Pub Date : 2024-03-04DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00273
Arindam Malakar, Daniel D. Snow, Daran Rudnick, Bijesh Maharjan, Michael Kaiser and Chittaranjan Ray*,
Quantifying redox-driven changes in iron chemistry in irrigated semiarid to arid soils and their relevance for the availability of nutrients and contaminants is critical for global food security. Data across three growing seasons and two different soil types in semiarid to arid climates indicate site-independent peaks of reactive iron in soil aligned with peaks in irrigation events. The reactive iron formed during irrigation was short-lived, and the concentration was back at baseline during harvest. The significant (p < 0.01) increase of reactive iron ranging from 1589.0 ± 172.3 to 1898.0 ± 201.1 μg g–1 over the growing season triggered by reducing conditions due to transient water infiltration resulted in the mobilization of organic soil carbon and affected the mobility and plant availability of nitrogen, uranium, and arsenic. Porewater samples collected during irrigation events demonstrated increasing iron concentrations over time and positively correlated (p < 0.05) with arsenic and uranium levels. Geogenic arsenic mobilization into soil porewater during peak irrigation events contained significantly (p < 0.01) higher (∼90%) reduced inorganic arsenic species. Crop tissue analysis indicated that roots contained the highest concentrations of trace elements, followed by shoots and grains. Coupled (bio)geochemical redox cycles of iron, nutrients, and contaminants seem to play a critical but so far less recognized role for crop production in irrigated agroecosystems of semiarid to arid systems.
{"title":"Natural Reactive Iron Dynamics in the Agricultural Soil of Semiarid to Arid Systems","authors":"Arindam Malakar, Daniel D. Snow, Daran Rudnick, Bijesh Maharjan, Michael Kaiser and Chittaranjan Ray*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00273","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Quantifying redox-driven changes in iron chemistry in irrigated semiarid to arid soils and their relevance for the availability of nutrients and contaminants is critical for global food security. Data across three growing seasons and two different soil types in semiarid to arid climates indicate site-independent peaks of reactive iron in soil aligned with peaks in irrigation events. The reactive iron formed during irrigation was short-lived, and the concentration was back at baseline during harvest. The significant (<i>p</i> < 0.01) increase of reactive iron ranging from 1589.0 ± 172.3 to 1898.0 ± 201.1 μg g<sup>–1</sup> over the growing season triggered by reducing conditions due to transient water infiltration resulted in the mobilization of organic soil carbon and affected the mobility and plant availability of nitrogen, uranium, and arsenic. Porewater samples collected during irrigation events demonstrated increasing iron concentrations over time and positively correlated (<i>p</i> < 0.05) with arsenic and uranium levels. Geogenic arsenic mobilization into soil porewater during peak irrigation events contained significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher (∼90%) reduced inorganic arsenic species. Crop tissue analysis indicated that roots contained the highest concentrations of trace elements, followed by shoots and grains. Coupled (bio)geochemical redox cycles of iron, nutrients, and contaminants seem to play a critical but so far less recognized role for crop production in irrigated agroecosystems of semiarid to arid systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 3","pages":"307–316"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-28DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00466
Yuanxiang Li, Zi-Ye Zhang, Shuang-Yu Li, Xue-Yan Gong and Wen-Chao Yang*,
The two main types of cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), share similar structures and functions and are commonly present in biological environments. The activity of cholinesterase is closely related to pesticide residues; it is crucial to develop enzyme-inhibition-based fluorescent probes for pesticide residue detection. However, the discovery of a fluorescent probe that selectively targets one of these is consistently a formidable challenge. In this study, two kinds of fluorescent probes, HBT-A and HBT-B, were developed with 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) as the fluorophore, which can selectively distinguish AChE and BChE, respectively. Our probes (HBT-A for AChE and HBT-B for BChE) exhibited high sensitivity and specificity toward their respective analytes in cells and zebrafish. Finally, we used HBT-B as an example and demonstrated that it can be an effective tool for visualizing pesticide residues in living organisms, highlighting the potential application of the developed probes in environmental monitoring and food safety.
