Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_9_22
Jitender Singh, T. Sharma
The discovery of X-ray beam in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen provided clinicians with a noninvasive diagnostic method to evaluate the internal alteration of anatomy within the body. Although different health providers prescribe and interpret chest X-ray (CXR), nurses are usually the first to prepare the patient for X-rays, read the radiologist's report, and provide the interpretation to a clinician. This review highlights the basics of chest radiography which will help the nurses to learn the concept and perform their work efficiently.
{"title":"Unveiling the basics of chest radiography for nurses","authors":"Jitender Singh, T. Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_9_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_9_22","url":null,"abstract":"The discovery of X-ray beam in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen provided clinicians with a noninvasive diagnostic method to evaluate the internal alteration of anatomy within the body. Although different health providers prescribe and interpret chest X-ray (CXR), nurses are usually the first to prepare the patient for X-rays, read the radiologist's report, and provide the interpretation to a clinician. This review highlights the basics of chest radiography which will help the nurses to learn the concept and perform their work efficiently.","PeriodicalId":93784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"41 1","pages":"45 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74864650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_7_22
Harshank Patel, K. Patel, Ketan Rajguru, S. Malhotra
Introduction: To assess the drug use pattern for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and its impact on patient symptom score and quality of life (QoL) of these patients. Materials and Methods: After getting approval from the Indian Council of Medical Research, Institutional Ethics Committee and after obtaining written informed consent from 103 BPH patients, their demographic data, drugs prescribed to them, and scores of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index (BII) were recorded. Patients were reassessed for changes in scores of IPSS, BII, and drug prescription (if any) on the 15th, 30th, and 60th days. Results: 68.93% of patients received drug as a single entity. Patients were classified according to their presenting symptoms as severe, low moderate, and mild with a mean total IPSS score of 16.73% ± 6.6. 37.86% of patients were dissatisfied with QoL and 24.27% of patients had mixed opinion with a mean score of 3.39 ± 1.08. There was a low, medium, moderate, and high total score of BII with a mean BII score of 4.02 ± 2.51. Significant changes were seen in total BII score and frequency of urination on day 15; weak stream, nocturia, total score, and QoL on day 30; and intermittency and urgency on day 60. Incomplete emptying of bladder and straining showed nonsignificant changes. Age and total IPSS score, age and QoL, and age and total BII score showed a negative correlation. Total IPSS score and QoL, total IPSS and BII score, and QoL and total BII score showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: Nonsurgical pharmacological intervention had a positive impact on the IPSS and BII score and health-related QoL in BPH patients.
{"title":"Impact of drug use on patient symptom score and quality of life in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients","authors":"Harshank Patel, K. Patel, Ketan Rajguru, S. Malhotra","doi":"10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_7_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_7_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: To assess the drug use pattern for treating benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients and its impact on patient symptom score and quality of life (QoL) of these patients. Materials and Methods: After getting approval from the Indian Council of Medical Research, Institutional Ethics Committee and after obtaining written informed consent from 103 BPH patients, their demographic data, drugs prescribed to them, and scores of International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Impact Index (BII) were recorded. Patients were reassessed for changes in scores of IPSS, BII, and drug prescription (if any) on the 15th, 30th, and 60th days. Results: 68.93% of patients received drug as a single entity. Patients were classified according to their presenting symptoms as severe, low moderate, and mild with a mean total IPSS score of 16.73% ± 6.6. 37.86% of patients were dissatisfied with QoL and 24.27% of patients had mixed opinion with a mean score of 3.39 ± 1.08. There was a low, medium, moderate, and high total score of BII with a mean BII score of 4.02 ± 2.51. Significant changes were seen in total BII score and frequency of urination on day 15; weak stream, nocturia, total score, and QoL on day 30; and intermittency and urgency on day 60. Incomplete emptying of bladder and straining showed nonsignificant changes. Age and total IPSS score, age and QoL, and age and total BII score showed a negative correlation. Total IPSS score and QoL, total IPSS and BII score, and QoL and total BII score showed a positive correlation. Conclusion: Nonsurgical pharmacological intervention had a positive impact on the IPSS and BII score and health-related QoL in BPH patients.","PeriodicalId":93784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"73 1","pages":"63 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83720865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_8_22
P. Singh, Sagar Dua, Tanuja Varshney, S. Saha
Introduction: Reaction time is the central indicator of the central nervous system's sensorimotor coordination and processing skills, as well as coordinated peripheral movement response. There is a substantial positive link between body mass index (BMI) and reaction time. However, no studies on the impact of old and novel adiposity indices on cognitive capacity measurement have been done. As a result, this study was carried out to see if there was a link between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) and reaction time in healthy Uttarakhand residents. Materials and Methods: The observational study was conducted in 2018 from January to June at AIIMS, Rishikesh to screen 89 individuals aged 20–40 years, who were in good health and lived in adjacent areas to examine reaction time simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time [CRT]) and its relationship with adiposity indices. The Deary-Liewald reaction time task (software) was used to examine the participants' reaction time, which was followed by anthropometric measurements and other biochemical tests. Results: Among 89 individuals, 61% were male and 39% were female. In terms of age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and response time, there was no significant difference between males and females. However, males had a faster reaction time than females. VAI is substantially higher in females than in males. Females have more LAP than males, although the difference is not statistically significant. Conclusion: LAP had a substantially better association than BMI and WC in the case of females with respect to the association with CRT because LAP includes both anthropometric WC and lipid parameters (triglycerides). In healthy people, LAP could be recommended as a superior indicator for assessing response time as a measure of cognitive ability.
