G. Kadıoğlu Şimşek, S. Arayici, M. Buyuktiryaki, Nilüfer Okur, G. Kanmaz Kutman, Ş. Oğuz
Objective: Meconium ileus of preterm infant is a kind of intestinal obstruction. There is no standard medical treatment of meconium ileus of preterm infant. Study Design: During the study period, preterm infants under 1250 g and have clinical signs of meconium obstruction were retrospectively included in the study. In the first two days, rectal saline and metoclopramide started and if not respond these infants assigned to receive oral or rectal n-acetyl cysteine and control group remained to receive a saline enema. Results: One hundred and twenty-one infants were included in the study. Thirty-four of them received oral n-acetyl cysteine (group 1) and fifty-two had treated with rectal n-acetyl cysteine (group 2), thirty-five of them served as a control group (group 3). The mean gestational ages were 28, 28, 27 weeks and birthweights were 942, 1010, 965 grams for group 1 & 2 & 3 respectively. There was a difference between groups for reaching full enteral feedings (13 ±2, 13 ±3, 15±3, group 1 & 2 & 3 respectively, p=0.001). Conclusion: According to this study, it can be stated that orally administered n-acetyl cysteine is tolerable and as effective as rectal n-acetyl cysteine when used for MIPI.
{"title":"Oral N - Acetyl Cysteine for Meconium Ileus of Preterm Infants","authors":"G. Kadıoğlu Şimşek, S. Arayici, M. Buyuktiryaki, Nilüfer Okur, G. Kanmaz Kutman, Ş. Oğuz","doi":"10.21613/GORM.2019.930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/GORM.2019.930","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Meconium ileus of preterm infant is a kind of intestinal obstruction. There is no standard medical treatment of meconium ileus of preterm infant. Study Design: During the study period, preterm infants under 1250 g and have clinical signs of meconium obstruction were retrospectively included in the study. In the first two days, rectal saline and metoclopramide started and if not respond these infants assigned to receive oral or rectal n-acetyl cysteine and control group remained to receive a saline enema. Results: One hundred and twenty-one infants were included in the study. Thirty-four of them received oral n-acetyl cysteine (group 1) and fifty-two had treated with rectal n-acetyl cysteine (group 2), thirty-five of them served as a control group (group 3). The mean gestational ages were 28, 28, 27 weeks and birthweights were 942, 1010, 965 grams for group 1 & 2 & 3 respectively. There was a difference between groups for reaching full enteral feedings (13 ±2, 13 ±3, 15±3, group 1 & 2 & 3 respectively, p=0.001). Conclusion: According to this study, it can be stated that orally administered n-acetyl cysteine is tolerable and as effective as rectal n-acetyl cysteine when used for MIPI.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79085633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis remains a major cause of genital tract infection and can cause undesirable consequences, such as female infertility. Adolescent girls are physiologically more vulnerable to genital tract infection than older women and need regular screening for genital pathogens. We, therefore, saw the need to screen teenage high school girls in the Anambra State of Nigeria for Chlamydia trachomatis and other potential urogenital pathogens. Study design: This was a Cross sectional study involving 100 randomly selected high school girls, aged 13-18 years, who consented to the study. High vaginal swab samples were collected from the subjects and were analyzed microbiologically; genomic DNA was extracted from each specimen and subjected to PCR analysis. Semi-structured, pre-tested, questionnaires were used to collect relevant bio-data from the participants. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test and percentages. Results: Of the 100 girls, 47(47%) harbored sexually transmissible pathogens in the vagina. Overall, sixty five different kinds of potential urogenital pathogens were recovered, some in co-infection. Organisms represented were as follows: Chlamydia trachomatis, 4(4%); genital Mycoplasmas, 10(10%); Ureaplasmas, 10(10%); Gardnerella vaginalis, 10(10%); and Candida 31(31%). Majority of the girls sought medical treatment from sources other than the hospitals (X2 = 75.9017; p< 0.05). Conclusion: Results showed that sexually transmitted pathogens were common in the high school girls, and alerts of the need for regular vaginal screening and proper medical enlightenment of the adolescents.
