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Inventory of Loranthaceae parasites of Bayangam fruit trees in West Cameroon 喀麦隆西部巴扬加姆果树上的罗兰科寄生虫清单

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-06-25 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.209

Gilles Jiope Azangue, Bonaventure Sonke, Wauffo Fokom David

Background

Loranthaceae parasitism is a limiting factor for crops as well as many other plant diseases and pests. The present study was conducted to make an inventory of Loranthaceae present on fruit trees species grown in the Bayangam locality. It also aimed to record the damage caused by these pests on the host plants. To achieve this, 40 transects of 100 m length and 50 m width were set up in the locality of Bayangam. Observations were made on the presence or absence of the parasites on the host plants, the number of Loranthaceae clumps carried by each parasitized tree, the taxon of the parasite, and the damage caused by the Loranthaceae on the host plants.

Results

The inventories identified six species of Loranthaceae belonging to four genera. These were Globimetula braunii, Globimetula dinklagei, Globimetula oreophila, Helixanthera mannii, Phragmanthera capitata, and Tapinanthus globiferus. Parasite densities varied among species and increased with the circumference of host plants. Globimetula braunii and Phragmanthera capitata were the most invasive species on host plants.

Conclusion

Fruit trees in Bayangam are largely parasitized by Loranthaceae. The only control method used by the populations is pruning of parasitized branches during drought periods. This method is not effective because of the large number of trees and branches parasitized. The identification of Loranthaceae-resistant cultivars in fruit tree production is an interesting element in the perspective of control.

背景罗兰科寄生植物是农作物以及许多其他植物病虫害的限制因素。本研究旨在清点巴扬加姆（Bayangam）地区种植的果树上的寄生虫。研究还旨在记录这些害虫对寄主植物造成的损害。为此，在巴扬加姆地区设置了 40 个长 100 米、宽 50 米的横断面。观察内容包括寄主植物上是否存在寄生虫、每棵被寄生树木所携带的罗汉松丛数、寄生虫的分类群以及罗汉松对寄主植物造成的损害。结果在清查中发现了属于 4 个属的 6 种罗兰科植物。它们是 Globimetula braunii、Globimetula dinklagei、Globimetula oreophila、Helixanthera mannii、Phragmanthera capitata 和 Tapinanthus globiferus。寄生虫的密度因物种而异，并随寄主植物的周长而增加。Globimetula braunii 和 Phragmanthera capitata 是对寄主植物侵害最大的物种。结论巴扬加姆的果树主要寄生于罗兰科植物。当地居民采用的唯一控制方法是在干旱期间修剪寄生枝条。由于被寄生的树木和树枝数量庞大，这种方法并不有效。从控制的角度来看，在果树生产中确定抗罗兰科植物的栽培品种是一个有意义的因素。

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引用次数: 0

Casein-based nanocarriers for encapsulation of propolis extract: Design, fabrication, and characterization 用于封装蜂胶提取物的酪蛋白基纳米载体：设计、制造和表征

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.205

Javad Feizy, Mansooreh Soleimanifard, Francesca Maestrelli

Background

Propolis exhibits multiple biological and pharmacological properties attributed to the presence of natural bio active compounds. In spite of its potential healthy effects, its use in health-food and pharmaceutical products is very restricted due to its intense aroma, highly unstable, low aqueous solubility, and low bioavailability. The purpose of this study is to fabricate an appropriate, stable, and biodegradable casein-based nanocarrier as propolis delivery system. Propolis-loaded casein nanocarriers were prepared at different propolis extract/caseinate ratio and assessed for physicochemical, structural, and thermal properties.

Results

The nanocarriers showed an increase of particle size augmenting propolis extract/caseinate ratio and caseinate concentration. Image processing studies revealed an increase in L* parameter (89.743), while b* parameter revealed a reduction in the yellow color (14.655) increasing the amount propolis extract in the nanocarrier. Surface photomicrographs evidenced that an increment of propolis extract decreased the network compactness of the nanocarriers correlated with the lower entrapment of propolis extract into carriers at higher propolis extract/caseinate ratio. X-ray diffraction pattern suggested that propolis encapsulation produced a decrement in the caseinate crystallinity while differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis thermograms evidenced an increment of thermal stability of nanocarrier with increasing propolis extract content.