{"title":"A study to assess reaction time and its association with adiposity indices in healthy individuals in Uttarakhand","authors":"P. Singh, Sagar Dua, Tanuja Varshney, S. Saha","doi":"10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_8_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_8_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Reaction time is the central indicator of the central nervous system's sensorimotor coordination and processing skills, as well as coordinated peripheral movement response. There is a substantial positive link between body mass index (BMI) and reaction time. However, no studies on the impact of old and novel adiposity indices on cognitive capacity measurement have been done. As a result, this study was carried out to see if there was a link between visceral adiposity index (VAI) and lipid accumulation product (LAP) and reaction time in healthy Uttarakhand residents. Materials and Methods: The observational study was conducted in 2018 from January to June at AIIMS, Rishikesh to screen 89 individuals aged 20–40 years, who were in good health and lived in adjacent areas to examine reaction time simple reaction time (SRT) and choice reaction time [CRT]) and its relationship with adiposity indices. The Deary-Liewald reaction time task (software) was used to examine the participants' reaction time, which was followed by anthropometric measurements and other biochemical tests. Results: Among 89 individuals, 61% were male and 39% were female. In terms of age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio, and response time, there was no significant difference between males and females. However, males had a faster reaction time than females. VAI is substantially higher in females than in males. Females have more LAP than males, although the difference is not statistically significant. Conclusion: LAP had a substantially better association than BMI and WC in the case of females with respect to the association with CRT because LAP includes both anthropometric WC and lipid parameters (triglycerides). In healthy people, LAP could be recommended as a superior indicator for assessing response time as a measure of cognitive ability.","PeriodicalId":93784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"1 1","pages":"78 - 82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89664249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_11_22
R. Hemalatha, S. Nirmala, K. Viswaja
Background: Anxiety perception among children plays a significant part in providing oral health care since both are interlinked. Perception refers to the ways or means by which anything is perceived or interpreted. Perception is awareness of the elements of the environment through physical sensation. As part of oral health-care initiation, the present study aimed to compare the anxiety perception among children following two different restorative modalities of atraumatic restorative treatment versus chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR). Methodology: A nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted over 2 months between February 20, 2021 and April 22, 2021, to compare the anxiety perception among children. Children below 14 years were selected for the study purpose. Results: Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between outcome and the variables. The results showed that the majority of children had dental anxiety issues, who were willing to improve their cooperative levels during dental treatment appointments. No statistically significant association was seen between the two different restorative modalities. Lower heart rate was observed when CMCR was used (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Anxiety perception among children plays a significant part in providing oral health care. The effectiveness of implementation was appropriate with regard to choosing the right treatment modalities among clinicians. Both the techniques showed minimal or lesser anxiety levels, but on a comparative note, CMCR was better, both in terms of patient acceptance and ease of performance.
