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CO2 reduction by chars obtained by pyrolysis of real wastes: Low temperature adsorption and high temperature CO2 capture 通过热解实际废弃物获得的炭还原二氧化碳:低温吸附和高温捕获二氧化碳
Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100332
N. Miskolczi , N. Gao , C. Quan , A.T. Laszlo
In this work, the carbon dioxide capture of waste derived chars was investigated. The char samples were obtained by pyrolysis of municipal plastic waste, biomass and sewage sludge from agriculture at 400, 600 and 900 °C in nitrogen atmosphere. For further experiments, chars with a grain size between 0.315 mm and 1.50 mm were investigated. The CO2 uptake capacity of samples was tested at 40 °C through a 10 adsorption-desorption cycles using a mixture of 70 % nitrogen and 30 % carbon dioxide. The CO2 uptake capacity of the reference activated carbon was 3.71–3.90 mmol CO2/g, while that of the waste derived char samples varied between 0.76–2.33 mmol CO2/g depending on the pyrolysis temperature and the raw materials. Chars with large specific surface area obtained at 900 °C had the highest CO2 uptake capacity. Char obtained from municipal plastic waste at a pyrolysis temperature of 900 °C has the largest specific surface area. The biomass and sewage sludge derived chars contained alkali metals and earth metals in oxide form, therefore the possibility of their application for carbonization-calcination cycles was also investigated. In case of the high-temperature tests, the CO2 uptake took place at 750 °C, while the release at 900 °C. During the 10 cycles test, significant decrease in capacity up to the 5th cycle was found. The capacity of char obtained from agricultural sewage sludge was 18.68 mmol CO2/g in the first cycle, which decreased drastically to 2.88–2.96 mmol CO2/g after the 5th cycle.
在这项工作中,我们研究了废物衍生炭的二氧化碳捕获。焦炭样品是通过在氮气环境中以 400、600 和 900 °C 高温分解城市塑料垃圾、生物质和农业污水污泥获得的。在进一步的实验中,研究了粒度在 0.315 毫米和 1.50 毫米之间的木炭。样品的二氧化碳吸收能力是在 40 °C 条件下,使用 70% 氮气和 30% 二氧化碳的混合物,通过 10 次吸附-解吸循环进行测试的。参考活性炭的二氧化碳吸收能力为 3.71-3.90 mmol CO2/g,而废物衍生炭样品的二氧化碳吸收能力则在 0.76-2.33 mmol CO2/g 之间变化,具体取决于热解温度和原料。在 900 °C 下获得的比表面积较大的炭具有最高的二氧化碳吸收能力。在 900 °C 高温分解温度下从城市塑料垃圾中获得的炭具有最大的比表面积。生物质和污水污泥制得的炭含有氧化物形式的碱金属和土金属,因此还研究了将其用于碳化-煅烧循环的可能性。在高温测试中,二氧化碳的吸收发生在 750 °C 时,而释放发生在 900 °C 时。在 10 次循环测试中,发现容量在第 5 次循环之前明显下降。从农业污水污泥中获得的炭的容量在第一个循环中为 18.68 mmol CO2/g,在第 5 个循环后急剧下降至 2.88-2.96 mmol CO2/g。
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引用次数: 0
Synthesis and optimization of 3D porous polymers for efficient CO2 capture and H2 storage 合成和优化三维多孔聚合物,实现高效二氧化碳捕获和 H2 封存
Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100330
Rawan A. Al-Qahtani , Mahmoud M. Abdelnaby , Ismail Abdulazeez , Othman Charles S. Al-Hamouz
In this study, a new porous organic polymer (KFUPM-CO2) with intrinsic nitrogen atoms as active sites for CO2 capture was optimized and synthesized via Friedel-Crafts alkylation of triptycene and 2,2-bipyridine. The porous polymer shows a high surface area of 1100 m2/g with a tuned microporosity of less than 1.2 nm, confirmed by NLDFT. KFUPM-CO2 showed a remarkable CO2 sorption capacity of 5.6 mmol/g at 273 K, 3.2 mmol/g at 298 K, and a pressure of 760 mmHg KFUPM-CO2 showed a high enthalpy of adsorption of 43.7 kJ/mol for CO2 with IAST selectivity of CO2/N2 of 127 at 273 K and 97 at 298 K on simulated flue gas composition. Additionally, KFUPM-CO2 exhibited an H2 storage capacity of 1.5 wt. % at 77 K and 860 mmHg Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations further revealed that KFUPM-CO2 was mainly stabilized by π-π intra-molecular interactions, and exhibited strong van der Waals attractions to CO2 molecules via the pyridyl nitrogen atoms, resulting in the rapid uptake. The combined advantages of binding 2,2-bipyridine with triptycene provided a robust porous polymer with abundant nitrogen sites, permanent porosity, and thermal stability, rendering KFUPM-CO2 an excellent candidate for CO2 capture and H2 storage technologies.
