JSFA reports最新文献_第2页

Optimizing insect repellence in open sun drying of fish through the combined influence of salt, turmeric, pepper and the bacteriocin nisin under tropical conditions 在热带条件下，通过盐、姜黄、胡椒和细菌素尼辛的综合影响，优化露天晒干鱼类的驱虫效果

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-09-25 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.219

Nadia Nusrat, Md. Shaheed Reza, Muhammad Mehedi Hasan, Md. Kamal

Background

Sun drying of fish in open air is an age-old traditional practice in Asia and some other parts of the world. This study aims to suggest optimal field doses of turmeric, pepper, salt and the bacteriocin nisin (food additive, E234) for open-sun-dried silver jewfish (Johnius argentatus) under a tropical environment. Investigations were carried out on the blowfly infestation, proximate composition, water reconstitution properties and organoleptic and microbial quality of open-air-dried fish samples.

Results

A direct relationship between moisture reduction and drying period was observed with salt-treated samples demonstrating accelerated moisture reduction, reaching as low as 14.1% after 34 h. Turmeric and pepper treatments provided some protection against weight loss but ultimately extended the drying time to 38 h. Botanical pesticides like turmeric or pepper exhibited significant efficacy against blowfly adult and larval infestation with similar efficacy observed in 15% and 25% salt-treated samples. Proximate composition analysis revealed that salt-treated samples had lower moisture ranging from 14.1% to 16.0% but higher protein of 58.2%–62.1%, while the lipid and ash content did not vary significantly (p > 0.05). The water reconstitution properties of salt-treated samples exhibited superior rehydration rates, with the highest in nisin (Niseen S) + 15% salt-treated samples at 60°C, while organoleptic evaluations revealed salt-treated samples to possess favourable attributes with minimal insect infestation and broken pieces. Finally, microbial analysis demonstrated the lowest aerobic plate count in dried fish samples treated with nisin (Niseen S) alone or in combination with 15% salt and/or 3% turmeric ranging from 3.97 ± 0.20 to 4.33 ± 0.07 log cfu/g.

Conclusion

It is concluded that 200 ppm nisin (Niseen S)-treated samples in combination with 3% turmeric and/or 15% salt are a viable option for producing high-quality dried fish in traditional open-air sun-drying practices.

背景在亚洲和世界其他一些地区，露天晒干鱼类是一种古老的传统做法。本研究旨在为热带环境下露天晒干的银鱼（Johnius argentatus）提出姜黄、胡椒、盐和细菌素 nisin（食品添加剂，E234）的最佳现场剂量。对露天晒干的银鱼样本进行了关于蝇害、近似物成分、水重组特性以及感官和微生物质量的调查。结果观察到水分减少与干燥时间之间存在直接关系，盐处理的样品水分减少速度加快，34 小时后水分减少率低至 14.1%。姜黄和胡椒处理在一定程度上防止了重量损失，但最终将干燥时间延长至 38 小时。姜黄或胡椒等植物杀虫剂对成虫和幼虫的吹虱具有显著效果，15% 和 25% 盐处理的样品也具有类似效果。近似成分分析表明，盐处理过的样品水分含量较低，为 14.1%-16.0%，但蛋白质含量较高，为 58.2%-62.1%，而脂质和灰分含量变化不大（p > 0.05）。盐处理过的样品的水重组特性显示出卓越的再水化率，在 60°C 时，尼生素（Niseen S）+ 15%盐处理过的样品的再水化率最高，而感官评估显示盐处理过的样品具有良好的特性，虫害和碎块极少。最后，微生物分析表明，单独使用尼生素（Niseen S）或与 15%食盐和/或 3%姜黄混合使用尼生素（Niseen S）处理的鱼干样品中，需氧菌板计数最低，为 3.97 ± 0.20 至 4.33 ± 0.07 log cfu/g。结论经 200 ppm nisin（Niseen S）处理的样品与 3% 姜黄和/或 15% 盐混合使用，是在传统露天晒干做法中生产优质鱼干的可行选择。

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引用次数: 0

Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of Northern Finncattle steers compared to Holstein steers offered grass silage-grain-based ration 北方芬兰牛与荷斯坦牛青贮谷物饲粮的生长性能、胴体特征和肉质比较

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.218

Liisa Keto, Katariina Manni, Anne Tuomivaara, Päivi Soppela, Arto Huuskonen

Background

Finnish beef production is largely based on dairy breeds. Eastern Finncattle, Western Finncattle, and Northern Finncattle (NFC) are native breeds, whereas Holstein (HO) and Nordic Red are the most important commercial dairy breeds. The NFC has been the closest to extinction among Finnish native cattle breeds. The objective of the experiment was to provide data on meat quality of NFC compared to HO. To our knowledge no previously published scientific data about the meat quality traits of NFC is available.

