Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100542
Nadia Hartini Suhaimi , Norwahyu Jusoh , Boon Kar Yap , Mohammad Nur-E-Alam , Nonni Soraya Sambudi , Li Sze Lai , Amir Izzuddin Adnan
Polymer-filler incompatibility and interface defects are key challenges faced in hybrid membranes, hindering the effective separation performance in CO2 separation applications. Ligand modification on the metal-organic framework (MOF)-based filler is a beneficial approach to overcome these challenges by creating hydrogen bonding, which positively impacts the interfacial compatibility. This review aims to elucidate the role of amine-functionalization (-NH2) by discussing available synthesis techniques, its influence on the physicochemical properties of modified fillers, and macroscopic separation performance. Additionally, this review specifically highlights the NH2 group interactions at the filler-polymer-gas interface, which contribute to positive CO2 separation performance. Besides, the key challenges associated with adding amine-functionalized MOF-based filler within hybrid membranes are outlined, along with adaptive measures proposed in tackling these challenges. Overall, this review highlights the role of –NH₂ ligand modification in amine-functionalized MOF-based hybrid membranes, emphasizing current progress and outlining future potential to advance research in CO₂ separation technologies.
{"title":"Amine-functionalized MOF-based hybrid membranes for CO₂ separation: Molecular interactions and separation performance","authors":"Nadia Hartini Suhaimi , Norwahyu Jusoh , Boon Kar Yap , Mohammad Nur-E-Alam , Nonni Soraya Sambudi , Li Sze Lai , Amir Izzuddin Adnan","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100542","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100542","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer-filler incompatibility and interface defects are key challenges faced in hybrid membranes, hindering the effective separation performance in CO<sub>2</sub> separation applications. Ligand modification on the metal-organic framework (MOF)-based filler is a beneficial approach to overcome these challenges by creating hydrogen bonding, which positively impacts the interfacial compatibility. This review aims to elucidate the role of amine-functionalization (-NH<sub>2</sub>) by discussing available synthesis techniques, its influence on the physicochemical properties of modified fillers, and macroscopic separation performance. Additionally, this review specifically highlights the NH<sub>2</sub> group interactions at the filler-polymer-gas interface, which contribute to positive CO<sub>2</sub> separation performance. Besides, the key challenges associated with adding amine-functionalized MOF-based filler within hybrid membranes are outlined, along with adaptive measures proposed in tackling these challenges. Overall, this review highlights the role of –NH₂ ligand modification in amine-functionalized MOF-based hybrid membranes, emphasizing current progress and outlining future potential to advance research in CO₂ separation technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-15DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100544
C. Özgen Karacan
Residual oil zones (ROZs) can offer significant oil resources via enhanced oil recovery (EOR) as well as subsurface carbon dioxide (CO2) retention during injection. If injected CO2 is anthropogenic, the ROZs can offer a substantial geologic storage potential. The ROZs below the oil/water contact (OWC) of main pay zones (MPZ) in conventional reservoirs or brownfields, are more commonly developed for CO2 injection and oil production and reported in the literature. However, CO2-EOR in greenfield ROZs, reservoirs without a MPZ present, have rarely been developed for CO2-EOR operation. The Tall Cotton Field of West Texas, Permian Basin, which started production in 2015 (Phase 1) and expanded in 2017 (Phase 2) from the San Andres Limestone, is one of the first examples of greenfield ROZs developed for EOR by injecting CO2.
This paper analyses EOR and CO2 retention performance of Tall Cotton Field using allocated injection and production data from inverted 5-spot well patterns of Phase-1 and -2 developments. Production and injection data allocated to each of the 28 identified patterns (nine 20-acre patterns for Phase-1, three 20-acre and sixteen 10-acre patterns for Phase-2) were analyzed for historical and forecasted oil recovery using ratio-trend decline analysis, and for CO2 retention performance of the patterns. The allocated data were further used to calculate injected reservoir pore volume and void replacement ratios (VRR) for the analysis period. Quantitative results indicated that oil recovery factors of the 5-spot patterns varied between 4–10 %, and 5–30 % between the end of injection and the forecast periods, respectively. Storage of CO2, on the other hand, increased to a mean value of ∼7130 MMscf per pattern in Phase-1 and to a mean storage of 3700 MMscf per pattern in Phase-2 until the end of injection, followed by a decline after the end of injection and into the forecast period. Resulting CO2 utilization factors ∼6–50 Mscf/bbl were estimated at the end of injection. Overall, presented results suggested that developing greenfield ROZs for CO2-EOR can be as promising as brownfield ROZs and mature MPZs for EOR and underground storage of injected CO2. For Tall Cotton Field, results suggest that Phase-2 patterns generally outperformed Phase-1 for oil recovery factors, while Phase-1 performed better in CO2 retention performance metrics. This is the first study in the literature that reports a detailed CO2-EOR performance analysis of a greenfield ROZ in the Permian Basin, which can potentially allow for comparison with MPZs and brownfield ROZs.