Conclusion

Propolis extract encapsulated within casein nanocarriers represented convenient physicochemical attributes and could provide as bioactive load in food/medical system.

背景蜂胶因含有天然生物活性化合物而具有多种生物和药理特性。尽管蜂胶具有潜在的健康功效，但由于其香气浓郁、极不稳定、水溶性低和生物利用度低等特点，其在保健食品和药品中的应用非常有限。本研究的目的是制造一种合适、稳定和可生物降解的酪蛋白基纳米载体，作为蜂胶的输送系统。研究人员以不同的蜂胶提取物/酪蛋白比例制备了蜂胶负载酪蛋白纳米载体，并对其理化、结构和热性能进行了评估。结果纳米载体的粒径随着蜂胶提取物/酪蛋白比率和酪蛋白浓度的增加而增大。图像处理研究显示，随着纳米载体中蜂胶提取物含量的增加，L*参数（89.743）增加，而b*参数显示黄色减少（14.655）。表面显微照片表明，蜂胶提取物的增加会降低纳米载体的网络紧密度，这与蜂胶提取物/酪蛋白比率越高，载体中蜂胶提取物的包埋量越低有关。X 射线衍射图表明，蜂胶封装会降低酪蛋白的结晶度，而差示扫描量热法和热重/差热分析热图则证明，随着蜂胶提取物含量的增加，纳米载体的热稳定性也会增加。结论封装在酪蛋白纳米载体中的蜂胶提取物具有方便的理化特性，可作为生物活性载荷用于食品/医疗系统。

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引用次数: 0

Comparison of the bioactive properties, tocopherol and phenolic components of germinated, roasted, and boiled chufa (Cyperus esculentus) tubers 比较发芽、焙烤和煮沸的菊花（Cyperus esculentus）块茎的生物活性特性、生育酚和酚类成分

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.207

Mehmet Musa Özcan, Havvanur Yılmaz

Background

Chufa flour can be used as a supplement to cereal flour to increase its calcium content. Many studies have shown that chufa tubers have high nutritional value.

Results

The carotenoid contents of the tubers ranged from 0.270 (roasting) to 1.897 μg/g (germination). The total flavonoid contents of chufa tuber were recorded between 4.60 and 17.93 mg CE/100 g. According to the results obtained, oil yield was determined between 12.55% (germination) and 18.05% (roasting). The protein content of the chufa tuber was found to be 16.60% in the germinated sample with the highest value. Potassium (3792.67–8384.85), sulfur (975.74–1804.01), phosphorus (944.08–1256.78), and magnesium (504.45–672.82 ppm) are the main inorganic components of ash in the samples examined. The highest carotenoid content in the oil was observed in the germinated sample with 7084.10 μg/g, total phenol content 9.44 mgGAE/100 g, total flavonoid content 561.10 mg CE/100 g, and antioxidant activity value 32.39%. It was determined that oleic acid (70.95%–73.47%) was the dominant fatty acid. The results of tocopherol content of chufa tuber oil belong to the highest α-tocopherol by boiling (8.91 mg/kg), roasting (9.07 mg/kg), and germinating (9.64 mg/kg).

Conclusion

According to the results of the study, the germination process applied to the chufa tuber increased the protein and macro mineral content. The germination process applied to the chufa tuber increased the content of unsaturated fatty acids and tocopherol. Chufa tuber oil contains highly unsaturated fatty acids, vitamin E and phenolic compounds. Due to its nutritional quality, chufa oil is recommended for consumption and industrial use.

