Peanut is regulated as a major food allergen in the United States. Food products containing peanut must be labeled according to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (FD&C) Act, and accurate labeling requires effective detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are highly sensitive, specific, and robust for this purpose. Digital PCR is the latest generation of PCR technology and offers potential advantages over more established PCR techniques, but very few studies report the evaluation of digital PCR for use in food allergen detection.
Results
In this work, a multiplex digital PCR assay was evaluated for the detection of peanut in food ingredients at levels ranging from 0.1 mg/kg (ppm) to 106 mg/kg (100% peanut), and it was compared to a real-time PCR assay. Both digital and real-time PCR detected peanut effectively at all levels in all food ingredients. Digital PCR had limits of detection (LOD) at 0.1 mg/kg for all three targets and limits of quantification (LOQ) at 1–10 mg/kg depending on the target. Real-time PCR had LOD at 0.1–10 mg/kg depending on the target, and LOQ at 100 mg/kg.
Conclusions
Digital PCR was both more precise and more sensitive than real-time PCR for detection of peanut spiked into food ingredients. While more testing is needed to determine the relative effects of complex food matrices and processing, these early results show that digital PCR is an innovative method that can help ensure chemical food safety through sensitive, precise detection of DNA from allergenic foods such as peanut.
{"title":"Droplet digital PCR for detection of allergenic peanut in food ingredients","authors":"Anne C. Eischeid","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Peanut is regulated as a major food allergen in the United States. Food products containing peanut must be labeled according to the Food, Drug, and Cosmetics (FD&C) Act, and accurate labeling requires effective detection methods. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods are highly sensitive, specific, and robust for this purpose. Digital PCR is the latest generation of PCR technology and offers potential advantages over more established PCR techniques, but very few studies report the evaluation of digital PCR for use in food allergen detection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this work, a multiplex digital PCR assay was evaluated for the detection of peanut in food ingredients at levels ranging from 0.1 mg/kg (ppm) to 10<sup>6</sup> mg/kg (100% peanut), and it was compared to a real-time PCR assay. Both digital and real-time PCR detected peanut effectively at all levels in all food ingredients. Digital PCR had limits of detection (LOD) at 0.1 mg/kg for all three targets and limits of quantification (LOQ) at 1–10 mg/kg depending on the target. Real-time PCR had LOD at 0.1–10 mg/kg depending on the target, and LOQ at 100 mg/kg.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Digital PCR was both more precise and more sensitive than real-time PCR for detection of peanut spiked into food ingredients. While more testing is needed to determine the relative effects of complex food matrices and processing, these early results show that digital PCR is an innovative method that can help ensure chemical food safety through sensitive, precise detection of DNA from allergenic foods such as peanut.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 9","pages":"362-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Myriame Dansi, Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko, Espérance Codjia, Jeannette Gbémissola Fakorede, Paterne A. Agre, Abel Amegan, Aristide Cossi Adomou, Gbèwonmèdéa Hospice Dassou, Alexandre A. Dansi
Background
In the Republic of Benin, the fresh yam market has two key periods: a time of high availability from August to February, followed by a scarcity from March to July. Fortunately, when Dioscorea rotundata fresh tubers become scarce and expensive, Dioscorea alata (commonly known as Agaabidjan/ Florido) pervades the market and provides a substitute, ensuring income for all value chain actors. Despite its importance, the gene pool of water yam is low and vulnerable in the growing areas.
Results
To assess the yield stability of water yam landraces grown in the traditional Beninese agriculture and identify elite genotypes, a genotype main effect and genotype-by-environment (GGE) interaction biplot analysis was conducted together with sensorial evaluation based on yam consumers preferences. Thirteen local and three improved varieties were assessed for fresh tuber yield and pounded yam quality across three locations over two consecutive seasons (2022 and 2023). Our findings showed that the accessions of three landraces Sakata Kpeguelehoun, Sakata Metchessa, Sakata Sossohoun) and two improved varieties (TDa0000194, TDa1510043) outperformed Florido in terms of yield, and three other landraces (Possoposso, Kpatampia, Lèssèlèssè) have similar yields.
Conclusion
Our results revealed that the most productive water yam accessions do not necessarily present a more stable yield across different environments. Sakata Metchessa stood out as a strong candidate for the national water yam-breeding program with good culinary features and high and stable yield in various environments. All landraces collected have their particularity, which highlights the importance of farmers in selection.
