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Can P/CVE be salvaged? Lessons and questions from gendered practice P/CVE可以抢救吗?性别实践的教训和问题
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011s1.157
Rosalie Fransen
This article argues that the problem-oriented framing of the international agenda for preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) has limited the conception of gender in P/CVE and constrained the work of women-led civil society organisations. Through a meta-analysis of the cases profiled in Case Studies on the Role of Gender and Identity in Shaping Positive Alternatives to Extremisms, this article assesses the gendered interventions made by women peacebuilders and pro-peace organisations, noting their role in providing positive alternatives to extremism grounded in the framework of peace, resilience, equal rights and pluralism proposed by Sanam Naraghi Anderlini. The article argues that salvaging P/CVE practice requires recognition of the leadership of women peacebuilders and presents strategies that should inform future P/CVE practice, including the holistic integration of gender and identity, the leveraging of cultural credibility and trust, and the important role of power-building.
本文认为,预防和打击暴力极端主义(P/CVE)国际议程的问题导向框架限制了P/CVE中的性别概念,并限制了妇女领导的民间社会组织的工作。本文通过对《性别和身份在形成极端主义的积极替代方案中的作用的案例研究》中的案例进行meta分析,评估了女性和平缔成者和支持和平的组织所进行的性别干预,指出了她们在萨南·纳拉吉·安德里尼(Sanam Naraghi Anderlini)提出的和平、弹性、平等权利和多元化框架下为极端主义提供积极替代方案的作用。本文认为,挽救P/CVE实践需要承认女性和平建设者的领导作用,并提出了应为未来P/CVE实践提供信息的战略,包括性别和身份的全面整合,利用文化信誉和信任,以及权力建设的重要作用。
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引用次数: 1
The Power of Graphic Narrative for Dementia Stories: Trauma, Aesthetics and Resilience in Sarah Leavitt�s Tangles (2012) and Dana Walrath�s Aliceheimer�s (2013) 痴呆症故事的图形叙事力量:莎拉·莱维特的《缠结》(2012)和达纳·沃尔拉斯的《爱丽丝海默》(2013)中的创伤、美学和复原力
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011s2.147
E. Kaplan
This article has three aims: it first argues that the aesthetics of graphic novels, rarely considered in Humanities dementia research, are especially suited to narratives about traumatic dementia. Second, it argues that, within the graphic narrative genre, both indirection and realism can facilitate dementia representations. Third, it argues that the realism each author uses 'corrects' well-meaning, idealising, dementia images aimed at challenging negative stereotypes. In this study of Sarah Leavitt's Tangles and Dana Walrath's Aliceheimer's, I show that each benefits from a particular style of realism that I call, for Tangles, 'abstract realism', and for Aliceheimer�s 'adapted' or 'fantastic' realism. Each graphic realism style opens up for viewers the trauma of dementia for both the dementia subject herself and for those caring for her. Images move beyond stereotypes (while not idealising), furthering, via compassion, empathy and resilience, our understanding of this challenging condition so much a part of life today.
这篇文章有三个目的:首先,它认为在人文痴呆症研究中很少考虑的图画小说的美学,特别适合于关于创伤性痴呆症的叙述。其次,它认为,在图形叙事类型中,间接和现实主义都可以促进痴呆症的表现。第三,它认为每个作者使用的现实主义“纠正”善意的、理想化的、痴呆的形象,旨在挑战负面的刻板印象。在对Sarah Leavitt的《缠结》和Dana Walrath的《爱丽丝海默的缠结》的研究中,我发现两者都受益于一种特定的现实主义风格,我把《缠结》称为“抽象现实主义”,而把爱丽丝海默称为“改编”或“梦幻”现实主义。每种图形现实主义风格都为观众打开了痴呆症的创伤,既为痴呆症主题本身,也为照顾她的人。图像超越了刻板印象(而不是理想化),通过同情、同理心和韧性,进一步加深了我们对这一具有挑战性的状况的理解,这是当今生活的一部分。
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引用次数: 0
A people-centred approach is needed to meet net zero goals 实现净零目标需要以人为本的方法
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011s4.097
Caroline Verfuerth, Christina Denski, Stuart Capstick, Lorraine Whitmarsh, Wouter Poortinga
To meet net zero goals, more drastic action is needed than is acknowledged by most policymakers, posing a major social challenge that will impact many aspects of people�s lives. This paper emphasises the importance of a people-centred approach for policy makers to achieve net zero effectively and rapidly while being alert to citizens� needs and concerns. We advocate a comprehensive and inclusive public engagement strategy, discussing insights on four key questions to guide policymakers in developing successful engagement strategies. (1) How do climate-friendly social transformations happen?, (2) How can behavioural change for net zero be supported? (3) How can people be involved in decision-making on net zero?, and (4) How does climate change intersect with other societal challenges? We conclude with clear policy recommendations: government leadership at all levels (national, devolved, local), underpinned by a public engagement strategy for net zero, is needed in addition to fair and consistent policies that are transparent about the scale of action needed.