{"title":"Performance analysis of oil recovery and CO2 retention in a greenfield residual oil zone: CO2-EOR in Tall Cotton Field (Permian Basin, West Texas, USA)","authors":"C. Özgen Karacan","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100544","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100544","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Residual oil zones (ROZs) can offer significant oil resources via enhanced oil recovery (EOR) as well as subsurface carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) retention during injection. If injected CO<sub>2</sub> is anthropogenic, the ROZs can offer a substantial geologic storage potential. The ROZs below the oil/water contact (OWC) of main pay zones (MPZ) in conventional reservoirs or brownfields, are more commonly developed for CO<sub>2</sub> injection and oil production and reported in the literature. However, CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR in greenfield ROZs, reservoirs without a MPZ present, have rarely been developed for CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR operation. The Tall Cotton Field of West Texas, Permian Basin, which started production in 2015 (Phase 1) and expanded in 2017 (Phase 2) from the San Andres Limestone, is one of the first examples of greenfield ROZs developed for EOR by injecting CO<sub>2</sub>.</div><div>This paper analyses EOR and CO<sub>2</sub> retention performance of Tall Cotton Field using allocated injection and production data from inverted 5-spot well patterns of Phase-1 and -2 developments. Production and injection data allocated to each of the 28 identified patterns (nine 20-acre patterns for Phase-1, three 20-acre and sixteen 10-acre patterns for Phase-2) were analyzed for historical and forecasted oil recovery using ratio-trend decline analysis, and for CO<sub>2</sub> retention performance of the patterns. The allocated data were further used to calculate injected reservoir pore volume and void replacement ratios (VRR) for the analysis period. Quantitative results indicated that oil recovery factors of the 5-spot patterns varied between 4–10 %, and 5–30 % between the end of injection and the forecast periods, respectively. Storage of CO<sub>2</sub>, on the other hand, increased to a mean value of ∼7130 MMscf per pattern in Phase-1 and to a mean storage of 3700 MMscf per pattern in Phase-2 until the end of injection, followed by a decline after the end of injection and into the forecast period. Resulting CO<sub>2</sub> utilization factors ∼6–50 Mscf/bbl were estimated at the end of injection. Overall, presented results suggested that developing greenfield ROZs for CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR can be as promising as brownfield ROZs and mature MPZs for EOR and underground storage of injected CO<sub>2</sub>. For Tall Cotton Field, results suggest that Phase-2 patterns generally outperformed Phase-1 for oil recovery factors, while Phase-1 performed better in CO<sub>2</sub> retention performance metrics. This is the first study in the literature that reports a detailed CO<sub>2</sub>-EOR performance analysis of a greenfield ROZ in the Permian Basin, which can potentially allow for comparison with MPZs and brownfield ROZs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100544"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100540
Shihang Yu , Cong Li , Li Lyu , Rongsheng Cai , Lifeng Xiao , Yilai Jiao , Huanhao Chen , Xiaoxia Ou , Xiaoyang Wei , Xaiolei Fan
Experimental studies of dry reforming of methane (DRM) under bubbling regime in the thermal fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) remain limited. In this study, a thermal FBR was developed, and catalytic DRM was systematically evaluated. Nickel-supported catalysts (Ni/FCC) were prepared via a wet impregnation method using commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles, and their physicochemical properties were comprehensively characterized. Detailed fluidization behaviour was investigated using pressure drop fluctuations and discrete wavelet transformation (DWT), revealing a transition velocity (Uc) between bubbling and turbulent regimes in the FBR (under the conditions relevant to DRM), which was found to decrease with increasing temperature. DRM performance of Ni/FCC was assessed under various reaction temperatures (600–800 °C), gas velocities (0.1–0.2 m/s), and preheating conditions. Optimal operation in the bubbling regime (800 °C, 0.1 m/s) enabled CO2 and CH4 conversions of 57% and 41%, respectively, with an H2/CO ratio of 0.67. Comparative studies demonstrated that the packed bed reactor (PBR) achieved higher conversions and better H2/CO ratios (∼0.96), attributed to its plug flow characteristics, whereas the FBR exhibited lower conversions due to gas back mixing and reactant bypassing. Nevertheless, the Ni/FCC catalyst exhibited good thermal stability and negligible deactivation in both reactor configurations during 20 h of continuous operation. These findings provide practical insights into the design, operation, and catalytic behaviour of FBR systems for industrial DRM applications.