{"title":"Yield stability of water yam (Dioscorea alata L) landraces compared to improved varieties across multiple environments and their culinary qualities in the Republic of Benin","authors":"Myriame Dansi, Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko, Espérance Codjia, Jeannette Gbémissola Fakorede, Paterne A. Agre, Abel Amegan, Aristide Cossi Adomou, Gbèwonmèdéa Hospice Dassou, Alexandre A. Dansi","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the Republic of Benin, the fresh yam market has two key periods: a time of high availability from August to February, followed by a scarcity from March to July. Fortunately, when <i>Dioscorea rotundata</i> fresh tubers become scarce and expensive, <i>Dioscorea alata</i> (commonly known as Agaabidjan/ Florido) pervades the market and provides a substitute, ensuring income for all value chain actors. Despite its importance, the gene pool of water yam is low and vulnerable in the growing areas.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To assess the yield stability of water yam landraces grown in the traditional Beninese agriculture and identify elite genotypes, a genotype main effect and genotype-by-environment (GGE) interaction biplot analysis was conducted together with sensorial evaluation based on yam consumers preferences. Thirteen local and three improved varieties were assessed for fresh tuber yield and pounded yam quality across three locations over two consecutive seasons (2022 and 2023). Our findings showed that the accessions of three landraces Sakata Kpeguelehoun, Sakata Metchessa, Sakata Sossohoun) and two improved varieties (TDa0000194, TDa1510043) outperformed Florido in terms of yield, and three other landraces (Possoposso, Kpatampia, Lèssèlèssè) have similar yields.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results revealed that the most productive water yam accessions do not necessarily present a more stable yield across different environments. Sakata Metchessa stood out as a strong candidate for the national water yam-breeding program with good culinary features and high and stable yield in various environments. All landraces collected have their particularity, which highlights the importance of farmers in selection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 7","pages":"315-325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
William J. S. Edwards, Chloe Skingle, Richard Small, Robert Barker, Anastasios D. Tsaousis
Background
This study evaluates the viability of a novel bio-conversion unit (BCU) for extensive black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) production as a sustainable feed additive for livestock. The BCU's effectiveness in converting organic byproducts into valuable biomass via the production of BSFL was assessed to reduce reliance on environmentally taxing feed sources like soy and fishmeal. Additionally, the BCU was tested for its ability to replicate small-scale BSFL experiments in a realistic industrial environment while facilitating simultaneous testing of multiple feeding substrates for BSFL. BSFLs were reared in the BCU on various low-bioburden commercial byproducts, and their yield, macronutrient and micronutrient profiles were compared to those of larvae raised on a nutritionally balanced diet. High-throughput amplicon sequencing was used to investigate the impact of different diets on the BSFL gut microbiome, replicating laboratory findings on an industrial scale.
Results
Larvae reared on low-bioburden substrate in the BCU demonstrated comparable or improved protein and fat content compared to those reared on animal feed, with consistently high yields across all byproduct substrates. Micronutrient analysis revealed elevated calcium levels (compared to the literature), among other essential elements, in the byproduct-fed larvae, further supporting their potential as a nutritious livestock feed additive. Microbiome analysis confirmed a stable core microbiome across all conditions, with some genera emerging as dominant at the industrial scale, highlighting the importance of larger-scale replication for accurate microbiome research.
Conclusion
In this pilot study, the BCU proves to be a reliable and efficient system for broad BSFL production, converting organic byproducts into high-quality biomass suitable for animal feed. Its controlled environment and scalability make it a valuable tool for conducting industrial-scale scientific research on BSFL, bridging the gap between laboratory studies and real-world applications.