背景楚法面粉可作为谷物面粉的补充，以增加其钙含量。许多研究表明，楚法块茎具有很高的营养价值。结果块茎的类胡萝卜素含量从 0.270 微克/克（烘焙）到 1.897 微克/克（发芽）不等。楚法块茎的总黄酮含量介于 4.60 至 17.93 毫克 CE/100 克之间。根据所获得的结果，油产量在 12.55%（发芽）和 18.05%（烘烤）之间。在发芽的样本中，楚法块茎的蛋白质含量最高，达到 16.60%。钾（3792.67-8384.85）、硫（975.74-1804.01）、磷（944.08-1256.78）和镁（504.45-672.82 ppm）是检测样本灰分中的主要无机成分。油中胡萝卜素含量最高的是发芽样品，为 7084.10 μg/g，总酚含量为 9.44 mgGAE/100 g，总黄酮含量为 561.10 mg CE/100 g，抗氧化活性值为 32.39%。经测定，油酸（70.95%-73.47%）是主要脂肪酸。楚法块茎油的生育酚含量结果显示，α-生育酚含量最高的是煮沸法（8.91 毫克/千克）、烘焙法（9.07 毫克/千克）和发芽法（9.64 毫克/千克）。结论根据研究结果，对胡麻块茎进行发芽处理可增加蛋白质和大分子矿物质的含量。对朱法块茎进行发芽处理可增加不饱和脂肪酸和生育酚的含量。楚法块茎油含有高度不饱和脂肪酸、维生素 E 和酚类化合物。由于楚法油营养丰富，建议用于食用和工业用途。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of biogas production and bacterial load from co-digestion of chicken manure with different types of household waste 评估鸡粪与不同类型生活垃圾共同消化产生的沼气和细菌量

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-05-27 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.206

Mohammad Enamul Haque, Roman Ryndin, Heinz-Peter Mang, Humayun Kabir, Mohammad Alimul Islam

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate the biogas production of chicken manure (CM) co-digestion with different types of household waste (soft organic [SO] and food waste [FW]), as well as to evaluate the bacterial load of feeding stock and digested slurry samples before and after anaerobic digestion (AD). The experiment was carried out using lab-based prototype digesters for co-digestion of CM with different household wastes (5%). Three experimental groups (T1, T2, and T3) were designed using mixing ratios of SO:CM:H₂O:inoculum (5:22.5:22.5:50), FW:CM:H₂O:inoculum (5:22.5:22.5:50), and (SO + FW):CM:H₂O:inoculum (2.5 + 2.5:22.5:22.5:50). The digesters were set at 28–34°C for 30 days for hydraulic retention time (HRT). Total viable count (TVC), Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. counts were determined using the spread plate technique.

Results

The study revealed that the highest average cumulative biogas yield was achieved from T1 > T3 > T2, but the concentration of CH₄ was found in T3 > T2 > T1. The biogas production between the three groups was statistically nonsignificant (p > 0.05) but the daily concentration of CH₄ was found statistically significant (p < 0.05). The average concentration of CH₄ and CO₂ in biogas was found to be 30% and 68% for T1, 60% and 37% for T2, and 69% and 27% for T3. However, the H₂S content was within the acceptable range. The bacterial load was decreased by 2–3 logs before and after AD, and this reduction was statistically significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The research found that the co-digestion of CM with combined household wastes increased the methane concentration in biogas.

背景本研究旨在评估鸡粪（CM）与不同类型的生活垃圾（软有机物 [SO] 和厨余 [FW]）共同消化产生的沼气，以及评估厌氧消化（AD）前后饲养料和消化浆样品的细菌负荷。实验使用实验室原型消化器进行，用于共同消化中药和不同的生活垃圾（5%）。设计了三个实验组（T1、T2 和 T3），混合比例分别为 SO:CM:H2O:接种物（5:22.5:22.5:50）、FW:CM:H2O:接种物（5:22.5:22.5:50）和（SO + FW）:CM:H2O:接种物（2.5 + 2.5:22.5:22.5:50 ）。沼气池在 28-34°C 的温度下设置 30 天的水力停留时间（HRT）。采用平板技术测定了总存活数（TVC）、大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的数量。结果研究表明，T1 > T3 > T2 的平均累积沼气产量最高，但 T3 > T2 > T1 的 CH4 浓度最高。三组之间的沼气产量差异无统计学意义（p >0.05），但 CH4 的日浓度差异有统计学意义（p <0.05）。T1 组沼气中 CH4 和 CO2 的平均浓度分别为 30% 和 68%，T2 组分别为 60% 和 37%，T3 组分别为 69% 和 27%。不过，H2S 含量在可接受范围内。在厌氧消化前后，细菌量减少了 2-3 个对数，而且这种减少具有显著的统计学意义（p < 0.05）。结论研究发现，中药与综合生活垃圾共同消化可提高沼气中的甲烷浓度。

