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Natural Reactive Iron Dynamics in the Agricultural Soil of Semiarid to Arid Systems 半干旱至干旱地区农业土壤中天然活性铁的动态变化
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-03-04 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00273
Arindam Malakar, Daniel D. Snow, Daran Rudnick, Bijesh Maharjan, Michael Kaiser and Chittaranjan Ray*, 

Quantifying redox-driven changes in iron chemistry in irrigated semiarid to arid soils and their relevance for the availability of nutrients and contaminants is critical for global food security. Data across three growing seasons and two different soil types in semiarid to arid climates indicate site-independent peaks of reactive iron in soil aligned with peaks in irrigation events. The reactive iron formed during irrigation was short-lived, and the concentration was back at baseline during harvest. The significant (p < 0.01) increase of reactive iron ranging from 1589.0 ± 172.3 to 1898.0 ± 201.1 μg g–1 over the growing season triggered by reducing conditions due to transient water infiltration resulted in the mobilization of organic soil carbon and affected the mobility and plant availability of nitrogen, uranium, and arsenic. Porewater samples collected during irrigation events demonstrated increasing iron concentrations over time and positively correlated (p < 0.05) with arsenic and uranium levels. Geogenic arsenic mobilization into soil porewater during peak irrigation events contained significantly (p < 0.01) higher (∼90%) reduced inorganic arsenic species. Crop tissue analysis indicated that roots contained the highest concentrations of trace elements, followed by shoots and grains. Coupled (bio)geochemical redox cycles of iron, nutrients, and contaminants seem to play a critical but so far less recognized role for crop production in irrigated agroecosystems of semiarid to arid systems.

量化半干旱至干旱灌溉土壤中氧化还原驱动的铁化学变化及其与养分和污染物可用性的相关性对全球粮食安全至关重要。在半干旱到干旱气候条件下,三个生长季节和两种不同土壤类型的数据表明,土壤中活性铁的峰值与灌溉事件的峰值一致,与地点无关。灌溉过程中形成的活性铁持续时间很短,收获时浓度又恢复到基线水平。由于瞬时水渗入造成的还原条件,活性铁在生长期内从 1589.0 ± 172.3 到 1898.0 ± 201.1 μg g-1 显著增加(p < 0.01),导致土壤有机碳的移动,并影响了氮、铀和砷的流动性和植物的可利用性。灌溉期间采集的孔隙水样本显示,随着时间的推移,铁的浓度不断增加,并与砷和铀的含量呈正相关(p < 0.05)。灌溉高峰期渗入土壤孔隙水中的地生砷含有显著较高(p < 0.01)的还原无机砷种类(∼90%)。作物组织分析表明,根部的微量元素含量最高,其次是芽和谷物。铁、养分和污染物的耦合(生物)地球化学氧化还原循环似乎对半干旱至干旱地区灌溉农业生态系统中的作物生产起着至关重要的作用,但迄今为止人们对这一作用的认识较少。
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引用次数: 0
Development of Cholinesterase-Activatable Fluorescent Probes for Pesticide Residue Detection 开发用于检测农药残留的胆碱酯酶可激活荧光探针
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-28 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00466
Yuanxiang Li, Zi-Ye Zhang, Shuang-Yu Li, Xue-Yan Gong and Wen-Chao Yang*, 

The two main types of cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), share similar structures and functions and are commonly present in biological environments. The activity of cholinesterase is closely related to pesticide residues; it is crucial to develop enzyme-inhibition-based fluorescent probes for pesticide residue detection. However, the discovery of a fluorescent probe that selectively targets one of these is consistently a formidable challenge. In this study, two kinds of fluorescent probes, HBT-A and HBT-B, were developed with 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) as the fluorophore, which can selectively distinguish AChE and BChE, respectively. Our probes (HBT-A for AChE and HBT-B for BChE) exhibited high sensitivity and specificity toward their respective analytes in cells and zebrafish. Finally, we used HBT-B as an example and demonstrated that it can be an effective tool for visualizing pesticide residues in living organisms, highlighting the potential application of the developed probes in environmental monitoring and food safety.

乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和丁酰胆碱酯酶(BChE)是两种主要的胆碱酯酶,它们具有相似的结构和功能,普遍存在于生物环境中。胆碱酯酶的活性与农药残留密切相关,因此开发基于酶抑制的荧光探针来检测农药残留至关重要。然而,发现一种能选择性靶向其中一种酶的荧光探针始终是一项艰巨的挑战。本研究以 2-(2-羟基苯基)苯并噻唑(HBT)为荧光基团,开发了两种分别能选择性区分 AChE 和 BChE 的荧光探针--HBT-A 和 HBT-B。我们的探针(HBT-A 用于 AChE,HBT-B 用于 BChE)在细胞和斑马鱼中表现出对各自分析物的高灵敏度和特异性。最后,我们以 HBT-B 为例,证明了它可以作为可视化生物体内农药残留的有效工具,突出了所开发探针在环境监测和食品安全方面的潜在应用。
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引用次数: 0
Total Synthesis and Biological Activity of (±)-Guignardin A, (±)-Palmarumycin B9, and Their Derivatives (±)-Guignardin A、(±)-Palmarumycin B9 及其衍生物的全合成和生物活性
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00547
Leichuan Xu, Haoyun Ma, Xinkun An, Yihao Li, Daowan Lai, Ligang Zhou and Mingan Wang*, 

A strategy for constructing an α-hydroxyl-α-acetonyl moiety was described for the total synthesis of guignardin A (1), 8-deoxypalmarumycin B9 (2), and palmarumycin B9 (3) via 7-, 8-, and 11-step reactions in 14.9, 1.5, and 0.4% overall yields from 5-methoxy-1-tetralone (1a), chroman-4-one (2a), and 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (3a) as the starting materials, respectively. The key steps included AlCl3- or NaSEt-mediated demethylation, Davis oxidation, and Wacker oxidation. Their structures were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and X-ray diffraction data. A series of spiromamakone A monobenzo derivatives were designed and synthesized by three diallyl-substituted byproducts via olefin metathesis as the key step. The antifungal investigation indicated that compounds 1l and 2n exhibited excellent inhibitory activities against phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani with EC50 values of 8.68 and 5.25 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 2n had the destructive and inhibitory effects on the morphology and growth of the hyphae of R. solani.

介绍了一种构建α-羟基-α-丙酮基分子的策略,通过 7、8 和 11 步反应,以 5-甲氧基-1-四氢萘酮 (1a)、色满-4-酮 (2a) 和 2,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛 (2,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛)为原料,全合成愈创木酚 A (1)、8-脱氧香豆素 B9 (2) 和香豆素 B9 (3)。以 5-甲氧基-1-四氢萘酮(1a)、色原酮-4-酮(2a)和 2,5-二甲氧基苯甲醛(3a)为起始原料,通过 7 步、8 步和 11 步反应,总产率分别为 14.9%、1.5%和 0.4%。关键步骤包括 AlCl3 或 NaSEt 介导的去甲基化、戴维斯氧化和瓦克氧化。通过 1H 和 13C NMR、HR-ESI-MS 和 X 射线衍射数据对它们的结构进行了表征。以三个二烯丙基取代的副产物为关键步骤,通过烯烃偏聚反应设计并合成了一系列螺旋马酮 A 单苯并衍生物。抗真菌研究表明,化合物 1l 和 2n 对植物病原体根瘤菌(Rhizoctonia solani)具有极佳的抑制活性,EC50 值分别为 8.68 和 5.25 μg/mL。化合物 2n 对根瘤菌菌丝的形态和生长具有破坏和抑制作用。
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引用次数: 0
Diversity and Association Analysis of Physiological and Yield Indices in Rice Germplasm 水稻种质中生理指标和产量指标的多样性与关联分析
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00284
Zeeshan Ali, Muhammad Naeem, Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed, Aqsa Hafeez, Baber Ali, Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz*, Rashid Iqbal*, Allah Ditta*, Islem Abid and Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa, 

