated. Total phenolic content was found to be 2.47 µg GAE/mg (0.25%) and total flavonoid content 7.96 µg QE/mg (0.8%) of dried ethanolic extract. The phenolic and flavonoids profiles of the ethanolic extract were determined using HPLC. Luteolin, naringin and quercetin were the major identified flavonoids and ellagic acid and vanillic acid were the major identified phenolic compounds. Ethanolic extract, as well as its subfractions (petroleum ether, methylene chloride and ethylacetate/butanol) showed significant molluscicidal activity against the snails of Biomphalaria at dose of 1mg/ml and 1.2mg/ml and anthelmintic activity against Toxocara vitrurorum worm.
{"title":"Pharmacognostical Study of Combretum aculeatum Vent. Growing in Sudan","authors":"K. Hamad, Manal M. Sabry, Sabah H. Elgayed, Abdel-Rahman El Shabrawy, A. El-Fishawy","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.101863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.101863","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of Study: Combretum aculeatum Vent is commonly used in traditional medicine but no published botanical characterization was available. Macro- and microscopical characters of the aerial parts (leaf, stem and bark) have been studied with the aim to find the diagnostic features, and pointed towards their identification in both entire and powdered form. Results: Proximate analysis like moisture contents (7.52 %), total ash (14.09%), water-soluble ash (0.7%), acid-insoluble ash (2.99%) and alcohol soluble extract (9.5%) were determined. Percentage yield of sequential extractive values of sample in petroleum ether (1.85%), methylene chloride (0.92%), ethyl acetate (2.2%) and n-butanol (1.66%) were also evaluated. Total phenolic content was found to be 2.47 µg GAE/mg (0.25%) and total flavonoid content 7.96 µg QE/mg (0.8%) of dried ethanolic extract. The phenolic and flavonoids profiles of the ethanolic extract were determined using HPLC. Luteolin, naringin and quercetin were the major identified flavonoids and ellagic acid and vanillic acid were the major identified phenolic compounds. Ethanolic extract, as well as its subfractions (petroleum ether, methylene chloride and ethylacetate/butanol) showed significant molluscicidal activity against the snails of Biomphalaria at dose of 1mg/ml and 1.2mg/ml and anthelmintic activity against Toxocara vitrurorum worm.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"76 1","pages":"105-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80177676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-01DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.101872
S. Awofisayo, M. I. Arhewoh, A. Okhamafe
Aim: This study aims at assessing the effect of some meals/beverage and selected drugs on oral absorption of artemether (ATM) and lumefantrine (LMF). Methods: In the in situ model, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) tablets were crushed and administered to anesthetized rabbits (n=2) via oral cannula either alone (CTR1) or with food components/beverage [i.e., starch (STC), albumin (ALB), sunflower oil (SFO) or carbonated drinks (CBS)] or drugs [i.e., lamivudine (LMV) or metronidazole (MTN)]. Blood samples were taken from cannulated carotid artery post dose administration. In the in vivo model, forty two healthy human subjects (28 male and 14 female) in groups of six persons received AL tablet alone (CRT2) or “eba” (cassava starch) with melon soup (EMS) or corn pap with milk and “akara” (fried beans cake) (PMA) or fruits (FTS) or CBS or drugs (i.e., LMV or MTN). ATM and LMF plasma concentrations were obtained simultaneously from plasma using reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis. Results: There was significant reduction in ATM Ka due to STC, ALB, CBS, MTN and LMV (Ka ≤ 1.371 h-1) compared with CRT1 (3.567 h-1), p < 0.05). LMV and MTN also reduced the Ka and AUC of ATM and LMF, p < 0.05. Similarly, in vivo study showed significantly lower ATM AUC and Ka values for EMS (0.775 µghmL-1 and 0.041 h-1) and CBS (0.248 µghmL-1 and 4.155 h-1) compared with the CRT2 (6.090 µghmL-1 and 0.362 h-1). Conclusion: EMS or CBS resulted in significant reduction in the bioavailability of ATM and LMF and can influence the treatment outcomes.
