Current health sciences journal最新文献

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a frequent pathology among children with a serious prognosis. Although there is currently a chemotherapeutic treatment, over the years resistance to existing therapy has developed, necessitating new therapeutic approaches. The current study aimed to evaluate in vitro genistein (GEN) on human neuroblastoma cells-IMR-32, a possible candidate for treating NB. The results indicated that GEN does not affect healthy cells (HaCaT), but has a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, at concentrations of 50 and 75µM, significantly reducing viability. Moreover, depending on the dose, GEN degraded the cell membrane by releasing LDH and caused changes in the cell shape as well as at the nuclear level similar to apoptosis. The data provide an important perspective on the therapeutic effect of GEN at the NB level, opening the way to new directions in treating this pathology with natural compounds.

Background: A significant link has been reflected between the respiratory dysfunction and chronic neck pain. Patients with chronic neck pain (CNP) experience various symptoms related to respiratory dysfunction due to its close relationship between muscular attachments and thoracic cage movements. Therefore, it is essential to include respiratory assessment and management while treating patients with CNP. Hence, the present study aims to determine whether physiotherapists incorporate respiratory assessment and management in their practice while treating patients with CNP.

Methodology: It was a cross sectional, observation study, carried out using a Google form, which included a self-structured questionnaire inquiring about the current practice pattern of physiotherapists for managing patients with CNP. Total of 141 Physiotherapists managing patients with CNP were recruited through personal contacts and snowball sampling. Frequency and proportions of responses were analyzed.

Results: Of 141 responses collected, only 3 physiotherapists (2.13%) included respiratory assessment and management in their practice for CNP patients, while majority focus on neuro-musculoskeletal system to be addressed while assessing and managing patients with CNP.

Conclusion: A notable awareness and knowledge gap is revealed by the low number (2.13%) of physiotherapists who treat respiratory dysfunction in CNP patients. This highlights the necessity of better instruction and training in order to understand the importance of respiratory assessment and care for patients with CNP.

Salivary gland carcinomas (SGCs) are rare, aggressive tumors with high histopathological diversity and resistance to conventional therapies. The need for novel therapeutic approaches has drawn attention to natural compounds with antitumor potential. Objective: This study aims to investigate the in vitro and in ovo cytotoxic and safety profiles of two natural agents, kojic acid (KA) and ellagic acid (EA), on human submandibular salivary gland carcinoma (A253) cells and human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT), as well as to assess their irritant potential via the HET-CAM assay. The cytotoxicity and morphological changes of A253 and HaCaT cells were evaluated using the MTT assay and brightfield microscopy. The HET-CAM assay was applied to evaluate the irritant effects of the compounds in ovo. Both KA and EA reduced A253 cell viability in a dose-dependent manner, with the highest cytotoxicity observed at 100 µM. In contrast, HaCaT cells maintained high viability and exhibited no notable morphological alterations post-treatment, supporting the selectivity of the compounds. HET-CAM scores for both KA and EA fell within the non-irritant range (IS=0.07), further confirming their biosafety. KA and EA exhibit promising antitumor activity against A253 salivary gland carcinoma cells, with minimal toxicity toward normal epithelial cells and no significant irritation potential. These findings justify further investigation of these compounds for their potential use as adjuvant agents in the treatment of salivary gland carcinoma (SGC).

Background: The Republic of Moldova is an Eastern European country with the capital in Chisinau and 2,5 million inhabitants (57% rural areas).

Aim: To identify differences between rural, urban and Chisinau family doctors' perception of patient safety culture and to benchmark the results.

Methods: This cross-sectional study is based on 776 responses gathered with the AHRQ MOSOPSC in 2020. Percent of positive responses (PPRs) by item and administrative area were analyzed and benchmarked against other countries.

Results: PPRs based on responses from Chisinau (45%), rural (33%) and urban (22%) primary healthcare facilities (PHFs) were ≥ 75% for 80% items and ≤50% for tree items: rush when taking care of patients, high ratio patient/personnel, inadequate capacity to handle everything effectively. Five items in urban areas had PPRs significantly lower than in the other areas: exchanging accurate, complete and timely information with hospitals (70%); level of disorganization in the office (64%); workflow problems in the office (60%), difficulty to voice disagreement (56%), insufficient staff to handle the patient load (36%).