Results

The targeted slaughter age was 600 days for both NFC and HO. The carcass gain of the HO steers was 60% higher compared to NFC steers. No breed differences in dressing proportion, carcass conformation, or carcass fat score were observed. Breed had no effect on the pH, color, drip loss, chemical composition, shear force value, or sensory tenderness of the longissimus lumborum muscle. However, beef flavor of the NFC steers was evaluated 7% better compared to the HO steers. In addition, the longissimus lumborum muscle of the NFC steers tended to be juicier than that of the HO steers.

Conclusions

Only little variability in meat quality traits was observed between the breeds. However, NFC requires a longer growing period than HO when targeting the same carcass weight. To promote the use of the NFC in beef production, it is necessary to find other than economic production efficiency features, which would provide added value for premium meat quality to compensate the lower production efficiency.

背景芬兰的牛肉生产主要以奶牛品种为基础。东部芬卡牛、西部芬卡牛和北部芬卡牛（NFC）是本土品种，而荷斯坦牛（HO）和北欧红牛则是最重要的商业奶牛品种。在芬兰本土牛种中，NFC最接近灭绝。实验的目的是提供 NFC 与荷斯坦牛相比的肉质数据。据我们所知，目前还没有关于 NFC 肉质特征的科学数据。结果 NFC 和 HO 的目标屠宰日龄均为 600 天。与 NFC 牛相比，HO 牛的胴体增重高出 60%。在拌料比例、胴体构型或胴体脂肪评分方面没有观察到品种差异。牛种对腰长肌的 pH 值、颜色、滴水损失、化学成分、剪切力值或感觉柔软度没有影响。然而，NFC 牛的牛肉风味比 HO 牛好 7%。此外，NFC 牛的腰长肌往往比 HO 牛的腰长肌更加多汁。结论在不同品种之间，肉质性状的差异很小。然而，在胴体重量相同的情况下，NFC 比 HO 需要更长的生长期。为了在牛肉生产中推广使用 NFC，有必要找到除经济生产效率以外的其他特征，以提供优质肉质的附加值来弥补较低的生产效率。

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引用次数: 0

Determinants of crop diversification and its impact on farmers' income: A case study in Rangpur District, Bangladesh 作物多样化的决定因素及其对农民收入的影响：孟加拉国朗布尔地区的案例研究

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.216

Md Sayemul Islam, Hasneen Jahan, Nishat Sultana Ema, Md. Rubel Ahmed

Background

In the face of rising global food demand, climate change, and economic uncertainties, crop diversification has emerged as a crucial tool for achieving both economic and environmental sustainability. In Bangladesh, where the economy heavily relies on agriculture, crop diversification can play a vital role in enhancing farmers' livelihoods and domestic food production.

Results

This study focuses on Rangpur district, an agricultural hub in Bangladesh, analyzing data from 122 farmers to assess the status, determinants, and effects of crop diversification. The Simpson Diversification Index (SDI) analysis revealed that 29% and 68% of the farmers exhibit very high and high degrees of crop diversification, respectively. The Tobit model identified significant drivers of crop diversification, including education, household size, farming experience, non-farm income, mobile phone information access, experience with climatic shocks, and land type. Additionally, the Log-Linear model indicated that each unit increase in the SDI score corresponds to a 2.41% increase in farmers' income.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates that crop diversification is a key strategy for enhancing economic sustainability and increasing income among farmers in Bangladesh. By improving both economic outcomes and resilience, crop diversification supports sustainable agricultural practices in the region.

