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Management of invasive mold infections: An Indian perspective review 侵袭性霉菌感染的管理:印度的观点回顾
Nikhil Gupta, P. Prayag, R. Porwal, P. Rao
Invasive mold infections (IMIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized and immunocompromised patients. Over the last decade, the incidence of IMIs has increased at an alarming rate in India. Radiology, histopathology, and validated biomarkers play an important role in the diagnosis of IMIs, including aspergillosis and mucormycosis. Despite major advances in the field of diagnostics, newer diagnostic aids are not available in India. Further, the cost is a major consideration in the Indian context. While antifungal therapies are the mainstay of treatment for aspergillosis, surgery along with antifungal therapy is the mainstay treatment for patients with mucormycosis. Furthermore, there is a paucity of data regarding the diagnosis and management of IMIs, especially in India. This study presents an expert opinion on the diagnosis and management of IMIs in Indian settings. The key opinions proposed by the subject expert group are summarized in this paper.
侵袭性霉菌感染(IMIs)是住院和免疫功能低下患者发病和死亡的主要原因。在过去十年中,印度的imi发病率以惊人的速度增长。放射学、组织病理学和经过验证的生物标志物在IMIs的诊断中发挥重要作用,包括曲霉病和毛霉病。尽管在诊断领域取得了重大进展,但印度还没有较新的诊断辅助工具。此外,在印度的情况下,成本是一个主要考虑因素。虽然抗真菌治疗是曲霉病的主要治疗方法,但手术和抗真菌治疗是毛霉病患者的主要治疗方法。此外,特别是在印度,缺乏关于综合营养不良的诊断和管理的数据。本研究提出了一个专家意见的诊断和管理的IMIs在印度设置。本文对课题专家组提出的重点意见进行了总结。
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge and perceptions of medical students about generic medicines in a medical college in North India 北印度一所医学院医学生对仿制药的知识和看法
A. Kumari, R. Chauhan, H. Prajapati
Introduction: Prescription of generic drugs reduces the out-of-pocket expenditure on medicines by the patients. However, the lack of knowledge about generic medicines and unfavourable attitude toward them can adversely impact their prescription by doctors, as well as utilization by the patients. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the knowledge and attitude of medical students toward generic medicines. Materials and Methods: It was questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study. The study participants were final year MBBS students. Institutional Ethics Committee (IEC) approval and written informed consent of study participants were taken before starting the study. SPSS software version 26 was used for the data analysis. Results: A total of 82 participants were included in this study, 52.4% were male and 47.6% female. Fifty-two (63.41%) students were aware that generic medicines are interchangeable with innovator drugs. Forty-two (51.21%) students knew that generic medicine can be marketed after expiry date of patent drug. 91.46% agreed that generic medicines have the same strength, safety, and effectiveness as brand name medicines. 47 (57.31%) students were aware of Jan Aushadhi scheme and 62 (75.60%) participants knew that generic medicines are bioequivalent to brand name medicines. Perception: Sixty-one (74.3%) felt that use of generic medicines can decrease health-care expenditure. Fifty-seven (69.5%) students felt that the rationale behind prescribing generic medicine must be discussed with the patients while 46 (56.1%) students disagreed that therapeutic failure is more with generic medicines. Conclusion: Our study shows that medical students have inadequate knowledge but favourable attitude toward generic medicines. Regular awareness and training programs should be held for doctors, students, and general public, for enhancing the knowledge and positive perceptions toward generic medicines.
简介:仿制药的处方减少了患者自付药品费用。然而,对仿制药知识的缺乏和对仿制药的不良态度会对医生的处方以及患者的使用产生不利影响。因此,本研究旨在评估医学生对仿制药的知识及态度。材料与方法:采用问卷调查法,横断面研究。研究参与者是MBBS的最后一届学生。在研究开始前,研究参与者获得了机构伦理委员会(IEC)的批准和书面知情同意。采用SPSS软件26进行数据分析。结果:共纳入研究对象82人,男性占52.4%,女性占47.6%。52名(63.41%)学生知道仿制药与创新药可以互换。42名(51.21%)学生知道仿制药可以在专利药到期后上市。91.46%的人认为仿制药与品牌药具有相同的强度、安全性和有效性。47名(57.31%)学生知道“简·奥沙迪计划”,62名(75.60%)学生知道仿制药与品牌药具有生物等效性。看法:61人(74.3%)认为使用非专利药品可以减少保健支出。57名(69.5%)学生认为必须与患者讨论开仿制药的理由,46名(56.1%)学生不同意仿制药更容易导致治疗失败。结论:本研究显示医学生对仿制药的认知不足,但态度良好。应定期为医生、学生和公众举办宣传和培训项目,以增强对仿制药的知识和积极看法。
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引用次数: 0
A successful method of treating recurrent labial synechia 一种治疗复发性唇粘连的成功方法
Uttam Paul, P. Paul, KaliSankar Bhattacharyya, Nikhil Era, Sritama Paul
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引用次数: 0
Impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis spectrum COVID-19对结核病谱的影响
P. Sharma, S. Pareek, G. Singh
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引用次数: 0
Study of prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among urban school-going children in Tripura 特里普拉邦城市学龄儿童高血压前期和高血压患病率研究
MahmoodDhahir Al-Mendalawi
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引用次数: 0
Knowledge, attitude, and practices toward first aid against occupational injuries and their determinants among agricultural workers: A cross-sectional study 农业工人对职业伤害急救的知识、态度和实践及其决定因素:一项横断面研究
SatyaKishore Chivukula, TamminanaSai Kumar
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引用次数: 0
Blood counts and homocysteine in acute stroke: What is the relation? 急性中风的血细胞计数和同型半胱氨酸:有什么关系?