{"title":"Vaginal Carriage of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Other Sexually Transmissible Pathogens Among Adolescents in Nigeria","authors":"F. Emele, N. Agbakoba, C. Chukwuka, C. Oguejiofor","doi":"10.21613/GORM.2018.893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/GORM.2018.893","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis remains a major cause of genital tract infection and can cause undesirable consequences, such as female infertility. Adolescent girls are physiologically more vulnerable to genital tract infection than older women and need regular screening for genital pathogens. We, therefore, saw the need to screen teenage high school girls in the Anambra State of Nigeria for Chlamydia trachomatis and other potential urogenital pathogens. Study design: This was a Cross sectional study involving 100 randomly selected high school girls, aged 13-18 years, who consented to the study. High vaginal swab samples were collected from the subjects and were analyzed microbiologically; genomic DNA was extracted from each specimen and subjected to PCR analysis. Semi-structured, pre-tested, questionnaires were used to collect relevant bio-data from the participants. The results were analyzed using Chi-square test and percentages. Results: Of the 100 girls, 47(47%) harbored sexually transmissible pathogens in the vagina. Overall, sixty five different kinds of potential urogenital pathogens were recovered, some in co-infection. Organisms represented were as follows: Chlamydia trachomatis, 4(4%); genital Mycoplasmas, 10(10%); Ureaplasmas, 10(10%); Gardnerella vaginalis, 10(10%); and Candida 31(31%). Majority of the girls sought medical treatment from sources other than the hospitals (X2 = 75.9017; p< 0.05). Conclusion: Results showed that sexually transmitted pathogens were common in the high school girls, and alerts of the need for regular vaginal screening and proper medical enlightenment of the adolescents.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89640332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Çetinkaya, Pelin Aribal Ayral, S. Çetinkaya, N. Yazıhan, Seyma Fadiloglu, M. Atasever, O. Erel
Objective: The mechanism of the leiomyoma formation process is still unknown. However, the menstrual cycle is associated with hypoxia, and ongoing hypoxia is associated with cellular events leading to the conversion of myometrial cells into uterine fibroids. After the hypoxic environment, the balance of cellular cytokines and growth factors changes. It was planned to evaluate the balance of oxidative agents and the role of oxidative stress in the formation of uterine fibroids. Study Design: The study was conducted in patients of gynecology outpatient clinic of Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital. Those volunteers with fibroids formed the study group, and the healthy ones were identified as the control group. A total of 64 subjects, 32 in both groups were included. The levels of catalase, ceruloplasmin, myeloperoxidase, native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol levels were investigated in groups. Results: Antioxidant parameters such as native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol levels were significantly decreased in uterine fibroid group. Catalase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels were not statistically different between groups. Conclusion: Decrease in these antioxidant parameters showed that the hypoxia and the balance of oxidant and antioxidant substances changes may probably have associated with the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids.
{"title":"Level of Certain Oxidants and Antioxidants in Patients with Uterine Fibroids","authors":"K. Çetinkaya, Pelin Aribal Ayral, S. Çetinkaya, N. Yazıhan, Seyma Fadiloglu, M. Atasever, O. Erel","doi":"10.21613/GORM.2019.955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/GORM.2019.955","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The mechanism of the leiomyoma formation process is still unknown. However, the menstrual cycle is associated with hypoxia, and ongoing hypoxia is associated with cellular events leading to the conversion of myometrial cells into uterine fibroids. After the hypoxic environment, the balance of cellular cytokines and growth factors changes. It was planned to evaluate the balance of oxidative agents and the role of oxidative stress in the formation of uterine fibroids. Study Design: The study was conducted in patients of gynecology outpatient clinic of Ankara Oncology Training and Research Hospital. Those volunteers with fibroids formed the study group, and the healthy ones were identified as the control group. A total of 64 subjects, 32 in both groups were included. The levels of catalase, ceruloplasmin, myeloperoxidase, native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol levels were investigated in groups. Results: Antioxidant parameters such as native thiol, disulfide, and total thiol levels were significantly decreased in uterine fibroid group. Catalase, ceruloplasmin, and myeloperoxidase levels were not statistically different between groups. Conclusion: Decrease in these antioxidant parameters showed that the hypoxia and the balance of oxidant and antioxidant substances changes may probably have associated with the pathophysiology of uterine fibroids.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87019220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a relationship between placental thickness and the umbilical artery and uterine artery Doppler evaluation in the second trimester. STUDY DESIGN: The placental thickness and the umbilical artery and uterine artery Doppler evaluations were recorded by a single operator for patients who were admitted for an obstetric follow-up or fetal anatomy screening at 18-28 gestational weeks. The relation between these variables was investigated by evaluating the patients only once. RESULTS: In our study, the mean placental thickness was 31.7 (SD±8.01) mm. The umbilical artery Doppler parameters did not correlate with the placental thickness. The uterine artery Doppler systolic/diastolic velocity, Pulsatility index and Resistance index values positively correlated with the placental thickness. However, these correlations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no relationship between the placental thickness and obstetric Doppler parameters in this study, we suggest that they are likely important factors and their significance should be evaluated in future studies