{"title":"Development of a fluidized bed reactor for catalytic dry reforming of methane with CO2","authors":"Shihang Yu , Cong Li , Li Lyu , Rongsheng Cai , Lifeng Xiao , Yilai Jiao , Huanhao Chen , Xiaoxia Ou , Xiaoyang Wei , Xaiolei Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental studies of dry reforming of methane (DRM) under bubbling regime in the thermal fluidized bed reactors (FBRs) remain limited. In this study, a thermal FBR was developed, and catalytic DRM was systematically evaluated. Nickel-supported catalysts (Ni/FCC) were prepared via a wet impregnation method using commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) particles, and their physicochemical properties were comprehensively characterized. Detailed fluidization behaviour was investigated using pressure drop fluctuations and discrete wavelet transformation (DWT), revealing a transition velocity (Uc) between bubbling and turbulent regimes in the FBR (under the conditions relevant to DRM), which was found to decrease with increasing temperature. DRM performance of Ni/FCC was assessed under various reaction temperatures (600–800 °C), gas velocities (0.1–0.2 m/s), and preheating conditions. Optimal operation in the bubbling regime (800 °C, 0.1 m/s) enabled CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> conversions of 57% and 41%, respectively, with an H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratio of 0.67. Comparative studies demonstrated that the packed bed reactor (PBR) achieved higher conversions and better H<sub>2</sub>/CO ratios (∼0.96), attributed to its plug flow characteristics, whereas the FBR exhibited lower conversions due to gas back mixing and reactant bypassing. Nevertheless, the Ni/FCC catalyst exhibited good thermal stability and negligible deactivation in both reactor configurations during 20 h of continuous operation. These findings provide practical insights into the design, operation, and catalytic behaviour of FBR systems for industrial DRM applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100540"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-13DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100541
Omnya Al-Yafiee , Priyanka Kumari , Christophe Castel , Ze-Xian Low , Lei Wang , Yichang Pan , Konstantinos Papadopoulos , Dionysios Vroulias , Theophilos Ioannides , George E. Romanos , Eric Favre , Georgios Karanikolos , Ludovic F. Dumée
Rising atmospheric CO2 levels drive the urgent need for efficient capture technologies. Conventional methods such as amine-based absorption and solid desiccants are energy-intensive and costly. Membrane gas separation offers a promising alternative due to its process simplicity and potential cost reduction, though its application in Direct Air Capture (DAC) remains underexplored. Unlike cyclic sorbent-based DAC systems, membrane-based separation enables continuous CO2 capture without chemical regeneration steps. This approach offers a scalable, modular pathway for low-maintenance DAC operation. This study presents highly CO2-selective and permeable polymeric membranes able to strip CO2 from synthetic ambient air. The performance of the membranes was enhanced by incorporating amine-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) into micron-thin block-copolymer membranes, supporting interfacial engineering to increase CO2 affinity and enhance flux via interstitial diffusion. The membranes achieved CO2/N₂ selectivities of 68±2 and permeabilities of 21.27±0.5 GPU under DAC conditions (0.04 % v/v CO2 in N₂). The stability of the performance in humid conditions up to 45 RH% was also tested and the selectivities found to remain on par with dry air testing, supporting the development of m-DAC as a viable route to support atmospheric CO2 capture. A multi-stage membrane process simulation was also conducted to evaluate the scalability of the process, demonstrating its feasibility and cost for large-scale CO2 capture.