本研究通过三庚烯和 2,2-联吡啶的 Friedel-Crafts 烷基化反应,优化合成了一种新型多孔有机聚合物(KFUPM-CO2),其固有氮原子是捕获二氧化碳的活性位点。经 NLDFT 证实,这种多孔聚合物具有 1100 m2/g 的高表面积和小于 1.2 nm 的调谐微孔。KFUPM-CO2 在 273 K 和 298 K 条件下的二氧化碳吸附容量分别为 5.6 mmol/g和 3.2 mmol/g,在 760 mmHg 的压力下,KFUPM-CO2 对二氧化碳的吸附焓分别为 43.7 kJ/mol,在模拟烟道气成分中,273 K 和 298 K 条件下的 IAST CO2/N2 选择性分别为 127 和 97。此外,KFUPM-CO2 在 77 K 和 860 mmHg 条件下的 H2 储量为 1.5 wt. %,大规范蒙特卡洛(GCMC)模拟进一步表明,KFUPM-CO2 主要通过 π-π 分子内相互作用而稳定,并通过吡啶基氮原子对 CO2 分子表现出强烈的范德华吸引力,从而实现了快速吸收。将 2,2-联吡啶与三庚烯结合在一起的综合优势提供了一种具有丰富氮位点、永久孔隙度和热稳定性的坚固多孔聚合物,使 KFUPM-CO2 成为二氧化碳捕获和 H2 储存技术的绝佳候选材料。
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引用次数: 0
Benchmarking heat-driven adsorption carbon pumps (HACP): A thermodynamic perspective 热驱动吸附碳泵(HACP)的基准:热力学视角
Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100331
Shuangjun Li , Lijin Chen , Shuai Deng , Xiangkun Elvis Cao , Xiaolin Wang , Ki Bong Lee
Benchmarking is pivotal in standardizing industrial devices, leading to notable performance enhancements in fields such as heating pump air conditioning, photovoltaic devices, and more. The significance of treating the CO2 capture system in small/medium size was emphasized in this work as a standalone device from a thermodynamic perspective, which facilitates the creation of a comprehensive benchmarking methodology. In this study, we studied the heat-driven adsorption carbon pump (HACP) as a typical case for benchmarking. The benchmarking methodology proposed is structured through a five-step process: defining boundaries, determining indicators, establishing calculation processes, collecting and analyzing data, and ultimately evaluating and optimizing performance. By utilizing thermodynamic principles, the energy efficiency of HACP devices was assessed. Through the combination of standardized tests and theoretical calculations, this work enables a quantitative evaluation of energy consumption and the thermodynamic perfection of specific HACP devices.
