In Zanzibar, religiously framed practices impact children�s socialisation. Many actions that frame Zanzibari children�s everyday lives�from birth rituals, to poetry recitation, to formal education�are closely tied to Islam. With ninety-nine percent of Zanzibaris identifying as Muslim, this sense of identity is fostered and transmitted from when a child is born. This article explores how conceptions of the �everyday� and the �ordinary� reflect in early socialisation practices that address Muslim Zanzibari children�s lives, centrally by drawing on knowledge published in three booklets on Islam and child rearing acquired in Zanzibar Town in 2014 and 2021. It thereby shows how religious practices co-construct childhoods and underlines the need to pay attention to less extraordinary aspects and meanings of how being young and pious in contemporary African settings are made.
{"title":"Ordinary childhoods and everyday Islamic practices of protection and care in Zanzibar","authors":"Franziska Fay","doi":"10.5871/jba/010s2.175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s2.175","url":null,"abstract":"In Zanzibar, religiously framed practices impact children�s socialisation. Many actions that frame Zanzibari children�s everyday lives�from birth rituals, to poetry recitation, to formal education�are closely tied to Islam. With ninety-nine percent of Zanzibaris identifying as Muslim, this sense of identity is fostered and transmitted from when a child is born. This article explores how conceptions of the �everyday� and the �ordinary� reflect in early socialisation practices that address Muslim Zanzibari children�s lives, centrally by drawing on knowledge published in three booklets on Islam and child rearing acquired in Zanzibar Town in 2014 and 2021. It thereby shows how religious practices co-construct childhoods and underlines the need to pay attention to less extraordinary aspects and meanings of how being young and pious in contemporary African settings are made.","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71150979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Botswana is a multilingual and multicultural country with 25 to 30 languages. In contrast to this everyday lived multilingualism, the country�s language-in-education policy (LIEP) attempts to create a homogenous population in which only two languages are used�Setswana and English. This study investigates language use in classrooms in two schools in Botswana. It explores how the LIEP is enacted in classrooms, which language(s) are used and how. The paper argues that despite a LIEP which tends to prescribe how languages are to be used within education, there is evidence that Botswanan languages are used in much more fluid ways and that the boundaries constructed through the LIEP do not necessarily play out in the day-to-day worlds of teaching and learning in schools. The paper explores the different ways in which the current LIEP meets and diverges from everyday language practices and ends with some suggestions for future policy and practices.
{"title":"A defiance of language policy: seamless boundaries between languages in Botswana classrooms","authors":"M. Bagwasi, T. Costley","doi":"10.5871/jba/010s4.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s4.125","url":null,"abstract":"Botswana is a multilingual and multicultural country with 25 to 30 languages. In contrast to this everyday lived multilingualism, the country�s language-in-education policy (LIEP) attempts to create a homogenous population in which only two languages are used�Setswana and English. This study investigates language use in classrooms in two schools in Botswana. It explores how the LIEP is enacted in classrooms, which language(s) are used and how. The paper argues that despite a LIEP which tends to prescribe how languages are to be used within education, there is evidence that Botswanan languages are used in much more fluid ways and that the boundaries constructed through the LIEP do not necessarily play out in the day-to-day worlds of teaching and learning in schools. The paper explores the different ways in which the current LIEP meets and diverges from everyday language practices and ends with some suggestions for future policy and practices.","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71151070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The latest language in education policy in Zambia is to use a �familiar� language in the initial stages of education before transitioning into a regional and later foreign language medium. Investigating the use of a familiar language�Namwanga�in Northern Zambia, in the context of a regional language�Bemba�the article shows that learning of literacy in the regional language is better supported by classrooms that allow free use of the �home� language or mother tongue. Results from a reading and comprehension task show no hindrance to the achievement of reading fluency in a regional language when a familiar language is encouraged in the classroom. The article provides support for multi-literacies developed through languages that learners are exposed to in their environment rather than a foreign language.
{"title":"Learning literacy in a familiar language: comparing reading and comprehension competence in Bemba in two contrasting settings in Northern Zambia","authors":"N. Kula, J. Mwansa","doi":"10.5871/jba/010s4.097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s4.097","url":null,"abstract":"The latest language in education policy in Zambia is to use a �familiar� language in the initial stages of education before transitioning into a regional and later foreign language medium. Investigating the use of a familiar language�Namwanga�in Northern Zambia, in the context of a regional language�Bemba�the article shows that learning of literacy in the regional language is better supported by classrooms that allow free use of the �home� language or mother tongue. Results from a reading and comprehension task show no hindrance to the achievement of reading fluency in a regional language when a familiar language is encouraged in the classroom. The article provides support for multi-literacies developed through languages that learners are exposed to in their environment rather than a foreign language.","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71151376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we identify examples of business practices currently or recently implemented that illustrate one or more of the Principles for Purposeful Business as defined by the British Academy�s Future of the Corporation programme in 2019. We draw on existing networks and sources to identify examples which are predominantly large publicly listed corporations where we feel some of the greatest challenges to adopting the principles are likely to be. The examples are drawn from companies which generally express a purpose, though their inclusion in this article does not mean the company is necessarily a �purposeful business�. We draw on insights from stakeholder interviews, academic writings, practitioner articles, company reports, press releases, and legal documents from government sources. Our findings illustrate some of the types of practices that may be required to implement the Principles for Purposeful Business. These descriptive examples can be taken as starting points for further exploration, analysis and research.