{"title":"Anxiety perception among children following two different restorative modalities – A noninferiority randomized clinical trial","authors":"R. Hemalatha, S. Nirmala, K. Viswaja","doi":"10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_11_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_11_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anxiety perception among children plays a significant part in providing oral health care since both are interlinked. Perception refers to the ways or means by which anything is perceived or interpreted. Perception is awareness of the elements of the environment through physical sensation. As part of oral health-care initiation, the present study aimed to compare the anxiety perception among children following two different restorative modalities of atraumatic restorative treatment versus chemomechanical caries removal (CMCR). Methodology: A nonrandomized clinical trial was conducted over 2 months between February 20, 2021 and April 22, 2021, to compare the anxiety perception among children. Children below 14 years were selected for the study purpose. Results: Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between outcome and the variables. The results showed that the majority of children had dental anxiety issues, who were willing to improve their cooperative levels during dental treatment appointments. No statistically significant association was seen between the two different restorative modalities. Lower heart rate was observed when CMCR was used (P = 0.013). Conclusion: Anxiety perception among children plays a significant part in providing oral health care. The effectiveness of implementation was appropriate with regard to choosing the right treatment modalities among clinicians. Both the techniques showed minimal or lesser anxiety levels, but on a comparative note, CMCR was better, both in terms of patient acceptance and ease of performance.","PeriodicalId":93784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"277 1","pages":"83 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83063320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_10_22
R. Daniel, K. Mani, P. Aggarwal, S. Gupta
Background: Diabetes is a major contributor to hospital admissions, out-of-pocket expenditure, and premature mortality in India. Proper treatment and adequate control rates are needed to reduce the complications and deaths due to diabetes. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies to estimate the treatment and control rate of diabetes among adults in India. Methods: A systematic electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to retrieve community-based studies which reported the prevalence of treatment and control of diabetes among adults in India, without any date or language restriction. To estimate the pooled prevalence and heterogeneity, the random-effects model and I2 statistic methods were employed. We did subgroup analyses based on study setting and type of blood test. Results: We included seven studies in this meta-analysis, which comprised a total of 9,033 participants. The pooled prevalence of treatment and control of diabetes among adults in India was 75.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.8%–86.2%) and 56.4% (95% CI: 44.7%–67.9%), respectively. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies (P < 0.001). The subgroup analysis based on the study setting revealed a decrease in heterogeneity among the urban studies for the control of diabetes. Conclusions: Three-fourths of the diagnosed (self-reported) diabetic patients were on treatment. Of these, half of the patients had adequate glycemic control. Targeted actions need to focus on the determinants of adherence to medication and follow-up.
{"title":"Treatment and control of diabetes in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"R. Daniel, K. Mani, P. Aggarwal, S. Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_10_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_10_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetes is a major contributor to hospital admissions, out-of-pocket expenditure, and premature mortality in India. Proper treatment and adequate control rates are needed to reduce the complications and deaths due to diabetes. Hence, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of community-based studies to estimate the treatment and control rate of diabetes among adults in India. Methods: A systematic electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to retrieve community-based studies which reported the prevalence of treatment and control of diabetes among adults in India, without any date or language restriction. To estimate the pooled prevalence and heterogeneity, the random-effects model and I2 statistic methods were employed. We did subgroup analyses based on study setting and type of blood test. Results: We included seven studies in this meta-analysis, which comprised a total of 9,033 participants. The pooled prevalence of treatment and control of diabetes among adults in India was 75.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 63.8%–86.2%) and 56.4% (95% CI: 44.7%–67.9%), respectively. There was significant heterogeneity between the studies (P < 0.001). The subgroup analysis based on the study setting revealed a decrease in heterogeneity among the urban studies for the control of diabetes. Conclusions: Three-fourths of the diagnosed (self-reported) diabetic patients were on treatment. Of these, half of the patients had adequate glycemic control. Targeted actions need to focus on the determinants of adherence to medication and follow-up.","PeriodicalId":93784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"41 1","pages":"69 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73701853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_14_22
D. Chakraborty, Sanjay Bhaumik, S. Dey, S. Chatterjee
{"title":"Uncommon course of a common disease: An interesting case of guillain–Barre syndrome","authors":"D. Chakraborty, Sanjay Bhaumik, S. Dey, S. Chatterjee","doi":"10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_14_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_14_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"26 1","pages":"89 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78882516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_6_22
D. Chakraborty, S. Dey, Sanjay Bhaumik, Aditya N. Choudhary, Kishalay Karan, Pradip Bhattacharjee, Priyanjita Sen, Mohuya Mukherjee, Gobinda Pramanick, Nirmalya Ray, Payel Biswas, J. Roy, S. Singh, B. Singhania, B. Sengupta, K. Das, G. Acharya, Bhaskar Ukil, R. Ghosh
Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is more common in the Indian subcontinent compared to the Western world and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, all possible modifiable factors should be searched and steps taken so that a single opportunity is not missed in preventing such a catastrophe. The aim of the study is to find out whether homocysteine and Vitamin B12 are related to ICH. Materials and Methods: We included acute ICH patients of 18 years and above who came to our institute and got admitted in 5 months (September 2021–January 2022). Our team noted the demographics, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (at admission and discharge) and other clinical parameters. Volume and site of the intracerebral hematoma (from the initial computed tomography [CT] scan of the brain) were noted. The outcome and prognostic markers like Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge, MRS at 3 months (also MRS at admission) and ICH score were calculated. The blood parameters, including serum homocysteine and Vitamin B12 level, were noted post admission in hospital. Results: We found out of 44 ICH patients; ten patients had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy): 22.72%. We detected significant correlation between HHCy with ICH score (inverse relationship) and dyslipidemia (direct relationship). Conclusion: We found an inverse correlation between serum homocysteine level and ICH score, which shows a short-term (1 month) prognosis. This might hint that homocysteine might have a protective role to play in ICH. However, we probably need larger study population to find a correlation strong enough so that we can make a stronger conclusion.