Rice is an important staple food crop, but in many countries, average rice yields are much lower than their yield potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phenotypic performance of diverse rice genotypes (310) for yield traits, identify high-yielding early-duration genotypes with greater partitioning efficiency, and classify the best and worst genotypes based on their performance in the 2019–20 growing season under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the traits between genotypes (p ≤ 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between grain yield plant–1 and flag leaf area, panicle grain weight, panicle length, number of spikelets panicle–1, spikelet fertility, number of grains panicle–1, 1000 grain weight, grain length, net photosynthesis, and water use efficiency. Principal component analysis indicated genetic variation between all genotypes. The cumulative genetic variation in the first two principal components (PCs) was 69.18% (PC1: 57.74% and PC2: 11.44%). PC1 added more toward yield and related traits to the separation of rice genotypes and contributed to the variability for 1000 grain weight (7.74%), spikelet fertility (7.56%), number of spikelets panicle–1 (7.54%), flag leaf area (7.41%), and shoot dry weight (7.13%). Projection in biplot analysis confirmed that all the best genotypes were opposite to only the worst genotype G-19 and all others were positively associated with each other. Thus, the selection of these traits which are positively related to grain yield and the selection of best genotypes in rice would be useful for improving yield. Diversity and association of physiological and yield-related traits could be useful to improve the crop through the selection of useful traits to increase productivity and meet the demand of the growing population.

水稻是一种重要的主粮作物,但在许多国家,水稻的平均产量远远低于其产量潜力。本研究的目的是评估不同水稻基因型(310个)在产量性状方面的表型表现,识别具有更高分配效率的高产早熟基因型,并根据其在2019-20生长季的表现划分最佳和最差基因型,采用随机完全区组设计(RCBD),三次重复。方差分析显示,基因型之间的所有性状均存在显著差异(p ≤ 0.001)。相关分析表明,粮食单株产量-1 与旗叶面积、圆锥花序粒重、圆锥花序长度、圆锥花序-1 小穗数、小穗结实率、圆锥花序-1 谷粒数、千粒重、谷粒长度、净光合作用和水分利用效率之间存在显著相关。主成分分析表明所有基因型之间存在遗传变异。前两个主成分的累积遗传变异为 69.18%(PC1:57.74%,PC2:11.44%)。PC1 对水稻基因型的产量和相关性状的分离增加了更多的贡献,并对千粒重(7.74%)、小穗结实率(7.56%)、穗粒数-1(7.54%)、旗叶面积(7.41%)和穗干重(7.13%)的变异做出了贡献。双图分析中的投影证实,所有最佳基因型仅与最差基因型 G-19 相反,其他基因型之间均呈正相关。因此,选择这些与谷物产量呈正相关的性状和最佳基因型将有助于提高水稻产量。生理性状和产量相关性状的多样性和关联性有助于通过选择有用的性状来改良作物,从而提高产量,满足日益增长的人口需求。
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引用次数: 0
Biochar Application Can Improve Most of the Chemical Properties of Acidic Soils: A Global Meta-Analysis 生物炭的应用可改善酸性土壤的大部分化学性质:全球元分析
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00564
Muhammad Aurangzeib, Shaoliang Zhang*, Sihua Yan, Jianhong Zhou, Xiaoguang Niu, Pengke Yan and Jiuqi Wang, 