基准测试对于工业设备的标准化至关重要,可显著提高暖泵空调、光伏设备等领域的性能。本研究从热力学角度强调了将中小型二氧化碳捕集系统作为独立设备处理的重要性,这有助于建立全面的基准测试方法。在这项研究中,我们将热驱动吸附碳泵(HACP)作为一个典型的基准案例进行研究。我们提出的基准测试方法分为五个步骤:定义边界、确定指标、建立计算流程、收集和分析数据,以及最终评估和优化性能。利用热力学原理,对 HACP 设备的能效进行了评估。通过将标准化测试和理论计算相结合,这项工作能够对特定 HACP 设备的能耗和热力学完美性进行量化评估。
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引用次数: 0
Pore-scale study of CO2 desublimation in a contact liquid 接触液体中二氧化碳脱华的孔隙尺度研究
Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100329
Timan Lei , Geng Wang , Junyu Yang , Jin Chen , Kai H. Luo
<div><div>Cryogenic carbon capture (CCC) designed to operate in a contact liquid is an innovative technology for capturing <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> from industrial flue gases, helping mitigate climate change. Understanding <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> desublimation properties in a contact liquid is crucial to optimizing CCC, but is challenging due to the complex physics involved. In this work, a multiphysics lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is developed to investigate <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> desublimation in a contact liquid for various operating conditions, with the multiple and fully-coupled physics being incorporated (i.e., two-phase flow, heat transfer across three phases, <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> transport between the gas and liquid, homogeneous and heterogeneous desublimation of <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span>, and solid <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> generation). The <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> desublimation process in a contact liquid is well reproduced. Moreover, parametric studies and quantitative analyses are set out to identify optimal conditions for CCC. The decreasing liquid temperature (<span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>l</mi></msub></math></span>) and flue gas temperature (<span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span>) are found to accelerate the <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> desublimation rate and enhance the <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> capture velocity (<span><math><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math></span>). However, excessively low <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>l</mi></msub></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mi>T</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span> values should be avoided. These conditions increase the energy consumption of cooling while only marginally improving <span><math><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math></span>, due to the limited <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> supply. The CCC system performs effectively when purifying flue gases with high <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> content (<span><math><msub><mi>Y</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span>). This is because the large <span><math><msub><mi>Y</mi><mn>0</mn></msub></math></span> accelerates the <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> desublimation rate and enhances the overall <span><math><msub><mtext>CO</mtext><mn>2</mn></msub></math></span> capture efficiency. A high gas injection velocity (or <span><math><mtext>Pe</mtext></math></span>) is beneficial for amplifying <span><math><msub><mi>v</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math></span> by increasing the gas–liquid interfaces and enhancing the <span><math><msub><mtext>CO
在接触液中运行的低温碳捕集(CCC)是一种从工业烟气中捕集二氧化碳的创新技术,有助于减缓气候变化。了解接触液中的二氧化碳脱华特性对于优化 CCC 至关重要,但由于涉及复杂的物理过程,因此具有挑战性。在这项工作中,开发了一个多物理场格子玻尔兹曼(LB)模型,用于研究接触液中二氧化碳在各种操作条件下的脱附情况,其中包含多种完全耦合的物理场(即两相流、三相传热、气体和液体之间的二氧化碳传输、二氧化碳的均相和异相脱附及固体二氧化碳生成)。接触液体中的二氧化碳升华过程得到了很好的再现。此外,还进行了参数研究和定量分析,以确定 CCC 的最佳条件。研究发现,降低液体温度(Tl)和烟道气温度(T0)可加快二氧化碳脱华速度,提高二氧化碳捕获速度(vc)。但应避免 Tl 和 T0 值过低。由于二氧化碳供应量有限,这些条件会增加冷却能耗,但只能略微提高 vc。在净化二氧化碳含量(Y0)较高的烟气时,CCC 系统能有效发挥作用。这是因为较大的 Y0 会加快 CO2 的脱附速度,提高整体 CO2 捕获效率。较高的气体注入速度(或 Pe)有利于通过增加气液界面和提高二氧化碳供应量来放大 vc。然而,应避免过高的 Pe 值,因为它会阻碍二氧化碳向液态或固态二氧化碳表面的传输,最终限制了可用于解升华的二氧化碳量,并抑制 vc 值的提高。本研究开发了一种可行的 LB 方法,用于研究不同条件下接触液体中的二氧化碳脱华情况,从而推动了 CCC 知识库的发展,并促进了其工业应用。
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In this work, a multiphysics lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is developed to investigate &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; desublimation in a contact liquid for various operating conditions, with the multiple and fully-coupled physics being incorporated (i.e., two-phase flow, heat transfer across three phases, &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; transport between the gas and liquid, homogeneous and heterogeneous desublimation of &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and solid &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; generation). The &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; desublimation process in a contact liquid is well reproduced. Moreover, parametric studies and quantitative analyses are set out to identify optimal conditions for CCC. The decreasing liquid temperature (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) and flue gas temperature (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) are found to accelerate the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; desublimation rate and enhance the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; capture velocity (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). However, excessively low &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;l&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;T&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; values