Anales de pediatria最新文献

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Adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination in the pediatric population in Spain. 西班牙儿童COVID-19疫苗接种后的不良事件

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-02-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2026.504088

M Ángeles Rivas Paterna, Carla Pérez Ingidua, Ana B Rivas Paterna, David Ortega Martínez, Esther Aleo Luján, Emilio Vargas Castrillón

Introduction: In December 2021, Spain launched its COVID-19 vaccination campaign for children aged 5-11 years. Although the Comirnaty® vaccine exhibited a favorable safety profile in premarketing trials, its rapid deployment and novel mRNA technology raised concerns among the public, leading to parental hesitancy. Real-world postmarketing data are limited but crucial for guiding clinical and public health policy decisions.

Objective: To assess the incidence and nature of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) following pediatric COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: Prospective, observational and descriptive study cconducted at a tertiary care hospital in Spain. The sample consisted of a total of 2126 children aged 5-11 years. Data on ADRs were collected through telephone interviews, health record reviews and institutional registries. An expert committee evaluated each ADR using predefined criteria for causality and severity.

Results: Overall, 35.6% of participants reported at least one ADR, totaling 1437 reactions. Most were mild (99.5%) and resolved spontaneously. Only one case was classified as severe. The most common ADRs were injection site pain (57.1%), fever (11.1%) and headache (5.7%). There was no evidence of increased reactogenicity after the second dose. Of all ADRs, 65.1% were considered «definite» or «probable.» CONCLUSIONS: The Comirnaty® vaccine maintains a favorable safety profile in children under real-world conditions, with predominantly mild, self-limiting reactions and minimal need for medical care.

2021年12月，西班牙启动了针对5-11岁儿童的COVID-19疫苗接种运动。尽管Comirnaty®疫苗在上市前试验中显示出良好的安全性，但其快速部署和新型mRNA技术引起了公众的担忧，导致家长犹豫不决。真实的上市后数据有限，但对指导临床和公共卫生政策决策至关重要。目的：了解小儿COVID-19疫苗接种后药物不良反应（adr）的发生率和性质。方法：在西班牙一家三级医院进行前瞻性、观察性和描述性研究。样本包括2126名5-11岁的儿童。通过电话访谈、健康记录审查和机构登记收集有关不良反应的数据。专家委员会使用预先确定的因果关系和严重程度标准对每个ADR进行评估。结果：总体而言，35.6%的参与者报告了至少一个不良反应，总计1437个反应。大多数为轻度（99.5%），自行消退。只有一例被列为严重病例。最常见的不良反应是注射部位疼痛（57.1%）、发热（11.1%）和头痛（5.7%）。没有证据表明第二次注射后反应性增加。在所有不良反应中，65.1%被认为是“确定的”或“可能的”。»结论：Comirnaty®疫苗在现实条件下的儿童中保持良好的安全性，主要是轻微的、自限性的反应，并且对医疗护理的需求最小。

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引用次数: 0

Research and scientific publication in Pediatrics in Spain. The editorial committee's view. 西班牙儿科研究和科学出版物。编辑委员会的观点。

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2026.504126

Montserrat Antón-Gamero, Alejandro Avila-Alvarez, Josep Vicent Balaguer-Martínez, Mercedes Bueno Campaña, Rafael Galera-Martínez

引用次数: 0

Direct view through smart glasses guided vascular cannulation. Is it feasible? Will it be useful? 通过智能眼镜引导血管插管直接观察。这可行吗？它有用吗？

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2026.504104

Carmen Espinosa Pereiro, Rita García Fernández, Miguel A Rodríguez Vargas, Luis Crego Rodríguez, Antonio Rodríguez Núñez

引用次数: 0

Neurodegeneration in Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis: beyond a Sequela. 朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增多症的神经退行性变：超出后遗症。

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2026.504058

Vicente Santa-María López, Ignacio Gutiérrez-Carrasco, Antonio Pérez-Martínez, Carmen Rodríguez-Vigil Iturrate, Susana García-Obregón, Mikael Lorite Reggiori, Thais Murciano Carrillo, Lorena Valero-Arrese, Montse Torrent, Itziar Astigarraga

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare inflammatory myeloid neoplasm with heterogeneous organ and system involvement. Neurodegenerative LCH (ND-LDH) is an uncommon late manifestation with progressive clinical and radiological features, substantial morbidity and an unpredictable course. Historically it was considered a paraneoplastic sequela for which treatment was largely ineffective. Multisystemic disease, central diabetes and orbital and/or skull base bone lesions are risk factors associated with the development of ND-LCH. Early diagnosis, guided by clinical, radiological, electrophysiological and neurocognitive evaluations, may enable timely treatment to halt or slow its progression. Recent identification of activating mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and the development of murine models have redefined ND-LCH as an active neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative form of LCH, changing our understanding of its etiopathogenesis and identifying novel risk factors and targets for therapy.

朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症（LCH）是一种罕见的炎性髓系肿瘤，累及多器官和系统。神经退行性LCH （ND-LDH）是一种罕见的晚期表现，具有进行性临床和放射学特征，发病率高，病程不可预测。从历史上看，它被认为是一种治疗基本上无效的副肿瘤后遗症。多系统疾病、中枢性糖尿病、眼眶和/或颅底骨病变是ND-LCH发生的危险因素。在临床、放射学、电生理和神经认知评估的指导下进行早期诊断，可以及时治疗，阻止或减缓其进展。最近发现的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（MAPK）通路的激活突变和小鼠模型的发展将ND-LCH重新定义为LCH的活动性神经炎症和神经退行性形式，改变了我们对其发病机制的理解，并确定了新的危险因素和治疗靶点。

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引用次数: 0

Lower limb muscle herniation in an adolescent. 青少年下肢肌肉突出症。

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-01-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2026.504062

Lidia Jiménez García, Javier Vicente Hernández, Jorge Andrés López-Torrijos Florez, Gabriela Valentina Cattabriga León

引用次数: 0

Miliaria crystallina after severe neonatal hypernatremic dehydration. 新生儿严重高钠血症性脱水后结晶粟疹。

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2025.504080

Lorea Vicente Elcano, Laura Valladares Salado, Ana María Sánchez Torres, Carlos Zozaya Nieto

引用次数: 0

Uncovering ischemic stroke: The heart as key. 揭示缺血性中风：心脏是关键。

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2025.504081

Joana Afonso Neto, Catarina Almeida, Joana Lima, Raquel Sousa

引用次数: 0

Reply to “terminology and respect in addressing vaccine hesitancy” 答复“解决疫苗犹豫的术语和尊重”。

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2025.504076

Roi Piñeiro-Pérez

引用次数: 0

Pediatric radiology: Current perspectives and future directions 儿童放射学：当前观点和未来方向。

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2025.504110

Élida Vázquez Méndez

引用次数: 0

Update on pharmacogenetics in pediatrics 儿科药物遗传学最新进展。

Anales de pediatria

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2025.503936

Irene Taladriz-Sender, Sara Salvador-Martín, Paula Zapata-Cobo, Luis Andrés López-Fernández, María Sanjurjo-Sáez, Xandra García-González

The implementation of pharmacogenetics in Spain has experienced a significant boost in the last year, driven by the update of the genetic services portfolio of the National Health System, the national Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) biomarker database and the development and update of clinical guidelines by scientific societies and expert groups. However, the scope of this implementation is quite limited in the pediatric population because most studies do not include children, which in turn means that, in many cases, guidelines do not specify what to do in this population. This article reviews the tests included in the Common Portfolio of Genetic Services, drugs with pharmacogenetic recommendations in technical data sheets, and the main global and national pharmacogenetic guidelines, extracting and analyzing the existing information for the pediatric population. Drug-gene pairs with greater use in pediatrics are presented in more detail, such as proton pump inhibitors and CYP2C19, Abacavir, allopurinol, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and phenytoin with HLA-A and HLA-B genes, voriconazole and CYP2C19, tacrolimus and CYP3A5, aminoglycosides and MT-RNR1, thiopurines and TMPT/NUDT15, or atomoxetine and CYP2D6. Despite current limitations, the use of pharmacogenetics in pediatrics can and should be implemented in those cases where regulatory agencies and/or scientific societies recommend it.

由于国家卫生系统遗传服务组合的更新、国家产品特征摘要（SmPC）生物标志物数据库的更新以及科学学会和专家组制定和更新临床指南，西班牙的药物遗传学实施在去年得到了显著推动。然而，这种实施的范围在儿科人群中是相当有限的，因为大多数研究不包括儿童，这反过来意味着，在许多情况下，指导方针没有指定在这一人群中做什么。本文回顾了遗传服务共同组合中包含的检测、技术数据表中药物遗传学建议的药物以及主要的全球和国家药物遗传学指南，提取并分析了儿科人群的现有信息。更详细地介绍了在儿科中使用较多的药物基因对，如质子泵抑制剂和CYP2C19，阿巴卡韦、别嘌呤醇、卡马西平、奥卡西平和苯妥英具有HLA-A和HLA-B基因，伏立康唑和CYP2C19，他克莫司和CYP3A5，氨基糖苷类药物和MT-RNR1，硫嘌呤和TMPT/NUDT15，或托莫西汀和CYP2D6。尽管目前存在局限性，但在监管机构和/或科学协会推荐的情况下，儿科药物遗传学的使用可以而且应该得到实施。

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