{"title":"Bridging lab and industry: The impact of a bio-conversion unit on black soldier fly larvae production and microbiome dynamics","authors":"William J. S. Edwards, Chloe Skingle, Richard Small, Robert Barker, Anastasios D. Tsaousis","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates the viability of a novel bio-conversion unit (BCU) for extensive black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) production as a sustainable feed additive for livestock. The BCU's effectiveness in converting organic byproducts into valuable biomass via the production of BSFL was assessed to reduce reliance on environmentally taxing feed sources like soy and fishmeal. Additionally, the BCU was tested for its ability to replicate small-scale BSFL experiments in a realistic industrial environment while facilitating simultaneous testing of multiple feeding substrates for BSFL. BSFLs were reared in the BCU on various low-bioburden commercial byproducts, and their yield, macronutrient and micronutrient profiles were compared to those of larvae raised on a nutritionally balanced diet. High-throughput amplicon sequencing was used to investigate the impact of different diets on the BSFL gut microbiome, replicating laboratory findings on an industrial scale.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Larvae reared on low-bioburden substrate in the BCU demonstrated comparable or improved protein and fat content compared to those reared on animal feed, with consistently high yields across all byproduct substrates. Micronutrient analysis revealed elevated calcium levels (compared to the literature), among other essential elements, in the byproduct-fed larvae, further supporting their potential as a nutritious livestock feed additive. Microbiome analysis confirmed a stable core microbiome across all conditions, with some genera emerging as dominant at the industrial scale, highlighting the importance of larger-scale replication for accurate microbiome research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this pilot study, the BCU proves to be a reliable and efficient system for broad BSFL production, converting organic byproducts into high-quality biomass suitable for animal feed. Its controlled environment and scalability make it a valuable tool for conducting industrial-scale scientific research on BSFL, bridging the gap between laboratory studies and real-world applications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 7","pages":"304-314"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the changes in total sugar, starch, crude protein, and crude fat content in three quinoa cultivars—Tianma HX, Qingli NO.12, and Qingli NO.9—across various inflorescence types and ripening stages during the filling phase. Additionally, the relationships between nutrient content and filling characteristic parameters, filling days, and grain weight were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine alterations in the shape, quantity, and size of starch grains and proteins throughout the filling period, aiming to elucidate the patterns of nutrient accumulation in quinoa grains.
Results
(1) The nutrient content in the grains of the tested quinoa varieties increased progressively with the number of days post-flowering. However, a decline in crude protein content was observed during the late stage of grain filling. (2) Key parameters influencing nutrient accumulation included the starting potential, filling rate, and active filling time. An extremely positive correlation was found between nutrient content and both filling duration and grain dry weight. (3) SEM analysis revealed that both the quantity and size of starch grains and proteins increased as filling progressed. Starch grains exhibited a polyhedral shape with an approximate diameter of 15 μm, while proteins were observed as filamentous or irregularly branched structures, located between or attached to starch grains. (4) Variations in grain nutrient content among different parts of the same variety and those among different varieties were compared. Early-maturing varieties exhibited higher levels of starch and crude protein, suggesting better overall quality. Additionally, grain nutrient content decreased sequentially from the top to the end of the main panicle within the same variety. (5) Results from principal component analysis indicated that quinoa grains harvested 35–42 days after flowering had superior quality and yield. Among the tested cultivars, Qingli NO.12 demonstrated the most favorable comprehensive performance.
Conclusions
Based on growth period, grain weight, and quality considerations, it is recommended to cultivate quinoa varieties with panicles and medium- to late-maturity in practical production settings.
{"title":"Analysis of grain nutrient accumulation and filling characteristics across quinoa varieties with different inflorescence types on the Qinghai plateau","authors":"Zhu Li-Li, Chen Zhi-Guo","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70006","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated the changes in total sugar, starch, crude protein, and crude fat content in three quinoa cultivars—Tianma HX, Qingli NO.12, and Qingli NO.9—across various inflorescence types and ripening stages during the filling phase. Additionally, the relationships between nutrient content and filling characteristic parameters, filling days, and grain weight were analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine alterations in the shape, quantity, and size of starch grains and proteins throughout the filling period, aiming to elucidate the patterns of nutrient accumulation in quinoa grains.