背景面对不断增长的全球粮食需求、气候变化和经济不确定性，作物多样化已成为实现经济和环境可持续发展的重要工具。在经济严重依赖农业的孟加拉国，作物多样化可在改善农民生计和提高国内粮食产量方面发挥重要作用。结果本研究以孟加拉国的农业中心朗普尔地区为重点，分析了 122 位农民的数据，以评估作物多样化的现状、决定因素和影响。辛普森多样化指数（SDI）分析表明，分别有 29% 和 68% 的农民表现出很高和很高的作物多样化程度。Tobit 模型确定了作物多样化的重要驱动因素，包括教育、家庭规模、耕作经验、非农业收入、手机信息获取、气候冲击经验和土地类型。此外，对数线性模型表明，SDI 分数每增加一个单位，农民收入就会增加 2.41%。结论该研究表明，作物多样化是孟加拉国提高经济可持续性和增加农民收入的关键战略。通过提高经济效益和抗灾能力，作物多样化支持了该地区的可持续农业实践。

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引用次数: 0

Lactobacillus johnsonii colonizing in mice intestine contributes to control the gut barrier function via regeneration of the crypt in DSS-treated mice 约翰逊乳杆菌在小鼠肠道中的定植有助于通过DSS处理小鼠隐窝的再生来控制肠道屏障功能

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.217

Yuying Bai, Mengying Lyu, Takashi Satoh, Kanami Orihara, Kazuhiko Miyanaga, Takahiro Adachi, Naoyuki Yamamoto

Background

Unbalanced gut microbiota is considered to cause dysfunction of the gut barrier function. Lactobacillus johnsonii MG, isolated from mouse feces as gut associating lactobacilli, enhanced gut barrier function in Caco-2 cells via interaction with JAM-2 in tight junctions. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of L. johnsonii MG were investigated in a colitis mouse model developed by treating mice with 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 9 days.

Results

MG treatment of colitis mice resulted in fast recovery of the body weight and showed significant improvement in the disease activity index and histopathological scores. The histomorphological score increased by DSS treatment was significantly improved in the MG-treated group. In the intestine, the expression of Ocln, Zo1, Itga6, Lama3, and Jam2 genes, which are involved in tight junction functions, were significantly upregulated in MG-treated colitis mice. In the microflora analysis, the abundance of Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides, and Lachnospiraceae were reduced in DSS-treated mice and recovered by MG treatment.

Conclusion

We reported the potential of L. johnsonii MG in the regeneration of crypts and integrity of matrix proteins in the gut of mice with colitis through its association with tight junctions. The experimental results provide new insights into the probiotic effect of tight junction associating L. johnsonii MG.

背景肠道微生物群不平衡被认为会导致肠道屏障功能失调。约翰逊乳杆菌（Lactobacillus johnsonii MG）是从小鼠粪便中分离出来的肠道关联乳杆菌，它能通过与紧密连接中的 JAM-2 相互作用增强 Caco-2 细胞的肠道屏障功能。本研究在用 3% 右旋糖酐硫酸钠（DSS）治疗小鼠 9 天后建立的结肠炎小鼠模型中研究了约翰逊酵母菌 MG 的抗炎作用。结果 MG 治疗结肠炎小鼠后，体重迅速恢复，疾病活动指数和组织病理学评分显著改善。在 MG 治疗组中，DSS 治疗增加的组织形态学评分得到了明显改善。在肠道中，参与紧密连接功能的 Ocln、Zo1、Itga6、Lama3 和 Jam2 基因的表达在 MG 治疗的结肠炎小鼠中明显上调。在微生物区系分析中，DSS 处理的小鼠中反刍球菌属、乳酸杆菌属和拉赫诺斯皮拉菌属的丰度降低，而 MG 处理的小鼠中反刍球菌属、乳酸杆菌属和拉赫诺斯皮拉菌属的丰度恢复。结论我们报告了约翰逊鹅膏菌 MG 通过与紧密连接，在结肠炎小鼠肠道隐窝再生和基质蛋白完整性方面的潜力。实验结果为研究与紧密连接相关的 L. johnsonii MG 的益生作用提供了新的视角。

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引用次数: 0

Pork cuts, hams, and sausages have digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) close to or over 100 猪肉肉块、火腿和香肠的可消化不可缺少氨基酸得分（DIAAS）接近或超过 100

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-08-29 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.215

Natalia S. Fanelli, Juliana C. F. R. Martins, Hans H. Stein

Background

The “Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score” (DIAAS) method measures protein quality in human foods. Animal-based products generally have high protein quality, but DIAAS values for some pork products are not available. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS values for pork products, including three types of pork cuts, Italian hams, and sausages, and to test the hypothesis that all pork products have DIAAS equal to or greater than 100.