should be avoided. These conditions increase the energy consumption of cooling while only marginally improving &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, due to the limited &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; supply. The CCC system performs effectively when purifying flue gases with high &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; content (&lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;). This is because the large &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;Y&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; accelerates the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; desublimation rate and enhances the overall &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; capture efficiency. A high gas injection velocity (or &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;Pe&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;) is beneficial for amplifying &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mi&gt;v&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;c&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/msub&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt; by increasing the gas–liquid interfaces and enhancing the &lt;span&gt;&lt;math&gt;&lt;msub&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;CO","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Advancing the deployment and information management of direct air capture: A solution enabled by integrating consortium blockchain system 推进直接空气捕获的部署和信息管理:整合联盟区块链系统的解决方案
Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100300
Zihan Chen , Yiyu Liu , Eryu Wang , Huajie You , Qi Gao , Fan David Yeung , Jia Li
Direct air capture (DAC) is a critical and emerging Negative Emissions Technology (NET) that directly removes CO2 from the atmosphere, significantly contributing to climate change. However, the deployment and management of large-scale DAC faces challenges such as collections and analysis of energy consumption data, intricate device and system management, emission prediction and operation strategy, precise carbon footprint tracking, etc. This paper proposes the integration of blockchain technology with DAC systems to address these challenges, utilizing blockchain's inherent properties of immutability, security, and transparency. The implementation strategy includes the development of a DAC consortium blockchain system, leveraging a consensus mechanism,1 ECDSA encryption,2 IoT3 integration, and digital signatures. Preliminary modeling of the proposed system suggests potential improvements in operational efficiency and a reduction in data inaccuracies. The proposed system underscores the system's ability to streamline identity verification, improve data collection accuracy, and facilitate secure, confidential information sharing among DAC stakeholders. By enhancing the efficiency and reliability of DAC operations, this approach supports the scalable and effective deployment of NETs in the global effort to combat climate change. Future research will focus on empirical validation through pilot projects and simulations to further substantiate these claims.
直接空气捕集(DAC)是一种重要的新兴负排放技术(NET),可直接清除大气中的二氧化碳,极大地促进气候变化。然而,大规模 DAC 的部署和管理面临着各种挑战,如能耗数据的收集和分析、错综复杂的设备和系统管理、排放预测和运行策略、精确的碳足迹跟踪等。本文利用区块链固有的不可篡改性、安全性和透明性等特性,提出将区块链技术与 DAC 系统集成,以应对这些挑战。实施策略包括开发一个 DAC 联盟区块链系统,利用共识机制1 、ECDSA 加密2 、物联网3 集成和数字签名。对拟议系统的初步建模表明,该系统有可能提高运行效率并减少数据不准确性。拟议系统强调了该系统简化身份验证、提高数据收集准确性以及促进 DAC 利益相关者之间安全、保密信息共享的能力。通过提高 DAC 运行的效率和可靠性,该方法支持在全球应对气候变化的努力中可扩展和有效地部署 NET。未来的研究将侧重于通过试点项目和模拟进行经验验证,以进一步证实这些主张。
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引用次数: 0
Offshore carbon storage from power plants based on real option and multi‐period source‐sink matching: A case study in the eastern coastal China 基于实物期权和多期源汇匹配的电厂离岸碳封存:中国东部沿海案例研究
Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100314
Xingyu Zan , Panjie Ji , Yuxuan Ying , Long Jiang , Xiaoqing Lin , Angjian Wu , Qi Lu , Qunxing Huang , Xiaodong Li , Jianhua Yan
Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) emerges as a pivotal strategy for CO2 reduction in the power sector, particularly focusing on the overlooked domain of offshore storage along China's east coast. In spite of the potential high costs, irreversible investments, and lengthy development, offshore storage can still be prospective. Considering autonomous decision-making among emission sources, this study pioneers a CO2 offshore storage investment decision model tailored for coal-fired and gas-fired power plants. Innovating an offshore storage source-sink matching model with a real options model and introducing a pipeline network optimization model allows a realistic source-sink matching strategy to be explored under optimal investment timing. According to the results, among 154 large stationary emission sources in Zhejiang Province, offshore storage could reduce CO2 emissions by 4.59 Gt, utilizing the Qiantang, Minjiang, and Fuzhou depressions. It is economically feasible to implement offshore storage with a whole-process unit cost of 368.8 CNY/tCO2, mainly dominated by capture costs. A hybrid carbon tax-subsidy policy promotes carbon reduction and economic benefits, offering a more effective incentive for emission sources to invest in offshore storage than a single policy. At a hybrid policy price of 250 CNY/tCO2, all 27 selected emission sources are projected to invest in offshore storage by 2048, with a preference for the Qiantang depression as the storage site. Practically, this study provides important technical support and guidance for the large-scale deployment of offshore storage.