不断上升的大气二氧化碳水平推动了对高效捕集技术的迫切需求。传统的方法，如胺基吸收和固体干燥剂是能源密集型和昂贵的。膜气体分离因其过程简单和潜在的成本降低而提供了一个有前途的替代方案，尽管其在直接空气捕获（DAC）中的应用仍未得到充分探索。与基于循环吸附剂的DAC系统不同，基于膜的分离可以在没有化学再生步骤的情况下连续捕获二氧化碳。这种方法为低维护DAC操作提供了可扩展的模块化途径。这项研究提出了高二氧化碳选择性和渗透性的聚合物膜，能够从合成的环境空气中去除二氧化碳。将胺功能化的氧化石墨烯（GO）加入到微米厚的嵌段共聚物膜中，支持界面工程，通过间隙扩散增加CO2亲和力和通量，从而提高膜的性能。在DAC条件下（0.04% v/v CO2 in N₂），膜的CO2/ n2选择性为68±2，渗透率为21.27±0.5 GPU。还测试了在高达45 RH%的潮湿条件下性能的稳定性，发现选择性与干燥空气测试保持一致，支持m-DAC作为支持大气二氧化碳捕获的可行途径的发展。此外，还进行了多阶段膜工艺模拟，以评估该工艺的可扩展性，证明其大规模CO2捕集的可行性和成本。
{"title":"Graphene-doped membranes for direct air capture (m-DAC) of CO2","authors":"Omnya Al-Yafiee , Priyanka Kumari , Christophe Castel , Ze-Xian Low , Lei Wang , Yichang Pan , Konstantinos Papadopoulos , Dionysios Vroulias , Theophilos Ioannides , George E. Romanos , Eric Favre , Georgios Karanikolos , Ludovic F. Dumée","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100541","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100541","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rising atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> levels drive the urgent need for efficient capture technologies. Conventional methods such as amine-based absorption and solid desiccants are energy-intensive and costly. Membrane gas separation offers a promising alternative due to its process simplicity and potential cost reduction, though its application in Direct Air Capture (DAC) remains underexplored. Unlike cyclic sorbent-based DAC systems, membrane-based separation enables continuous CO2 capture without chemical regeneration steps. This approach offers a scalable, modular pathway for low-maintenance DAC operation. This study presents highly CO<sub>2</sub>-selective and permeable polymeric membranes able to strip CO<sub>2</sub> from synthetic ambient air. The performance of the membranes was enhanced by incorporating amine-functionalized graphene oxide (GO) into micron-thin block-copolymer membranes, supporting interfacial engineering to increase CO<sub>2</sub> affinity and enhance flux via interstitial diffusion. The membranes achieved CO<sub>2</sub>/N₂ selectivities of 68±2 and permeabilities of 21.27±0.5 GPU under DAC conditions (0.04 % v/v CO<sub>2</sub> in N₂). The stability of the performance in humid conditions up to 45 RH% was also tested and the selectivities found to remain on par with dry air testing, supporting the development of m-DAC as a viable route to support atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> capture. A multi-stage membrane process simulation was also conducted to evaluate the scalability of the process, demonstrating its feasibility and cost for large-scale CO<sub>2</sub> capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100541"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145568351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-08DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100538
Loiy Al-Ghussain , Bilal Rinchi , Mohammad Alrbai , Sameer Al-Dahidi , Zifeng Lu
This study evaluates the levelized cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of CO2 capture and e-fuel production pathways across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Industrial point-source CO₂ capture shows favorable techno-economic performance, particularly from natural gas and oil processing facilities, with a regional weighted average cost of approximately 51 USD/tCO2cap, making it a viable source of low-cost CO₂ for e-fuel production. Among MENA countries, Qatar, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates exhibit the lowest capture costs (38–44 USD/tCO2cap), attributable to high emission volumes and low energy prices. The corresponding GHG emission intensity (EI) of point-source capture averages around 180 kgCO2eq/tCO2cap. Regarding e-fuel production, Fischer–Tropsch (FT) fuels are identified as the most expensive and carbon-intensive option, with average production costs exceeding 0.07 USD/MJ and EIs surpassing 30 gCO2eq/MJ in most MENA countries. In contrast, ammonia synthesis offers the lowest emission intensity, ranging from 7.1 to 21.8 gCO2eq/MJ depending on the energy source. Although none of the e-fuel pathways are currently cost-competitive with fossil fuels, industrial point-source CO2 capture in the MENA region presents a promising near-term opportunity. Realizing this potential will require targeted policy measures, including the implementation of carbon pricing, the expansion of renewable energy capacity, and strategic infrastructure investments.