{"title":"Development of Cholinesterase-Activatable Fluorescent Probes for Pesticide Residue Detection","authors":"Yuanxiang Li, Zi-Ye Zhang, Shuang-Yu Li, Xue-Yan Gong and Wen-Chao Yang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00466","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The two main types of cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), share similar structures and functions and are commonly present in biological environments. The activity of cholinesterase is closely related to pesticide residues; it is crucial to develop enzyme-inhibition-based fluorescent probes for pesticide residue detection. However, the discovery of a fluorescent probe that selectively targets one of these is consistently a formidable challenge. In this study, two kinds of fluorescent probes, <b>HBT-A</b> and <b>HBT-B</b>, were developed with 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl) benzothiazole (HBT) as the fluorophore, which can selectively distinguish AChE and BChE, respectively. Our probes (<b>HBT-A</b> for AChE and <b>HBT-B</b> for BChE) exhibited high sensitivity and specificity toward their respective analytes in cells and zebrafish. Finally, we used <b>HBT-B</b> as an example and demonstrated that it can be an effective tool for visualizing pesticide residues in living organisms, highlighting the potential application of the developed probes in environmental monitoring and food safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 3","pages":"337–344"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-27DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00547
Leichuan Xu, Haoyun Ma, Xinkun An, Yihao Li, Daowan Lai, Ligang Zhou and Mingan Wang*,
A strategy for constructing an α-hydroxyl-α-acetonyl moiety was described for the total synthesis of guignardin A (1), 8-deoxypalmarumycin B9 (2), and palmarumycin B9 (3) via 7-, 8-, and 11-step reactions in 14.9, 1.5, and 0.4% overall yields from 5-methoxy-1-tetralone (1a), chroman-4-one (2a), and 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (3a) as the starting materials, respectively. The key steps included AlCl3- or NaSEt-mediated demethylation, Davis oxidation, and Wacker oxidation. Their structures were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and X-ray diffraction data. A series of spiromamakone A monobenzo derivatives were designed and synthesized by three diallyl-substituted byproducts via olefin metathesis as the key step. The antifungal investigation indicated that compounds 1l and 2n exhibited excellent inhibitory activities against phytopathogen Rhizoctonia solani with EC50 values of 8.68 and 5.25 μg/mL, respectively. Compound 2n had the destructive and inhibitory effects on the morphology and growth of the hyphae of R. solani.
{"title":"Total Synthesis and Biological Activity of (±)-Guignardin A, (±)-Palmarumycin B9, and Their Derivatives","authors":"Leichuan Xu, Haoyun Ma, Xinkun An, Yihao Li, Daowan Lai, Ligang Zhou and Mingan Wang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00547","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A strategy for constructing an α-hydroxyl-α-acetonyl moiety was described for the total synthesis of guignardin A (<b>1</b>), 8-deoxypalmarumycin B<sub>9</sub> (<b>2</b>), and palmarumycin B<sub>9</sub> (<b>3</b>) via 7-, 8-, and 11-step reactions in 14.9, 1.5, and 0.4% overall yields from 5-methoxy-1-tetralone (<b>1a</b>), chroman-4-one (<b>2a</b>), and 2,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (<b>3a</b>) as the starting materials, respectively. The key steps included AlCl<sub>3</sub>- or NaSEt-mediated demethylation, Davis oxidation, and Wacker oxidation. Their structures were characterized by <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and X-ray diffraction data. A series of spiromamakone A monobenzo derivatives were designed and synthesized by three diallyl-substituted byproducts via olefin metathesis as the key step. The antifungal investigation indicated that compounds <b>1l</b> and <b>2n</b> exhibited excellent inhibitory activities against phytopathogen <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> with EC<sub>50</sub> values of 8.68 and 5.25 μg/mL, respectively. Compound <b>2n</b> had the destructive and inhibitory effects on the morphology and growth of the hyphae of <i>R. solani</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 3","pages":"356–367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00284
Zeeshan Ali, Muhammad Naeem, Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed, Aqsa Hafeez, Baber Ali, Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz*, Rashid Iqbal*, Allah Ditta*, Islem Abid and Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa,
Rice is an important staple food crop, but in many countries, average rice yields are much lower than their yield potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phenotypic performance of diverse rice genotypes (310) for yield traits, identify high-yielding early-duration genotypes with greater partitioning efficiency, and classify the best and worst genotypes based on their performance in the 2019–20 growing season under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the traits between genotypes (p ≤ 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between grain yield plant–1 and flag leaf area, panicle grain weight, panicle length, number of spikelets panicle–1, spikelet fertility, number of grains panicle–1, 1000 grain weight, grain length, net photosynthesis, and water use efficiency. Principal component analysis indicated genetic variation between all genotypes. The cumulative genetic variation in the first two principal components (PCs) was 69.18% (PC1: 57.74% and PC2: 11.44%). PC1 added more toward yield and related traits to the separation of rice genotypes and contributed to the variability for 1000 grain weight (7.74%), spikelet fertility (7.56%), number of spikelets panicle–1 (7.54%), flag leaf area (7.41%), and shoot dry weight (7.13%). Projection in biplot analysis confirmed that all the best genotypes were opposite to only the worst genotype G-19 and all others were positively associated with each other. Thus, the selection of these traits which are positively related to grain yield and the selection of best genotypes in rice would be useful for improving yield. Diversity and association of physiological and yield-related traits could be useful to improve the crop through the selection of useful traits to increase productivity and meet the demand of the growing population.