Biochar has been widely used to improve the properties of acidic soil properties. However, the effectiveness of biochar in acidic soil properties was debated and has been less focused on in previous reviews. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the importance of the biochar pyrolysis temperature (BPT) and the effect of biochar properties on acidic soil properties. The Pearson correlation and a meta-analysis involving the data obtained from 50 peer-reviewed publications showed that BPT has a significant positive correlation with biochar pH (BpH), biochar total carbon, biochar ash (BAs), and the biochar carbon to nitrogen ratio (BC/N), and a significant negative correlation with biochar total nitrogen (BN). The biochar feedstock straw was more effective in increasing the acidic soil pH (SpH), soil electrical conductivity (SEC), soil available phosphorus (SAP), and soil organic matter (SOM). The biochar application rates ≥ 80 t ha–1 significantly increased the acidic SpH, soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil available potassium (SAK), and SOM. The BpH ≥ 10 increased all the observed acidic soil properties except SEC. The BC/N 30–45 significantly increased SAN, SAP, and SOM, while the BC/N ≤ 30 was more effective at increasing SpH and SAK. The relationship of BN, biochar total phosphorus, and biochar total potassium with soil properties was inconsistent except that BN ≥ 1% not only increased the SAN but also increased the SAP and SAK. Except for SAK, BAs ≤ 15 significantly increased all observed soil properties. According to the PLS-SEM, BPT affects biochar properties and then affects soil properties (P < 0.05). Generally, the application of biochar in acidic soil increases all the observed soil properties according to the grand mean total effect size. This article gives us a clear image that if the SpH < 7, then BPT ≥ 800, BF straw, and BpH > 10 can be used to improve the acidic soil properties.

生物炭已被广泛用于改善酸性土壤的性质。然而,生物炭在酸性土壤性质方面的有效性还存在争议,在以往的综述中关注较少。本荟萃分析旨在确定生物炭热解温度(BPT)的重要性以及生物炭特性对酸性土壤特性的影响。皮尔逊相关性和荟萃分析表明,BPT 与生物炭 pH 值(BpH)、生物炭总碳量、生物炭灰分(BAs)和生物炭碳氮比(BC/N)呈显著正相关,与生物炭总氮量(BN)呈显著负相关。生物炭原料秸秆对提高酸性土壤 pH 值(SpH)、土壤电导率(SEC)、土壤可利用磷(SAP)和土壤有机质(SOM)更有效。生物炭施用量≥ 80 吨/公顷时,酸性土壤 pH 值(SpH)、土壤可利用氮(SAN)、土壤可利用钾(SAK)和土壤有机质均有明显提高。BpH ≥ 10 时,除 SEC 外,所有观察到的酸性土壤特性都有所增加。BC/N 30-45 能明显增加 SAN、SAP 和 SOM,而 BC/N ≤ 30 则能更有效地增加 SpH 和 SAK。BN、生物炭总磷和生物炭总钾与土壤性质的关系不一致,但 BN≥1% 不仅能增加 SAN,还能增加 SAP 和 SAK。除 SAK 外,BA ≤ 15 能显著提高所有观察到的土壤特性。根据 PLS-SEM,BPT 影响生物炭特性,进而影响土壤特性(P < 0.05)。总体而言,根据总平均效应大小,在酸性土壤中施用生物炭会增加所有观察到的土壤性质。这篇文章给了我们一个清晰的印象:如果 SpH < 7,那么 BPT ≥ 800、BF straw 和 BpH > 10 就可以用来改善酸性土壤的性质。
{"title":"Biochar Application Can Improve Most of the Chemical Properties of Acidic Soils: A Global Meta-Analysis","authors":"Muhammad Aurangzeib,&nbsp;Shaoliang Zhang*,&nbsp;Sihua Yan,&nbsp;Jianhong Zhou,&nbsp;Xiaoguang Niu,&nbsp;Pengke Yan and Jiuqi Wang,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00564","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biochar has been widely used to improve the properties of acidic soil properties. However, the effectiveness of biochar in acidic soil properties was debated and has been less focused on in previous reviews. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the importance of the biochar pyrolysis temperature (BPT) and the effect of biochar properties on acidic soil properties. The Pearson correlation and a meta-analysis involving the data obtained from 50 peer-reviewed publications showed that BPT has a significant positive correlation with biochar pH (BpH), biochar total carbon, biochar ash (BAs), and the biochar carbon to nitrogen ratio (BC/N), and a significant negative correlation with biochar total nitrogen (BN). The biochar feedstock straw was more effective in increasing the acidic soil pH (SpH), soil electrical conductivity (SEC), soil available phosphorus (SAP), and soil organic matter (SOM). The biochar application rates ≥ 80 t ha<sup>–1</sup> significantly increased the acidic SpH, soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil available potassium (SAK), and SOM. The BpH ≥ 10 increased all the observed acidic soil properties except SEC. The BC/N 30–45 significantly increased SAN, SAP, and SOM, while the BC/N ≤ 30 was more effective at increasing SpH and SAK. The relationship of BN, biochar total phosphorus, and biochar total potassium with soil properties was inconsistent except that BN ≥ 1% not only increased the SAN but also increased the SAP and SAK. Except for SAK, BAs ≤ 15 significantly increased all observed soil properties. According to the PLS-SEM, BPT affects biochar properties and then affects soil properties (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Generally, the application of biochar in acidic soil increases all the observed soil properties according to the grand mean total effect size. This article gives us a clear image that if the SpH &lt; 7, then BPT ≥ 800, BF straw, and BpH &gt; 10 can be used to improve the acidic soil properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 3","pages":"292–306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Crucial Role for Technology in Sustainable Agriculture 技术在可持续农业中的关键作用
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-13 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00426
Brent Brower-Toland, Julia L. Stevens, Lyle Ralston, Kevin Kosola and Thomas L. Slewinski*, 