Results

The mean SID of the indispensable AA in all pork products was above 90% and indicated excellent digestibility. For children from 6 months to 3 years old and individuals older than 3 years, prosciutto had greater (p < 0.05) DIAAS than all other pork products. Tenderloin and Coppa had greater (p < 0.05) DIAAS than back ribs, shoulder butt, chorizo, and bratwurst. There were no limiting AA in any of the pork products (DIAAS >100) with the exception that sulfur AA (SAA: methionine + cysteine) were limiting in chorizo for children from 6 months to 3 years old (DIAAS = 99).

Conclusion

With the exception of chorizo for children less than 3 years old, all pork products have “excellent” protein quality for individuals older than 6 months of age, with DIAAS greater than 100. Pork proteins can, therefore, complement proteins with low quality to produce a meal that is adequate in all AA.

背景 "可消化不可缺少氨基酸评分"（DIAAS）法测量人类食品中的蛋白质质量。动物性食品通常具有较高的蛋白质质量，但一些猪肉产品的 DIAAS 值却无法获得。因此，本实验的目的是测定三种猪肉、意大利火腿和香肠等猪肉产品的氨基酸（AA）标准回肠消化率（SID）和 DIAAS 值，并检验所有猪肉产品的 DIAAS 值是否等于或大于 100 的假设。结果所有猪肉产品中不可缺少的 AA 的平均 SID 均高于 90%，表明消化率极高。对于 6 个月至 3 岁的儿童和 3 岁以上的人来说，意大利熏火腿的 DIAAS 值（p < 0.05）高于所有其他猪肉产品。里脊肉和 Coppa 的 DIAAS 值（p < 0.05）高于排骨、肩臀肉、香肠和香肠。除了辣肉肠中的硫AA（SAA：蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸）对6个月至3岁的儿童有限制（DIAAS = 99）外，其他猪肉产品中都没有限制AA（DIAAS >100）。结论除了适合 3 岁以下儿童食用的辣肉肠外，所有猪肉产品的蛋白质质量对于 6 个月以上的儿童来说都是 "优秀 "的，DIAAS 均大于 100。因此，猪肉蛋白质可以与低质量蛋白质互补，从而生产出所有 AA 均充足的膳食。

{"title":"Pork cuts, hams, and sausages have digestible indispensable amino acid scores (DIAAS) close to or over 100","authors":"Natalia S. Fanelli, Juliana C. F. R. Martins, Hans H. Stein","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jsf2.215","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The “Digestible Indispensable Amino Acid Score” (DIAAS) method measures protein quality in human foods. Animal-based products generally have high protein quality, but DIAAS values for some pork products are not available. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to determine standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) and DIAAS values for pork products, including three types of pork cuts, Italian hams, and sausages, and to test the hypothesis that all pork products have DIAAS equal to or greater than 100.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The mean SID of the indispensable AA in all pork products was above 90% and indicated excellent digestibility. For children from 6 months to 3 years old and individuals older than 3 years, prosciutto had greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) DIAAS than all other pork products. Tenderloin and Coppa had greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) DIAAS than back ribs, shoulder butt, chorizo, and bratwurst. There were no limiting AA in any of the pork products (DIAAS >100) with the exception that sulfur AA (SAA: methionine + cysteine) were limiting in chorizo for children from 6 months to 3 years old (DIAAS = 99).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>With the exception of chorizo for children less than 3 years old, all pork products have “excellent” protein quality for individuals older than 6 months of age, with DIAAS greater than 100. Pork proteins can, therefore, complement proteins with low quality to produce a meal that is adequate in all AA.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 9","pages":"326-335"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.215","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142316966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Predicted methane production from Italian ryegrass pastures with contrasting chemical composition under sheep grazing in Northern Norway 挪威北部牧羊条件下化学成分截然不同的意大利黑麦草牧场的甲烷产量预测

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-07-29 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.213

Q. Lardy, M. Ramin, M. Hetta, G. H. M. Jørgensen, V. Lind

Background

The Norwegian sheep farming system relies on forages, such as grass silage during winter and grazing cultivated leys and rangeland pastures during summer. Sheep and other ruminants produce enteric methane (CH₄), a greenhouse gas of interest, and there is a need for reliable data on gas emissions from sheep capturing both the indoor feeding period and the grazing season. This study utilized an in vitro gas technique (with standard cow rumen fluid) and modeling approach to estimate CH₄ production and fermentation patterns based on two different qualities of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture under sheep grazing.