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引用次数: 0

Regenerative agriculture: The science, economics and practice 再生农业：科学、经济和实践

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-25 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.191

Lucy Wright

引用次数: 0

Differential QTL underlie wheat grain physical quality when measured using image-based versus traditional laboratory methods 使用基于图像的方法和传统实验室方法测量小麦谷粒物理品质时，不同的 QTL 是小麦谷粒物理品质的基础

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.192

Livinus Emebiri, Shane Hildebrand

Background

The marketing value of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is determined, in parts, by the grain's physical characteristics, owing to which they directly (or indirectly) influence milling performance and baking quality. These characteristics have been manually measured in the past, but now, digital image analysis (DIA) is being increasingly used to replace the slow phenotyping system. Here, we asked whether this could lead to the identification of the same or different genes when compared to the traditional phenotyping methods.

Results

We measured grain physical quality on 142 wheat doubled haploids grown in the field over 2 years, and in using the quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping approach we found that (1) for wheat grain weight, the use of DIA provided genetic information that mostly conformed to those obtained using the traditional phenotyping methods, with heritability estimates that were identical across both methods. Majority of the QTL detected were consistent between the traditional versus digital phenotyping methods; (2) a more complex architecture, however, arose from QTL analyses of hectoliter mass (HLM) and percentage of shriveled grains (SCR). The estimates for heritability varied by as much as 0.24 across methods and, more significantly, many of the detected QTL for both traits were method-specific; (3) though method-specific, identified QTL was mapped to genomic regions known to harbor genes for grain physical traits.

Conclusions

Thousand-grain weight (TGW) is robust to a phenotyping method, but a different genetic system underlies HLM and SCR, when these were measured using traditional versus digital image analysis. For these traits, heritability estimates were larger when phenotyped using traditional methods relative to digital image analysis, suggesting that further refinements are required to better correlate digital image analysis with the traditional phenotyping methods.

小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）的销售价值部分取决于谷物的物理特性，因为它们直接或间接地影响着磨粉性能和烘焙质量。这些特征在过去都是人工测量的，但现在，数字图像分析（DIA）越来越多地被用来取代缓慢的表型系统。我们测量了 142 个在田间生长两年的小麦双倍单倍体的谷粒物理品质，并使用定量性状位点（QTL）绘图方法发现：(1) 对于小麦粒重，使用 DIA 提供的遗传信息与使用传统表型方法获得的遗传信息基本一致，两种方法的遗传率估计值相同。大多数检测到的 QTL 在传统表型方法和数字表型方法之间是一致的；(2) 然而，在百粒重（HLW）和干瘪粒百分比（SCR）的 QTL 分析中出现了更复杂的结构。不同方法的遗传率估计值相差高达 0.24，更重要的是，这两个性状的许多检测到的 QTL 都是方法特异性的；（3）尽管方法特异性，但确定的 QTL 映射到已知含有谷物物理性状基因的基因组区域。对于这些性状，使用传统方法进行表型时，遗传率估计值比数字图像分析大，这表明需要进一步改进数字图像分析，使其与传统表型方法更好地相关联。本文受版权保护。

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引用次数: 0

Total phenolic and flavonoid content of P. armata honey and propolis produced in Bomet, Kisii and Maralal, Kenya 肯尼亚 Bomet、Kisii 和 Maralal 生产的 P. armata 蜂蜜和蜂胶的总酚和类黄酮含量

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-15 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.190

Timothy Mugodo Kegode, Hosea O. Mokaya, Nkoba Kiatoko

Background

Bee products are gaining interest in the field of research due to their biochemical and nutritive properties. Honey bee products have been researched extensively but little has been done in regards to stingless bees. There are many species of stingless bees including Plebeina armata, which are found in the Afrotropics. They are underground nesting and produce honey, propolis, wax, pollen and bee bread. These products are known to be rich in polyphenols that comprise of flavonoids and phenolic. In our study, we analysed colorimetrically the total flavonoid, phenolic content and radical scavenging activity of honey (n = 22) and propolis (n = 25) from Bomet, Kisii and Maralal in Kenya.