{"title":"Serum homocysteine in intracerebral hemorrhage: A savior or a destroyer?","authors":"D. Chakraborty, S. Dey, Sanjay Bhaumik, Aditya N. Choudhary, Kishalay Karan, Pradip Bhattacharjee, Priyanjita Sen, Mohuya Mukherjee, Gobinda Pramanick, Nirmalya Ray, Payel Biswas, J. Roy, S. Singh, B. Singhania, B. Sengupta, K. Das, G. Acharya, Bhaskar Ukil, R. Ghosh","doi":"10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_6_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_6_22","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is more common in the Indian subcontinent compared to the Western world and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Hence, all possible modifiable factors should be searched and steps taken so that a single opportunity is not missed in preventing such a catastrophe. The aim of the study is to find out whether homocysteine and Vitamin B12 are related to ICH. Materials and Methods: We included acute ICH patients of 18 years and above who came to our institute and got admitted in 5 months (September 2021–January 2022). Our team noted the demographics, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (at admission and discharge) and other clinical parameters. Volume and site of the intracerebral hematoma (from the initial computed tomography [CT] scan of the brain) were noted. The outcome and prognostic markers like Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge, MRS at 3 months (also MRS at admission) and ICH score were calculated. The blood parameters, including serum homocysteine and Vitamin B12 level, were noted post admission in hospital. Results: We found out of 44 ICH patients; ten patients had hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy): 22.72%. We detected significant correlation between HHCy with ICH score (inverse relationship) and dyslipidemia (direct relationship). Conclusion: We found an inverse correlation between serum homocysteine level and ICH score, which shows a short-term (1 month) prognosis. This might hint that homocysteine might have a protective role to play in ICH. However, we probably need larger study population to find a correlation strong enough so that we can make a stronger conclusion.","PeriodicalId":93784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"242 1","pages":"33 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76129561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_2_22
D. Chakraborty, P. Mondal, K. Sundar, Sanjib Dingal
A 59-year-old male had multiple comorbidities such as diabetes, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He presented with dyspnea and had ground-glass opacity in the lungs. It was during the pandemic of COVID-19 so repeated Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done, but all were negative. He got stabilized within 5 days and we planned discharge. Suddenly, he had right hemiplegia and developed altered sensorium. He had NIH Stroke Scale/Score of 28 and computed tomography-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of 10. We used tenecteplase (0.25 mg/kg bodyweight) for thrombolysis within 20 min of onset and planned mechanical thrombectomy for the occlusion of internal carotid artery and beyond. However, in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, he had an established infarct in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (within this short time) without significant DWI/FLAIR mismatch. Hence, we continued conservative management. We incidentally detected him to have COVID-19 infection positivity on that day, but all inflammatory and coagulation parameters were normal on that day and later. His monitor did not reveal arrhythmia (during the event and later) and echocardiography failed to reveal evidence of culprit lesion. He had a rapid clinical decline, required hemicraniectomy but expired within 2 days. COVID-19 infection may have negative reports initially, but malignant MCA infarct with normal inflammatory markers makes our case special. The rapidity with which stroke developed underscores the severe nature of the disease process, the absence of arrhythmias (in this in-house stroke), and normal coagulation parameters hints that the exact mechanism of stroke in this type of infection is still an enigma.