目的:研究部分膳食/饮料及选定药物对蒿甲醚(ATM)和氨苯曲明(LMF)口服吸收的影响。方法:在原位模型中，将蒿甲醚-甲苯胺(AL)片粉碎后，通过口服导管单独给药(CTR1)或与食物成分/饮料[如淀粉(STC)、白蛋白(ALB)、葵花籽油(SFO)或碳酸饮料(CBS)]或药物[如拉米夫定(LMV)或甲硝唑(MTN)]给药(n=2)。给药后从颈动脉插管处取血样。在体内模型中，42名健康人类受试者(男性28人，女性14人)每6人一组单独服用AL片剂(CRT2)或“eba”(木薯淀粉)加瓜汤(EMS)或玉米饼加牛奶和“akara”(炸豆饼)(PMA)或水果(FTS)或CBS或药物(即LMV或MTN)。采用反相高压液相色谱法同时测定血浆中ATM和LMF浓度。结果:与CRT1 (3.567 h-1)相比，STC、ALB、CBS、MTN、LMV导致的ATM Ka (Ka≤1.371 h-1)明显降低(p < 0.05)。LMV和MTN降低了ATM和LMF的Ka和AUC, p < 0.05。同样，体内研究显示，与CRT2(6.090µghmL-1和0.362 h-1)相比，EMS(0.775µghmL-1和0.041 h-1)和CBS(0.248µghmL-1和4.155 h-1)的ATM AUC和Ka值显著降低。结论:EMS或CBS可显著降低ATM和LMF的生物利用度，影响治疗效果。
{"title":"Effect of Food/Beverage and Selected Drugs on the Oral Absorption of Artemether-Lumefantrine Tablet: an in situ and in vivo Study","authors":"S. Awofisayo, M. I. Arhewoh, A. Okhamafe","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.101872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.101872","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims at assessing the effect of some meals/beverage and selected drugs on oral absorption of artemether (ATM) and lumefantrine (LMF). Methods: In the in situ model, artemether-lumefantrine (AL) tablets were crushed and administered to anesthetized rabbits (n=2) via oral cannula either alone (CTR1) or with food components/beverage [i.e., starch (STC), albumin (ALB), sunflower oil (SFO) or carbonated drinks (CBS)] or drugs [i.e., lamivudine (LMV) or metronidazole (MTN)]. Blood samples were taken from cannulated carotid artery post dose administration. In the in vivo model, forty two healthy human subjects (28 male and 14 female) in groups of six persons received AL tablet alone (CRT2) or “eba” (cassava starch) with melon soup (EMS) or corn pap with milk and “akara” (fried beans cake) (PMA) or fruits (FTS) or CBS or drugs (i.e., LMV or MTN). ATM and LMF plasma concentrations were obtained simultaneously from plasma using reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatographic analysis. Results: There was significant reduction in ATM Ka due to STC, ALB, CBS, MTN and LMV (Ka ≤ 1.371 h-1) compared with CRT1 (3.567 h-1), p < 0.05). LMV and MTN also reduced the Ka and AUC of ATM and LMF, p < 0.05. Similarly, in vivo study showed significantly lower ATM AUC and Ka values for EMS (0.775 µghmL-1 and 0.041 h-1) and CBS (0.248 µghmL-1 and 4.155 h-1) compared with the CRT2 (6.090 µghmL-1 and 0.362 h-1). Conclusion: EMS or CBS resulted in significant reduction in the bioavailability of ATM and LMF and can influence the treatment outcomes.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"32 1","pages":"137-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75604224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-21DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.16563.1053
R. Sayed, Mona Elrefay, AbirA. Elfiky, Hala F Zaki
Snake venom (SV), bee venom (BV) and their bioactive components are unique sources for cancer therapy development. The present study evaluated the anticancer potential of SV, BV and their major components (SV phospholipase A2 (svPLA2), melittin (MEL) and BV phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2)) against human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3). Cytotoxicity was conducted using MTT biochemical assay. Genotoxicity was performed using real tine PCR for detection of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes as well as the biomarker genes for prostate cancer. Cell arrest accumulation was highlighted using flowcytometry. MTT assay showed that treatment with SV and BV and their major components resulted in cellular morphological changes and significant cytotoxic effects in PC3. Furthermore, our results indicate that the svPLA2 gives much lower cytotoxic effect than the crude SV in PC3 cells in the highest tested concentration of 100 µg/ml. On the other hand, the major components of BV (bvPLA2 and MEL) showed more potent efficacy on PC3 cells than the crude BV. Interestingly, we showed that SV, svPLA2, BV, bvPLA2 and MEL suppressed the mRNA expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, while increased the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Moreover, they decreased the overexpressed prostate tumor marker genes. The cell cycle analysis showed that SV and svPLA2 arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, while BV, bvPLA2 and MEL arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that SV, BV and their major components inhibit prostate cancer possibly via triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.
