JSFA reports最新文献_第7页

Determination of total flavonoids, phenolics, and antioxidant activity of propolis from six stingless bee species in Kenya 肯尼亚6种无刺蜂蜂胶总黄酮、酚类物质及抗氧化活性测定

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.147

Timothy M. Kegode, Nelly Ndungu, Nkoba Kiatoko

Background

Propolis is one of the hive products made by bees from wax and plant resins, which makes it rich in phytochemicals such as flavonoids and phenolic. The chemical composition of propolis from stingless bees is affected by several factors including vegetation type and species. In Kenya, we have diverse landscape vegetation and over 12 stingless bee species. Lifestyle diseases are affecting more people due to unhealthy diets and exposure to harmful chemicals, which lead to oxidation in cells. This led to the production of super radicals, which cannot be neutralized only by the endogenous antioxidants in the body. This has led to increased demand for exogenous antioxidants obtained from the diet. Propolis is a known source of natural antioxidants too due to the presence of polyphenols.

Results

In our study, we determined the total content of flavonoids, phenolic, and the antioxidant activity of propolis from six stingless bee species from Kenya. The total flavonoid content (TFC) in all species ranged from 651.90 to 3262.26 mg QE/100 g, while the total phenolic content (TPC) ranged from 586.36 to 2010.53 mg GAE/100 g. Among the species, Meliponula beccarii had the highest concentration of total flavonoids, Meliponula togoensis had high concentrations of total phenolic, while Meliponula ferruginea had the highest antioxidant activity.

Conclusion

The outcome of this study demonstrates that propolis from Kenyan stingless bees have varying amounts of phytochemicals, which is dependent on the species identity. Hence it is a good source of exogenous natural antioxidants.

蜂胶是蜜蜂用蜂蜡和植物树脂制成的蜂箱产品之一，富含黄酮类和酚类等植物化学物质。无刺蜂蜂胶的化学成分受多种因素的影响，包括植被类型和种类。在肯尼亚，我们有各种各样的景观植被和超过12种无刺蜜蜂。由于不健康的饮食和接触导致细胞氧化的有害化学物质，生活方式疾病正在影响更多的人。这导致了超级自由基的产生，而超级自由基只能被体内内源性抗氧化剂中和。这导致对从饮食中获得的外源性抗氧化剂的需求增加。蜂胶也是一种已知的天然抗氧化剂来源，因为它含有多酚。在我们的研究中，我们测定了来自肯尼亚的六种无刺蜜蜂的蜂胶的黄酮类化合物、酚类化合物的总含量和抗氧化活性。所有物种的总黄酮含量（TFC）在651.90 mg QE/100g和3262.26mg QE/100g之间，而总酚含量（TPC）在586.36 mg GAE/100g和2010.53 mg GAE/100mg之间。在这些物种中，贝氏M.beccarii具有最高浓度的总黄酮，托氏M.togoensis具有高浓度的总酚，而铁精M.ferroginea具有最高的抗氧化活性。这项研究的结果表明，肯尼亚无刺蜜蜂的蜂胶含有不同数量的植物化学物质，这取决于物种身份。因此，它是外源性天然抗氧化剂的良好来源。这篇文章受版权保护。保留所有权利。

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引用次数: 0

Can unexploited biomass of Ficus carica L. be valorized as a bio-based material for the development of functional food formulations? 无花果未开发的生物质能否作为开发功能性食品配方的生物基材料进行估价？

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.144

Natalia Manousi, Theodoros Mikroulis, Ioannis Mourtzinos

Figs are a valuable source of nutrients including polyphenols, dietary fiber, and minerals. Cultivation and consumption of figs generates a considerable amount of by-products and waste which are also nutrient-rich. Fig unexploited mass can efficiently be valorized in the frame of circular bioeconomy for the development of functional foods, food supplements, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. Herein, we provide a thorough assessment of the chemical composition of figs toward the potential utilization of unexploited fig biomass for the generation of bio-based materials. Conventional and novel processes such as drying and extraction leading to the isolation of targeted ingredients are critically discussed.