Results

Herbage quality was examined for two 10-day periods, in July and August. Differences in chemical composition of the herbage during these periods had an impact on herbage digestibility and CH₄ production. Total gas production and CH₄ levels were significantly higher for lower quality herbage grazed in July than for higher quality herbage grazed in August (p < 0.005). Production of volatile fatty acids in the rumen remained constant between the two periods, but the higher acetate to propionate (A/P) ratio correlated with the higher CH₄ production.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that pasture quality is an important factor to consider when implementing grazing strategies to reduce enteric CH₄ production in sheep.

背景挪威的绵羊养殖系统主要依靠饲草，如冬季的青贮饲料和夏季放牧的耕地和牧场。绵羊和其他反刍动物会产生肠道甲烷（CH4），这是一种令人关注的温室气体，因此需要获得绵羊在室内饲养期和放牧期气体排放的可靠数据。本研究采用体外气体技术（使用标准牛瘤胃液）和建模方法，根据两种不同质量的意大利黑麦草（Lolium multiflorum）牧草在绵羊放牧期间的情况，估算 CH4 产量和发酵模式。结果对七月和八月两个为期 10 天的牧草质量进行了检测。这两个时间段内牧草化学成分的差异对牧草消化率和甲烷产量都有影响。七月放牧的低质量草料的总产气量和甲烷含量明显高于八月放牧的高质量草料（p < 0.005）。两个时期瘤胃中挥发性脂肪酸的产生量保持不变，但较高的乙酸盐与丙酸盐（A/P）比率与较高的甲烷（CH4）产生量相关。结论这些研究结果表明，在实施放牧策略以减少绵羊肠道甲烷产量时，牧草质量是一个需要考虑的重要因素。

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引用次数: 0

Exploring data sources and farmers' perceptions regarding agrochemical use and food safety in Nigeria 探索尼日利亚农用化学品使用和食品安全方面的数据来源和农民看法

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-07-28 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.212

Andrew Chiahalam Apeh, Chikamso Christian Apeh, Sunday Ifeanyi Ukwuaba, Ikechi Kelechi Agbugba, Helen Onyeaka

Background

Farmers in Nigeria are using agrochemicals inappropriately which pose health and environmental risks. The current research aims at establishing the socio-economic pressure factors behind these practices and also assesses the effectiveness of measures into reducing the risky use of agrochemicals. Data were collected from 840 participants comprising farmers and agrochemical marketers using a multistage sampling technique across six states in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics and detailed case studies were employed to explore socio-economic antecedents of agrochemical application.

Results

Findings of this study showed that market demands, costs, and unavailability of safer compounds put the farmers in a dilemma regarding proper usage of agrochemicals. Among the farmers in Esanland, 96% of them applied agrochemicals in their farming activities without first following the best practices, and the reason was that 61% of them mentioned that they were compelled to use it due to market demands. Likewise in Fadan Daji, 65% farmers revealed that high cost and no training were the causes of their improper use of agrochemicals. This study also established that factors that hindered the prevention of these practices including financial constraints, lack of adequate education and training, and weak enforcement of regulations.

Conclusion

This study suggested that to encourage proper utilization of agrochemicals, extended emphasis needs to be placed on addressing the socio-economic factors. Hence, the study recommended the following measures: incentives to facilitate the use of sustainable practices by encouraging financial rewards, extensive education, and training on the benefits of sustainable practices as well as new legislation to reduce supply of reckless agrochemicals.

背景尼日利亚农民使用农用化学品不当，对健康和环境造成危害。目前的研究旨在确定这些做法背后的社会经济压力因素，并评估减少农用化学品使用风险的措施的有效性。研究采用多阶段抽样技术，从尼日利亚六个州的 840 名参与者（包括农民和农用化学品营销人员）中收集了数据。采用了描述性统计和详细的案例研究来探讨农用化学品应用的社会经济前因。研究结果研究结果表明，市场需求、成本和更安全化合物的缺乏使农民在正确使用农用化学品方面进退两难。在埃桑兰的农民中，96% 的人在农业活动中使用农用化学品时没有首先遵循最佳做法，原因是其中 61% 的人提到，他们是迫于市场需求才使用农用化学品的。同样，在 Fadan Daji，65% 的农民表示，高成本和缺乏培训是导致他们不当使用农用化学品的原因。这项研究还发现，妨碍防止这些做法的因素包括资金限制、缺乏足够的教育和培训以及法规执行不力。结论本研究建议，为鼓励正确使用农用化学品，需要进一步重视解决社会经济因素。因此，研究建议采取以下措施：通过鼓励经济奖励、广泛教育和培训来宣传可持续做法的益处，以及制定新的法律来减少不计后果的农用化学品供应，从而促进可持续做法的使用。