碳捕集利用与封存(CCUS)已成为电力行业减少二氧化碳排放的关键战略,尤其是在中国东部沿海被忽视的海上封存领域。尽管潜在成本高、投资不可逆、开发周期长,但海上封存仍具有广阔前景。考虑到排放源之间的自主决策,本研究为燃煤和燃气电厂量身定制了一个二氧化碳海上封存投资决策模型。利用实物期权模型对离岸封存源汇匹配模型进行创新,并引入管网优化模型,从而探索出最优投资时机下的现实源汇匹配策略。研究结果表明,在浙江省 154 个大型固定排放源中,利用钱塘江、闽江和福州洼地进行海上封存可减少 CO2 排放 4.59 Gt。实施海上封存在经济上是可行的,全过程单位成本为 368.8 元人民币/吨二氧化碳,主要由捕集成本决定。碳税-补贴混合政策既能促进碳减排,又能提高经济效益,与单一政策相比,能更有效地激励排放源投资海上封存。在 250 元人民币/吨 CO2 的混合政策价格下,预计到 2048 年,所有 27 个选定的排放源都将投资海上封存,并优先选择钱塘江坳陷作为封存地点。该研究为大规模部署海上封存提供了重要的技术支持和指导。
{"title":"Offshore carbon storage from power plants based on real option and multi‐period source‐sink matching: A case study in the eastern coastal China","authors":"Xingyu Zan ,&nbsp;Panjie Ji ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Ying ,&nbsp;Long Jiang ,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Lin ,&nbsp;Angjian Wu ,&nbsp;Qi Lu ,&nbsp;Qunxing Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Li ,&nbsp;Jianhua Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100314","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100314","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) emerges as a pivotal strategy for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction in the power sector, particularly focusing on the overlooked domain of offshore storage along China's east coast. In spite of the potential high costs, irreversible investments, and lengthy development, offshore storage can still be prospective. Considering autonomous decision-making among emission sources, this study pioneers a CO<sub>2</sub> offshore storage investment decision model tailored for coal-fired and gas-fired power plants. Innovating an offshore storage source-sink matching model with a real options model and introducing a pipeline network optimization model allows a realistic source-sink matching strategy to be explored under optimal investment timing. According to the results, among 154 large stationary emission sources in Zhejiang Province, offshore storage could reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 4.59 Gt, utilizing the Qiantang, Minjiang, and Fuzhou depressions. It is economically feasible to implement offshore storage with a whole-process unit cost of 368.8 CNY/t<sub>CO2</sub>, mainly dominated by capture costs. A hybrid carbon tax-subsidy policy promotes carbon reduction and economic benefits, offering a more effective incentive for emission sources to invest in offshore storage than a single policy. At a hybrid policy price of 250 CNY/t<sub>CO2</sub>, all 27 selected emission sources are projected to invest in offshore storage by 2048, with a preference for the Qiantang depression as the storage site. Practically, this study provides important technical support and guidance for the large-scale deployment of offshore storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immobilized heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid: A review 二氧化碳加氢制甲酸的固定化异相催化剂:综述
Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100322
Hongwei Li , Bo Peng , Shuaishuai Lv , Qiuming Zhou , Zhennan Yan , Xuebin Luan , Xuandong Liu , Congcong Niu , Yanfang Liu , Jili Hou , Zhiqiang Wang , Ying Chen , Binhang Yan , Zhigang Tang , Chaopeng Hou , Kang Qin , Yu Wu , Run Xu
Formic acid is a promising hydrogen storage medium that can be produced via the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2. Compared with heterogeneous catalysts, homogeneous catalysts composed of organic metal complexes, especially Ru- and Ir-based catalysts, show higher activity and selectivity for the catalytic reaction of CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid; however, it is difficult to separate them from the reaction products. Heterogeneous catalysts prepared by immobilizing metal complexes onto solid materials demonstrate high activity and selectivity, similar to homogeneous catalysts, and solve the problem of catalyst separation. For preparing such catalysts, the choice of support is particularly important because effective anchoring is the key to realize catalyst recycling. Supported heterogeneous catalysts are mainly based on inorganic oxides and porous polymers (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and organic polymers). This review comprehensively examines the advancements in immobilized heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO2, focusing on support materials, reaction mechanisms, catalyst immobilization conditions, and the impact of various reaction conditions on catalytic performance. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis of immobilized catalysts and their homogeneous counterparts, underlining the advantages of site isolation and the role of support materials in enhancing catalytic activity. The design and development of immobilized heterogeneous catalysts are important in the field of CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid because of their abundant active sites, excellent catalytic stability, flexible chemical modifiability, and low preparation cost. We conclude with perspectives on future research directions, emphasizing the need for innovative catalyst designs and optimization of reaction conditions to achieve sustainable and economically viable CO2 hydrogenation processes.