无花果是一种有价值的营养来源，包括多酚、膳食纤维和矿物质。无花果的种植和消费会产生大量的副产品和废物，这些副产品和废料也富含营养。无花果未开发的质量可以在循环生物经济的框架下有效地进行定价，用于开发功能性食品、食品补充剂、化妆品和药品。在此，我们对无花果的化学成分进行了全面评估，以确定未开发的无花果生物质用于生产生物基材料的潜力。对导致目标成分分离的常规和新工艺，如干燥和提取进行了批判性讨论。这篇文章受版权保护。保留所有权利。

引用次数: 0

Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis for enriching the antioxidants content of agro‐food industrial residues 高效酶法水解丰富农业食品工业残留物的抗氧化剂含量

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.145

Eriko Padron-Regalado, Eida Elena Mejía‐Olvera, Allan Mauricio Marruffo‐Carmona, José Carlos Solís‐Suárez, Darío Peralta‐Agapito, E. Medina-Rivero

Enzymatic hydrolysis of agro‐food industrial residues (AFIRs) has the potential of generating great economic value in the food and the cosmetics industry. Here we develop an efficient solid enzymatic hydrolysis (SEH) employing the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus to enzymatically digest wheat bran. We assess the antioxidant activity of the SEH product by implementing a highly affordable antioxidant activity test (AAT). Finally, we obtain a tablet formulation containing the SEH product.Results show that the selected parameters for the SEH are highly competitive among other described SEHs that use fungi to digest wheat residues. The AAT showed a dose‐response antioxidant behavior employing a known antioxidant (vitamin C). The AAT also showed that the SEH product has higher antioxidant activity than the undigested substrate. Finally, the hardness assessment of the SEH tablets suggested changes in stability.In conclusion, an efficient SEH was implemented and its effect on the antioxidant activity was demonstrated. The SEH could be performed at a competitive incubation time, temperature and moisture content. Nevertheless, a deeper study is warranted to fully describe this SEH. We hope that these findings contribute to the development of cost‐efficient SEHs in the food and cosmetics industry.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

农业食品工业残留物(AFIRs)的酶解在食品和化妆品工业中具有巨大的经济价值。本研究利用食用菌平菇(Pleurotus ostreatus)对麦麸进行了高效的固体酶解(SEH)酶解。我们通过实施高负担得起的抗氧化活性测试(AAT)来评估SEH产品的抗氧化活性。最后，我们得到了含有SEH产品的片剂配方。结果表明，所选择的SEH参数在其他利用真菌消化小麦残留物的SEH中具有很强的竞争力。AAT显示了已知抗氧化剂(维生素C)的剂量响应抗氧化行为。AAT还表明，SEH产物比未消化的底物具有更高的抗氧化活性。最后，SEH片的硬度评估表明稳定性发生了变化。综上所述，实现了高效的SEH，并证明了其对抗氧化活性的影响。SEH可以在竞争性孵育时间、温度和水分含量下进行。然而，需要更深入的研究来全面描述这种SEH。我们希望这些发现有助于食品和化妆品行业中成本效益高的SEHs的发展。这篇文章受版权保护。版权所有。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of sulfur fertilization on the composition, functionality, and protein quality of navy beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) 硫施肥对菜豆组成、功能及蛋白质品质的影响

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.148

Rui Deushi, Dai Shi, Andrea K. Stone, YiXiao Wang, Gabriela S. M. Coutinho, James D. House, Anfu Hou, Michael T. Nickerson

Background

Soil sulfur deficiency leads to reduced crop yield and quality loss, which is especially critical for pulses as sulfur is a major component of methionine and cysteine. The present research evaluated the influence of sulfur fertilization on two varieties of navy beans grown at soil sulfur levels of 17, 26, 35, and 44 kg/ha by analyzing their composition, functionality, and protein quality.

Results

Increasing the soil application of sulfur did not affect the protein content of the test navy bean flours. Methionine, cysteine, and tryptophan were limiting, and their concentrations were not enhanced by sulfur fertilization nor was protein digestibility. The oil holding capacity and emulsion stability were different among sulfur treatments; however, no clear trend was observed.

Conclusion

Sulfur fertilization had only a minimal effect on the quality attributes of navy beans, possibly due to a combined effect of environmental factors that limited the plant's response to sulfur supply. Despite the limited change, the findings underlined the possible role of the environment (e.g., location, crop year, and other variables) in determining the sulfur fertilization response of navy beans and provided valuable insight for researchers to further investigate the topic and optimize navy bean production and quality.