为了实现净零目标,需要采取比大多数政策制定者所认识到的更为激烈的行动,这构成了一个重大的社会挑战,将影响人们生活的许多方面。本文强调了以人为本的方法对政策制定者有效和迅速实现净零排放的重要性,同时对公民的需求和关切保持警惕。我们倡导全面和包容的公众参与战略,讨论四个关键问题的见解,以指导决策者制定成功的公众参与战略。(1)气候友好型社会转型如何发生?(2)如何支持行为改变以实现净零?(3)人们如何参与零净值决策?(4)气候变化如何与其他社会挑战交叉?最后,我们提出了明确的政策建议:除了对所需行动规模透明的公平和一致的政策外,还需要各级政府(国家、地方和地方)的领导,并以公众参与零排放战略为基础。
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引用次数: 0
Islamic feminism as an alternative strategy for preventing and countering violent extremism among Muslim women in Kenya 伊斯兰女权主义是预防和打击肯尼亚穆斯林妇女暴力极端主义的另一种策略
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011s1.129
Rickline S. Ng'ayo
Islamic feminism is a budding ideology in Kenya that conservative Muslims perceive as a distortion of pure Islam. Despite its prospects for empowering Muslim women, its utility for preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) is largely unexplored, and security agencies and non-governmental organisations prefer to engage with mainstream patriarchal Islamic ideologies that reinforce the gender vulnerabilities Al-Shabaab successfully exploits to engage women in violent extremism. This study draws on research conducted with Muslim clerics, scholars, women's associations, feminists, government officials, and female returnees in Nairobi and Mombasa counties to demonstrate that Al-Shabaab is exploiting traditional gender constructions including marriage, sisterhood, motherhood and women's religious obligations to recruit, radicalise and exploit women. While Islamic feminism exposes and contests gender inequalities, it remains unpopular, is often dismissed as secular, and meets resistance from both extremists and moderate Muslims, and therefore further studies are needed to validate its rightful role within Islam.
伊斯兰女权主义在肯尼亚是一种萌芽的意识形态,保守的穆斯林认为这是对纯粹伊斯兰教的扭曲。尽管它有赋予穆斯林妇女权力的前景,但它在预防和打击暴力极端主义(P/CVE)方面的效用在很大程度上尚未得到探索,安全机构和非政府组织更愿意与主流的父权制伊斯兰意识形态接触,这些意识形态强化了青年党成功利用的性别脆弱性,使妇女参与暴力极端主义。本研究利用对内罗毕和蒙巴萨县穆斯林神职人员、学者、妇女协会、女权主义者、政府官员和女性返乡者的研究,证明青年党正在利用传统的性别结构,包括婚姻、姐妹关系、母性和妇女的宗教义务来招募、激进化和剥削妇女。虽然伊斯兰女权主义揭露和反对性别不平等,但它仍然不受欢迎,经常被视为世俗,并遭到极端分子和温和穆斯林的抵制,因此需要进一步的研究来证实其在伊斯兰教中的合法地位。
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引用次数: 0
Going down the local: the challenges of place-based net zero governance 走向地方:基于地方的净零治理的挑战
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011s4.125
Tom Bedford, Philip Catney, Zoe Robinson
Place-based decarbonisation is emerging as a significant element in the UK government�s net zero agenda, specifically through central government devolution deals. Such localised governance has the potential to reap social and economic benefits for communities whilst also potentially delivering on net zero goals. However, pre-existing institutional constraints and unresolved tensions remain, such as the uneven distribution of initiatives across areas and the fiscal limitations within local authorities. These could potentially exacerbate regional inequality rather than promote a just transition. This report characterises the current governance regimes and challenges to net zero delivery in four parts of the Midlands: Coventry, Nottingham, Leicester and Staffordshire. It highlights variation in local-scale action and identifies the constraints to multi-scalar governance for net zero. It recommends cultivating policy innovation, particularly to align planning with the net zero transition and identifies the potential role of regulatory sandboxes to this end as well as community ownership.