甲酸是一种前景广阔的储氢介质,可通过催化 CO2 加氢生成。与异相催化剂相比,由有机金属络合物组成的均相催化剂,尤其是基于 Ru 和 Ir 的催化剂,在 CO2 加氢生成甲酸的催化反应中表现出更高的活性和选择性,但很难将它们从反应产物中分离出来。将金属络合物固定在固体材料上制备的异相催化剂具有与均相催化剂类似的高活性和高选择性,并解决了催化剂分离的问题。在制备此类催化剂时,载体的选择尤为重要,因为有效的锚定是实现催化剂循环利用的关键。支撑型异相催化剂主要基于无机氧化物和多孔聚合物(如金属有机框架、共价有机框架和有机聚合物)。本综述全面探讨了用于 CO2 加氢的固定化异质催化剂的研究进展,重点关注支撑材料、反应机理、催化剂固定化条件以及各种反应条件对催化性能的影响。此外,我们还对固定化催化剂和均相催化剂进行了比较分析,强调了位点分离的优势和支撑材料在提高催化活性方面的作用。固定化异相催化剂具有丰富的活性位点、优异的催化稳定性、灵活的化学修饰性和低廉的制备成本,因此其设计和开发在 CO2 加氢制甲酸领域具有重要意义。最后,我们展望了未来的研究方向,强调了创新催化剂设计和优化反应条件的必要性,以实现可持续且经济可行的二氧化碳加氢工艺。
{"title":"Immobilized heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to formic acid: A review","authors":"Hongwei Li ,&nbsp;Bo Peng ,&nbsp;Shuaishuai Lv ,&nbsp;Qiuming Zhou ,&nbsp;Zhennan Yan ,&nbsp;Xuebin Luan ,&nbsp;Xuandong Liu ,&nbsp;Congcong Niu ,&nbsp;Yanfang Liu ,&nbsp;Jili Hou ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Ying Chen ,&nbsp;Binhang Yan ,&nbsp;Zhigang Tang ,&nbsp;Chaopeng Hou ,&nbsp;Kang Qin ,&nbsp;Yu Wu ,&nbsp;Run Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100322","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100322","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Formic acid is a promising hydrogen storage medium that can be produced via the catalytic hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>. Compared with heterogeneous catalysts, homogeneous catalysts composed of organic metal complexes, especially Ru- and Ir-based catalysts, show higher activity and selectivity for the catalytic reaction of CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to formic acid; however, it is difficult to separate them from the reaction products. Heterogeneous catalysts prepared by immobilizing metal complexes onto solid materials demonstrate high activity and selectivity, similar to homogeneous catalysts, and solve the problem of catalyst separation. For preparing such catalysts, the choice of support is particularly important because effective anchoring is the key to realize catalyst recycling. Supported heterogeneous catalysts are mainly based on inorganic oxides and porous polymers (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and organic polymers). This review comprehensively examines the advancements in immobilized heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub>, focusing on support materials, reaction mechanisms, catalyst immobilization conditions, and the impact of various reaction conditions on catalytic performance. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis of immobilized catalysts and their homogeneous counterparts, underlining the advantages of site isolation and the role of support materials in enhancing catalytic activity. The design and development of immobilized heterogeneous catalysts are important in the field of CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation to formic acid because of their abundant active sites, excellent catalytic stability, flexible chemical modifiability, and low preparation cost. We conclude with perspectives on future research directions, emphasizing the need for innovative catalyst designs and optimization of reaction conditions to achieve sustainable and economically viable CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":9387,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Capture Science & Technology","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100322"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mass granulation of Al-promoted CaO-based sorbent via moulding-crushing methods for cyclic CO2 capture 通过模压-破碎方法大规模造粒铝促进的 CaO 基吸附剂,用于循环捕获二氧化碳
Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100321
Tao Jiang , Joe Yeang Cheah , Zetong Liu , Zhaojie Fang , Xinyi Guan , Yue Wang , Shengping Wang , Xinbin Ma
Calcium looping (CaL) process, as an effective way to achieve CO2 mitigation from high-temperature flue gas streams, is one of the most promising alternatives to amine scrubbing (a well-established technology for industrial post-combustion CO2 capture). CaO sorbent is considered to be an ideal CO2 adsorption material. Moreover, the development of granulation/pelletization techniques along with the mass preparation of the CaO-based sorbent is imperative for realistic large-scale applications. This work proposes two practicable moulding-crushing techniques for the scale-up granulation of CaO-based sorbents, in which the kilogram-scale produced Al-promoted CaO-based sorbent powders were first moulded and subsequently crushed into the granules of target sizes. Three types of organic acids–acetic acid, citric acid and malonic acid were employed as peptizing agents to optimize the granulation process. As a result, the anti-attrition properties and compressive strength of the synthetic sorbents were elevated owing to the introduction of an appropriate amount of acetic or malonic acid, for it expedited the disintegration of the pseudo-boehmite (served as binder agent) particles into sol particles, which allowed for tighter bonding of sorbent particles. In addition, corncob powder acted as a pore-forming agent, enhancing the porous structure of the sorbent particles due to the gases released from the thermal decomposition of organic groups during calcination. Nevertheless, the results revealed that the porous and loose structure adversely affected the mechanical strength of the granules.