{"title":"Snake venom, bee venom and their components exert an anti-cancer effect by triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in prostate cancer","authors":"R. Sayed, Mona Elrefay, AbirA. Elfiky, Hala F Zaki","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.16563.1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.16563.1053","url":null,"abstract":"Snake venom (SV), bee venom (BV) and their bioactive components are unique sources for cancer therapy development. The present study evaluated the anticancer potential of SV, BV and their major components (SV phospholipase A2 (svPLA2), melittin (MEL) and BV phospholipase A2 (bvPLA2)) against human prostate adenocarcinoma (PC3). Cytotoxicity was conducted using MTT biochemical assay. Genotoxicity was performed using real tine PCR for detection of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic genes as well as the biomarker genes for prostate cancer. Cell arrest accumulation was highlighted using flowcytometry. MTT assay showed that treatment with SV and BV and their major components resulted in cellular morphological changes and significant cytotoxic effects in PC3. Furthermore, our results indicate that the svPLA2 gives much lower cytotoxic effect than the crude SV in PC3 cells in the highest tested concentration of 100 µg/ml. On the other hand, the major components of BV (bvPLA2 and MEL) showed more potent efficacy on PC3 cells than the crude BV. Interestingly, we showed that SV, svPLA2, BV, bvPLA2 and MEL suppressed the mRNA expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, while increased the mRNA expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Moreover, they decreased the overexpressed prostate tumor marker genes. The cell cycle analysis showed that SV and svPLA2 arrested the cell cycle at G0/G1 phase, while BV, bvPLA2 and MEL arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase. In conclusion, our work demonstrated that SV, BV and their major components inhibit prostate cancer possibly via triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73461730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.7956.1011
O. M. Ibrahim, M. Rashrash, Sameh S. M. Soliman
Background: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a term used for practices and use of products other than conventional standard evidence-based medical care.Objective: To assess the CAM knowledge and utilization among University of Sharjah students, UAE.Method: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. 250 surveys among UOS students were distributed. The data was obtained through a well-designed questionnaire of 3 main categories. The first part was designed to collect socio-demographic data, while the second part mainly measured CAM knowledge and the practicing pattern. The last section was developed to assess CAM beliefs and psychological behavior behind CAM utilization.Results: 214 participants agreed to participate (response rate 85.6%), and 81% reported their belief in CAM as medical therapy. The reason behind their belief in CAM was due to efficacy (37%) and safety (21%). Approximately 74% of participants claimed their CAM knowledge, and the most frequently used CAM therapy was cupping. Most participants (47%) gained their knowledge from regular courses offered by UOS. Around 33% of the participants consult their physicians before utilizing CAM therapy. However, 42% utilized CAM by unlicensed practitioners.Conclusion: Obtained results indicated the high level of CAM knowledge among UOS students in particular females while cupping being the most frequent used CAM therapy. The main reasons justifying the use of cupping was religion, and cultural-based. The lack of sufficient scientific data and the minimal link between the physician and the consumers were the main obstacles attributed to the limited use of CAM.