The impacts of climate change, particularly extreme weather events, will increase the likelihood of crop failure in the future. As such, the need for the development of climate-resilient crops that increase agricultural efficiency and sustain sustainable land use is critical to food security. Conservation agriculture, including practices such as reduced tillage, continuous cover, and crop rotation, provides a foundation for safeguarding agricultural systems. To support the widespread adoption of these practices, it will be necessary to make technological advancements through machinery breakthroughs, automation, advanced genetics, and biotechnology. Here we review approaches that integrate biotechnology and new breeding techniques to protect the yield into a conservation framework to accelerate sustainable intensification. By designing crops to function in the optimal planting configurations, improved crop rotational systems, and smart soil nutrient management, we can grow even more with less.

气候变化的影响,特别是极端天气事件,将增加未来作物歉收的可能性。因此,需要开发能抵御气候变化的作物,提高农业效率,维持土地的可持续利用,这对粮食安全至关重要。保护性农业,包括减少耕作、连续覆盖和轮作等做法,为保护农业系统奠定了基础。为了支持这些做法的广泛采用,有必要通过机械突破、自动化、先进遗传学和生物技术来实现技术进步。在此,我们回顾了将生物技术和新型育种技术融入保护框架以保护产量的方法,从而加快可持续集约化进程。通过设计作物的最佳种植配置、改进作物轮作系统和智能土壤养分管理,我们可以以更少的投入获得更多的产出。
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引用次数: 0
Antifungal Efficacy of Nanodelivered Azoxystrobin against Rhizoctonia solani in Soybean (Glycine max) Nanodelivered Azoxystrobin 对大豆根瘤菌(Rhizoctonia solani)的抗真菌功效
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-12 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00469
Eban A. Hanna, Carlos E. Astete, Trey Price, Carlos Tamez, Omar E. Mendez, Alvaro Garcia, Fannyuy V. Kewir, Jason C. White and Cristina M. Sabliov*, 

Zein nanoparticles (ZNP) (189.4 ± 2.0 nm, +25.7 ± 0.9 mV) and lignin nanoparticles (LNP) (173.6 ± 0.9 nm, – 56.5 ± 2.8 mV) with loaded azoxystrobin (AZO) (5.2 ± 0.8 and 5.5 ± 0.7 wt %, respectively) were designed as antifungal delivery systems for seed treatments. Both particles followed pseudo-first-order kinetics for AZO release at 25 °C, with AZO releasing faster from ZNP. AZO-entrapped ZNP treatments produced the greatest yield (41.15 bushels), followed by empty LNP (40.35 bushels) for inoculated samples; these findings were comparable to yields achieved with the commercial AZO formulation, Dynasty. The stand per row feet for inoculated plants were significantly higher than the control, with the highest being Dynasty, AZO-entrapped ZNP, and AZO-entrapped LNP treatments (3.90, 3.74, and 2.53, respectively). All treatments, excluding empty ZNP, resulted in a statistically significant increase in yield and stand per row feet compared to the nontreated plants. ZNPs and LNPs developed herein for AZO delivery can be used as alternative and sustainable solutions for the delivery of other agrochemicals.