土壤硫缺乏会导致作物产量下降和质量损失，这对豆类尤其重要，因为硫是蛋氨酸和半胱氨酸的主要成分。本研究通过分析土壤硫含量为17、26、35和44kg/ha的两个品种的组成、功能和蛋白质质量，评估了硫肥对其生长的影响。增加土壤硫的施用量不会影响试验海军蓝豆粉的蛋白质含量。蛋氨酸、半胱氨酸和色氨酸是有限的，硫肥不会提高它们的浓度，蛋白质的消化率也不会提高。不同硫处理的含油量和乳液稳定性不同，但没有观察到明显的趋势。硫肥对海军豆的质量特性影响很小，这可能是由于环境因素的综合影响，限制了植物对硫供应的反应。尽管变化有限，但研究结果强调了环境（如位置、作物年份和其他变量）在确定海军豆硫肥反应中的可能作用，并为研究人员进一步研究该主题、优化海军豆生产和质量提供了宝贵的见解。这篇文章受版权保护。保留所有权利。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient enzymatic hydrolysis for enriching the antioxidant content of agro-food industrial residues 高效酶促水解富集农产品工业废渣中抗氧化剂的研究

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.145

Eriko Padron-Regalado, Eida Elena Mejía-Olvera, Allan Mauricio Marruffo-Carmona, José Carlos Solís-Suárez, Darío Peralta-Agapito, Emilio Medina-Rivero

Background

Enzymatic hydrolysis of agro-food industrial residues (AFIRs) has the potential of generating great economic value in the food and the cosmetics industry. Here, we develop an efficient solid enzymatic hydrolysis (SEH) employing the edible fungus Pleurotus ostreatus to enzymatically digest wheat bran. We assess the antioxidant activity of the SEH product by implementing a highly affordable antioxidant activity test (AAT). Finally, we obtain a tablet formulation containing the SEH product.

Results

Results show that the selected parameters for the SEH are highly competitive among other described SEHs that use fungi to digest wheat residues. The AAT showed a dose–response antioxidant behavior employing a known antioxidant (vitamin C). The AAT also showed that the SEH product has higher antioxidant activity than the undigested substrate. Finally, the hardness assessment of the SEH tablets suggested changes in stability.

Conclusion

In conclusion, an efficient SEH was implemented and its effect on the antioxidant activity was demonstrated. The SEH could be performed at a competitive incubation time, temperature, and moisture content. Nevertheless, a deeper study is warranted to fully describe this SEH. We hope that these findings contribute to the development of cost-efficient SEHs in the food and cosmetics industry.

背景农产品工业残留物的酶解在食品和化妆品行业具有巨大的经济价值。在这里，我们开发了一种利用食用菌平菇对麦麸进行酶解的高效固体酶解（SEH）。我们通过实施价格合理的抗氧化活性测试（AAT）来评估SEH产品的抗氧化活性。最后，我们获得了含有SEH产品的片剂配方。结果表明，所选择的SEH参数在其他描述的利用真菌消化小麦残留物的SEH中具有很强的竞争力。AAT显示出使用已知抗氧化剂（维生素C）的剂量反应抗氧化行为。AAT还表明，SEH产物比未消化的底物具有更高的抗氧化活性。最后，SEH片剂的硬度评估表明稳定性发生了变化。结论SEH是一种有效的抗氧化剂，其抗氧化活性得到了证实。SEH可以在竞争的培养时间、温度和水分含量下进行。然而，有必要进行更深入的研究来充分描述这种SEH。我们希望这些发现有助于在食品和化妆品行业开发具有成本效益的SEH。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of molecular weight and drying temperature on the physicochemical properties of chitosan edible film 分子量和干燥温度对壳聚糖食用膜理化性能的影响

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.142

Jenani Sutharsan, Cyrille Andre Boyer, Jian Zhao

Background

Chitosan is the second most abundant polysaccharide abundant in nature after cellulose. In this study chitosan edible films with three different molecular weights (low [LMW], medium [MMW] and high [HMW] molecular weights) were prepared by drying them at room (21°C), 40 and 50°C and their physicochemical properties were characterized.

Results

Molecular weight had a positive effect on the thickness, tensile strength (TS), elongation at break (EAB) and swelling ability (SA) of the films. However, film solubility(S) and water vapor permeability (WVP) were negatively affected. Higher drying temperatures increased the TS of the films whereas lower drying temperatures increased the MC, S, WVP and the EAB of the films. All the films prepared were transparent; however, films made with LMW chitosan were yellowish color. FTIR spectra of the films were influenced by the molecular weight of chitosan and the drying temperature, which revealed that there was an interaction between MW and the drying temperature.

Conclusion

This study demonstrated that films made with medium MW chitosan by drying at room temperature had the most favorable properties for food packaging applications.