{"title":"Evaluation of the Relationship Between Placental Thickness and Obstetric Doppler Parameters During the Second Trimester","authors":"E. Aydın, A. N. Bulut","doi":"10.21613/gorm.2019.1016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/gorm.2019.1016","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there is a relationship between placental thickness and the umbilical artery and uterine artery Doppler evaluation in the second trimester. STUDY DESIGN: The placental thickness and the umbilical artery and uterine artery Doppler evaluations were recorded by a single operator for patients who were admitted for an obstetric follow-up or fetal anatomy screening at 18-28 gestational weeks. The relation between these variables was investigated by evaluating the patients only once. RESULTS: In our study, the mean placental thickness was 31.7 (SD±8.01) mm. The umbilical artery Doppler parameters did not correlate with the placental thickness. The uterine artery Doppler systolic/diastolic velocity, Pulsatility index and Resistance index values positively correlated with the placental thickness. However, these correlations were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Although there was no relationship between the placental thickness and obstetric Doppler parameters in this study, we suggest that they are likely important factors and their significance should be evaluated in future studies","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86969131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article is about women and girls and the potential for major changes. I begin with two premises: first, the urethrovaginal gland (UVG) and its secretion, amrita, are critical elements of being a human female; and, second, there is a genetic underpinning to the robustness of UVG activity and its contribution to sexual satisfaction. The anticipation is that, in addition to facilitating women’s sexual satisfaction both through raising awareness and identifying geneticbased pharmaceuticals, we might also modestly enhance medical care and biomedical research endeavors relevant to human female sexual anatomy and physiology. However, there is substantial, almost uniform ignorance, reticence and untoward prejudice among medical professionals-both clinicians and researchers-that has compromised innumerable girls and women. Most important has been the ubiquitous incorrect presumption that the only fluid to pass through-or issue from-the female urethra is urine. The source of the other important urethral effluent, amrita, is the UVG (sometimes known as the Skene gland), but the UVG has most often been considered a fiction, a myth or irrelevant. Thus, its secretion, amrita, has similarly been considered a fiction, myth or irrelevant. Only one venue has openly acknowledged and exploited amrita: the adult movie industry. However, such endorsement predictably added to the rationales for making light of or ignoring this aspect of femininity.
{"title":"Venus Complete: Recognition of and Respect for the Urethrovaginal Gland and its Function","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jgrm.03.06.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jgrm.03.06.04","url":null,"abstract":"This article is about women and girls and the potential for major\u0000changes. I begin with two premises: first, the urethrovaginal gland\u0000(UVG) and its secretion, amrita, are critical elements of being a\u0000human female; and, second, there is a genetic underpinning to the\u0000robustness of UVG activity and its contribution to sexual satisfaction.\u0000The anticipation is that, in addition to facilitating women’s sexual\u0000satisfaction both through raising awareness and identifying geneticbased pharmaceuticals, we might also modestly enhance medical\u0000care and biomedical research endeavors relevant to human female\u0000sexual anatomy and physiology. However, there is substantial,\u0000almost uniform ignorance, reticence and untoward prejudice\u0000among medical professionals-both clinicians and researchers-that\u0000has compromised innumerable girls and women. Most important\u0000has been the ubiquitous incorrect presumption that the only fluid\u0000to pass through-or issue from-the female urethra is urine. The\u0000source of the other important urethral effluent, amrita, is the UVG\u0000(sometimes known as the Skene gland), but the UVG has most often\u0000been considered a fiction, a myth or irrelevant. Thus, its secretion,\u0000amrita, has similarly been considered a fiction, myth or irrelevant.\u0000Only one venue has openly acknowledged and exploited amrita:\u0000the adult movie industry. However, such endorsement predictably\u0000added to the rationales for making light of or ignoring this aspect\u0000of femininity.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89622047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The endoscopic assessment of cavitary organs, with the exception of the uterus, became the gold standard for cancer screening and prevention in the 21st century. The aim of this communication is to suggest to include hysteroscopy as a part of regular well women examination. The use of colonoscopy as a primary screening tool for colorectal cancer is gaining momentum due to several studies suggesting its effectiveness [1-3]. The American Cancer Society and the American College of Gastroenterology published guidelines for colorectal cancer screening in which they recommend that screening should begin at age 50 for all asymptomatic individuals. The American Cancer Society recommends that average-risk individuals obtain a flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or a colonoscopy every 10 years [1-4].