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引用次数: 0

Inhibitory effects of essential oils on the growth of grain storage molds and the formation of aflatoxin in stored organic corn grains 精油对谷物储藏霉菌生长和储藏有机玉米粒中黄曲霉毒素形成的抑制作用

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-07-11 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.210

Esther F. Iwayemi, Jianmei Yu, Djaafar Rehrah, Shurrita S. Davis, Leonard L. Williams

Background

Mold contamination in post-harvest grain storage degrades grain quality and produces mycotoxins, causing economic losses and health issues. This study evaluated the inhibitory effects of six essential oils (cinnamon, clove, eugenol, orange terpenes, oregano, and thyme oil) on total and specific mold genera growth using potato dextrose agar (PDA) and selective media plates, respectively, at different concentrations of EOs (0–0.8 mg/mL). The antifungal index (AI) of each treatment were measured after 7 days incubation at 22°C. The fungicidal activity of EOs in stored organic corn grains was tested using a simulated fumigation method, and the aflatoxin contents in the corn grains were determined biweekly for 6 weeks.

Results

Results indicate that the tested EOs, except orange terpenes, significantly inhibited mold growth. Overall, eugenol demonstrated the highest effectiveness against total mold growth with cinnamon oil following closely behind. The cinnamon oil also consistently showed highest AI and lowest IC₅₀ (0.065 mg/mL) against the growth of Aspergillus and Penicillium followed by clove oil with IC₅₀ being 0.12 mg/mL. The Fusarium spp. was more sensitive to EOs, particularly cinnamon oil (IC₅₀ = 0.006 mg/mL), and eugenol and oregano oil (IC₅₀ = 0.01 mg/mL). In the simulated fumigation tests, cinnamon, oregano, and thyme oils at 0.05 mL/25 g corn significantly inhibited the mold growth and aflatoxin production at water activity 0.85, and temperature 25 and 35°C over a period of 42 days storage.

Conclusion

The EOs tested in this study except orange terpenes can potentially serve as alternatives to toxic synthetic fungicides/fumigants for organic corn grain protection during storage.

收获后谷物储藏过程中的霉菌污染会降低谷物品质并产生霉菌毒素，造成经济损失和健康问题。本研究使用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂（PDA）和选择性培养基平板，分别评估了不同浓度（0-0.8 毫克/毫升）的六种精油（肉桂、丁香、丁香酚、橙萜烯、牛至和百里香油）对总霉菌属和特定霉菌属生长的抑制作用。在 22 摄氏度下培养 7 天后，测量各处理的抗真菌指数（AI）。使用模拟熏蒸法测试了 EO 在储存的有机玉米粒中的杀菌活性，并在 6 周内每两周测定一次玉米粒中的黄曲霉毒素含量。总体而言，丁香酚对霉菌生长的抑制效果最好，肉桂油紧随其后。肉桂油对曲霉菌和青霉的生长也一直表现出最高的 AI 值和最低的 IC50 值（0.065 毫克/毫升），其次是丁香油，IC50 值为 0.12 毫克/毫升。镰刀菌属对环氧乙烷更敏感，尤其是肉桂油（IC50 = 0.006 毫克/毫升）以及丁香酚和牛至油（IC50 = 0.01 毫克/毫升）。在模拟熏蒸试验中，肉桂油、牛至油和百里香油（0.05 mL/25 g 玉米）在水活度为 0.85、温度为 25 和 35°C 的条件下，能在 42 天的储存期间显著抑制霉菌的生长和黄曲霉毒素的产生。

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引用次数: 0

Understanding food safety challenges through a gender and social lens in low- and middle-income countries 从性别和社会视角了解中低收入国家的食品安全挑战

