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Effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion/epithelial transport on phenolics and bioactivities of particles of brewer's spent yeasts loaded with Brazilian red propolis. 模拟胃肠道消化/上皮转运对装载巴西红蜂胶的啤酒废酵母颗粒的酚类物质和生物活性的影响。
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113345
Ana Sofia Martelli Chaib Saliba, Dannaya Julliethy Gomes Quirino, Carmen Sílvia Favaro-Trindade, Alan Giovanini de Oliveira Sartori, Adna Prado Massarioli, Josy Goldoni Lazarini, Anna Paula de Souza Silva, Severino Matias de Alencar

Red propolis from northeast Brazil contains mainly isoflavonoids as bioactive compounds, and its consumption may counteract unregulated and exacerbated formation of reactive oxygen species and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines. Moreover, the production of particles using sustainable carriers have been studied to increase the use of propolis as a functional food ingredient. Hence, the objective of this work was to investigate the effects of simulated gastrointestinal digestion followed by a cell-based epithelial transport on phenolic profile, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of particles of brewer's spent yeasts (BSY) loaded with ethanolic extract of Brazilian red propolis (EEP). As a result, the EEP phenolic diversity decreased throughout the simulated gastrointestinal system, and was modulated by the particle production, as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography - electrospray ionization - quadrupole-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS). Concomitantly, the antioxidant activity, as assessed by the ability to scavenge peroxyl and superoxide radicals, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorous acid, generally decreased at a higher extent for the particles of EEP with BSY (EEP-BSY) throughout the experiments. Nonetheless, after epithelial transport through the Caco-2 cell monolayer, the basolateral fraction of both EEP-BSY and EEP decreased the activation of pro-inflammatory transcription factor NF-κB by 83% and 65%, respectively, as well as the release of TNF-α (up to 51% and 38%, respectively), and CXCL2/MIP-2 (up to 33% and 25%, respectively). Therefore, BSY may be an interesting carrier for EEP bioencapsulation, since it preserves its anti-inflammatory activity. Further studies should be encouraged to investigate the feasibility of adding it in formulations of functional foods, considering its effect on sensory attributes.

来自巴西东北部的红蜂胶主要含有作为生物活性化合物的类黄酮,食用它可能会抵消活性氧和炎性细胞因子/趋化因子的不受调节和加剧的形成。此外,还研究了使用可持续载体生产颗粒,以增加蜂胶作为功能性食品成分的使用。因此,本工作的目的是研究模拟胃肠道消化和基于细胞的上皮转运对装载巴西红蜂胶(EEP)乙醇提取物的啤酒废酵母(BSY)颗粒的酚类、抗炎和抗氧化活性的影响。因此,通过高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离-四极杆飞行时间质谱(HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS)检测,EEP酚类多样性在整个模拟胃肠系统中降低,并受到颗粒产生的调节。同时,通过清除过氧和超氧化物自由基、过氧化氢和次氯酸的能力来评估的抗氧化活性,在整个实验中,具有BSY的EEP颗粒(EEP-BSY)的抗氧化活性通常以更高的程度降低。尽管如此,在上皮通过Caco-2细胞单层转运后,EEP-BSY和EEP的基底外侧部分分别降低了促炎转录因子NF-κB的激活83%和65%,以及TNF-α(分别高达51%和38%)和CXCL2/MIP-2(分别高高达33%和25%)的释放。因此,BSY可能是EEP生物包膜的一种有趣的载体,因为它保留了其抗炎活性。考虑到其对感官特性的影响,应鼓励进一步研究将其添加到功能性食品配方中的可行性。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of different high-temperature conduction modes on the ovalbumin-glucose model: AGEs production and regulation of glycated ovalbumin on gut microbiota. 不同高温传导模式对卵清蛋白-葡萄糖模型的影响:AGEs的产生和糖化卵清蛋白对肠道微生物群的调节。
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113487
Haiqi Chen, Yanru Zhou, Siqiong Zhang, Zuohua Xie, Pingwei Wen, Hui Wang, Yueming Hu, Peihan Wu, Jiaojiao Liu, Qiannan Jiang, Zongcai Tu

Food high-temperature processing frequently induces the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in the food industry. In this study, the effects of three high-temperature conduction modes on the AGEs production derived from ovalbumin (OVA)-glucose model and the regulation of glycated OVA on gut microbiota were investigated. The peak time of OVA shifted maximally from 13.72 to 13.57 due to the rise in molecular weight, confirming successful coupling between OVA and glucose. The inhibition of superheated steam (SS) on AGEs was observed, with the sample treated by SS showing the lowest content among glycated OVA groups. The analysis revealed an increase in AGEs during digestion and a decrease in fermentation, suggesting the release during digestion and the availability by intestinal flora. Furthermore, an expansion of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, and the inhibition of Desulfovibrio and Escherichia-Shigella were observed, indicating the prebiotic activity of glycated OVA and its potential to improve intestinal health. These results provide valuable information for controlling high-temperature processing to inhibit AGEs formation and highlight the positive effects of glycated proteins on intestinal health.