{"title":"Can the Office Hysteroscopy Become a Routine Screening Test?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jgrm.03.06.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jgrm.03.06.03","url":null,"abstract":"The endoscopic assessment of cavitary organs, with the exception\u0000of the uterus, became the gold standard for cancer screening and\u0000prevention in the 21st century. The aim of this communication is\u0000to suggest to include hysteroscopy as a part of regular well women\u0000examination. The use of colonoscopy as a primary screening tool\u0000for colorectal cancer is gaining momentum due to several studies\u0000suggesting its effectiveness [1-3]. The American Cancer Society\u0000and the American College of Gastroenterology published guidelines\u0000for colorectal cancer screening in which they recommend that\u0000screening should begin at age 50 for all asymptomatic individuals.\u0000The American Cancer Society recommends that average-risk\u0000individuals obtain a flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years or a\u0000colonoscopy every 10 years [1-4].","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84399397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Karyotyping is a technique to examine the chromosomes-abnormality or structural defects. Karyotyping can be used to detect a variety of genetic disorders. For example, a woman who has premature ovarian failure may have a chromosomal defect that karyotyping can pinpoint. In a developing country like India where cost dictates the patient courses of action it is up to government funded hospitals to make judicious decisions and make use of this technology
{"title":"Is Fetal Karyotyping A Significant Tool in Evaluation of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jgrm.03.06.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jgrm.03.06.02","url":null,"abstract":"Karyotyping is a technique to examine the chromosomes-abnormality or structural defects. Karyotyping can be\u0000used to detect a variety of genetic disorders. For example, a woman who has premature ovarian failure may have\u0000a chromosomal defect that karyotyping can pinpoint. In a developing country like India where cost dictates the\u0000patient courses of action it is up to government funded hospitals to make judicious decisions and make use of this\u0000technology","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91154055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Obesity is a very common and important health problem and it has become widespread all over the world. Fat tissue is one of the major endocrine organs. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with many diseases such as coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, impaired lipid profile. Pregnancy is a special condition with metabolic changes involving all systems. We aimed to investigate the relationship and correlation between abdominal fat and HbA1c because of the specific metabolic conditions in pregnancy. Study Design: This is a retrospective study. Ninety-nine (n=99) pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 40 were included in the present study. They have not any other chronic diseases. Ultrasonography was performed between 16.-28. weeks. Abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue was measured during 16-28 weeks of pregnancy. Routine biochemical parameters and HbA1c were evaluated. Results: Subcutaneous fat tissue had a positive correlation with metabolic parameters such as weight and BMI, and a negative correlation with vitamin D level. There is a positive strong correlation with HbA1c level. There was not any correlation between HbA1c and metabolic parameters like triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and cholesterol. Conclusion: There was a strong positive correlation between abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and HbA1c. However, we didn’t find any correlation between infant weight and metabolic parameters.
{"title":"The Relationship Between Abdominal Subcutan Fat Tissue Thickness and HbA1c in Pregnant Women","authors":"A. Demir, P. Karlı, D. Ayan","doi":"10.21613/gorm.2019.970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21613/gorm.2019.970","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Obesity is a very common and important health problem and it has become widespread all over the world. Fat tissue is one of the major endocrine organs. Subcutaneous adipose tissue is associated with many diseases such as coronary artery disease, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, impaired lipid profile. Pregnancy is a special condition with metabolic changes involving all systems. We aimed to investigate the relationship and correlation between abdominal fat and HbA1c because of the specific metabolic conditions in pregnancy. Study Design: This is a retrospective study. Ninety-nine (n=99) pregnant women between the ages of 20 and 40 were included in the present study. They have not any other chronic diseases. Ultrasonography was performed between 16.-28. weeks. Abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue was measured during 16-28 weeks of pregnancy. Routine biochemical parameters and HbA1c were evaluated. Results: Subcutaneous fat tissue had a positive correlation with metabolic parameters such as weight and BMI, and a negative correlation with vitamin D level. There is a positive strong correlation with HbA1c level. There was not any correlation between HbA1c and metabolic parameters like triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and cholesterol. Conclusion: There was a strong positive correlation between abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue thickness and HbA1c. However, we didn’t find any correlation between infant weight and metabolic parameters.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80581430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first local anesthetic to be discovered was cocaine an alkaloid in large amount (0.6 to 1.8%) on the leaves of Erythroxylon coca a shrub growing in the Andes Mountains. Vast quantities were consumed orally and annually. The plant ash when chewed releases the plant alkaloid and absorbed across the mouth mucous membrane. In 1880 Niemann noted that the tongue was numb with no sensation upon chewing this substance. It is well known that Lidocaine was absorbed across the mucous membrane.