{"title":"Enabling e-fuels in Middle East and North Africa: Life cycle and techno-economic insights into CO2 capture and utilization","authors":"Loiy Al-Ghussain , Bilal Rinchi , Mohammad Alrbai , Sameer Al-Dahidi , Zifeng Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the levelized cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission intensity of CO<sub>2</sub> capture and e-fuel production pathways across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Industrial point-source CO₂ capture shows favorable techno-economic performance, particularly from natural gas and oil processing facilities, with a regional weighted average cost of approximately 51 USD/tCO<sub>2cap</sub>, making it a viable source of low-cost CO₂ for e-fuel production. Among MENA countries, Qatar, Oman, and the United Arab Emirates exhibit the lowest capture costs (38–44 USD/tCO<sub>2cap</sub>), attributable to high emission volumes and low energy prices. The corresponding GHG emission intensity (EI) of point-source capture averages around 180 kgCO<sub>2eq</sub>/tCO<sub>2cap</sub>. Regarding e-fuel production, Fischer–Tropsch (FT) fuels are identified as the most expensive and carbon-intensive option, with average production costs exceeding 0.07 USD/MJ and EIs surpassing 30 gCO<sub>2eq</sub>/MJ in most MENA countries. In contrast, ammonia synthesis offers the lowest emission intensity, ranging from 7.1 to 21.8 gCO<sub>2eq</sub>/MJ depending on the energy source. Although none of the e-fuel pathways are currently cost-competitive with fossil fuels, industrial point-source CO<sub>2</sub> capture in the MENA region presents a promising near-term opportunity. Realizing this potential will require targeted policy measures, including the implementation of carbon pricing, the expansion of renewable energy capacity, and strategic infrastructure investments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100538"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100537
Hailing Ma , Xin Zhang , Yao Tong , Yew Mun Hung , Xin Wang
This review advances a unified framework for engineering low-energy, high-efficiency CO2 capture–conversion platforms by co-designing membranes, adsorbents, and multi-field catalytic modules. We benchmark key performance indicators across materials and flowsheets—specific energy (kWh·t−1-CO2), capacity–selectivity trade-offs, cyclic stability, and space–time yield—and quantify integration benefits under harmonized boundaries (functional units, explicit ±compression, common base year).At 90 % capture efficiency with 10–15 % CO2 feed, 40–60 % relative humidity, and a pressure drop of 0.2–0.4 bar, the membrane–adsorption architecture reduces specific energy by 30–40 % compared with membrane-only or adsorption-only baselines. It maintains both high capacity and selectivity and is compatible with VPSA or TDS regeneration. Design rules are distilled for Graphene Oxide (GO)/Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)–Metal Organic Framework (MOF) sorbents and Mixed-Matrix Membranes (MMMs), together with operating-window guidance that addresses H2O/O2 tolerance and interface matching. Along the conversion pathway, photocatalytic, thermocatalytic, and electrocatalytic subsystems are organized into a multi-field scheme in which structural and electronic-state tuning directs product selectivity and energy efficiency. A scenario-based Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA)/Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) compares centralized industrial flue gas, distributed biogas upgrading, and Direct Air Capture (DAC), with sensitivities to electricity/H2 prices and sorbent lifetime. The resulting KPI toolkit and process maps aim to accelerate pilot-to-scale translation of integrated CO2-to-chemicals systems.
{"title":"Energy-coupled CO2 capture–conversion via membrane–adsorption integration: Quantitative benchmarks and pilot-scale design","authors":"Hailing Ma , Xin Zhang , Yao Tong , Yew Mun Hung , Xin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review advances a unified framework for engineering low-energy, high-efficiency CO<sub>2</sub> capture–conversion platforms by co-designing membranes, adsorbents, and multi-field catalytic modules. We benchmark key performance indicators across materials and flowsheets—specific energy (kWh·t<sup>−1</sup>-CO<sub>2</sub>), capacity–selectivity trade-offs, cyclic stability, and space–time yield—and quantify integration benefits under harmonized boundaries (functional units, explicit ±compression, common base year).At 90 % capture efficiency with 10–15 % CO<sub>2</sub> feed, 40–60 % relative humidity, and a pressure drop of 0.2–0.4 bar, the membrane–adsorption architecture reduces specific energy by 30–40 % compared with membrane-only or adsorption-only baselines. It maintains both high capacity and selectivity and is compatible with VPSA or TDS regeneration. Design rules are distilled for Graphene Oxide (GO)/Reduced Graphene Oxide (rGO)–Metal Organic Framework (MOF) sorbents and Mixed-Matrix Membranes (MMMs), together with operating-window guidance that addresses H<sub>2</sub>O/O<sub>2</sub> tolerance and interface matching. Along the conversion pathway, photocatalytic, thermocatalytic, and electrocatalytic subsystems are organized into a multi-field scheme in which structural and electronic-state tuning directs product selectivity and energy efficiency. A scenario-based Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA)/Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) compares centralized industrial flue gas, distributed biogas upgrading, and Direct Air Capture (DAC), with sensitivities to electricity/H<sub>2</sub> prices and sorbent lifetime. The resulting KPI toolkit and process maps aim to accelerate pilot-to-scale translation of integrated CO<sub>2</sub>-to-chemicals systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-30DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100536