{"title":"Diversity and Association Analysis of Physiological and Yield Indices in Rice Germplasm","authors":"Zeeshan Ali, Muhammad Naeem, Hafiz Ghulam Muhu-Din Ahmed, Aqsa Hafeez, Baber Ali, Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz*, Rashid Iqbal*, Allah Ditta*, Islem Abid and Abd El-Zaher M. A. Mustafa, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00284","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Rice is an important staple food crop, but in many countries, average rice yields are much lower than their yield potential. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the phenotypic performance of diverse rice genotypes (310) for yield traits, identify high-yielding early-duration genotypes with greater partitioning efficiency, and classify the best and worst genotypes based on their performance in the 2019–20 growing season under randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for all the traits between genotypes (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001). Correlation analysis revealed a significant correlation between grain yield plant<sup>–1</sup> and flag leaf area, panicle grain weight, panicle length, number of spikelets panicle<sup>–1</sup>, spikelet fertility, number of grains panicle<sup>–1</sup>, 1000 grain weight, grain length, net photosynthesis, and water use efficiency. Principal component analysis indicated genetic variation between all genotypes. The cumulative genetic variation in the first two principal components (PCs) was 69.18% (PC<sub>1</sub>: 57.74% and PC<sub>2</sub>: 11.44%). PC<sub>1</sub> added more toward yield and related traits to the separation of rice genotypes and contributed to the variability for 1000 grain weight (7.74%), spikelet fertility (7.56%), number of spikelets panicle<sup>–1</sup> (7.54%), flag leaf area (7.41%), and shoot dry weight (7.13%). Projection in biplot analysis confirmed that all the best genotypes were opposite to only the worst genotype G-19 and all others were positively associated with each other. Thus, the selection of these traits which are positively related to grain yield and the selection of best genotypes in rice would be useful for improving yield. Diversity and association of physiological and yield-related traits could be useful to improve the crop through the selection of useful traits to increase productivity and meet the demand of the growing population.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 3","pages":"317–329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00284","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00564
Muhammad Aurangzeib, Shaoliang Zhang*, Sihua Yan, Jianhong Zhou, Xiaoguang Niu, Pengke Yan and Jiuqi Wang,
Biochar has been widely used to improve the properties of acidic soil properties. However, the effectiveness of biochar in acidic soil properties was debated and has been less focused on in previous reviews. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the importance of the biochar pyrolysis temperature (BPT) and the effect of biochar properties on acidic soil properties. The Pearson correlation and a meta-analysis involving the data obtained from 50 peer-reviewed publications showed that BPT has a significant positive correlation with biochar pH (BpH), biochar total carbon, biochar ash (BAs), and the biochar carbon to nitrogen ratio (BC/N), and a significant negative correlation with biochar total nitrogen (BN). The biochar feedstock straw was more effective in increasing the acidic soil pH (SpH), soil electrical conductivity (SEC), soil available phosphorus (SAP), and soil organic matter (SOM). The biochar application rates ≥ 80 t ha–1 significantly increased the acidic SpH, soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil available potassium (SAK), and SOM. The BpH ≥ 10 increased all the observed acidic soil properties except SEC. The BC/N 30–45 significantly increased SAN, SAP, and SOM, while the BC/N ≤ 30 was more effective at increasing SpH and SAK. The relationship of BN, biochar total phosphorus, and biochar total potassium with soil properties was inconsistent except that BN ≥ 1% not only increased the SAN but also increased the SAP and SAK. Except for SAK, BAs ≤ 15 significantly increased all observed soil properties. According to the PLS-SEM, BPT affects biochar properties and then affects soil properties (P < 0.05). Generally, the application of biochar in acidic soil increases all the observed soil properties according to the grand mean total effect size. This article gives us a clear image that if the SpH < 7, then BPT ≥ 800, BF straw, and BpH > 10 can be used to improve the acidic soil properties.