Conclusion: Significant differences were only found in urban PHFs. High shortage of resources in rural areas and free choice of family doctors by rural residents increase affluence to urban or Chisinau PHFs. Urban PHFs have less resources to cope with patient number and workflow than Chisinau and this is likely to lead to significant differences in the family doctors' perception of patient safety culture.

Purinic derivatives has recently attracted attention as a potential therapeutic agent, with preliminary evidence suggesting its utility in the management of osteonecrosis of the jaw. work aims at providing an update of the current literature, shedding light on the purinic derivatives treatment for patients who received intravenous antiresorptive drugs and developed osteonecrosis of the jaw. A retrospective study was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of "Prof. Dr. Dan Theodorescu" Clinical Hospital in Bucharest, Romania, involving 160 consecutive patients diagnosed with refractory, established antiresorptive drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw between 2022 and 2024. A study group of 23 consecutive patients was selected to receive adjunctive therapy with pentoxifylline (800 mg/day) and vitamin E (1000 IU/day) for six months, while the remaining 137 patients who were not eligible for pentoxifylline tretament formed the control group. Bone healing outcomes were assessed based on the extent of exposed necrotic bone. The study results indicate the fact that 100% of patients in the study group experienced symptomatic improvement, despite a higher prevalence of stage III medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, provides strong evidence supporting the therapeutic efficacy observed in this sample population. Post-hoc power analysis showed that the study was strongly powered to detect the observed differences, supporting the reliability of the results. Treatment with purine derivatives demonstrates significant therapeutic potential in the management of antiresorptive drug-related osteonecrosis of the jaw and should be considered as complementary to the standard therapy, particularly in advanced stages of the disease.

Background: Falls are considered to be the most frequent and significant cause of unintentional harm and mortality among the elderly. Impaired vision is a significant risk factor for falls.

Aim: To analyse the relationship between visual impairment and falls in the elderly.

Methodology: This hospital-based cross-sectional study included 270 participants after obtaining informed consent. Details of demographic profile, lifestyle, gait and balance deficits, ophthalmic and systemic condition were collected. The identification of independent risk variables for falls in the elderly was performed by logistic regression analysis.

Results: Among 270 participants, 115 participants had falls. The mean age of fallers was 72.97 years. Females had significant falls. 87.8% of participants had visual impairment. Visual risk factors like cataract (80.9%), uncorrected refractive error (59.1%), glaucoma (24.3%), age-related macular degeneration (20.2%), and corneal opacity (13%) were very strongly associated with fall (P<0.001). On multivariate logistic regression analysis visual risk variables like Cataract, uncorrected refractive error and glaucoma had a significant association with falls (P<0.05) with an adjusted odds ratio (aOR) of less than 1. Diabetic retinopathy had strong association of fall (P<0.001) with aOR of 41.8 (95% CI 4.27-409.2).

Conclusion: Falls and visual impairment are public health concerns that require attention. Since many causes of visual impairment in the elderly are reversible, lowering the risk of falls in this population may be a controllable goal.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by a mutation in Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), primarily affecting bones undergoing intramembranous ossification, characterized by generalized dysplasia of bones and teeth. Affected individuals exhibit short stature, partial or complete absence of clavicles, delayed fontanel closure, open skull sutures, multiple wormian bones. Dental issues include retention of deciduous teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth, absence of cellular cementum. Diagnosis is based on clinical & radiographic findings. Early diagnosis enhances treatment and quality of life. This case series presents spectrum of clinical and radiographic findings of four adult CCD patients with varying dysplasia manifestations.