背景壳聚糖是自然界中含量仅次于纤维素的第二丰富的多糖。本研究通过在室温（21°C）、40°C和50°C下干燥制备了三种不同分子量（低分子量[LMW]、中分子量[MMW]和高分子量[HMW]）的壳聚糖可食用膜，并对其理化性质进行了表征。结果分子量对薄膜的厚度、拉伸强度（TS）、断裂伸长率（EAB）和溶胀能力（SA）有显著影响。然而，膜溶解度（S）和水蒸气渗透性（WVP）受到负面影响。较高的干燥温度增加了薄膜的TS，而较低的干燥温度提高了薄膜的MC、S、WVP和EAB。所有制备的薄膜都是透明的；但用LMW壳聚糖制备的薄膜呈黄色。薄膜的红外光谱受壳聚糖分子量和干燥温度的影响，表明分子量与干燥温度之间存在相互作用。结论中分子量壳聚糖室温干燥制备的薄膜具有最适合食品包装应用的性能。

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引用次数: 0

Nutritional profiling and quantitative analysis of amino acids and vitamins using LC–MS/MS in selected raw and germinated ancient grains 使用LC - MS/MS对选定的原始和发芽的古代谷物进行营养分析和氨基酸和维生素的定量分析

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.141

M. M. Navami, Billu Abraham, Haridas Archana, P. Nisha

Background

Ancient grains are grains that have remained unchanged over the past decades. Among them, millets and pseudocereals are highly nutritious underutilized grains that are gluten free. The present study compares the nutritional composition of nine important ancient grains in its raw and germinated forms.

Results

Among the grains studied, amaranth had the highest protein content (14.52%), followed by proso (13.04%) and foxtail millets (12.78%). Amino acid analysis was carried out using LC–MS/MS. Besides amaranth, barnyard, pearl, and proso millets contained considerable amount of essential amino acids. The lysine content of sorghum has increased four folds during germination. Valine, histidine, and glutamic acid contents increased marginally upon sprouting. These grains were also found to contain significant amount of B complex vitamins. The ascorbic acid content of the grains increased considerably upon germination especially in foxtail millet (78.03–30452.90 ng/g).

Conclusion

The present study is the first comparative study that has brought out the distinct nutritional superiority of the ancient grains in their raw and germinated forms. These gluten-free grains can be utilized to improve the nutritional demand and food security of the growing population.

古代谷物是在过去几十年里保持不变的谷物。其中，小米和假谷物是高营养的未充分利用的谷物，不含麸质。本研究比较了九种重要的古代谷物在其原始和发芽形式下的营养成分。结果在所研究的籽粒中，苋菜蛋白质含量最高(14.52%)，其次是大豆(13.04%)和谷子(12.78%)。氨基酸分析采用LC-MS /MS。除了苋菜外，谷仓粟、珍珠粟和proso粟也含有相当数量的必需氨基酸。高粱的赖氨酸含量在萌发期间增加了4倍。缬氨酸、组氨酸和谷氨酸含量在发芽后略有增加。这些谷物还被发现含有大量的复合维生素B。谷子的抗坏血酸含量在萌发后显著增加(78.03 ~ 30452.90 ng/g)。结论本研究首次通过对比研究，揭示了古代谷物在生态和发芽状态下具有明显的营养优势。这些无麸质谷物可用于改善不断增长的人口的营养需求和粮食安全。

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引用次数: 0

Perceptions of pesticide use and health risks among apple growers in Kashmir Himalaya 克什米尔喜马拉雅地区苹果种植者对杀虫剂使用和健康风险的认知

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.143

Moieza Ashraf, Saima Hassan, Shahid Ahmad Dar

Background

Understanding the patterns of pesticide use is important in protecting the environment and farmer's health for improvement of sustainability in chemical pest control. Studies on the knowledge and awareness of pesticides by farmers are often incomplete. Therefore, our study aimed at investigating the awareness and knowledge of pesticides from a detailed survey of 394 apple growers in the Kashmir Himalaya.

Results

The study revealed that farmers have inadequate knowledge and awareness about pesticides. About 47.2% of the farmers are choosing pesticides based on the efficiency of the pest/pathogen control, 38.1% are choosing pesticides based on the cost of the product, and 14.7% of the farmers are choosing pesticides based on ease of availability. Most of the farmers rated the principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as not important. The farmers believed that the use of pesticides is the only way of controlling the pest outbreaks that ultimately led to reckless spraying of pesticides. Our results revealed that farmers are spraying pesticides without protective gears and inappropriate dumping of pesticides and their containers, risking the health of humans and the environment. Almost 96% of the farmers feel burning and irritation to the eyes and skin, headache, and vomiting due to pesticide spraying. The results of this research work accentuate the requirement to educate apple growers about the adequate and safe use of pesticides to avoid risks to public and environmental health.

Conclusion

The study concludes that farmers are significantly impacted by the use of pesticides. Ineffective actions of pesticide dealers, government regulations, and illiteracy of farmers are the main causes of the reckless use of pesticides. Therefore, special attention should be paid towards sustainable approaches of pesticide spraying and use of safety gears like personal protective equipment, for protection of human and environmental health.