{"title":"Biochar Application Can Improve Most of the Chemical Properties of Acidic Soils: A Global Meta-Analysis","authors":"Muhammad Aurangzeib, Shaoliang Zhang*, Sihua Yan, Jianhong Zhou, Xiaoguang Niu, Pengke Yan and Jiuqi Wang, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00564","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biochar has been widely used to improve the properties of acidic soil properties. However, the effectiveness of biochar in acidic soil properties was debated and has been less focused on in previous reviews. The present meta-analysis aimed to determine the importance of the biochar pyrolysis temperature (BPT) and the effect of biochar properties on acidic soil properties. The Pearson correlation and a meta-analysis involving the data obtained from 50 peer-reviewed publications showed that BPT has a significant positive correlation with biochar pH (BpH), biochar total carbon, biochar ash (BAs), and the biochar carbon to nitrogen ratio (BC/N), and a significant negative correlation with biochar total nitrogen (BN). The biochar feedstock straw was more effective in increasing the acidic soil pH (SpH), soil electrical conductivity (SEC), soil available phosphorus (SAP), and soil organic matter (SOM). The biochar application rates ≥ 80 t ha<sup>–1</sup> significantly increased the acidic SpH, soil available nitrogen (SAN), soil available potassium (SAK), and SOM. The BpH ≥ 10 increased all the observed acidic soil properties except SEC. The BC/N 30–45 significantly increased SAN, SAP, and SOM, while the BC/N ≤ 30 was more effective at increasing SpH and SAK. The relationship of BN, biochar total phosphorus, and biochar total potassium with soil properties was inconsistent except that BN ≥ 1% not only increased the SAN but also increased the SAP and SAK. Except for SAK, BAs ≤ 15 significantly increased all observed soil properties. According to the PLS-SEM, BPT affects biochar properties and then affects soil properties (<i>P</i> < 0.05). Generally, the application of biochar in acidic soil increases all the observed soil properties according to the grand mean total effect size. This article gives us a clear image that if the SpH < 7, then BPT ≥ 800, BF straw, and BpH > 10 can be used to improve the acidic soil properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 3","pages":"292–306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140145068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-13DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00426
Brent Brower-Toland, Julia L. Stevens, Lyle Ralston, Kevin Kosola and Thomas L. Slewinski*,
The impacts of climate change, particularly extreme weather events, will increase the likelihood of crop failure in the future. As such, the need for the development of climate-resilient crops that increase agricultural efficiency and sustain sustainable land use is critical to food security. Conservation agriculture, including practices such as reduced tillage, continuous cover, and crop rotation, provides a foundation for safeguarding agricultural systems. To support the widespread adoption of these practices, it will be necessary to make technological advancements through machinery breakthroughs, automation, advanced genetics, and biotechnology. Here we review approaches that integrate biotechnology and new breeding techniques to protect the yield into a conservation framework to accelerate sustainable intensification. By designing crops to function in the optimal planting configurations, improved crop rotational systems, and smart soil nutrient management, we can grow even more with less.