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>(1) The nutrient content in the grains of the tested quinoa varieties increased progressively with the number of days post-flowering. However, a decline in crude protein content was observed during the late stage of grain filling. (2) Key parameters influencing nutrient accumulation included the starting potential, filling rate, and active filling time. An extremely positive correlation was found between nutrient content and both filling duration and grain dry weight. (3) SEM analysis revealed that both the quantity and size of starch grains and proteins increased as filling progressed. Starch grains exhibited a polyhedral shape with an approximate diameter of 15 μm, while proteins were observed as filamentous or irregularly branched structures, located between or attached to starch grains. (4) Variations in grain nutrient content among different parts of the same variety and those among different varieties were compared. Early-maturing varieties exhibited higher levels of starch and crude protein, suggesting better overall quality. Additionally, grain nutrient content decreased sequentially from the top to the end of the main panicle within the same variety. (5) Results from principal component analysis indicated that quinoa grains harvested 35–42 days after flowering had superior quality and yield. Among the tested cultivars, Qingli NO.12 demonstrated the most favorable comprehensive performance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on growth period, grain weight, and quality considerations, it is recommended to cultivate quinoa varieties with panicles and medium- to late-maturity in practical production settings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 6","pages":"247-265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zeus Mateos-Fierro, Michael P. D. Garratt, Michelle T. Fountain, Kate Ashbrook, Duncan B. Westbury
Background
Pollinators provide an essential ecosystem service to many crops, including sweet cherry (Prunus avium), which can be quantified in terms of fruit number and/or quality. Most studies in sweet cherry have explored the extent to which fruit set relies on pollinators but have neglected pollinators' contribution to fruit quality. We investigated the impact of pollinators on fruit set (2018–2019) and fruit quality (2017–2019). In 10 commercial sweet cherry orchards under polytunnels, we conducted insect-exclusion experiments comparing insect-excluded blossoms (mesh-bagged blossoms) to blossoms exposed to floral visitors (open blossoms). We then investigated relationships between fruit set and fruit quality.
Results
Pollinators were key to underpinning commercial fruit set (15.4% fruit set from open blossoms compared to 1.1% with bagged blossoms), equivalent to a contribution of 92.8%. Pollinators were also essential to achieving higher cherry fruit quality. With open blossoms, fresh mass, width, dry matter, and flesh/pit ratio of cherries increased by 19.8%, 7.9%, 19.8%, and 10.5%, respectively, compared to cherries from bagged blossoms. In contrast, firmness was similar between both pollination treatments. We did not find a significant relationship between fruit set and quality, suggesting trees did not carry an excessive fruit burden.
Conclusion
Our results highlight the importance of pollinators, not only for underpinning commercial yields in terms of fruit set, but also for higher fruit quality. We recommend growers adopt effective pollinator management practices to help underpin commercially viable yields consisting of fruit with a higher marketable potential.
{"title":"Contribution of pollinators to delivering fruit quality in commercial sweet cherry orchards","authors":"Zeus Mateos-Fierro, Michael P. D. Garratt, Michelle T. Fountain, Kate Ashbrook, Duncan B. Westbury","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70012","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pollinators provide an essential ecosystem service to many crops, including sweet cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i>), which can be quantified in terms of fruit number and/or quality. Most studies in sweet cherry have explored the extent to which fruit set relies on pollinators but have neglected pollinators' contribution to fruit quality. We investigated the impact of pollinators on fruit set (2018–2019) and fruit quality (2017–2019). In 10 commercial sweet cherry orchards under polytunnels, we conducted insect-exclusion experiments comparing insect-excluded blossoms (mesh-bagged blossoms) to blossoms exposed to floral visitors (open blossoms). We then investigated relationships between fruit set and fruit quality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pollinators were key to underpinning commercial fruit set (15.4% fruit set from open blossoms compared to 1.1% with bagged blossoms), equivalent to a contribution of 92.8%. Pollinators were also essential to achieving higher cherry fruit quality. With open blossoms, fresh mass, width, dry matter, and flesh/pit ratio of cherries increased by 19.8%, 7.9%, 19.8%, and 10.5%, respectively, compared to cherries from bagged blossoms. In contrast, firmness was similar between both pollination treatments. We did not find a significant relationship between fruit set and quality, suggesting trees did not carry an excessive fruit burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results highlight the importance of pollinators, not only for underpinning commercial yields in terms of fruit set, but also for higher fruit quality. We recommend growers adopt effective pollinator management practices to help underpin commercially viable yields consisting of fruit with a higher marketable potential.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 8","pages":"330-336"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://scijournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is a freshwater fish with an aquaculture industry widely distributed throughout the world, whose diet is based on fish meal (marine origin), with serious sustainability problems associated with the sector. The objective of the study was the inclusion of other flours as a protein source (insect and vegetable) to replace conventional diet for O. mykiss hatchlings. Feed with different protein contents (35%, 40%, and 45%) was used, therefore, with an insect meal content of 38%, 45%, and 53%, respectively, in order to maintain an isoenergetic balance. The quality analysis of the feed used was based on a proximal and amino acid analysis of the meals. For the evaluation of the alternative feed, 150 O. mykiss fry were used for 90 days, considering the increase in size (standard length) and weight every 15 days. The feed intake was 8% of the animal biomass, rationed four times a day. In order to analyze the quality of the fish fillets, 20 fish fed with each alternative feed were kept for a further 60 days.