{"title":"Perception and utilization of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among University of Sharjah (UOS) students","authors":"O. M. Ibrahim, M. Rashrash, Sameh S. M. Soliman","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.7956.1011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.7956.1011","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) is a term used for practices and use of products other than conventional standard evidence-based medical care.Objective: To assess the CAM knowledge and utilization among University of Sharjah students, UAE.Method: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted. 250 surveys among UOS students were distributed. The data was obtained through a well-designed questionnaire of 3 main categories. The first part was designed to collect socio-demographic data, while the second part mainly measured CAM knowledge and the practicing pattern. The last section was developed to assess CAM beliefs and psychological behavior behind CAM utilization.Results: 214 participants agreed to participate (response rate 85.6%), and 81% reported their belief in CAM as medical therapy. The reason behind their belief in CAM was due to efficacy (37%) and safety (21%). Approximately 74% of participants claimed their CAM knowledge, and the most frequently used CAM therapy was cupping. Most participants (47%) gained their knowledge from regular courses offered by UOS. Around 33% of the participants consult their physicians before utilizing CAM therapy. However, 42% utilized CAM by unlicensed practitioners.Conclusion: Obtained results indicated the high level of CAM knowledge among UOS students in particular females while cupping being the most frequent used CAM therapy. The main reasons justifying the use of cupping was religion, and cultural-based. The lack of sufficient scientific data and the minimal link between the physician and the consumers were the main obstacles attributed to the limited use of CAM.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85387565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.47261
Imam Aminu, Alakoso Jumoke Teslimat, W. Victoria, C. Samson, Oyewole Lukuman Aboyeji, O. Olatunbosun, Shittu Toyin Sheu-Tijani, Ajao Moyosore Saliu
Oxidative damages in organophosphates poisoning is associated with neuro-cognitive deficits. This study investigates the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in mitigating dichlorvos (DDVP) induced oxidative damage and neuro-cognitive impairment in rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups, exposed to 1 ml/kg of normal saline, 8.8 mg/kg of DDVP, DDVP + 1 ml/kg of NSO and NSO respectively for 14 consecutive days. Body weights were recorded at day 1 and 15 of the experiment, the rats were exposed to 3 trials each on the 11, 12 and 13th days in the Morris water maze, and subsequently latency to hidden platform and time in the platform quadrant were recorded as measures of long term memory (LTM), short term memory (STM) and reference memory on the 14th day. The rats were euthanized on the 15th day, the brains excised and the hippocampi of five brains in each group were removed, homogenized to analyze for total reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrous oxide (NO) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, while the other three were processed for histology and Ki67 immunohistochemistry. DDVP exposure caused a significant increase in hippocampal NO and ROS levels, with reductions in AChE activities and Ki67 protein expression. This was associated with delayed escape latency and reduced time in platform quadrant. NSO intervention prevented outburst in ROS and NO, preserved the neurogenic cells and improved neuro-cognitive indices. We thus conclude that stabilizing oxidative and neurogenic functions are vital to protect against DDVP hippocampal insults.