{"title":"A Crucial Role for Technology in Sustainable Agriculture","authors":"Brent Brower-Toland, Julia L. Stevens, Lyle Ralston, Kevin Kosola and Thomas L. Slewinski*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00426","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00426","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The impacts of climate change, particularly extreme weather events, will increase the likelihood of crop failure in the future. As such, the need for the development of climate-resilient crops that increase agricultural efficiency and sustain sustainable land use is critical to food security. Conservation agriculture, including practices such as reduced tillage, continuous cover, and crop rotation, provides a foundation for safeguarding agricultural systems. To support the widespread adoption of these practices, it will be necessary to make technological advancements through machinery breakthroughs, automation, advanced genetics, and biotechnology. Here we review approaches that integrate biotechnology and new breeding techniques to protect the yield into a conservation framework to accelerate sustainable intensification. By designing crops to function in the optimal planting configurations, improved crop rotational systems, and smart soil nutrient management, we can grow even more with less.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 3","pages":"283–291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00426","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139780586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00469
Eban A. Hanna, Carlos E. Astete, Trey Price, Carlos Tamez, Omar E. Mendez, Alvaro Garcia, Fannyuy V. Kewir, Jason C. White and Cristina M. Sabliov*,
Zein nanoparticles (ZNP) (189.4 ± 2.0 nm, +25.7 ± 0.9 mV) and lignin nanoparticles (LNP) (173.6 ± 0.9 nm, – 56.5 ± 2.8 mV) with loaded azoxystrobin (AZO) (5.2 ± 0.8 and 5.5 ± 0.7 wt %, respectively) were designed as antifungal delivery systems for seed treatments. Both particles followed pseudo-first-order kinetics for AZO release at 25 °C, with AZO releasing faster from ZNP. AZO-entrapped ZNP treatments produced the greatest yield (41.15 bushels), followed by empty LNP (40.35 bushels) for inoculated samples; these findings were comparable to yields achieved with the commercial AZO formulation, Dynasty. The stand per row feet for inoculated plants were significantly higher than the control, with the highest being Dynasty, AZO-entrapped ZNP, and AZO-entrapped LNP treatments (3.90, 3.74, and 2.53, respectively). All treatments, excluding empty ZNP, resulted in a statistically significant increase in yield and stand per row feet compared to the nontreated plants. ZNPs and LNPs developed herein for AZO delivery can be used as alternative and sustainable solutions for the delivery of other agrochemicals.
{"title":"Antifungal Efficacy of Nanodelivered Azoxystrobin against Rhizoctonia solani in Soybean (Glycine max)","authors":"Eban A. Hanna, Carlos E. Astete, Trey Price, Carlos Tamez, Omar E. Mendez, Alvaro Garcia, Fannyuy V. Kewir, Jason C. White and Cristina M. Sabliov*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00469","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00469","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Zein nanoparticles (ZNP) (189.4 ± 2.0 nm, +25.7 ± 0.9 mV) and lignin nanoparticles (LNP) (173.6 ± 0.9 nm, – 56.5 ± 2.8 mV) with loaded azoxystrobin (AZO) (5.2 ± 0.8 and 5.5 ± 0.7 wt %, respectively) were designed as antifungal delivery systems for seed treatments. Both particles followed pseudo-first-order kinetics for AZO release at 25 °C, with AZO releasing faster from ZNP. AZO-entrapped ZNP treatments produced the greatest yield (41.15 bushels), followed by empty LNP (40.35 bushels) for inoculated samples; these findings were comparable to yields achieved with the commercial AZO formulation, Dynasty. The stand per row feet for inoculated plants were significantly higher than the control, with the highest being Dynasty, AZO-entrapped ZNP, and AZO-entrapped LNP treatments (3.90, 3.74, and 2.53, respectively). All treatments, excluding empty ZNP, resulted in a statistically significant increase in yield and stand per row feet compared to the nontreated plants. ZNPs and LNPs developed herein for AZO delivery can be used as alternative and sustainable solutions for the delivery of other agrochemicals.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 3","pages":"330–336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/epdf/10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00469","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chlorosis is a crucial factor affecting the normal growth of rice seedlings. Light intensity can significantly control chlorosis, but uncertainty about the key factors of chlorosis caused by light intensity still exists. The purpose of this work is to determine what causes the light intensity to affect chlorosis. Xiangzaoxian 24 was used as the test material to investigate the effects of light intensity on rice seedlings by setting five light intensity treatments, T1 (50 μmol m–2 s–1), T2 (100 μmol m–2 s–1), T3 (250 μmol m–2 s–1), T4 (500 μmol m–2 s–1), and T5 (750 μmol m–2 s–1). In this study, chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid (AsA) content, and related gene expression levels decreased, but the H2O2 content increased under lower or higher light intensity. Moreover, there was obvious chlorosis in rice seedlings in it. But there was no obvious chlorosis in rice seedlings at medium light intensity. We concluded that medium light intensity could promote AsA synthesis and thus reduce reactive oxygen species, and ultimately the rice seedlings stay green.