Results
The substitution of fish meal by vegetable and insect meal allowed the biochemical profile that the conventional feed contains to feed O. mykiss hatchlings to be met. It was shown that, during the first 6 weeks, all alternative feeds and the conventional feed resulted in similar sizes and weights in the pups. However, at the end of the study (at 3 months), the conventional feed reported larger fish sizes and weights than the alternative feeds. On the other hand, these differences in growth did not impact the quality of the fillet for consumers.
Conclusion
The development of an alternative feed with 75% of other ingredients (fishmeal, chilacayota, corn and Tenebrio) was a feed with 35%–45% protein, necessary for the trout hatchlings to grow and produce a quality fillet. The study showed that reducing the consumption of conventional feed favors production costs for aquaculture centers, whose mission is to produce hatchlings and keep them for up to 2 months to be offered to fattening farms and promote sustainable production.
{"title":"Development of alternative feed with seed and insect meal for sustainable production of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and quality fillets","authors":"Araceli Cortes-García, Beatriz Schettino-Bermúdez, Jorge Poveda","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) is a freshwater fish with an aquaculture industry widely distributed throughout the world, whose diet is based on fish meal (marine origin), with serious sustainability problems associated with the sector. The objective of the study was the inclusion of other flours as a protein source (insect and vegetable) to replace conventional diet for <i>O. mykiss</i> hatchlings. Feed with different protein contents (35%, 40%, and 45%) was used, therefore, with an insect meal content of 38%, 45%, and 53%, respectively, in order to maintain an isoenergetic balance. The quality analysis of the feed used was based on a proximal and amino acid analysis of the meals. For the evaluation of the alternative feed, 150 <i>O</i>. <i>mykiss</i> fry were used for 90 days, considering the increase in size (standard length) and weight every 15 days. The feed intake was 8% of the animal biomass, rationed four times a day. In order to analyze the quality of the fish fillets, 20 fish fed with each alternative feed were kept for a further 60 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The substitution of fish meal by vegetable and insect meal allowed the biochemical profile that the conventional feed contains to feed <i>O. mykiss</i> hatchlings to be met. It was shown that, during the first 6 weeks, all alternative feeds and the conventional feed resulted in similar sizes and weights in the pups. However, at the end of the study (at 3 months), the conventional feed reported larger fish sizes and weights than the alternative feeds. On the other hand, these differences in growth did not impact the quality of the fillet for consumers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The development of an alternative feed with 75% of other ingredients (fishmeal, chilacayota, corn and Tenebrio) was a feed with 35%–45% protein, necessary for the trout hatchlings to grow and produce a quality fillet. The study showed that reducing the consumption of conventional feed favors production costs for aquaculture centers, whose mission is to produce hatchlings and keep them for up to 2 months to be offered to fattening farms and promote sustainable production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 7","pages":"294-303"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a bid to lower the oil uptake and moisture content of plantain chips during deep fat frying, plantain chips prior to frying were pretreated in ultrasound with distilled water (UP), freeze-drying (FP), and ultrasound-assisted freeze-drying (UFP). Ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz, power of 600 W, and time of 10 min were used for the UP. Freeze-drying was done at a temperature of −34°C and pressure of 45 Pa for 16 h. The pretreated and untreated samples were subjected to frying at a temperature of 160°C for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min.
Results
The lowest moisture content and oil uptake were obtained in FP and UFP fried samples. The percentage oil reduction for FP and UFP fried samples at frying time of 10 min was 73.91% and 74.01%, respectively, compared with the untreated. The effective moisture diffusivity obtained in this work ranged from 4.89 × 10−9 to 5.54 × 10−9 m2 s−1. The sensory results showed that FP and UFP fried samples were significantly preferred by the panelists compared to the UP and untreated fried samples. However, UFP had a negative effect on the color quality of the fried plantain chips.