{"title":"Local Intrauterine Anesthesia","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jgrm.03.06.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jgrm.03.06.01","url":null,"abstract":"The first local anesthetic to be discovered was cocaine an alkaloid\u0000in large amount (0.6 to 1.8%) on the leaves of Erythroxylon coca\u0000a shrub growing in the Andes Mountains. Vast quantities were\u0000consumed orally and annually. The plant ash when chewed releases\u0000the plant alkaloid and absorbed across the mouth mucous membrane.\u0000In 1880 Niemann noted that the tongue was numb with no sensation\u0000upon chewing this substance. It is well known that Lidocaine was\u0000absorbed across the mucous membrane.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90572696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neuropeptides coordinate and regulate physiological processes in all animals. Alarin is a 25 amino acid neuropeptide which promotes the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). It has been known that serum luteinizing hormone levels are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Therefore, purpose of this was to examine the association of circulating gonadotropin secretions, and alarin with women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and to compare these findings with those of control subjects in an effort to better understand the pathophysiology of PCOS. 28 participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with normal weight and 28 participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with obese and 28 control group participants were included in this case-control study. Hormone profiles of the participants (alarin, insulin, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4 ), lipid profiles total testosterone, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, cholesterol) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) values were measured. Results: Serum androgens were elevated in the PCOS. Blood LH was also elevated (P < 0.05) but was higher in PCOS than Control. Patients with PCOS had an increased alarin compared with controls. LH/FSH ratio and Alarin /FSH ratio were greater than 2.1, 2.4, respectively. The blood alarin levels were significantly correlated with the serum LH levels (r=0.492, p=0.002) and the LH/FSH ratios (r=0.450, p<0.001) and Alarin/ FSH ratios. The FSH/LH and alarin /FSH ratio were elevated in the PCOS. Based on these results, the FSH/LH and Alarin /FSH ratio appears to be a useful marker of PCOS.
{"title":"Alarin/FSH Ratio Might Be A New Biological Marker in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome\u0000Women with Normal and Women with Obese","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/jgrm.03.05.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/jgrm.03.05.04","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropeptides coordinate and regulate physiological processes in all animals. Alarin is a 25 amino acid neuropeptide which promotes the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). It has been known that serum luteinizing hormone\u0000levels are increased in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Therefore, purpose of this was to examine the association of circulating gonadotropin secretions, and alarin with women with polycystic ovary syndrome, and to compare these findings with those of control subjects in an effort to better understand the pathophysiology of PCOS. 28\u0000participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with normal weight and 28 participants with a diagnosis of PCOS with obese\u0000and 28 control group participants were included in this case-control study. Hormone profiles of the participants\u0000(alarin, insulin, estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-SO4\u0000), lipid profiles total testosterone, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein\u0000(HDL), triglyceride, cholesterol) and fasting blood sugar (FBS) values were measured. Results: Serum androgens\u0000were elevated in the PCOS. Blood LH was also elevated (P < 0.05) but was higher in PCOS than Control. Patients\u0000with PCOS had an increased alarin compared with controls. LH/FSH ratio and Alarin /FSH ratio were greater\u0000than 2.1, 2.4, respectively. The blood alarin levels were significantly correlated with the serum LH levels (r=0.492,\u0000p=0.002) and the LH/FSH ratios (r=0.450, p<0.001) and Alarin/ FSH ratios. The FSH/LH and alarin /FSH ratio\u0000were elevated in the PCOS. Based on these results, the FSH/LH and Alarin /FSH ratio appears to be a useful marker\u0000of PCOS.","PeriodicalId":93778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of gynecology, clinical obstetrics and reproductive medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83273520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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