{"title":"Nigella sativa oil protected the hippocampus against Acetyl cholinesterase and oxidative dysfunctions-driven impaired working memory in rats","authors":"Imam Aminu, Alakoso Jumoke Teslimat, W. Victoria, C. Samson, Oyewole Lukuman Aboyeji, O. Olatunbosun, Shittu Toyin Sheu-Tijani, Ajao Moyosore Saliu","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.47261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.47261","url":null,"abstract":"Oxidative damages in organophosphates poisoning is associated with neuro-cognitive deficits. This study investigates the protective effect of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in mitigating dichlorvos (DDVP) induced oxidative damage and neuro-cognitive impairment in rats. Thirty-two rats were randomly divided into four groups, exposed to 1 ml/kg of normal saline, 8.8 mg/kg of DDVP, DDVP + 1 ml/kg of NSO and NSO respectively for 14 consecutive days. Body weights were recorded at day 1 and 15 of the experiment, the rats were exposed to 3 trials each on the 11, 12 and 13th days in the Morris water maze, and subsequently latency to hidden platform and time in the platform quadrant were recorded as measures of long term memory (LTM), short term memory (STM) and reference memory on the 14th day. The rats were euthanized on the 15th day, the brains excised and the hippocampi of five brains in each group were removed, homogenized to analyze for total reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrous oxide (NO) levels and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities, while the other three were processed for histology and Ki67 immunohistochemistry. DDVP exposure caused a significant increase in hippocampal NO and ROS levels, with reductions in AChE activities and Ki67 protein expression. This was associated with delayed escape latency and reduced time in platform quadrant. NSO intervention prevented outburst in ROS and NO, preserved the neurogenic cells and improved neuro-cognitive indices. We thus conclude that stabilizing oxidative and neurogenic functions are vital to protect against DDVP hippocampal insults.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88193485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.47260
K. Mali, S. Dhawale, R. Dias, V. Ghorpade
Tamarind seed polysaccharide is an emerging excipient, which is being used and investigated for the preparation of various dosage forms. Functionalization of tamarind gum (TG) enhances the properties of native tamarind polysaccharide like degradability, hydration, viscosity and swelling. Due to these excellent properties, researchers investigated the application of modified TG in various drug delivery systems. TG and modified TG are found to be appropriate for the designing of oral, nasal, ophthalmic, colonic and topical drug delivery systems. Moreover, they are used in the preparation of hydrogel-based drug delivery systems and novel drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles. Considering the above facts, additional research work is required to confirm the pharmaceutical uses of TG and modified TG in drug delivery. The current review deals with a comprehensive and valuable discussion on pharmaceutical applications of TG and modified TG.
{"title":"Delivery of drugs using tamarind gum and modified tamarind gum: A review","authors":"K. Mali, S. Dhawale, R. Dias, V. Ghorpade","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.47260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.47260","url":null,"abstract":"Tamarind seed polysaccharide is an emerging excipient, which is being used and investigated for the preparation of various dosage forms. Functionalization of tamarind gum (TG) enhances the properties of native tamarind polysaccharide like degradability, hydration, viscosity and swelling. Due to these excellent properties, researchers investigated the application of modified TG in various drug delivery systems. TG and modified TG are found to be appropriate for the designing of oral, nasal, ophthalmic, colonic and topical drug delivery systems. Moreover, they are used in the preparation of hydrogel-based drug delivery systems and novel drug delivery systems such as nanoparticles. Considering the above facts, additional research work is required to confirm the pharmaceutical uses of TG and modified TG in drug delivery. The current review deals with a comprehensive and valuable discussion on pharmaceutical applications of TG and modified TG.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84995445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.13532.1039
Z. Khan, N. Ahmed, A. Rehman, F. Khan, M. A. P. Martins
Antibiotic prophylaxis usage is one of the main actions to prevent and reduce rate of surgical site infections. Antimicrobial stewardship programme is also focused on audit of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP). The objective of study was to evaluate the appropriateness of SAP and their pattern of utilization in two tertiary-care teaching hospitals in Islamabad (Pakistan). A total of 965 elective surgeries were performed during the 9 months study period. The two most common elective surgical procedures were Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and Direct right inguinal hernia, that were performed on 443 patients. Adherence to the Standard International Guidelines (CDC, 2017) about appropriate use of antibiotic and timing of administration were main outcomes. The mean age of patients was 43.5±16.3 years. SAP was appropriate according to guidelines in only 5% (n=22) of cases. Appropriate use of SAP was greater in direct right inguinal hernia (10%) than laparoscopic cholecystectomy (1.2%) surgery; P = 0.001. The drug of choice cefazolin was only prescribed to 4.2% (19 out of 443) of patients. Timing of administration was appropriate in 50.8% (225 out of 443) of the procedures. Compliance with timing was significantly lower in Hospital GH (32%) as compared to Hospital PH (71%); P < 0.001. Length of stay was significantly different (P = 0.001) between surgical procedures. The most common antibiotics used inappropriately were ceftriaxone and Cefuroxime. Present study found an overall low adherence to SAP mainly regarding choice and timing of administration. Educational intervention and urgent need for implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programme are required.