Conclusion
This work therefore showed that ultrasound-freeze-drying pretreatment is a novel technique that can significantly reduce the moisture content and oil uptake of plantain chips during frying, thus promoting healthy and safe consumption of fried plantain chips. Furthermore, the information on frying kinetics obtained from this work would be useful in the design and control of an efficient frying system in the food industry.
{"title":"Impacts of combined ultrasound and freeze-drying pretreatments on the frying quality of plantain chips during deep fat frying","authors":"Ayobami Olayemi Oladejo, Utitofon Emmanuel Ekott, Jonah Joy Ogaene, Enimobong Solomon Udoka","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In a bid to lower the oil uptake and moisture content of plantain chips during deep fat frying, plantain chips prior to frying were pretreated in ultrasound with distilled water (UP), freeze-drying (FP), and ultrasound-assisted freeze-drying (UFP). Ultrasound frequency of 20 kHz, power of 600 W, and time of 10 min were used for the UP. Freeze-drying was done at a temperature of −34°C and pressure of 45 Pa for 16 h. The pretreated and untreated samples were subjected to frying at a temperature of 160°C for 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The lowest moisture content and oil uptake were obtained in FP and UFP fried samples. The percentage oil reduction for FP and UFP fried samples at frying time of 10 min was 73.91% and 74.01%, respectively, compared with the untreated. The effective moisture diffusivity obtained in this work ranged from 4.89 × 10<sup>−9</sup> to 5.54 × 10<sup>−9</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>. The sensory results showed that FP and UFP fried samples were significantly preferred by the panelists compared to the UP and untreated fried samples. However, UFP had a negative effect on the color quality of the fried plantain chips.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work therefore showed that ultrasound-freeze-drying pretreatment is a novel technique that can significantly reduce the moisture content and oil uptake of plantain chips during frying, thus promoting healthy and safe consumption of fried plantain chips. Furthermore, the information on frying kinetics obtained from this work would be useful in the design and control of an efficient frying system in the food industry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 6","pages":"278-289"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppe Falcone, Mariangela Mazzone, Stefania Cesa, Francesco Cairone, Simone Carradori, Francesco Cellini, Annalisa Chiavaroli, Giustino Orlando, Maria Loreta Libero, Vittoria Perrotti, Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio, Gabriella Mincione
Background
Vaccinium corymbosum berries represent a source of anthocyanins and polyphenols studied and tested for their healthy potential. The present study was aimed at isolating, characterizing, and quantifying the anthocyanin-enriched fraction obtained from blueberry and at assessing its biological and protective effects against head and neck cell lines and under inflammatory-related conditions. V. corymbosum berries extract was subjected to colorimetric analysis, antioxidant evaluation, and HPLC-DAD analysis. This extract was characterized by chlorogenic acid and 12 glycosylated anthocyanins, being the most abundant delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside, malvidin-3-O-galactoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-arabinoside. The blueberry extract (BL) was further used in extensive biological evaluation. Head and neck cell lines, namely CAL27 and A253, were treated at different concentrations in order to evaluate cell migration ability and ErbB receptors and antioxidant enzymes gene expression.
Results
The gene expression analysis highlighted the capability of BL to reduce ErbB receptors expression in CAL27 cell lines. The same treatments induced an opposite effect in A253 cell line for ErbB2/ErbB3 receptors. Moreover, in A253 cell line, BL increased SOD2 levels and reduced cell migration. The action of BL was also studied in an ex vivo experimental model of colon inflammation and was effective both in reducing the lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression of different proinflammatory biomarkers involved in colon inflammation, among which tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, and in stimulating the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.
Conclusion
The content of specific anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid can be considered responsible of such biological activities providing a new food supplement as coadjuvant of standard therapies.