钙循环(CaL)工艺是实现高温烟道气流二氧化碳减排的有效方法,是胺洗涤(一种成熟的工业燃烧后二氧化碳捕集技术)最有前途的替代技术之一。氧化钙吸附剂被认为是一种理想的二氧化碳吸附材料。此外,在大规模制备 CaO 基吸附剂的同时,开发造粒/造粒技术也是实际大规模应用的当务之急。本研究提出了两种切实可行的模压-粉碎技术,用于氧化钙基吸附剂的放大造粒。在这两种技术中,首先对公斤级的铝促进氧化钙基吸附剂粉末进行模压,然后将其粉碎成目标尺寸的颗粒。为了优化造粒过程,采用了三种有机酸(醋酸、柠檬酸和丙二酸)作为酸化剂。结果,由于引入了适量的醋酸或丙二酸,合成吸附剂的抗损耗性能和抗压强度都得到了提高,因为醋酸或丙二酸可加速伪沸石(作为粘合剂)颗粒分解成溶胶颗粒,从而使吸附剂颗粒结合得更紧密。此外,玉米芯粉末还是一种孔隙形成剂,煅烧过程中有机基团热分解释放出的气体增强了吸附剂颗粒的多孔结构。然而,研究结果表明,多孔和疏松的结构对颗粒的机械强度产生了不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
Available data and knowledge gaps of the CESAR1 solvent system CESAR1 溶剂系统的现有数据和知识差距
Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100290
Diego Morlando , Vanja Buvik , Asmira Delic , Ardi Hartono , Hallvard F. Svendsen , Hanne M. Kvamsdal , Eirik F. da Silva , Hanna K. Knuutila
Amine-based chemical absorption stands out as the leading technology for post-combustion CO2-capture. A blend of 3 M 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP) and 1.5 M piperazine (PZ), also known as CESAR1, has proven to outperform the current benchmark ethanolamine (MEA), exhibiting better energy performance and lower degradation rates. This review aims to gather all the experimental laboratory and pilot available data for CESAR1 and its constituent components. Experimental gaps to develop reliable process models are detected and future experiments are proposed. An overview of the knowledge related to amine and degradation compound emissions and environmental impacts of CESAR1, together with hands-on experience in operating the solvent, is presented in this review.
The main findings of the review are that sufficient physical properties, N2O-solubility, and speciation data for the CESAR1 solvent are not available in the open literature, even though necessary for the development of reliable process models. A review of the degradation compounds for AMP, PZ and AMP/PZ blends outlines that the nitrogen balance for AMP and PZ is not closed, meaning that there still are compounds that need identification and quantification in the degraded solvent. Given the higher volatility of AMP compared to MEA, a better understanding of the formation and behaviour of aerosol and gas phase emissions is required. A review of pilot plant campaigns for AMP/PZ blends shows that CESAR1 performs better in terms of energy compared to MEA and degrades less. There is, however, the need for high-quality pilot campaigns where all data needed for process model validation is provided for the scientific community. Finally, amine emission mitigation strategies and data on the environmental impact and toxicity of AMP and PZ are presented and discussed.