The discovery of anti- tuberculosis (TB) drugs, in the middle of last century, did not resolve the goal of a better healing, and the most important cause is represented by delayed diagnosis of TB disease. We conducted a single-center case control study, from January, 1st, 2017 to December, 31st, 2024, including 400 adult symptomatic inpatients diagnosed with post TB lung disease (PTLD), after a previous episode of treated TB disease. There were excluded 168 patients without pulmonary function testing (PFT), those with significant occupational exposure, and/or diseases autoimmune, COVID-19 or HIV infection, which might interfere lung function assessment. All demographics, behavioral and baseline PTB characteristics (relapses, clinical, imagistic, endoscopic, microbiologic, PFT, evolution) were assessed in order to inventorying sequelae and lung damage, types of lung function impairment. Eligible patients (n=232), mean aged 60.94+/-11.895 years, males (55.17%), were divided into 129 cases with previous bacteriologically confirmed PTB (mean age 58.37+/-11.86 years; 55.81% males) and 103 controls with previous clinically diagnosed PTB (mean age 60.04+/-11.222; 54.37% males). Delayed diagnosis and relapses of PTB had greater impact on PTLD development in cases (p=0.000), as well as previous cavitary PTB (p=0.000). The risk of death, during hospitalization, was greater in cases (p=0.000). Spectrum of PTLD, in cases, was dominated by bronchiectasis (p=0.000), suppurative episodes (p=0.004), open healing cavitation (p=0.000), intracavitary aspergilloma (p=0.002), fibrothorax (p=0.000), lung function impairment (p=0.030). In conclusion, PTLD severity is related to delayed diagnosis of previous contagious PTB, permanent lung damage, impairment of lung function, having a higher risk of death.

The prevalence of mental disorders is increasing across the European Union, with at least one in four individuals expected to experience a psychiatric condition at some point in their lifetime. Notably, men and women often present with distinct symptomatology. Among neuropsychiatric disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common and functionally impairing condition in childhood, affecting approximately 5% of minors. Its persistence into adulthood is substantial, with prevalence estimates reaching up to 3% in adult populations. ADHD is characterized by dysregulated dopaminergic signaling, which disrupts reward processing and motivation. Additionally, disturbances in circadian rhythms contribute to sleep dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction, further exacerbating symptom severity. While both mechanisms have been well-documented, their interaction remains insufficiently explored, particularly regarding its implications for diagnosis and treatment optimization. Future research should systematically examine the interplay between dopaminergic and noradrenergic dysfunction and circadian disruptions in ADHD, particularly in relation to symptom expression and comorbid conditions. Experimental paradigms assessing reward processing may provide valuable insights into dopamine and norepinephrine system alterations, while chronotherapeutic interventions-such as light therapy, sleep regulation, and behavioral adjustments-hold promise as potential therapeutic strategies. By integrating perspectives from neurobiology, chronobiology, and psychopharmacology, a more refined and individualized approach to ADHD management can be developed. Advancing this understanding may not only enhance ADHD treatment strategies but also yield novel therapeutic avenues for addressing its frequently co-occurring conditions.

Fracture distal end radius is one of the most common fracture treated in orthopedic emergencies. Nearly 1/6th (16%) of all fractures in orthopedic emergencies involve the distal end of the Radius. This is a prospective-interventional study conducted in the department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Mangolpuri, New Delhi with a sample size of the study is thirty patients treated with an external fixator from January 2021 to June 2022. Out of 30 patients, the number of female patients was 16 (53.33%) and the number of male patients was 14 (46.67%). The mean age of the patient was 50.5 years. 27 (90%) out of 30 patients were right-handed people which was a common behavioral finding and thus we expect more right side distal radius fracture in our study. Functional outcome was evaluated with the Gartland & Werley scoring system. 14 patients (46.67%) showed excellent results, 11 patients (36.67%) showed good, 3 patients (10%) showed fair, whereas 2 (6.67%) patients showed poor results. Stiffness was the most common complication seen in 6 patients (20%). From this study, it is concluded that an external fixator is a simple, safe, and cost-effective method for the treatment of distal end radius fracture with a lesser duration of hospital stay. It reduces the fracture by means of ligamentotaxis and maintains the reduction as well as restores the radial length without interfering with the fracture healing process.