D. Chakraborty, Pradipta Bhattacharjee, S. Dey, Sanjay Bhaumik, Aditya Choudhary, Kishalay Karan, Priyanjita Sen, Mohuya Mukherjee, Gobinda Pramanick, Nirmalya Ray, A. Chakrapani, S. Singh, B. Singhania, B. Sengupta, K. Das, Aditya Mantry, Bhaskar Ukil, R. Ghosh
Objectives: Stroke is the second-leading cause of death and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined in the world. We need to find easy, available, and reliable parameters on which we can depend to prevent stroke, predict outcome, and determine prognosis. This will help in stroke management in the future. Materials and Methods: We noted blood counts and serum homocysteine levels in acute stroke patients after the exclusion of confounding factors. Our team recorded the detailed demographic and blood parameters (blood counts and homocysteine) of acute stroke patients who got admitted to different departments of our hospital in 5 months. We later correlated or tried to find the association between these parameters and stroke severity (NIHSS), other clinical parameters such as dysarthria and stroke outcome (Modified Rankin Score (mRS) at discharge and at 3 months). The team also tried to find relationships, if any, with different stroke subtypes as per the Trial of ORG 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment classification. Results: Out of 100 patients (34 females and 66 males), we had 28 patients with hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). The high neutrophil count and total leukocyte count correlated with stroke severity, dysarthria, and outcome at 3 months (poor mRS). While, it was the opposite in the case of lymphocyte count. Homocysteine level did not correlate with stroke severity or outcome but with dyslipidemia. HHcy was more prevalent among patients with large artery atherosclerotic disease. Conclusion: Findings of our study were agreeable to earlier studies on the relationship between blood counts and stroke prognosis. Although high homocysteine level was associated with stroke, its level was not found to be related to stroke severity or outcome. However, further study with a larger sample size is required to draw a confident conclusion.
目的:中风是世界上第二大死亡原因和第三大死亡和残疾原因。我们需要找到简单、可用和可靠的参数,我们可以依靠这些参数来预防中风、预测预后和确定预后。这将有助于未来的中风管理。材料和方法:在排除混杂因素后,我们记录了急性脑卒中患者的血细胞计数和血清同型半胱氨酸水平。我们小组记录了5个月内在我院不同科室就诊的急性脑卒中患者的详细人口统计学和血液参数(血细胞计数和同型半胱氨酸)。我们随后将这些参数与脑卒中严重程度(NIHSS)、其他临床参数(如音障碍和脑卒中结局(出院时和3个月时的修正兰金评分(mRS))联系起来或试图找到它们之间的关系。该团队还试图找到不同中风亚型之间的关系,如果有的话,根据急性中风治疗分类的ORG 10172试验。结果:在100例患者中(女性34例,男性66例),我们有28例高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)。高中性粒细胞计数和总白细胞计数与中风严重程度、构音障碍和3个月预后(差mRS)相关。而淋巴细胞计数则相反。同型半胱氨酸水平与中风严重程度或结果无关,但与血脂异常有关。HHcy在大动脉粥样硬化性疾病患者中更为普遍。结论:我们的研究结果与早期关于血细胞计数与脑卒中预后关系的研究一致。虽然高同型半胱氨酸水平与中风有关,但其水平与中风严重程度或结果无关。然而,需要更大样本量的进一步研究才能得出一个令人信服的结论。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of vatakarma kapalbhati on sinus headache 卡帕法提对窦性头痛的影响
P. Ravi, V. Venugopal, Deenadayalan Boopalan, Akila Anandhan, Yogapriya Chidambaram, Maheshkumar Kuppusamy
Sinusitis is a common inflammatory condition affecting paranasal sinuses encountered by people of all age groups. Vatakarma Kapalbhati is a yogic cleansing technique and pranayama found to be beneficial in sinus headaches. We reported the effect of Vatakarma Kapalbhati on three individual cases with sinus headaches. Three women who had chronic headaches due to paranasal sinusitis were given Vatakarma Kapalbhati as an intervention. Outcome measures such as Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Sinonasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22), Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used to assess the efficacy of the intervention. Significant improvement in PSQI, SNOT-22, HIT-6, and VAS was found postintervention when compared to the baseline. Vatakarma Kapalbhati could be a potential supportive therapy for the management of sinusitis headaches alongside conventional management.