基于地方的脱碳正在成为英国政府净零议程的重要组成部分,特别是通过中央政府权力下放协议。这种地方治理有可能为社区带来社会和经济效益,同时也有可能实现净零目标。然而,现有的体制限制和未解决的紧张局势仍然存在,例如各地区倡议分配不均以及地方当局的财政限制。这可能会加剧地区不平等,而不是促进公正的过渡。这份报告描述了英格兰中部四个地区(考文垂、诺丁汉、莱斯特和斯塔福德郡)目前的治理制度和实现净零排放的挑战。它强调了局部规模行动的变化,并确定了净零的多标量治理的约束。它建议培育政策创新,特别是使规划与净零转型保持一致,并确定监管沙箱在这方面的潜在作用以及社区所有权。
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引用次数: 0
Conversations on grief and hope: A collaborative autoethnographic account exploring the lifeworlds of international youth engaged with climate action 关于悲伤和希望的对话:一个合作的民族志自述,探索参与气候行动的国际青年的生活世界
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011s3.069
Lisa Jones, Katie J. Parsons, Florence Halstead, Diep Ngoc Nguyen, Huong T.M. Pham, Dinh-Long Pham, Charlotte R. Allison, Mae Chew, Esther Bird, Amy Meek, Sam J. Buckton, Khang L� Nguyen, Alison Lloyd Williams, Thu Thi V�, Hue L�, Anh T.Q. Nguyen, Christopher R. Hackney, Daniel R. Parsons
This paper explores the lifeworlds of international youth involved in climate and/or environmental social action, narratives that have been largely absent from a literature that has tended to focus on �traditional� youth activists located in the urban Global North. Written as a novel collaborative autoethnography involving youth as co-authors, the paper a) collectively reflects on the stories of youth from different countries and cultures on their journeys towards climate action, and b) foregrounds an emotional framing to examine these experiences. The youth co-authors, whose experiences are the focus of this paper, form part of innovative international Youth Advisory Board, set up to provide peer support to youth new to climate and environmental social action, as part of our British Academy Youth Futures-funded participatory action research project. We examine the youth�s narratives exploring opportunities and barriers they have navigated, their inspirations and the intersections with a range of other socio-cultural factors.
本文探讨了参与气候和/或环境社会行动的国际青年的生活世界,这些叙述在很大程度上没有出现在倾向于关注位于全球北方城市的“传统”青年活动家的文献中。这篇论文是一本由青年共同撰写的新颖的合作自传体民族志,a)集体反思了来自不同国家和文化的青年在气候行动之旅中的故事,b)展望了一种情感框架来审视这些经历。青年共同作者的经历是本文的重点,他们是创新国际青年咨询委员会的一部分,该委员会的成立是为了向刚接触气候和环境社会行动的青年提供同伴支持,这是我们英国科学院青年期货资助的参与性行动研究项目的一部分。我们考察了青年的叙述,探索他们所经历的机遇和障碍,他们的灵感以及与一系列其他社会文化因素的交集。
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引用次数: 2
Young people and gambling in Sub-Saharan Africa: towards a critical research agenda 撒哈拉以南非洲的年轻人与赌博:迈向关键的研究议程
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011s3.153
Franklin Glozah, Christopher Bunn, Junious M. Sichali, Joana Salifu Yendork, Otiyela Mtema, Michael Udedi, Gerda Reith, Darragh McGee
Recent decades have seen gambling become a highly lucrative industry across sub-Saharan Africa. Fuelled by the democratisation of access to digital finance and internet technologies, this gambling boom has been concentrated in Africa�s urban economies, where expanding youth populations are increasingly connected to global circuits of sport, popular culture and speculative forms of consumption. This has engendered growing interest in gambling as a distinct and emerging field of academic enquiry across sub-Saharan Africa. To date, psychiatric, epidemiological and behavioural sciences have provided the dominant frame for measuring the extent of �problem gambling� and addiction, but there remains the need to expand and diversify the field to encompass more critical and interdisciplinary approaches that recognise gambling as a densely significant social and cultural phenomenon. This article aims to provide a point of departure for a critical research agenda on the differentiated impacts of gambling on young people and their communities across the continent.
近几十年来,赌博已经成为撒哈拉以南非洲地区一个利润丰厚的行业。在数字金融和互联网技术普及的推动下,这种赌博热潮一直集中在非洲的城市经济体,那里不断扩大的青年人口越来越多地与全球体育、流行文化和投机消费形式联系在一起。这引起了越来越多的兴趣赌博作为一个独特的和新兴领域的学术研究在撒哈拉以南非洲。迄今为止,精神病学、流行病学和行为科学已经提供了衡量“问题赌博”和成瘾程度的主要框架,但仍然需要扩大和多样化该领域,以包含更多批判性和跨学科的方法,将赌博视为一种非常重要的社会和文化现象。本文旨在为赌博对整个非洲大陆的年轻人及其社区的差异化影响的关键研究议程提供一个出发点。
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引用次数: 0
A house is not a home: housing disadvantage, homelessness, and modern slavery 房子不是家:住房劣势、无家可归和现代奴隶制
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011.083
N. Clare, S. Iafrati, C. Reeson, N. Wright, C. Grey, Henri Baptiste
This commentary focuses on the underexplored links between housing disadvantage, homelessness, and modern slavery. Despite significant anecdotal evidence, there is a pressing need for proper theorisation of the connections between housing situation and vulnerability to modern slavery. This commentary combats this lacuna by focusing on four types of (un)housing: homelessness, safehouses, social housing, and the private rented sector. While each site has its own relationship to modern slavery, be it cause, consequence, or potential solution, commonalities emerge. Modern slavery is a form of �hyper-precarity�, and the �ontological security� of a place to call home is crucial when combatting this. But a house is not a home, and security of tenure alone is insufficient � in fact in some cases tenure security can actually increase vulnerability to modern slavery. A sense of home can act as a bulwark against modern slavery, but poor housing and bad policies increase precarity, homelessness, and exploitation.