设计了负载唑菌酯(AZO)(分别为 5.2 ± 0.8 和 5.5 ± 0.7 wt %)的玉米素纳米颗粒(ZNP)(189.4 ± 2.0 nm,+25.7 ± 0.9 mV)和木质素纳米颗粒(LNP)(173.6 ± 0.9 nm,- 56.5 ± 2.8 mV)作为种子处理的抗真菌输送系统。这两种颗粒在 25 ℃ 下都遵循假一阶 AZO 释放动力学,其中 ZNP 释放 AZO 的速度更快。在接种样品中,AZO 包裹的 ZNP 处理产量最高(41.15 蒲式耳),其次是空 LNP(40.35 蒲式耳);这些结果与使用商用 AZO 制剂 Dynasty 的产量相当。接种植株的每行英尺株数明显高于对照,其中最高的是 Dynasty、AZO-entrapped ZNP 和 AZO-entrapped LNP 处理(分别为 3.90、3.74 和 2.53)。与未处理的植株相比,除空 ZNP 外,所有处理都能显著提高产量和每行英尺的株数。本文开发的用于输送 AZO 的 ZNPs 和 LNPs 可作为输送其他农用化学品的可替代和可持续的解决方案。
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引用次数: 0
Response of Chlorosis and Growth to Light Intensity in Rice Seedlings 水稻幼苗的萎黄病和生长对光照强度的反应
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00461
Chengzhu Tang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Letong Li, Jiaqi Wei, Zhe Yang, Xing Chen, Huabin Zheng, Zhi Zhou, Wenbang Tang* and Mao Xia*, 

Chlorosis is a crucial factor affecting the normal growth of rice seedlings. Light intensity can significantly control chlorosis, but uncertainty about the key factors of chlorosis caused by light intensity still exists. The purpose of this work is to determine what causes the light intensity to affect chlorosis. Xiangzaoxian 24 was used as the test material to investigate the effects of light intensity on rice seedlings by setting five light intensity treatments, T1 (50 μmol m–2 s–1), T2 (100 μmol m–2 s–1), T3 (250 μmol m–2 s–1), T4 (500 μmol m–2 s–1), and T5 (750 μmol m–2 s–1). In this study, chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid (AsA) content, and related gene expression levels decreased, but the H2O2 content increased under lower or higher light intensity. Moreover, there was obvious chlorosis in rice seedlings in it. But there was no obvious chlorosis in rice seedlings at medium light intensity. We concluded that medium light intensity could promote AsA synthesis and thus reduce reactive oxygen species, and ultimately the rice seedlings stay green.

萎黄病是影响水稻秧苗正常生长的一个关键因素。光照强度能明显控制萎黄病,但光照强度导致萎黄病的关键因素仍不确定。本研究的目的是确定光照强度影响萎黄病的原因。以湘早24号为试验材料,通过设置五个光照强度处理(T1(50 μmol m-2 s-1)、T2(100 μmol m-2 s-1)、T3(250 μmol m-2 s-1)、T4(500 μmol m-2 s-1)和T5(750 μmol m-2 s-1))来研究光照强度对水稻秧苗的影响。本研究发现,在较低或较高的光照强度下,叶绿素含量、抗坏血酸(AsA)含量和相关基因表达水平降低,但 H2O2 含量增加。此外,水稻秧苗在光照下出现了明显的萎黄病。但在中等光照强度下,水稻秧苗没有明显的萎黄病。我们的结论是,中等光照强度能促进 AsA 的合成,从而减少活性氧,最终使水稻秧苗保持绿色。
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引用次数: 0
Positive Effects of Exogenous Application of Nitric Oxide on Lipid Composition in Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. under Elevated Conditions of Chromium and EDTA 铬和乙二胺四乙酸升高条件下外源应用一氧化氮对柿树脂质组成的积极影响
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-07 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00150
Revathi Saravanan,  and , Subhashree Venugopal*, 