{"title":"Principles of purposeful business: illustrative examples","authors":"Charles Ebert, Victoria Hurth","doi":"10.5871/jba/010s5.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s5.163","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we identify examples of business practices currently or recently implemented that illustrate one or more of the Principles for Purposeful Business as defined by the British Academy�s Future of the Corporation programme in 2019. We draw on existing networks and sources to identify examples which are predominantly large publicly listed corporations where we feel some of the greatest challenges to adopting the principles are likely to be. The examples are drawn from companies which generally express a purpose, though their inclusion in this article does not mean the company is necessarily a �purposeful business�. We draw on insights from stakeholder interviews, academic writings, practitioner articles, company reports, press releases, and legal documents from government sources. Our findings illustrate some of the types of practices that may be required to implement the Principles for Purposeful Business. These descriptive examples can be taken as starting points for further exploration, analysis and research.","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71151831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Traditionally, most words have been seen as having simple linear histories, with the earliest known attestation regarded as the date at which a word �entered the language�. Changing perspectives, especially from historical sociolinguistics and from detailed research on language varieties, are bringing different questions into focus. Whose language does a particular word belong to? How is it used differently by different speakers? How has this changed over time? Additionally, renewed etymological interest in the origins of complex words has prompted questions about how frequently words show convergent lines of development, polygenesis as opposed to monogenesis. This article examines some of the challenges and opportunities presented by such issues for one of the oldest tools in historical linguistics, the historical dictionary.
{"title":"Tracking the history of words: changing perspectives, changing research","authors":"P. Durkin","doi":"10.5871/jba/010.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010.067","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, most words have been seen as having simple linear histories, with the earliest known attestation regarded as the date at which a word �entered the language�. Changing perspectives, especially from historical sociolinguistics and from detailed research on language varieties, are bringing different questions into focus. Whose language does a particular word belong to? How is it used differently by different speakers? How has this changed over time? Additionally, renewed etymological interest in the origins of complex words has prompted questions about how frequently words show convergent lines of development, polygenesis as opposed to monogenesis. This article examines some of the challenges and opportunities presented by such issues for one of the oldest tools in historical linguistics, the historical dictionary.","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71149676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article explores the historical materiality of born-digital primary records from a digital forensic, archival and historical scholarship perspective. On a conceptual level, the article discusses the historical materiality, layeredness and complexity of born-digital records, considers the impact of technological change on their forensic materiality as well as archival and historical scholarship methodology and practice. These historical, forensic and archival perspectives will be laid out drawing on examples from Glyn Moody�s personal digital archive, born-digital documents of the Mass Observation Project Archive (MOPA) and cases of cybersecurity events, including the hack of matrix.org in 2019. The discussion makes the case for further developing open and sustainable digital forensic preservation formats, workflows and practice in the archive sector for personal, institutional and web archives, as well as for the development of digital forensic methodology for critical digital source appraisal in historical scholarship.
{"title":"Digital history and born-digital archives: the importance of forensic methods","authors":"Thorsten Ries","doi":"10.5871/jba/010.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010.157","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the historical materiality of born-digital primary records from a digital forensic, archival and historical scholarship perspective. On a conceptual level, the article discusses the historical materiality, layeredness and complexity of born-digital records, considers the impact of technological change on their forensic materiality as well as archival and historical scholarship methodology and practice. These historical, forensic and archival perspectives will be laid out drawing on examples from Glyn Moody�s personal digital archive, born-digital documents of the Mass Observation Project Archive (MOPA) and cases of cybersecurity events, including the hack of matrix.org in 2019. The discussion makes the case for further developing open and sustainable digital forensic preservation formats, workflows and practice in the archive sector for personal, institutional and web archives, as well as for the development of digital forensic methodology for critical digital source appraisal in historical scholarship.","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71149957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The family is the fundamental group of society and the natural environment for the growth and well-being of children. The Namibian Constitution protects the family, without specifying what �family� means�which allows for legal concepts of family to evolve to fit social realities. The caring for children, most commonly by extended family or kinship carers is widespread and a practice acceptable in most Namibian cultures in the spirit of Ubuntu. This article foregrounds the importance of carer-child relationships in the care provided by extended family for children who do not live with their birth parents. It further investigates children�s everyday understandings of what family means to offer a multiplicity of experiences of child fosterage practice. These are presented from a range of carers and children within the fosterage context and considered within children�s unique and positive relationships within their families.