Naveed Akhtar , Habib Ullah , Amir Zada , Shohreh Azizi , Muhammad Ateeq , Javed Ali Khan , Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah , Mohammad Naeem , Muhammad Shakeel Khan , Zakir Ullah , Hyun You Kim
Transforming carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable fuels and chemicals through photocatalysis and electrocatalysis presents a sustainable approach to reducing carbon emissions and tackling global energy challenges. However, the major hurdles lie in the low activity and selectivity of these processes. This review critically analyzes the fundamental mechanisms and reaction pathways for CO2 reduction, with a focus on photocatalytic and electrocatalytic approaches. Key factors influencing product selectivities, including the band structure of photocatalysts, light-excitation properties, charge carrier separation, and surface interactions, are thoroughly examined. We also emphasize recent advancements such as bandgap engineering, doping, nanostructure tailoring, and the use of innovative catalysts to enhance selectivity and efficiency. Unlike previous reviews that focus on either photocatalysis or electrocatalysis in isolation, this review offers a unified perspective on both system, whether highlighting comparative trends, mechanistic insights, and future research directions. This integrated and comprehensive analysis fills a critical gap in the current literature and expected to guide the development of next-generation catalytic systems for efficient and selective CO2 conversion.
{"title":"CO2 reduction reimagined: From light-driven to electrocatalytic pathways with computational insight towards enhanced product selectivity","authors":"Naveed Akhtar , Habib Ullah , Amir Zada , Shohreh Azizi , Muhammad Ateeq , Javed Ali Khan , Muhammad Ishaq Ali Shah , Mohammad Naeem , Muhammad Shakeel Khan , Zakir Ullah , Hyun You Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transforming carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) into valuable fuels and chemicals through photocatalysis and electrocatalysis presents a sustainable approach to reducing carbon emissions and tackling global energy challenges. However, the major hurdles lie in the low activity and selectivity of these processes. This review critically analyzes the fundamental mechanisms and reaction pathways for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, with a focus on photocatalytic and electrocatalytic approaches. Key factors influencing product selectivities, including the band structure of photocatalysts, light-excitation properties, charge carrier separation, and surface interactions, are thoroughly examined. We also emphasize recent advancements such as bandgap engineering, doping, nanostructure tailoring, and the use of innovative catalysts to enhance selectivity and efficiency. Unlike previous reviews that focus on either photocatalysis or electrocatalysis in isolation, this review offers a unified perspective on both system, whether highlighting comparative trends, mechanistic insights, and future research directions. This integrated and comprehensive analysis fills a critical gap in the current literature and expected to guide the development of next-generation catalytic systems for efficient and selective CO<sub>2</sub> conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100536"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145516638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100535
Pengjun Cui , Godknows Dziva , Tingting Song , Sandeep Dhital , Shengping Wang , Liang Zeng
This study proposed a dual moving bed reactor configuration for the calcium looping (CaL) process, aiming to improve CO2 capture efficiency and reduce the energy consumption. A multistage thermodynamic equilibrium model was developed to simulate the gas-solid countercurrent reactive flow pattern. A comparative study was conducted between the proposed dual moving bed (DMB) CaL system and the conventional dual fluidized bed (DFB) configuration. At an RCa/C = 4, the gas-solid countercurrent moving bed carbonator can achieve a CO2 capture efficiency exceeding 95 %, an improvement of over 3 % compared to the fluidized bed system operating at 650 °C. Internal countercurrent heat exchange of the MB carbonator increases the solid outlet temperature by approximately 60 °C, consequently reducing the calciner’s fuel consumption by 5.04 %. The gas-solid countercurrent flow in the calciner improved internal heat integration and further decreased fuel demand by 13.71 %. Thus, the DMB CaL system attained a calciner-specific energy consumption of 3.61 GJ/t CO2, representing a 19.78 % reduction from the DFB CaL system. When integrated into a coal-fired power plant, the specific energy consumption for CO2 avoided (SPECCA) is 2.40 GJ/t CO2, an 8.40 % decrease compared to the DFB CaL process. This improvement enhances the techno-economic performance of the CaL process and highlights its potential for industrial CO2 capture.