蓝莓是花青素和多酚的一种来源，对其健康潜力进行了研究和测试。本研究旨在分离、表征和定量从蓝莓中获得的富含花青素的部分，并评估其对头颈部细胞系和炎症相关条件下的生物学和保护作用。采用比色分析、抗氧化评价和HPLC-DAD分析。该提取物的主要成分为绿原酸和12种糖基化花青素，其中丰度最高的为3- o -半乳糖苷、3- o -阿拉伯糖苷、3- o -半乳糖苷、3- o -葡糖苷和3- o -阿拉伯糖苷。蓝莓提取物（BL）进一步广泛应用于生物学评价。采用不同浓度处理头颈部细胞系CAL27和A253，观察细胞迁移能力及ErbB受体和抗氧化酶基因表达。结果在CAL27细胞系中，基因表达分析显示了BL对ErbB受体表达的抑制作用。同样的处理在A253细胞系中对ErbB2/ErbB3受体产生相反的作用。此外，在A253细胞系中，BL增加了SOD2水平，减少了细胞迁移。在离体结肠炎症实验模型中研究了BL的作用，发现它既能降低脂多糖诱导的结肠炎症相关的不同促炎生物标志物（如肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素(IL)-6）的基因表达，又能刺激抗炎细胞因子IL-10的基因表达。结论特定花青素和绿原酸的含量可被认为与这些生物活性有关，为标准治疗提供了一种新的辅助食品补充剂。
{"title":"The anthocyanin-enriched extract of Vaccinium corymbosum exerted in vitro and ex vivo antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities","authors":"Giuseppe Falcone, Mariangela Mazzone, Stefania Cesa, Francesco Cairone, Simone Carradori, Francesco Cellini, Annalisa Chiavaroli, Giustino Orlando, Maria Loreta Libero, Vittoria Perrotti, Maria Carmela Di Marcantonio, Gabriella Mincione","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.230","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.230","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Vaccinium corymbosum</i> berries represent a source of anthocyanins and polyphenols studied and tested for their healthy potential. The present study was aimed at isolating, characterizing, and quantifying the anthocyanin-enriched fraction obtained from blueberry and at assessing its biological and protective effects against head and neck cell lines and under inflammatory-related conditions. <i>V. corymbosum</i> berries extract was subjected to colorimetric analysis, antioxidant evaluation, and HPLC-DAD analysis. This extract was characterized by chlorogenic acid and 12 glycosylated anthocyanins, being the most abundant delphinidin-3-O-galactoside, delphinidin-3-O-arabinoside, malvidin-3-O-galactoside, malvidin-3-O-glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-arabinoside. The blueberry extract (BL) was further used in extensive biological evaluation. Head and neck cell lines, namely CAL27 and A253, were treated at different concentrations in order to evaluate cell migration ability and ErbB receptors and antioxidant enzymes gene expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The gene expression analysis highlighted the capability of BL to reduce ErbB receptors expression in CAL27 cell lines. The same treatments induced an opposite effect in A253 cell line for ErbB2/ErbB3 receptors. Moreover, in A253 cell line, BL increased SOD2 levels and reduced cell migration. The action of BL was also studied in an <i>ex vivo</i> experimental model of colon inflammation and was effective both in reducing the lipopolysaccharide-induced gene expression of different proinflammatory biomarkers involved in colon inflammation, among which tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin (IL)-6, and in stimulating the gene expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The content of specific anthocyanins and chlorogenic acid can be considered responsible of such biological activities providing a new food supplement as coadjuvant of standard therapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 5","pages":"199-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.230","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahshid Rashidi, Masoud Sadeghi-Dinani, Mohammad Rabbani
Objective
The present study investigates the hypnotic action of the methanolic partition of Albizia julibrissin (MPAJ) and various partitions (total, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) of Melissa officinalis (MO) in mice.
Methods
Pentobarbital-induced sleep (PIS) time prolongation was used to assess the hypnotic action of test compounds. For the tolerance study, MO and MPAJ were given alone or in combination for 7 days, and then the locomotor activity of the mice was measured as an index of tolerance. Mortality of the herbal extracts was studied after intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral administration in mice.
Results
Separate administration of total extracts of Melissa officinalis and methanolic extract of Albizia julibrissin at 12.5 mg/kg significantly increased the PIS time. In the combination of two plants, there was no additional or synergistic increase in sleepiness when compared to the separate administration of each plant (p < 0.05). In contrast to diazepam, the locomotor activity of the animals was not significantly altered after 7 days of injection with MPAJ or total extract of MO (TEMO), or their combinations.
Conclusion
Separate administration of TEMO and MPAJ provides significant hypnotic effects. The combination of two extracts, however, does not result in synergistic or additive hypnotic action. The lack of additive effects could be due to possible interaction by components of the two plants. The increase in mortality rate and undesirable reactions observed after i.p. administration of MPAJ is probably due to the absorption of certain toxic compounds that are not normally absorbed after oral administration.