胺类化学吸收技术是燃烧后捕集二氧化碳的领先技术。事实证明,3 M 2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)和 1.5 M 哌嗪(PZ)的混合物(也称为 CESAR1)优于目前的基准乙醇胺(MEA),表现出更好的能量性能和更低的降解率。本综述旨在收集有关 CESAR1 及其组成成分的所有实验室和试验数据。发现了在开发可靠工艺模型方面存在的实验差距,并提出了未来的实验建议。本综述概述了与胺和降解化合物排放以及 CESAR1 对环境的影响有关的知识,并介绍了操作该溶剂的实践经验。综述的主要发现是,尽管对于开发可靠的工艺模型十分必要,但公开文献中并没有关于 CESAR1 溶剂的充分的物理性质、N2O 溶解性和规格数据。对 AMP、PZ 和 AMP/PZ 混合物的降解化合物进行审查后发现,AMP 和 PZ 的氮平衡尚未结束,这意味着降解溶剂中仍有一些化合物需要识别和定量。鉴于 AMP 与 MEA 相比具有更高的挥发性,因此需要更好地了解气溶胶和气相排放物的形成和行为。对 AMP/PZ 混合物试点工厂活动的审查表明,与 MEA 相比,CESAR1 的能量表现更好,降解也更少。不过,需要开展高质量的试验活动,为科学界提供工艺模型验证所需的所有数据。最后,介绍并讨论了胺排放缓解策略以及 AMP 和 PZ 对环境的影响和毒性数据。
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引用次数: 0
Synergizing black gold and light: A comprehensive analysis of biochar-photocatalysis integration for green remediation 黑金与光的协同作用:生物炭-光催化一体化绿色修复综合分析
Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccst.2024.100315
Iltaf Khan , Samreen Sadiq , Ping Wu , Muhammad Humayun , Sami Ullah , Waleed Yaseen , Sikandar Khan , Abbas Khan , Rasha A. Abumousa , Mohamed Bououdina
Biochar is a porous, high-surface-area, black carbon-rich product that offers a cost-effective and environmentally friendly option to replace conventional charcoal. However, its specific structure and limited biodegradability pose challenges for its widespread applications. Photocatalysis is suggested as an alternative approach to harness solar energy and transform it into solar fuels. Interestingly, nanomaterials-based photocatalysts with tailored energy band properties and non-toxic characteristics, high surface areas, enhanced stability, and tunable pore sizes, have gained attention for their potential in diverse applications. Therefore, existing research on biochar-based photocatalysis systems (BBPs) aims to address different environmental issues. Interestingly, BBPs offer benefits such as excellent electrical conductivity, versatile functional groups, large surface area, and multiple surface-active sites, promoting high charge mobility, electron reservoir, superior charge separation, and small bandgap. This review provides a comprehensive overview of BBPs developments, including synthesis methods and properties. The fusion of BBPs is used in CO2 conversion, photocatalytic H2 generation, CO2 reduction, pollutants, dyes, and pharmaceutical degradation. Although the intermarriage of BBPs has potential benefits, their effectiveness may be compromised when modified photocatalysts are incorporated, which may negatively influence carrier generation efficiency and overall performance. Therefore, there is empty room for further research on their physical properties, effectiveness, long-term stability, and reusability of BBPs.
生物炭是一种多孔、高比表面积、富含黑碳的产品,为替代传统木炭提供了一种具有成本效益且环保的选择。然而,其特殊的结构和有限的生物降解性为其广泛应用带来了挑战。光催化被认为是利用太阳能并将其转化为太阳能燃料的替代方法。有趣的是,基于纳米材料的光催化剂具有量身定制的能带特性和无毒特性、高比表面积、更高的稳定性和可调孔径,因其在不同应用领域的潜力而备受关注。因此,现有的基于生物炭的光催化系统(BBPs)研究旨在解决不同的环境问题。有趣的是,BBPs 具有优异的导电性、多功能基团、大表面积和多表面活性位点等优点,可促进高电荷迁移率、电子贮存、优异的电荷分离和小带隙。本综述全面概述了 BBPs 的发展,包括合成方法和特性。BBPs 的融合可用于二氧化碳转化、光催化 H2 生成、二氧化碳还原、污染物、染料和药物降解。虽然 BBPs 的相互融合具有潜在的益处,但当加入改性光催化剂时,其有效性可能会受到影响,这可能会对载流子的生成效率和整体性能产生负面影响。因此,BBPs 的物理性质、有效性、长期稳定性和可重复使用性仍有进一步研究的空间。
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引用次数: 0
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Carbon Capture Science & Technology
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