Heavy metal discharge is a major toxic environmental pollutant that creates highly unsustainable conditions for living organisms. They especially impact plants, where elevated concentrations of heavy metals deter growth and development. In addition, metal toxicity alters the cell membrane composition, which may lead to changes in its physiological activity. This study aims to analyze such alterations caused in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of cell membranes in the plant Sesbania grandiflora, under elevated concentrations of chromium. An experiment was carried out by spiking soil with different chromium concentrations, with and without the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In order to identify agents that combat toxicity created by heavy metals, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (a nitric oxide (NO) donor) was sprayed exogenously on the aerial part of the plant. The changes in the growth of the plant were observed over a period of 3 months, and the initial and final growth of the plant were compared at 30 and 90 days, respectively. GC–MS analysis was performed to identify the fatty acid methyl esters present in the chromium-contaminated plant samples. The experimental data depicted that the fatty acid content, phospholipid content, and glycolipid content decreased with rising concentration of chromium with EDTA, whereas toxicity was further controlled in plants supplied with exogenous nitric oxide through SNP. The lauric acid concentration increased in the presence of heavy metals and SNP compared to long-chain fatty acids. 20 C carbon eicosanoic fatty acids were present at higher levels than 18 C polyunsaturated fatty acids, showing the altered desaturase enzyme function and defective phospholipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Since the external application of SNP helps in alleviating chromium stress, this work highlights the usage of NO in effectively combating heavy metal stress in plants.

重金属排放是一种主要的有毒环境污染物,会给生物体造成非常难以承受的条件。它们对植物的影响尤为严重,高浓度的重金属会阻碍植物的生长和发育。此外,金属毒性会改变细胞膜的组成,从而导致其生理活性发生变化。本研究旨在分析在铬浓度升高的情况下,植物大花淫羊藿细胞膜的脂质含量和脂肪酸组成发生的变化。实验方法是在土壤中添加不同浓度的铬,同时添加或不添加乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。为了确定抗重金属毒性的物质,在植物的气生部分外源喷洒了硝普钠(SNP)(一氧化氮(NO)供体)。在 3 个月的时间内观察了植物的生长变化,并分别在 30 天和 90 天时对植物的初始生长和最终生长进行了比较。对铬污染植物样本中的脂肪酸甲酯进行了气相色谱-质谱分析。实验数据表明,脂肪酸含量、磷脂含量和糖脂含量随着 EDTA 中铬浓度的升高而降低,而通过 SNP 提供外源一氧化氮的植物的毒性得到了进一步控制。与长链脂肪酸相比,月桂酸浓度在重金属和 SNP 的作用下有所增加。20 C 碳二十碳脂肪酸的含量高于 18 C 多不饱和脂肪酸,这表明去饱和酶的功能发生了改变,内质网的磷脂合成出现了缺陷。由于外部施用 SNP 有助于缓解铬胁迫,这项工作突出了氮氧化物在有效对抗植物重金属胁迫方面的用途。
{"title":"Positive Effects of Exogenous Application of Nitric Oxide on Lipid Composition in Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. under Elevated Conditions of Chromium and EDTA","authors":"Revathi Saravanan,&nbsp; and ,&nbsp;Subhashree Venugopal*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00150","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00150","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heavy metal discharge is a major toxic environmental pollutant that creates highly unsustainable conditions for living organisms. They especially impact plants, where elevated concentrations of heavy metals deter growth and development. In addition, metal toxicity alters the cell membrane composition, which may lead to changes in its physiological activity. This study aims to analyze such alterations caused in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of cell membranes in the plant <i>Sesbania grandiflora</i>, under elevated concentrations of chromium. An experiment was carried out by spiking soil with different chromium concentrations, with and without the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In order to identify agents that combat toxicity created by heavy metals, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (a nitric oxide (NO) donor) was sprayed exogenously on the aerial part of the plant. The changes in the growth of the plant were observed over a period of 3 months, and the initial and final growth of the plant were compared at 30 and 90 days, respectively. GC–MS analysis was performed to identify the fatty acid methyl esters present in the chromium-contaminated plant samples. The experimental data depicted that the fatty acid content, phospholipid content, and glycolipid content decreased with rising concentration of chromium with EDTA, whereas toxicity was further controlled in plants supplied with exogenous nitric oxide through SNP. The lauric acid concentration increased in the presence of heavy metals and SNP compared to long-chain fatty acids. 20 C carbon eicosanoic fatty acids were present at higher levels than 18 C polyunsaturated fatty acids, showing the altered desaturase enzyme function and defective phospholipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Since the external application of SNP helps in alleviating chromium stress, this work highlights the usage of NO in effectively combating heavy metal stress in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 2","pages":"193–202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2): An Emerging Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Sensing and Removal of Agricultural Contaminants 二硫化钼(MoS2):用于传感和去除农业污染物的新兴多功能纳米材料
Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Pub Date : 2024-02-05 DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00476
Qirong Dong, Qingyi Wei* and Zhenghua Tang*, 