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.211

Natalia Milovanova, Deborah C. Chukwugozie, Kezhiya David, Blessing Anthonia Okonji, Esther Ibe Njoagwuani, Ifeanyi Michael Onwukaeme, Nnabueze Darlington Nnaji, Helen Onyeaka, Phemelo Tamasiga

Food safety is crucial for ensuring the quality and safety of the global food supply. However, the gender and social dimensions of food safety are often overlooked and undervalued. Women, who are primary caretakers in households, play a vital role in food preparation, storage, and consumption. Gender inequality can result in limited access to resources and information needed for safe food handling and storage, increasing women's vulnerability to foodborne illnesses. Cultural practices, education, and income levels also impact food safety. These factors can contribute to disparities in food safety and increase the risk of foodborne illnesses among certain populations. Promoting gender equality, cultural sensitivity, and addressing income inequality are essential to ensure safe and secure food for all. Addressing these issues can lead to a more equitable and sustainable food system.

食品安全对于确保全球食品供应的质量和安全至关重要。然而，食品安全的性别和社会层面往往被忽视和低估。妇女是家庭的主要照料者，在食品准备、储存和消费方面发挥着至关重要的作用。性别不平等会导致她们在获取安全处理和储存食物所需的资源和信息方面受到限制，从而增加妇女患食源性疾病的风险。文化习俗、教育和收入水平也会影响食品安全。这些因素会造成食品安全方面的差异，并增加某些人群罹患食源性疾病的风险。促进性别平等、提高文化敏感性和解决收入不平等问题对于确保人人享有安全可靠的食品至关重要。解决这些问题可以建立一个更加公平和可持续的食品体系。

引用次数: 0

Inventory of Loranthaceae parasites of Bayangam fruit trees in West Cameroon 喀麦隆西部巴扬加姆果树上的罗兰科寄生虫清单

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.209

Gilles Jiope Azangue, Bonaventure Sonke, Wauffo Fokom David

Background

Loranthaceae parasitism is a limiting factor for crops as well as many other plant diseases and pests. The present study was conducted to make an inventory of Loranthaceae present on fruit trees species grown in the Bayangam locality. It also aimed to record the damage caused by these pests on the host plants. To achieve this, 40 transects of 100 m length and 50 m width were set up in the locality of Bayangam. Observations were made on the presence or absence of the parasites on the host plants, the number of Loranthaceae clumps carried by each parasitized tree, the taxon of the parasite, and the damage caused by the Loranthaceae on the host plants.

Results

The inventories identified six species of Loranthaceae belonging to four genera. These were Globimetula braunii, Globimetula dinklagei, Globimetula oreophila, Helixanthera mannii, Phragmanthera capitata, and Tapinanthus globiferus. Parasite densities varied among species and increased with the circumference of host plants. Globimetula braunii and Phragmanthera capitata were the most invasive species on host plants.

Conclusion

Fruit trees in Bayangam are largely parasitized by Loranthaceae. The only control method used by the populations is pruning of parasitized branches during drought periods. This method is not effective because of the large number of trees and branches parasitized. The identification of Loranthaceae-resistant cultivars in fruit tree production is an interesting element in the perspective of control.

背景罗兰科寄生植物是农作物以及许多其他植物病虫害的限制因素。本研究旨在清点巴扬加姆（Bayangam）地区种植的果树上的寄生虫。研究还旨在记录这些害虫对寄主植物造成的损害。为此，在巴扬加姆地区设置了 40 个长 100 米、宽 50 米的横断面。观察内容包括寄主植物上是否存在寄生虫、每棵被寄生树木所携带的罗汉松丛数、寄生虫的分类群以及罗汉松对寄主植物造成的损害。结果在清查中发现了属于 4 个属的 6 种罗兰科植物。它们是 Globimetula braunii、Globimetula dinklagei、Globimetula oreophila、Helixanthera mannii、Phragmanthera capitata 和 Tapinanthus globiferus。寄生虫的密度因物种而异，并随寄主植物的周长而增加。Globimetula braunii 和 Phragmanthera capitata 是对寄主植物侵害最大的物种。结论巴扬加姆的果树主要寄生于罗兰科植物。当地居民采用的唯一控制方法是在干旱期间修剪寄生枝条。由于被寄生的树木和树枝数量庞大，这种方法并不有效。从控制的角度来看，在果树生产中确定抗罗兰科植物的栽培品种是一个有意义的因素。

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