{"title":"Response of Chlorosis and Growth to Light Intensity in Rice Seedlings","authors":"Chengzhu Tang, Xiaojuan Zhang, Yuanyuan Zhao, Letong Li, Jiaqi Wei, Zhe Yang, Xing Chen, Huabin Zheng, Zhi Zhou, Wenbang Tang* and Mao Xia*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00461","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00461","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chlorosis is a crucial factor affecting the normal growth of rice seedlings. Light intensity can significantly control chlorosis, but uncertainty about the key factors of chlorosis caused by light intensity still exists. The purpose of this work is to determine what causes the light intensity to affect chlorosis. Xiangzaoxian 24 was used as the test material to investigate the effects of light intensity on rice seedlings by setting five light intensity treatments, T1 (50 μmol m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>), T2 (100 μmol m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>), T3 (250 μmol m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>), T4 (500 μmol m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>), and T5 (750 μmol m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>). In this study, chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid (AsA) content, and related gene expression levels decreased, but the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> content increased under lower or higher light intensity. Moreover, there was obvious chlorosis in rice seedlings in it. But there was no obvious chlorosis in rice seedlings at medium light intensity. We concluded that medium light intensity could promote AsA synthesis and thus reduce reactive oxygen species, and ultimately the rice seedlings stay green.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 2","pages":"234–243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139791414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-07DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00150
Revathi Saravanan, and , Subhashree Venugopal*,
Heavy metal discharge is a major toxic environmental pollutant that creates highly unsustainable conditions for living organisms. They especially impact plants, where elevated concentrations of heavy metals deter growth and development. In addition, metal toxicity alters the cell membrane composition, which may lead to changes in its physiological activity. This study aims to analyze such alterations caused in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of cell membranes in the plant Sesbania grandiflora, under elevated concentrations of chromium. An experiment was carried out by spiking soil with different chromium concentrations, with and without the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In order to identify agents that combat toxicity created by heavy metals, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (a nitric oxide (NO) donor) was sprayed exogenously on the aerial part of the plant. The changes in the growth of the plant were observed over a period of 3 months, and the initial and final growth of the plant were compared at 30 and 90 days, respectively. GC–MS analysis was performed to identify the fatty acid methyl esters present in the chromium-contaminated plant samples. The experimental data depicted that the fatty acid content, phospholipid content, and glycolipid content decreased with rising concentration of chromium with EDTA, whereas toxicity was further controlled in plants supplied with exogenous nitric oxide through SNP. The lauric acid concentration increased in the presence of heavy metals and SNP compared to long-chain fatty acids. 20 C carbon eicosanoic fatty acids were present at higher levels than 18 C polyunsaturated fatty acids, showing the altered desaturase enzyme function and defective phospholipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Since the external application of SNP helps in alleviating chromium stress, this work highlights the usage of NO in effectively combating heavy metal stress in plants.
重金属排放是一种主要的有毒环境污染物,会给生物体造成非常难以承受的条件。它们对植物的影响尤为严重,高浓度的重金属会阻碍植物的生长和发育。此外,金属毒性会改变细胞膜的组成,从而导致其生理活性发生变化。本研究旨在分析在铬浓度升高的情况下,植物大花淫羊藿细胞膜的脂质含量和脂肪酸组成发生的变化。实验方法是在土壤中添加不同浓度的铬,同时添加或不添加乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)。为了确定抗重金属毒性的物质,在植物的气生部分外源喷洒了硝普钠(SNP)(一氧化氮(NO)供体)。在 3 个月的时间内观察了植物的生长变化,并分别在 30 天和 90 天时对植物的初始生长和最终生长进行了比较。对铬污染植物样本中的脂肪酸甲酯进行了气相色谱-质谱分析。实验数据表明,脂肪酸含量、磷脂含量和糖脂含量随着 EDTA 中铬浓度的升高而降低,而通过 SNP 提供外源一氧化氮的植物的毒性得到了进一步控制。与长链脂肪酸相比,月桂酸浓度在重金属和 SNP 的作用下有所增加。20 C 碳二十碳脂肪酸的含量高于 18 C 多不饱和脂肪酸,这表明去饱和酶的功能发生了改变,内质网的磷脂合成出现了缺陷。由于外部施用 SNP 有助于缓解铬胁迫,这项工作突出了氮氧化物在有效对抗植物重金属胁迫方面的用途。