{"title":"Is COVID-19 infection also a silent killer?: A case of acute stroke","authors":"D. Chakraborty, P. Mondal, K. Sundar, Sanjib Dingal","doi":"10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_2_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_2_22","url":null,"abstract":"A 59-year-old male had multiple comorbidities such as diabetes, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. He presented with dyspnea and had ground-glass opacity in the lungs. It was during the pandemic of COVID-19 so repeated Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was done, but all were negative. He got stabilized within 5 days and we planned discharge. Suddenly, he had right hemiplegia and developed altered sensorium. He had NIH Stroke Scale/Score of 28 and computed tomography-Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score of 10. We used tenecteplase (0.25 mg/kg bodyweight) for thrombolysis within 20 min of onset and planned mechanical thrombectomy for the occlusion of internal carotid artery and beyond. However, in magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, he had an established infarct in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory (within this short time) without significant DWI/FLAIR mismatch. Hence, we continued conservative management. We incidentally detected him to have COVID-19 infection positivity on that day, but all inflammatory and coagulation parameters were normal on that day and later. His monitor did not reveal arrhythmia (during the event and later) and echocardiography failed to reveal evidence of culprit lesion. He had a rapid clinical decline, required hemicraniectomy but expired within 2 days. COVID-19 infection may have negative reports initially, but malignant MCA infarct with normal inflammatory markers makes our case special. The rapidity with which stroke developed underscores the severe nature of the disease process, the absence of arrhythmias (in this in-house stroke), and normal coagulation parameters hints that the exact mechanism of stroke in this type of infection is still an enigma.","PeriodicalId":93784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"28 1","pages":"40 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81304093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_4_22
Harish Gupta
{"title":"Evolving pharmacotherapeutics for the Covid-19 pandemic","authors":"Harish Gupta","doi":"10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_4_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_4_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":93784,"journal":{"name":"Journal of primary care specialties : official publication of the Institute of Family Medicine and Primary Care","volume":"450 1","pages":"19 - 20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76794975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-01DOI: 10.4103/jopcs.jopcs_1_22
R. Bala, A. Srivastava, A. Dixit, Meenakshi Shriwas, R. Bhaskar
Background: In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, was identified as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). As a part of control measures against COVID-19, vaccination started in India from January 16, 2021. People's hesitancy may become an important challenge in the immunization campaign against COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the confidence of the general public and acceptance of the vaccines in India. Materials and Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted between February 21, 2021, and March 10, 2021, by Google Forms utilizing a snowball sampling method. The psychological antecedents of vaccination for COVID-19 in India were assessed using a 15-item (3 items per antecedent) 5C scale. Results: The study received 720 responses, out of which 466 (64.72%) participants were willing to accept the CoV vaccines. Data were analyzed using STATCRAFT online statistical software version 2.0 (Bangalore, Karnataka, India). The participants who expressed more confidence in vaccines (odds ratio [OR] =1.818, P < 0.001) and who took a calculated decision (OR = 1.183, P = 0.001) were more likely to accept CoV vaccines while the participants who were complacent (OR = 0.852, P < 0.001) and who took collective responsibility (OR = 0.891, P = 0.033) were less likely to accept CoV vaccines. Conclusion: The findings of this study point to the importance of confidence, constraints, and calculation for vaccines among the Indian population, so that policymakers can monitor the acceptance for the vaccines and can plan future strategies to address hesitancy issues more effectively.
背景:2019年12月，严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型被确定为2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)的病原体。作为COVID-19控制措施的一部分，印度从2021年1月16日开始接种疫苗。人们的犹豫不决可能成为COVID-19免疫运动中的一个重要挑战。这项研究旨在评估印度公众对疫苗的信心和接受程度。材料和方法:在2021年2月21日至2021年3月10日期间，通过谷歌表单采用滚雪球抽样方法进行了基于网络的横断面调查。使用15项(每个前项3项)5C量表评估了印度COVID-19疫苗接种的心理前项。结果:共收到720份应答，其中466人(64.72%)表示愿意接受冠状病毒疫苗。数据分析使用STATCRAFT在线统计软件2.0版(班加罗尔，卡纳塔克邦，印度)。对疫苗表示更有信心(比值比[OR] =1.818, P < 0.001)和做出计算决定(OR = 1.183, P = 0.001)的参与者更容易接受冠状病毒疫苗，而自满(OR = 0.852, P < 0.001)和承担集体责任(OR = 0.891, P = 0.033)的参与者更不可能接受冠状病毒疫苗。结论:本研究的结果指出了印度人口对疫苗的信心、限制和计算的重要性，以便决策者可以监测疫苗的接受程度，并可以规划未来的战略，更有效地解决犹豫问题。
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