背景了解农药使用模式对于保护环境和农民健康，提高化学害虫防治的可持续性具有重要意义。农民对农药知识和认识的研究往往是不完整的。因此，我们的研究旨在调查克什米尔喜马拉雅地区394名苹果种植者对杀虫剂的认识和知识。结果研究表明，农民对农药的认识和认识不足。约47.2%的农民根据病虫害/病原体控制的效率选择农药，38.1%的农民根据产品成本选择农药，14.7%的农民基于易得性选择农药。大多数农民认为虫害综合治理原则并不重要。农民们认为，使用杀虫剂是控制害虫爆发的唯一方法，而害虫爆发最终导致了不计后果地喷洒杀虫剂。我们的研究结果显示，农民在没有防护装备的情况下喷洒农药，并不当倾倒农药及其容器，这危及人类健康和环境。近96%的农民因喷洒农药而感到眼睛和皮肤灼热、刺激、头痛和呕吐。这项研究工作的结果强调了对苹果种植者进行充分和安全使用杀虫剂教育的要求，以避免对公众和环境健康造成风险。结论农药使用对农民影响较大。农药经销商的无效行为、政府法规和农民的文盲是鲁莽使用农药的主要原因。因此，应特别注意可持续的杀虫剂喷洒方法和个人防护设备等安全装备的使用，以保护人类和环境健康。

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引用次数: 0

Perceptions of pesticide use and health risks among Apple growers in Kashmir Himalayas 克什米尔喜马拉雅山脉苹果种植者对农药使用和健康风险的认知

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.143

M. Ashraf, S. Hassan, S. Dar

引用次数: 0

Improving functional properties of rice protein isolates by hydrolysis using alcalase enzyme and assessing bioactivities of hydrolysates alcalase酶水解提高水稻分离蛋白的功能特性及其生物活性评价

JSFA reports

Pub Date : 2023-07-13 DOI: 10.1002/jsf2.140

Kavitha Susan Issac, Shubha Banerjee, Sahayog N. Jamdar

Background

Developing value-added products from rice grains is becoming increasingly significant to enhance productivity from excess rice grains. Therefore, the objective of this study was to improve the functional properties of rice protein from four rice varieties, namely, RRF-127, RRF-105, Swarna, and Protezin by enzymatic hydrolysis, and also to evaluate bioactivities like antioxidant, ACE, and DPP-IV inhibitory activities of the hydrolysates.

Results

The alcalase hydrolysis increased protein solubility to >80% in the pH range of 4–10. The foaming capacity and stability of rice protein hydrolysates (RPHs) improved with the increase in pH. The hydrolysis significantly improved the emulsification activity index (EAI) in the pH range of 5–9. The hydrolysates showed antioxidant activity, namely, ABTS^•+radical scavenging, reducing power, and metal ion chelation. RRF-105 was found to possess the most potent antioxidant capacity among the hydrolysates. RPH could alleviate oxidative damage in erythrocytes, and their protective effects were concentration-dependent. The hydrolysates had stronger inhibition of ACE and DPP-IV enzymes. Protezin exhibited the highest ACE inhibition (63%), while Swarna demonstrated the most effective DPP-IV inhibition (66%).

Conclusion

Hydrolysis with alcalase improved the functional and bioactive properties of rice proteins, indicating that RPH could serve as a source of bioactive peptides or as a functional ingredient with potential properties.

利用过剩的稻谷提高生产力，开发稻谷增值产品变得越来越重要。因此，本研究的目的是通过酶解提高4个水稻品种(RRF-127、RRF-105、Swarna和Protezin)水稻蛋白的功能特性，并评价其水解产物的抗氧化、ACE和DPP-IV抑制活性等生物活性。结果在4 ~ 10的pH范围内，alcalase水解使蛋白溶解度提高到80%。随着pH值的增加，大米蛋白水解物(RPHs)的发泡能力和稳定性得到改善，在pH值为5 ~ 9的范围内，大米蛋白水解物的乳化活性指数(EAI)显著提高。水解产物具有抗氧化活性，即清除ABTS•+自由基、还原能力和金属离子螯合能力。结果表明，RRF-105具有较强的抗氧化能力。RPH能减轻红细胞氧化损伤，其保护作用呈浓度依赖性。水解产物对ACE和DPP-IV酶有较强的抑制作用。Protezin表现出最高的ACE抑制(63%)，而Swarna表现出最有效的DPP-IV抑制(66%)。结论alcalase水解提高了水稻蛋白的功能和生物活性，表明RPH可以作为生物活性肽的来源或作为具有潜在功能的功能成分。

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引用次数: 0