{"title":"Positive Effects of Exogenous Application of Nitric Oxide on Lipid Composition in Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers. under Elevated Conditions of Chromium and EDTA","authors":"Revathi Saravanan, and , Subhashree Venugopal*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00150","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00150","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heavy metal discharge is a major toxic environmental pollutant that creates highly unsustainable conditions for living organisms. They especially impact plants, where elevated concentrations of heavy metals deter growth and development. In addition, metal toxicity alters the cell membrane composition, which may lead to changes in its physiological activity. This study aims to analyze such alterations caused in the lipid content and fatty acid composition of cell membranes in the plant <i>Sesbania grandiflora</i>, under elevated concentrations of chromium. An experiment was carried out by spiking soil with different chromium concentrations, with and without the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In order to identify agents that combat toxicity created by heavy metals, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (a nitric oxide (NO) donor) was sprayed exogenously on the aerial part of the plant. The changes in the growth of the plant were observed over a period of 3 months, and the initial and final growth of the plant were compared at 30 and 90 days, respectively. GC–MS analysis was performed to identify the fatty acid methyl esters present in the chromium-contaminated plant samples. The experimental data depicted that the fatty acid content, phospholipid content, and glycolipid content decreased with rising concentration of chromium with EDTA, whereas toxicity was further controlled in plants supplied with exogenous nitric oxide through SNP. The lauric acid concentration increased in the presence of heavy metals and SNP compared to long-chain fatty acids. 20 C carbon eicosanoic fatty acids were present at higher levels than 18 C polyunsaturated fatty acids, showing the altered desaturase enzyme function and defective phospholipid synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Since the external application of SNP helps in alleviating chromium stress, this work highlights the usage of NO in effectively combating heavy metal stress in plants.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 2","pages":"193–202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139797345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00476
Qirong Dong, Qingyi Wei* and Zhenghua Tang*,
The pressure for agriculture security is a problem that affects human community at multiple levels, involving the production of agricultural commodities, the management of agricultural water and soil, and postharvest transport and storage. To date, agriculture security is increasingly becoming a challenge due to the abuse of chemicals, the indiscriminate discharge of wastewater, and the improper storage of agricultural products. As such, the determination and removal of hazardous contaminants in agricultural production chains are indispensable. As a fascinating semiconductor, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), with controllable structure, appealing photoelectric properties, and superior physicochemical stability, is regarded as a promising material for the control of agricultural contaminants. This critical review summarizes the synthetic strategies for MoS2 and related efforts for agricultural contaminant control. It begins with the synthetic methods of the materials based on different principles. Subsequently, the determination and removal strategies based on MoS2 and its composites are discussed. The third part focuses on the description of MoS2-based platforms for control of different agricultural contaminants (heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, antibiotics, and organic dyes). Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for MoS2 application in modern agriculture are discussed.
{"title":"Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2): An Emerging Multifunctional Nanomaterial for Sensing and Removal of Agricultural Contaminants","authors":"Qirong Dong, Qingyi Wei* and Zhenghua Tang*, ","doi":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00476","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acsagscitech.3c00476","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The pressure for agriculture security is a problem that affects human community at multiple levels, involving the production of agricultural commodities, the management of agricultural water and soil, and postharvest transport and storage. To date, agriculture security is increasingly becoming a challenge due to the abuse of chemicals, the indiscriminate discharge of wastewater, and the improper storage of agricultural products. As such, the determination and removal of hazardous contaminants in agricultural production chains are indispensable. As a fascinating semiconductor, molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), with controllable structure, appealing photoelectric properties, and superior physicochemical stability, is regarded as a promising material for the control of agricultural contaminants. This critical review summarizes the synthetic strategies for MoS<sub>2</sub> and related efforts for agricultural contaminant control. It begins with the synthetic methods of the materials based on different principles. Subsequently, the determination and removal strategies based on MoS<sub>2</sub> and its composites are discussed. The third part focuses on the description of MoS<sub>2</sub>-based platforms for control of different agricultural contaminants (heavy metals, pesticides, mycotoxins, antibiotics, and organic dyes). Finally, the challenges and potential opportunities for MoS<sub>2</sub> application in modern agriculture are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":93846,"journal":{"name":"ACS agricultural science & technology","volume":"4 2","pages":"173–192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139802982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}