Results

Honey and propolis had total flavonoid content of 12.00–22.67 mg QE/100 g and 288.15–944.76 mg QE/100 g while total phenolic content was 87.01–239.93 mg GAE/100 g and 524.14–1225.01 mg GAE/100 g, respectively. In considerations to the regions, Maralal had the highest phenolic and flavanoid content followed by Bomet and Kisii was the least. The same trend was observed in the radical scavenging activity. Except for the total flavonoid content in honey, the difference was significant (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The polyphenol content of both honey and propolis of P. armata are equally affected by geographical location as a result of different vegetation. They are good source of antioxidants, which can be utilized in diet due to their radical scavenging properties.

背景蜜蜂产品因其生化和营养特性而越来越受到研究领域的关注。人们对蜜蜂产品进行了广泛的研究，但对无刺蜜蜂的研究却很少。无刺蜂有许多种类，包括在非洲热带地区发现的Plebeina armata。它们在地下筑巢，生产蜂蜜、蜂胶、蜡、花粉和蜂面包。众所周知，这些产品含有丰富的多酚类物质，其中包括类黄酮和酚类物质。在我们的研究中，我们用比色法分析了来自肯尼亚 Bomet、Kisii 和 Maralal 的蜂蜜（n = 22）和蜂胶（n = 25）的总黄酮、酚含量和自由基清除活性。结果蜂蜜和蜂胶的总黄酮含量分别为 12.00-22.67 毫克 QE/100 克和 288.15-944.76 毫克 QE/100 克，总酚含量分别为 87.01-239.93 毫克 GAE/100 克和 524.14-1225.01 毫克 GAE/100 克。就地区而言，马拉勒的酚和类黄酮含量最高，其次是博梅特，基西最低。在自由基清除活性方面也观察到了同样的趋势。除了蜂蜜中的总黄酮含量外，其他指标差异显著（p < 0.05）。结论由于植被不同，蜂蜜和蜂胶中的多酚含量同样受到地理位置的影响。由于蜂胶具有清除自由基的特性，因此是抗氧化剂的良好来源，可用于饮食中。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of quinoa protein concentration and oil volume fraction on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of alginate-based emulsion gels 藜麦蛋白浓度和油体积分数对藻酸盐乳液凝胶的理化和机械特性的影响

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-04-04 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.189

Nadia Lingiardi, Micaela Galante, Darío Spelzini

Background

This work studies emulsion gel (EG) formulation with quinoa proteins (QP), high-oleic sunflower oil and alginate, and the effect of QP concentration (0.5–1–2%) and the oil volume fraction (10–30–50%) on the physicochemical and mechanical properties of EG systems. EGs were tested for their microstructural and textural attributes, color, and water holding capacity as well as for their thermal, physical, and oxidative stability.

Results

The microstructure of EG showed that with increasing QP concentrations, the gel structure tended to be much denser, with oil droplets entrapped within the network. A significant decrease in droplet diameter with increasing QP concentration (p = 0.015) and oil volume fraction (p < 0.000) was observed. Hardness mean value was 2.8 N ± 0.5, reaching the highest value with 1 and 2% QP and 30% oil (p < 0.000). Cohesiveness shows a similar trend to that observed for hardness, while springiness showed the opposite behavior. As for adhesiveness, there were no significant differences between samples. EG have high lightness with slight yellow and green contributions. The mean water holding capacity was 88 ± 4%, and after heat treatment all samples exhibited a good fluid retention, significantly lower for the lower oil volume fraction (p = 0.001). EG, also proved to be highly stable against creaming and oxidative damage.

Conclusion

Results suggest that EG could be useful to create a new generation of healthier and innovative products that could substitute animal fat and deliver nutrients and biological compounds, thus improving food quality.