{"title":"Dual moving bed calcium looping process: Optimizing CO2 capture efficiency and energy utilization","authors":"Pengjun Cui , Godknows Dziva , Tingting Song , Sandeep Dhital , Shengping Wang , Liang Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposed a dual moving bed reactor configuration for the calcium looping (CaL) process, aiming to improve CO<sub>2</sub> capture efficiency and reduce the energy consumption. A multistage thermodynamic equilibrium model was developed to simulate the gas-solid countercurrent reactive flow pattern. A comparative study was conducted between the proposed dual moving bed (DMB) CaL system and the conventional dual fluidized bed (DFB) configuration. At an R<sub>Ca/</sub><em><sub>C</sub></em> = 4, the gas-solid countercurrent moving bed carbonator can achieve a CO<sub>2</sub> capture efficiency exceeding 95 %, an improvement of over 3 % compared to the fluidized bed system operating at 650 °C. Internal countercurrent heat exchange of the MB carbonator increases the solid outlet temperature by approximately 60 °C, consequently reducing the calciner’s fuel consumption by 5.04 %. The gas-solid countercurrent flow in the calciner improved internal heat integration and further decreased fuel demand by 13.71 %. Thus, the DMB CaL system attained a calciner-specific energy consumption of 3.61 GJ/t CO<sub>2</sub>, representing a 19.78 % reduction from the DFB CaL system. When integrated into a coal-fired power plant, the specific energy consumption for CO<sub>2</sub> avoided (SPECCA) is 2.40 GJ/t CO<sub>2</sub>, an 8.40 % decrease compared to the DFB CaL process. This improvement enhances the techno-economic performance of the CaL process and highlights its potential for industrial CO<sub>2</sub> capture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100534
Jia Song , Long Shi , Jing Wei , Min Deng , Zikang Qin , Lin Yang , Junfeng Zheng , Wenju Jiang , Lu Yao , Zhongde Dai
Axial coordination engineering is a promising method to regulate the active sites of single atom catalysts (SACs) in electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ECR) and further realize the manipulating of the electrocatalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts. Here, a facile post-synthetic modification strategy of metal exchange and heteroatom dopant was proposed to develop a single iron atom catalyst coordinated with four planar N atoms and one axial Br atom (denoted as Fex-NCBry) for ECR to CO. By altering the operating conditions including pyrolysis temperature as well as dopant amount of Fe and Br, the optimized Fe20-NCBr0.3 catalyst acquired more surface-active sites and lower impedance, exhibiting an enhanced CO selectivity of 93.78 % with a CO reduction current density of -21.16 mA cm-2 at -0.9 V (vs. RHE). This work provides new possibilities for tuning the SACs coordination environment with an axial heteroatom for improved ECR performance.
轴向配位工程是调控电化学还原CO2过程中单原子催化剂活性位点，进而实现对催化剂电催化活性、选择性和稳定性的调控的一种很有前景的方法。本文提出了一种简单的金属交换和杂原子掺杂的合成后改性策略，开发了一种单铁原子与四个平面N原子和一个轴向Br原子（Fex-NCBry）配位的ECR - CO催化剂。通过改变热解温度、Fe和Br的掺杂量等操作条件，优化后的Fe20-NCBr0.3催化剂获得了更多的表面活性位点和更低的阻抗。在-0.9 V（相对于RHE）下，CO还原电流密度为-21.16 mA cm-2时，CO选择性提高了93.78%。这项工作为通过轴向杂原子调整SACs配位环境以提高ECR性能提供了新的可能性。
{"title":"Enhancing CO2 electroreduction over iron-nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts by axial bromine coordination","authors":"Jia Song , Long Shi , Jing Wei , Min Deng , Zikang Qin , Lin Yang , Junfeng Zheng , Wenju Jiang , Lu Yao , Zhongde Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Axial coordination engineering is a promising method to regulate the active sites of single atom catalysts (SACs) in electrochemical reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> (ECR) and further realize the manipulating of the electrocatalytic activity, selectivity, and stability of catalysts. Here, a facile post-synthetic modification strategy of metal exchange and heteroatom dopant was proposed to develop a single iron atom catalyst coordinated with four planar N atoms and one axial Br atom (denoted as Fe<sub>x</sub><sub>-</sub>NCBr<sub>y</sub>) for ECR to CO. By altering the operating conditions including pyrolysis temperature as well as dopant amount of Fe and Br, the optimized Fe<sub>20</sub>-NCBr<sub>0.3</sub> catalyst acquired more surface-active sites and lower impedance, exhibiting an enhanced CO selectivity of 93.78 % with a CO reduction current density of -21.16 mA cm<sup>-</sup><sup>2</sup> at -0.9 V (vs. RHE). This work provides new possibilities for tuning the SACs coordination environment with an axial heteroatom for improved ECR performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100533
Heidi Kirppu, Miika Rämä, Esa Pursiheimo, Kati Koponen, Tomi J. Lindroos