The pressure for agriculture security is a problem that affects human community at multiple levels, involving the production of agricultural commodities, the management of agricultural water and soil, and postharvest transport and storage. To date, agriculture security is increasingly becoming a challenge due to the abuse of chemicals, the indiscriminate discharge of wastewater, and the improper storage of agricultural products. As such, the determination and removal of hazardous contaminants in agricultural production chains are indispensable. As a fascinating semiconductor, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), with controllable structure, appealing photoelectric properties, and superior physicochemical stability, is regarded as a promising material for the control of agricultural contaminants. This critical review summarizes the synthetic strategies for MoS2 and related efforts for agricultural contaminant control. It begins with the synthetic methods of the materials based on different principles. Subsequently, the determination and removal strategies based on MoS2 and its composites are discussed. The third part focuses on the description of MoS2-based platforms for control of different agricultural contaminants (heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, antibiotics, and organic dyes). Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for MoS2 application in modern agriculture are discussed.

农业安全压力是一个在多个层面影响人类社会的问题,涉及农产品生产、农业用水和土壤管理以及收获后的运输和储存。迄今为止,由于化学品的滥用、废水的任意排放和农产品的不当储存,农业安全问题正日益成为一个挑战。因此,确定和清除农业生产链中的有害污染物是必不可少的。作为一种神奇的半导体,二硫化钼(MoS2)具有可控的结构、诱人的光电特性和优越的理化稳定性,被认为是一种很有前景的控制农业污染物的材料。这篇重要综述总结了 MoS2 的合成策略以及在农业污染物控制方面所做的相关努力。文章首先介绍了基于不同原理的材料合成方法。随后,讨论了基于 MoS2 及其复合材料的测定和去除策略。第三部分重点介绍了基于 MoS2 的不同农业污染物(重金属、农药、霉菌毒素、抗生素和有机染料)控制平台。最后,讨论了 MoS2 在现代农业中应用所面临的挑战和潜在机遇。
{"title":"Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2): An Emerging Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Sensing and Removal of Agricultural Contaminants","authors":"Qirong Dong,&nbsp;Qingyi Wei* and Zhenghua Tang*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00476","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00476","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The pressure for agriculture security is a problem that affects human community at multiple levels, involving the production of agricultural commodities, the management of agricultural water and soil, and postharvest transport and storage. To date, agriculture security is increasingly becoming a challenge due to the abuse of chemicals, the indiscriminate discharge of wastewater, and the improper storage of agricultural products. As such, the determination and removal of hazardous contaminants in agricultural production chains are indispensable. As a fascinating semiconductor, molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), with controllable structure, appealing photoelectric properties, and superior physicochemical stability, is regarded as a promising material for the control of agricultural contaminants. This critical review summarizes the synthetic strategies for MoS<sub>2</sub> and related efforts for agricultural contaminant control. It begins with the synthetic methods of the materials based on different principles. Subsequently, the determination and removal strategies based on MoS<sub>2</sub> and its composites are discussed. The third part focuses on the description of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based platforms for control of different agricultural contaminants (heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, antibiotics, and organic dyes). Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for MoS<sub>2</sub> application in modern agriculture are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 2","pages":"173–192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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