{"title":"Lack of tolerance to the separate or combined hypnotic actions of different partitions of Melissa officinalis (total, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) and methanolic partition of Albizia julibrissin","authors":"Mahshid Rashidi, Masoud Sadeghi-Dinani, Mohammad Rabbani","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study investigates the hypnotic action of the methanolic partition of <i>Albizia julibrissin</i> (MPAJ) and various partitions (total, ethyl acetate, and aqueous) of <i>Melissa officinalis</i> (MO) in mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pentobarbital-induced sleep (PIS) time prolongation was used to assess the hypnotic action of test compounds. For the tolerance study, MO and MPAJ were given alone or in combination for 7 days, and then the locomotor activity of the mice was measured as an index of tolerance. Mortality of the herbal extracts was studied after intraperitoneal (i.p.) and oral administration in mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Separate administration of total extracts of <i>Melissa officinalis</i> and methanolic extract of <i>Albizia julibrissin</i> at 12.5 mg/kg significantly increased the PIS time. In the combination of two plants, there was no additional or synergistic increase in sleepiness when compared to the separate administration of each plant (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In contrast to diazepam, the locomotor activity of the animals was not significantly altered after 7 days of injection with MPAJ or total extract of MO (TEMO), or their combinations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Separate administration of TEMO and MPAJ provides significant hypnotic effects. The combination of two extracts, however, does not result in synergistic or additive hypnotic action. The lack of additive effects could be due to possible interaction by components of the two plants. The increase in mortality rate and undesirable reactions observed after i.p. administration of MPAJ is probably due to the absorption of certain toxic compounds that are not normally absorbed after oral administration.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 5","pages":"222-230"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kristine Anne A. Ladines, Cynthia Grace C. Gregorio
Lambanog is a popular traditional alcoholic beverage in the Philippines. It plays an important role in special festivities and events, particularly in rural communities. Lambanog is a transparent white liquor made from fermented coconut flower sap. While lambanog has been consumed for many generations, the lambanog industry has failed to take off and compete in both domestic and international markets. Recent methanol (MeOH) adulteration issues have been a severe setback for the industry. The industry is also concerned about the lack of good and standardized production processes in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Because quality and safety issues are inherent elements of product definition, the lack of methods for MSMEs to define, validate, and test their lambanog makes it exceedingly difficult for the industry to become competitive. Due to the prevalence of methanol poisoning around the world, particularly in the Philippines, where there is unregistered and bootleg lambanog manufacture, this study was created to review existing methods for the determination of methanol. This includes colorimetric, spectroscopic, chromatographic, biochemical, electrochemical, assay-based, refractometer-based, and novel methods of detection of MeOH. This review aims to identify the most effective method for MeOH determination that can be translated into a paper-based device that can be potentially used by MSMEs in the country.
{"title":"Finding MeOH: A literature review on methods for the determination of methanol in Lambanog and alcoholic beverages","authors":"Kristine Anne A. Ladines, Cynthia Grace C. Gregorio","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.229","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><i>Lambanog</i> is a popular traditional alcoholic beverage in the Philippines. It plays an important role in special festivities and events, particularly in rural communities. <i>Lambanog</i> is a transparent white liquor made from fermented coconut flower sap. While <i>lambanog</i> has been consumed for many generations, the <i>lambanog</i> industry has failed to take off and compete in both domestic and international markets. Recent methanol (MeOH) adulteration issues have been a severe setback for the industry. The industry is also concerned about the lack of good and standardized production processes in micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). Because quality and safety issues are inherent elements of product definition, the lack of methods for MSMEs to define, validate, and test their <i>lambanog</i> makes it exceedingly difficult for the industry to become competitive. Due to the prevalence of methanol poisoning around the world, particularly in the Philippines, where there is unregistered and bootleg <i>lambanog</i> manufacture, this study was created to review existing methods for the determination of methanol. This includes colorimetric, spectroscopic, chromatographic, biochemical, electrochemical, assay-based, refractometer-based, and novel methods of detection of MeOH. This review aims to identify the most effective method for MeOH determination that can be translated into a paper-based device that can be potentially used by MSMEs in the country.</p>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"5 5","pages":"190-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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