Achieving Paris Agreement targets for climate change mitigation requires an urgent shift away from fossil fuels. In addition, negative emissions by permanently removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere are required. Both targets require substantial amounts of carbon neutral electricity and heat production. While electricity can be produced and transferred over long distances, the heat production needs to be local. This study investigates an energy system integrating both carbon neutral heat production and carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. The system is modelled using the Backbone energy system modelling framework. The carbon neutral heat production in the study is based on small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs), large-scale thermal energy storages (TES), heat pumps (HPs) and electric boilers (EBs), and the carbon removal is implemented by direct air capture (DAC) combined with permanent geological storage. The studied technologies are integrated into a specific large-scale district heating system located in Northern Europe. The impact of outdoor temperature for the efficiency of the DAC process is considered, and the system integration potential with the district heating system is evaluated. The results show that high 70–90 % utilisation rates for both SMR and DAC units can be reached but depending on the case year and corresponding profiles for demand, outdoor temperature, electricity and carbon prices, a large variation in utilisation rates is observed. The variable CO2 capture costs were between 115–126 €/t CO2 in the modelled scenarios, and with higher OPEX values at the range 152–163€/tCO2, and the limit price for economic viability considering the investment was calculated to be in the range of 209–223 €/tCO2, with lower, and 233–246 €/tCO2 with higher adsorbent costs. When not accounting the biogenic CO2 emissions, the carbon negativity can be reached in the system in all the scenarios where the CO2 price is over 150€/t and the number of DAC modules is at least 400. When accounting the biogenic CO2 emissions, the carbon negativity can be reached only in scenarios with DAC capacity at 900 modules and CO2 price at 180–200€/t.
{"title":"District heating with negative emissions – direct air carbon capture and storage combined with small modular reactors","authors":"Heidi Kirppu, Miika Rämä, Esa Pursiheimo, Kati Koponen, Tomi J. Lindroos","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2025.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achieving Paris Agreement targets for climate change mitigation requires an urgent shift away from fossil fuels. In addition, negative emissions by permanently removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere are required. Both targets require substantial amounts of carbon neutral electricity and heat production. While electricity can be produced and transferred over long distances, the heat production needs to be local. This study investigates an energy system integrating both carbon neutral heat production and carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. The system is modelled using the Backbone energy system modelling framework. The carbon neutral heat production in the study is based on small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs), large-scale thermal energy storages (TES), heat pumps (HPs) and electric boilers (EBs), and the carbon removal is implemented by direct air capture (DAC) combined with permanent geological storage. The studied technologies are integrated into a specific large-scale district heating system located in Northern Europe. The impact of outdoor temperature for the efficiency of the DAC process is considered, and the system integration potential with the district heating system is evaluated. The results show that high 70–90 % utilisation rates for both SMR and DAC units can be reached but depending on the case year and corresponding profiles for demand, outdoor temperature, electricity and carbon prices, a large variation in utilisation rates is observed. The variable CO<sub>2</sub> capture costs were between 115–126 €/t CO<sub>2</sub> in the modelled scenarios, and with higher OPEX values at the range 152–163€/tCO<sub>2</sub>, and the limit price for economic viability considering the investment was calculated to be in the range of 209–223 €/tCO<sub>2,</sub> with lower, and 233–246 €/tCO<sub>2</sub> with higher adsorbent costs. When not accounting the biogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, the carbon negativity can be reached in the system in all the scenarios where the CO<sub>2</sub> price is over 150€/t and the number of DAC modules is at least 400. When accounting the biogenic CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, the carbon negativity can be reached only in scenarios with DAC capacity at 900 modules and CO<sub>2</sub> price at 180–200€/t.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"17 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145412812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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