{"title":"It takes a village to raise a child: everyday experiences of living with extended family in Namibia","authors":"Emmerentia Leonard, J. Ananias, V. Sharley","doi":"10.5871/jba/010s2.239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s2.239","url":null,"abstract":"The family is the fundamental group of society and the natural environment for the growth and well-being of children. The Namibian Constitution protects the family, without specifying what �family� means�which allows for legal concepts of family to evolve to fit social realities. The caring for children, most commonly by extended family or kinship carers is widespread and a practice acceptable in most Namibian cultures in the spirit of Ubuntu. This article foregrounds the importance of carer-child relationships in the care provided by extended family for children who do not live with their birth parents. It further investigates children�s everyday understandings of what family means to offer a multiplicity of experiences of child fosterage practice. These are presented from a range of carers and children within the fosterage context and considered within children�s unique and positive relationships within their families.","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71150633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recent language policy developments in Algeria have attempted to promote multilingualism through encouraging foreign languages (French and English), acknowledging Tamazight as an official language and incorporating it into some regional schools. However, the competition between the official languages and the �foreign� ones even in educational settings continues to (re-)shape the sociolinguistic profile of the public domain. This paper discusses these language policies, how they are reflected through language practices inside and outside the classroom, the challenges facing multilingualism, and the politics behind it. The analysis highlights the link between language practices and the lack of social justice and equal access to resources and power. Informed by onsite fieldwork, including questionnaires, interviews, and ethnographic observations, the study discusses the wide division of opinion in relation to these ideologically driven policies and socially constructed practices due to their connection to issues of identity, nationalism, (de-)colonialism, and globalisation.
{"title":"Multilingualism in Algeria: educational policies, language practices and challenges","authors":"Siham Rouabah","doi":"10.5871/jba/010s4.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s4.021","url":null,"abstract":"Recent language policy developments in Algeria have attempted to promote multilingualism through encouraging foreign languages (French and English), acknowledging Tamazight as an official language and incorporating it into some regional schools. However, the competition between the official languages and the �foreign� ones even in educational settings continues to (re-)shape the sociolinguistic profile of the public domain. This paper discusses these language policies, how they are reflected through language practices inside and outside the classroom, the challenges facing multilingualism, and the politics behind it. The analysis highlights the link between language practices and the lack of social justice and equal access to resources and power. Informed by onsite fieldwork, including questionnaires, interviews, and ethnographic observations, the study discusses the wide division of opinion in relation to these ideologically driven policies and socially constructed practices due to their connection to issues of identity, nationalism, (de-)colonialism, and globalisation.","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71151210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The finance industry�banks, insurers, fund managers and the rest�play a pivotal role in our economy. In particular they have a profound influence on the behaviour of our corporations and the individuals that work for them. To provide its services, the finance industry has considerable powers in corporate governance. So, if we are to reconceptualise the purpose of the corporation, this article argues that we also need to do the same for the role of the finance industry. The article begins with a review of the limited literature around �the purpose of the finance industry�. It then poses the question about what that purpose should be, whether the industry�s current practices are adequately fulfilling that purpose, and how this affects corporate behaviour. The article argues that if the finance industry itself were more purposeful, that would help to promote purposeful companies. Finally, the article makes a series of recommendations on how stakeholders can create a model of change within the industry to support purposeful outcomes.
{"title":"The purposeful corporation and the role of the finance industry","authors":"David Pitt-Watson, H. Mann","doi":"10.5871/jba/010s5.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s5.125","url":null,"abstract":"The finance industry�banks, insurers, fund managers and the rest�play a pivotal role in our economy. In particular they have a profound influence on the behaviour of our corporations and the individuals that work for them. To provide its services, the finance industry has considerable powers in corporate governance. So, if we are to reconceptualise the purpose of the corporation, this article argues that we also need to do the same for the role of the finance industry. The article begins with a review of the limited literature around �the purpose of the finance industry�. It then poses the question about what that purpose should be, whether the industry�s current practices are adequately fulfilling that purpose, and how this affects corporate behaviour. The article argues that if the finance industry itself were more purposeful, that would help to promote purposeful companies. Finally, the article makes a series of recommendations on how stakeholders can create a model of change within the industry to support purposeful outcomes.","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71151778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article discusses the construct of the concept of 'national language' in Angolan society in general, and in intellectual circles in particular. For a clear understanding of the concept, two others are also considered. One is the concept of 'official language' and the other is that of 'regional language'. Three questions will be of paramount importance to help delineate the focus of the article. Firstly, how is the term 'national language' used in the literature and in the context of communication in Angola? Secondly, how different is it from the other two terms? Thirdly, how can academia help to clarify this concept in the Angolan context, where it seems to be used inaccurately?
{"title":"The construct of 'national' languages in independent Angola: towards its deconstruction","authors":"Botelho Jimbi, Dinis Vandor Sicala","doi":"10.5871/jba/010s6.059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5871/jba/010s6.059","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the construct of the concept of 'national language' in Angolan society in general, and in intellectual circles in particular. For a clear understanding of the concept, two others are also considered. One is the concept of 'official language' and the other is that of 'regional language'. Three questions will be of paramount importance to help delineate the focus of the article. Firstly, how is the term 'national language' used in the literature and in the context of communication in Angola? Secondly, how different is it from the other two terms? Thirdly, how can academia help to clarify this concept in the Angolan context, where it seems to be used inaccurately?","PeriodicalId":93790,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the British Academy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71151956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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