背景这项工作研究了藜麦蛋白（QP）、高油酸葵花籽油和海藻酸的乳液凝胶（EG）配方，以及 QP 浓度（0.5-1-2%）和油的体积分数（10-30-50%）对 EG 系统的物理化学和机械性能的影响。对 EG 的微观结构和纹理属性、颜色、持水能力以及热稳定性、物理稳定性和氧化稳定性进行了测试。结果 EG 的微观结构显示，随着 QP 浓度的增加，凝胶结构变得更加致密，网络中夹杂着油滴。随着 QP 浓度（p = 0.015）和油体积分数（p < 0.000）的增加，液滴直径明显减小。硬度平均值为 2.8 N ± 0.5，1%、2% QP 和 30% 油的硬度值最高（p < 0.000）。粘合性与硬度的趋势相似，而回弹性则相反。至于粘合性，不同样品之间没有显著差异。EG 的亮度较高，略带黄色和绿色。平均持水量为 88 ± 4%，经过热处理后，所有样品都表现出良好的保水性，油的体积分数越低，保水量越低（p = 0.001）。事实还证明，EG 对起皱和氧化损伤具有很高的稳定性。结论研究结果表明，EG 可以替代动物脂肪，提供营养成分和生物化合物，从而提高食品质量，有助于生产出新一代更健康的创新产品。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of pH and biopolymer ratio on phase behavior, rheology, and structural characteristics of pea protein isolate-locust bean gum coacervates pH 值和生物聚合物比例对分离豌豆蛋白-槐豆胶共聚物的相行为、流变学和结构特性的影响

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-03-25 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.187

Mekala Pavani, Poonam Singha, Sushil Kumar Singh

Background

Interaction between plant-based proteins and polysaccharides depends on several factors. This work reports the influence of pH and biopolymer ratios on the protein (pea protein isolate, PPI)-polysaccharide (locust bean gum, LBG) coacervates. Electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bond between the biopolymers strongly influenced the formation of the coacervates.

Results

The optimum coacervate conditions were observed at pH 4.5 and PPI:LBG ratio of 5:1. The coacervates showed a honeycomb porous architecture having an amorphous nature. Complex coacervates showed a significant elevation of denaturation temperature as compared to biopolymers alone.

Conclusion

These results indicates that PPI-LBG coacervates can be used as an effective biomaterial for encapsulating heat-sensitive bioactive compounds and other multiple uses in food processing.

植物性蛋白质与多糖之间的相互作用取决于多种因素。在这里，我们展示了 pH 值（7-3）和生物聚合物比例（1:1 至 20:1）对蛋白质（豌豆蛋白分离物或 PPI）-多糖（刺槐豆胶或 LBG）共凝胶的影响。静电作用和 H 键对共凝胶的形成有很大影响。最佳共凝胶条件为 pH 值为 4.5，PPI.LBG 为 5:1：共渗合剂呈现出蜂窝状多孔结构，具有无定形性质。与单独的生物聚合物相比，复合共凝胶的变性温度明显升高。这些结果表明，PPI-LBG 共凝胶是一种新颖、有效的生物材料，可用于封装热敏性生物活性化合物以及食品科学领域的其他多种用途。

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引用次数: 0

Fully automatic quantitation of eight different metabolites in coffee using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and the PULCON methodology 利用 1H NMR 光谱和 PULCON 方法全自动定量咖啡中的八种不同代谢物

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2024-03-10 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.184

Vera Gottstein, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Thomas Kuballa, Mirko Bunzel

Background

Coffee contains a plethora of constituents with some of them being especially important either due to their physiological effects or as quality markers. As quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H-NMR) has been established as a fast and reliable analytical tool its application was evaluated for the simultaneous quantitation of lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, caffeine, caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isomers, N-methylpyridinium, trigonelline, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in aqueous extracts of roasted Coffea arabica samples.

Results

Simultaneous quantitative determination was achieved by an automated analysis based on the PULCON methodology (pulse length-based concentration determination). The method was validated regarding linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). Recovery rates were between 76% (CQA) and 116% (HMF), and precision was between 1.7% (caffeine) and 10.3% (HMF). The LOD varied between 0.06 g/kg (HMF) and 1.35 g/kg (caffeine and CQA), with the LOQ being between 0.22 g/kg (HMF) and 4.87 g/kg (CQA). To verify the results of the ¹H-NMR method, caffeine, trigonelline, HMF, 3-CQA, 4-CQA, and 5-CQA were additionally quantitated by HPLC-DAD and the results were compared. The described ¹H-NMR method was additionally applied to coffee samples that contained different coffee defects. Results showed only slight changes in the concentrations of the analytes by adding defective beans to defect-free coffee.