{"title":"Practice of prophylactic antibiotic and timing of administration in two common elective surgeries in Pakistan: An audit-based study","authors":"Z. Khan, N. Ahmed, A. Rehman, F. Khan, M. A. P. Martins","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.13532.1039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.13532.1039","url":null,"abstract":"Antibiotic prophylaxis usage is one of the main actions to prevent and reduce rate of surgical site infections. Antimicrobial stewardship programme is also focused on audit of surgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP). The objective of study was to evaluate the appropriateness of SAP and their pattern of utilization in two tertiary-care teaching hospitals in Islamabad (Pakistan). A total of 965 elective surgeries were performed during the 9 months study period. The two most common elective surgical procedures were Laparoscopic cholecystectomy and Direct right inguinal hernia, that were performed on 443 patients. Adherence to the Standard International Guidelines (CDC, 2017) about appropriate use of antibiotic and timing of administration were main outcomes. The mean age of patients was 43.5±16.3 years. SAP was appropriate according to guidelines in only 5% (n=22) of cases. Appropriate use of SAP was greater in direct right inguinal hernia (10%) than laparoscopic cholecystectomy (1.2%) surgery; P = 0.001. The drug of choice cefazolin was only prescribed to 4.2% (19 out of 443) of patients. Timing of administration was appropriate in 50.8% (225 out of 443) of the procedures. Compliance with timing was significantly lower in Hospital GH (32%) as compared to Hospital PH (71%); P < 0.001. Length of stay was significantly different (P = 0.001) between surgical procedures. The most common antibiotics used inappropriately were ceftriaxone and Cefuroxime. Present study found an overall low adherence to SAP mainly regarding choice and timing of administration. Educational intervention and urgent need for implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programme are required.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84101904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.7213.1000
Samar O. Gouda, A. Saad, M. Abbassi, S. Farid
The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) related to antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents in Egypt. We extracted all ADR reports of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code L) that were reported to Egyptian Pharmaceutical Vigilance Center (EPVC) from January 2011 to December 2015 using VigiLyze TM. Afterwards, these reports were analyzed and categorized by age, sex, reporter qualification, seriousness, type of ADRs, medications, indications of use and causality. During the study period, 1905 reports related to antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents were received; 44.6% of which were reported by consumers and 56.8% by health care professionals. ADRs were serious in 13.3% and 65.1% of the cases reported by consumers and healthcare professionals, respectively. Approximately half (52.5%) of the reported ADRs occurred in females and only 8.4% occurred in children. Half of the reported ADRs ( 51.5%) occurred in middle aged group (45- 64 years). The most reported classes at the therapeutic level were immunostimulants (ATC code L03) and antineoplastic agents (ATC code L01). The most frequently reported medication was peg-interferon alfa-2a. The majority of ADRs were of the type "general disorders and administration site conditions" and "gastrointestinal disorders". In conclusion, ADRs caused by immunostimulants especially interferons have higher tendency to be reported in Egypt especially in the middle-aged group. Additionally, the study has shown that serious ADRs of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents were more likely to be reported by healthcare professionals rather than consumers.