鼻窦炎是影响副鼻窦的常见炎症,所有年龄组的人都会遇到。Vatakarma Kapalbhati是一种瑜伽清洁技术,调息被发现对鼻窦头痛有益。我们报告了Vatakarma Kapalbhati治疗三例鼻窦性头痛的效果。三名因副鼻窦炎而患有慢性头痛的妇女被给予Vatakarma Kapalbhati作为干预。采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)、鼻窦预后测试-22 (SNOT-22)、头痛影响测试-6 (HIT-6)和视觉模拟量表(VAS)等结果测量来评估干预的疗效。与基线相比,干预后PSQI、SNOT-22、HIT-6和VAS均有显著改善。Vatakarma Kapalbhati可能是治疗鼻窦炎头痛的潜在支持疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Barriers in notification of tuberculosis cases by private practitioners of an administrative block of District Una, Himachal Pradesh: A mixed method study 喜马偕尔邦乌纳区一个行政街区的私人医生通报结核病病例的障碍:一项混合方法研究
Mitasha Singh, Ashok Bhardwaj, AviKumar Bansal, Chirag Goel, Ajay Attri, Sanjay Kumar
Background: Notification of tuberculosis (TB) cases is an important step in its elimination from India by 2025. However, there has not been much rise in the notification from the private sector; COVID-19 is one of the reasons. Objective: The objective is to determine the notification of TB cases by private practitioners (PPs), their current practices in treatment, enablers, and barriers to TB notification from Una district, Himachal Pradesh. Methodology: The PPs of two TB units were enrolled in the study. A mixed method study design was used. The quantitative component comprised of interviewer-introduced questionnaire-based cross-sectional study. The qualitative component was conducted using a grounded theory design to provide an explanation behind the current notification practice. Results: Out of 71 practitioners, 20 were treating presumptive TB patients. Eighty percent of these were aware of the NIKSHAY portal and 75% were aware of mandatory reporting of TB patients through the portal. The focused group discussions with the study population yielded a major theme, “Barriers to notification,” which had the following themes, namely affective attitude, logistic problems, provider misconceptions regarding non-directly observed treatment shortcourse (DOTS) regimens, patient confidentiality, stigma and discrimination and lack of cohesion and coordination between the public and private sectors. Conclusion: The ignorance and lack of education regarding ever-changing management policy of TB were one of the important barriers in notifying TB cases.
背景:通报结核病病例是印度到2025年消除结核病的重要一步。然而,来自私营部门的通知并没有多少增加;COVID-19是其中一个原因。目的:目的是确定喜马偕尔邦乌纳县私人医生报告结核病病例的情况、他们目前的治疗做法、促成因素和结核病报告的障碍。方法:两个结核病单位的PPs被纳入研究。采用混合方法设计研究。定量部分包括访谈者引入的基于问卷的横断面研究。定性部分是使用扎根的理论设计进行的,以提供当前通知实践背后的解释。结果:71名执业医师中,20名治疗推定结核病患者。其中80%的人知道NIKSHAY门户网站,75%的人知道通过该门户网站强制报告结核病患者。与研究人群进行的重点小组讨论产生了一个主题,即“通报的障碍”,其中有以下主题,即情感态度、后勤问题、提供者对非直接观察短程治疗(DOTS)方案的误解、患者保密、耻辱和歧视以及公共和私营部门之间缺乏凝聚力和协调。结论:对不断变化的结核病管理政策的无知和缺乏教育是结核病通报的重要障碍之一。
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引用次数: 0
Family factors of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in a rural primary care environment in Eastern Nigeria: A cross-sectional study 尼日利亚东部农村初级保健环境中COVID-19疫苗犹豫的家庭因素:一项横断面研究
GabrielUche Iloh, MiracleErinma Chukwuonye
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care
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