Discussion

The developed 1H-NMR approach was proven to be fast (30 min), reliable, and precise. Thus, it is well suited to analyze several coffee constituents of interest in a large number of samples in, for example, quality control.

咖啡中含有大量成分，其中一些成分因其生理作用或作为质量标记而显得尤为重要。由于定量质子核磁共振光谱（1H-NMR）是一种快速可靠的分析工具，因此我们对其在同时定量测定烘焙阿拉伯咖啡豆水提取物中的乳酸、乙酸、甲酸、咖啡因、咖啡酰奎宁酸异构体（CQA）、N-甲基吡啶、三尖杉碱和 5-羟甲基糠醛（HMF）中的应用进行了评估。采用 PULCON 方法（基于脉冲长度的浓度测定法）进行自动分析，实现了同时定量测定。该方法在线性、准确度、精密度、检出限（LOD）和定量限（LOQ）方面都得到了验证。回收率在 76%（CQA）和 116%（HMF）之间，精密度在 1.7%（咖啡因）和 10.3%（HMF）之间。检测限介于 0.06 克/千克（HMF）和 1.35 克/千克（咖啡因和 CQA）之间，最低检测限介于 0.22 克/千克（HMF）和 4.87 克/千克（CQA）之间。为了验证 1H-NMR 方法的结果，还采用 HPLC-DAD 方法对咖啡因、三尖杉碱、HMF、3-CQA、4-CQA 和 5-CQA 进行了定量分析，并对结果进行了比较。所述 1H-NMR 方法还被用于含有不同咖啡缺陷的咖啡样品。结果表明，将有缺陷的咖啡豆添加到无缺陷的咖啡中，分析物的浓度只会发生轻微的变化。因此，该方法非常适合在质量控制等工作中分析大量样品中的多种咖啡成分。本文受版权保护。

{"title":"Fully automatic quantitation of eight different metabolites in coffee using 1H-NMR spectroscopy and the PULCON methodology","authors":"Vera Gottstein, Dirk W. Lachenmeier, Thomas Kuballa, Mirko Bunzel","doi":"10.1002/jsf2.184","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jsf2.184","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Coffee contains a plethora of constituents with some of them being especially important either due to their physiological effects or as quality markers. As quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (<sup>1</sup>H-NMR) has been established as a fast and reliable analytical tool its application was evaluated for the simultaneous quantitation of lactic acid, acetic acid, formic acid, caffeine, caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) isomers, <i>N</i>-methylpyridinium, trigonelline, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in aqueous extracts of roasted <i>Coffea arabica</i> samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Simultaneous quantitative determination was achieved by an automated analysis based on the PULCON methodology (pulse length-based concentration determination). The method was validated regarding linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). Recovery rates were between 76% (CQA) and 116% (HMF), and precision was between 1.7% (caffeine) and 10.3% (HMF). The LOD varied between 0.06 g/kg (HMF) and 1.35 g/kg (caffeine and CQA), with the LOQ being between 0.22 g/kg (HMF) and 4.87 g/kg (CQA). To verify the results of the <sup>1</sup>H-NMR method, caffeine, trigonelline, HMF, 3-CQA, 4-CQA, and 5-CQA were additionally quantitated by HPLC-DAD and the results were compared. The described <sup>1</sup>H-NMR method was additionally applied to coffee samples that contained different coffee defects. Results showed only slight changes in the concentrations of the analytes by adding defective beans to defect-free coffee.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The developed 1H-NMR approach was proven to be fast (30 min), reliable, and precise. Thus, it is well suited to analyze several coffee constituents of interest in a large number of samples in, for example, quality control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":93795,"journal":{"name":"JSFA reports","volume":"4 3","pages":"163-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jsf2.184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140255188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

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