{"title":"Adverse drug reactions of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents reported to the Egyptian Pharmaceutical Vigilance Center","authors":"Samar O. Gouda, A. Saad, M. Abbassi, S. Farid","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.7213.1000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.7213.1000","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) related to antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents in Egypt. We extracted all ADR reports of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) code L) that were reported to Egyptian Pharmaceutical Vigilance Center (EPVC) from January 2011 to December 2015 using VigiLyze TM. Afterwards, these reports were analyzed and categorized by age, sex, reporter qualification, seriousness, type of ADRs, medications, indications of use and causality. During the study period, 1905 reports related to antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents were received; 44.6% of which were reported by consumers and 56.8% by health care professionals. ADRs were serious in 13.3% and 65.1% of the cases reported by consumers and healthcare professionals, respectively. Approximately half (52.5%) of the reported ADRs occurred in females and only 8.4% occurred in children. Half of the reported ADRs ( 51.5%) occurred in middle aged group (45- 64 years). The most reported classes at the therapeutic level were immunostimulants (ATC code L03) and antineoplastic agents (ATC code L01). The most frequently reported medication was peg-interferon alfa-2a. The majority of ADRs were of the type \"general disorders and administration site conditions\" and \"gastrointestinal disorders\". In conclusion, ADRs caused by immunostimulants especially interferons have higher tendency to be reported in Egypt especially in the middle-aged group. Additionally, the study has shown that serious ADRs of antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents were more likely to be reported by healthcare professionals rather than consumers.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85135983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.21608/bfpc.2019.10413.1019
Shimaa Metwally Abdou, N. A. El-Boghdady, A. M. A. El-Maksoud, S. Khairy, M. El-Sawalhi
Stunting represents a worldwide nutritional problem, which has many negative effects on child health and development. This study aimed to investigate the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), total ghrelin and insulin resistance, as well as certain micronutrients affecting children growth and skeletal maturity in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children. Stunted children were selected to have height for age Z score (HAZ) -2. Stunted children were further classified according to weight for age Z score into normal and underweight groups. All stunted children exhibited significantly lower serum levels of IGF-1, Ca, and Mg compared to normal control children. Additionally, both normal weight and underweight groups showed insignificantly higher total ghrelin levels than the control values. Only stunted underweight children showed significantly lower serum Zn levels compared to control children. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in serum glucose and insulin levels, pancreatic beta cell function and insulin resistance between different study groups. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of early detection of abnormalities in growth hormone / IGF-1 axis and micronutrients levels in hope that appropriate intervention strategies could improve their status to obtain full growth potential in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children.
{"title":"Evaluation of insulin-like growth factor-1, total ghrelin, and insulin resistance in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children","authors":"Shimaa Metwally Abdou, N. A. El-Boghdady, A. M. A. El-Maksoud, S. Khairy, M. El-Sawalhi","doi":"10.21608/bfpc.2019.10413.1019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/bfpc.2019.10413.1019","url":null,"abstract":"Stunting represents a worldwide nutritional problem, which has many negative effects on child health and development. This study aimed to investigate the levels of insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1), total ghrelin and insulin resistance, as well as certain micronutrients affecting children growth and skeletal maturity in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children. Stunted children were selected to have height for age Z score (HAZ) -2. Stunted children were further classified according to weight for age Z score into normal and underweight groups. All stunted children exhibited significantly lower serum levels of IGF-1, Ca, and Mg compared to normal control children. Additionally, both normal weight and underweight groups showed insignificantly higher total ghrelin levels than the control values. Only stunted underweight children showed significantly lower serum Zn levels compared to control children. Meanwhile, no significant differences were observed in serum glucose and insulin levels, pancreatic beta cell function and insulin resistance between different study groups. In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of early detection of abnormalities in growth hormone / IGF-1 axis and micronutrients levels in hope that appropriate intervention strategies could improve their status to obtain full growth potential in nutritionally stunted Egyptian children.","PeriodicalId":9369,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90528858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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