这篇评论聚焦于住房劣势、无家可归和现代奴隶制之间未被充分探讨的联系。尽管有大量的轶事证据,但迫切需要对住房状况与现代奴隶制脆弱性之间的联系进行适当的理论化。这篇评论通过关注四种(非)住房类型来弥补这一空白:无家可归者、安全住房、社会住房和私人租赁部门。虽然每个地点都与现代奴隶制有自己的关系,无论是原因、后果还是潜在的解决方案,但共同点还是存在的。现代奴隶制是一种“极度不稳定”的形式,在对抗这种情况时,一个被称为家的地方的“本体论安全”至关重要。但是,房子不是家,仅仅保有权的保障是不够的——事实上,在某些情况下,保有权的保障实际上会增加对现代奴役的脆弱性。家的感觉可以作为反对现代奴隶制的堡垒,但糟糕的住房和糟糕的政策增加了不稳定、无家可归和剥削。
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引用次数: 0
Towards a history of compromise: comparing political unions in the British-Irish Isles and Poland-Lithuania 走向妥协的历史:比较英伦-爱尔兰群岛和波兰-立陶宛的政治联盟
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011.043
R. Frost
This article is a modified and expanded version of the British Academy Raleigh Lecture, delivered at Queen�s University Belfast. It argues that historians, as opposed to political scientists, sociologists, and philosophers, have neglected the history of compromise and compromises, despite compromise being a significant social and political practice. It considers how historians might approach the problem of compromise, and what a historical perspective might add to study of compromise. It concludes with a comparative consideration of three political unions, between Poland and Lithuania, between England and Scotland, and between England/Britain and Ireland from the point of view of a historian of compromise.
这篇文章是在贝尔法斯特女王大学发表的英国学院罗利讲座的修改和扩展版本。它认为,与政治学家、社会学家和哲学家相反,历史学家忽视了妥协和妥协的历史,尽管妥协是一种重要的社会和政治实践。它考虑了历史学家可能如何处理妥协问题,以及历史视角可能为妥协研究增加什么。最后,从妥协历史学家的角度,对波兰和立陶宛、英格兰和苏格兰、英格兰/不列颠和爱尔兰这三个政治联盟进行了比较分析。
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引用次数: 0
Older Women Rock! 老年女性摇滚!
Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5871/jba/011s2.169
Leah Thorn
In this article artist/activist Leah Thorn shares the processes and rationale underpinning 'Older Women Rock!', a project creating pop-up political art spaces to raise awareness and explore issues facing early-old-age women in their 60s and 70s. Through poetry, performance, retro clothes, film, consciousness-raising and listening skills, 'Older Women Rock!' celebrates older women, unites them across differences, challenges their invisibility and subverts society's assumptions and prejudices about them. The project arose out of a 10-month Leverhulme Trust artist residency undertaken by Leah in 2015 at the Kent Academic Primary Care Unit, University of Kent, and the England Centre for Practice Development, Canterbury Christ Church University. The project was developed in 2017 through a Fellowship at Keele University Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
在这篇文章中,艺术家兼活动家利亚·索恩分享了“老年女性摇滚”的过程和基本原理。’,该项目创建了一个弹出式政治艺术空间,以提高人们对60多岁和70多岁的早期老年女性所面临的问题的认识和探索。通过诗歌、表演、复古服装、电影、提高意识和倾听技巧,“老年女性摇滚!”“歌颂老年女性,跨越差异将她们团结起来,挑战她们的隐形性,颠覆社会对她们的假设和偏见。”该项目源于Leah于2015年在肯特大学肯特学术初级保健单位和坎特伯雷基督教堂大学英格兰实践发展中心进行的为期10个月的Leverhulme Trust艺术家驻留。该项目是在2017年通过基尔大学文理学院的奖学金开发的。
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引用次数: 0
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