在食品工业中,食品高温加工经常导致晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)的产生。在本研究中,研究了三种高温传导模式对卵清蛋白(OVA)-葡萄糖模型产生AGEs的影响以及糖化OVA对肠道微生物群的调节。由于分子量的增加,OVA的峰值时间从13.72最大地移动到13.57,证实了OVA和葡萄糖之间的成功偶联。观察到过热蒸汽(SS)对AGEs的抑制作用,用SS处理的样品在糖化OVA组中显示出最低的含量。分析显示,AGEs在消化过程中增加,发酵过程中减少,表明消化过程中释放,肠道菌群可利用。此外,观察到双歧杆菌和乳酸杆菌的扩增,以及脱硫弧菌和大肠杆菌志贺菌的抑制,表明糖化OVA的益生元活性及其改善肠道健康的潜力。这些结果为控制高温加工以抑制AGEs的形成提供了有价值的信息,并强调了糖化蛋白对肠道健康的积极影响。
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引用次数: 1
Effect of vacuum and modified atmosphere packaging on moisture state, quality, and microbial communities of grouper (Epinephelus coioides) fillets during cold storage. 真空和改性气氛包装对石斑鱼鱼片冷藏期间水分状态、质量和微生物群落的影响。
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113340
Zhijun Yang, Jun Yan, Jing Xie

The study aimed to assess the impact of different packaging methods on the moisture state, quality, and microbial composition of grouper fillets. The grouper fillets were packaged under the following four conditions: vacuum packaging (VP), 70% CO2/30% N2 (MAP1); 60% CO2/30% N2/10% O2 (MAP2); 40% CO2/30% N2/30% O2 (MAP3). Physicochemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated during 21 days of cold storage. The result demonstrated that MAP was effective in inhibiting microbial growth and accumulation of total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), while also maintaining the water-holding capacity (WHC) of grouper fillets. Additionally, MAP1 effectively inhibited lipid and protein oxidation and protected the secondary structure of myofibrils compared to MAP2 and MAP3, with MAP1 samples having the lowest thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value (0.009-0.04 MDA/kg) and carbonyl content (0.20-0.26 μmol/g) and the highest sulfhydryl content (0.25-0.49 μmol/g) during cold storage. The results of high-throughput sequencing revealed that the presence of oxygen in the packaging system significantly influenced bacterial succession. Over time, Carnobacterium gradually became the dominant genera of fillets stored in MAP, and the presence of oxygen in MAP2 and MAP3 accelerated this transition by 9 days, compared to MAP1. In contrast, Enterobacteriaceae and Carnobacterium were the main dominant genera in VP. Remarkably, Enterobacteriaceae were virtually absent in MAP2 and MAP3 during storage, suggesting that the presence of oxygen exerted a significant inhibitory effect on Enterobacteriaceae. This study provides valuable insights into the application of MAP in the preservation of grouper fillets.

该研究旨在评估不同包装方法对石斑鱼鱼片水分状态、质量和微生物组成的影响。石斑鱼鱼片在以下四个条件下包装:真空包装(VP)、70%CO2/30%N2(MAP1);60%二氧化碳/30%N2/10%O2(MAP2);40%二氧化碳/30%氮气/30%氧气(MAP3)。在冷藏21天期间对理化和微生物参数进行了评估。结果表明,MAP在抑制微生物生长和总挥发性碱性氮(TVB-N)积累的同时,还能保持石斑鱼鱼片的保水能力(WHC)。此外,与MAP2和MAP3相比,MAP1有效地抑制了脂质和蛋白质氧化,并保护了肌原纤维的二级结构,其中MAP1样品在冷藏期间具有最低的硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARS)值(0.009-0.04 MDA/kg)和羰基含量(0.20-0.26μmol/g),以及最高的巯基含量(0.25-0.49μmol/g。高通量测序结果表明,包装系统中氧气的存在显著影响了细菌的演替。随着时间的推移,肉杆菌逐渐成为MAP中储存的鱼片的优势属,与MAP1相比,MAP2和MAP3中氧气的存在将这种转变加速了9天。相反,肠杆菌科和肉杆菌属是VP的主要优势属。值得注意的是,在储存过程中,肠杆菌科在MAP2和MAP3中几乎不存在,这表明氧气的存在对肠杆菌科产生了显著的抑制作用。本研究为MAP在石斑鱼鱼片保鲜中的应用提供了有价值的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Coupling dynamics of respiration, gas exchange, and Pseudomonas fluorescens growth on fresh-cut cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in passive modified atmosphere packing. 被动改良气氛包装下鲜切黄瓜呼吸、气体交换和荧光假单胞菌生长的耦合动力学。
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113306
Mengge Sun, Mengru Wang, Haodong Lu, Qiang Yu, Shaofeng Yuan, Yahui Guo, Weirong Yao, Hang Yu

This study established microbial growth models for fresh-cut cucumber packaged with different O2 transmission rate (OTR) films. Biaxially oriented polyamide/low-density polyethylene (BOPA/LDPE) film (Ⅰ: OTR5, Ⅳ: OTR48) and polyethylene (PE) film (Ⅱ: OTR2058, Ⅲ: OTR3875) were used to construct a passive modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). Mathematic models have been established to account for dynamic variations in the O2/CO2 concentration and their impacts on Pseudomonas fluorescens growth. The coupling models included: 1) respiration models of cucumber and P. fluorescens based on Michaëlis-Menten equation, 2) coupling gas exchange models based on Fick's law that contained models of P. fluorescens growth and respiration, 3) coupling microbial growth models contained respiration and gas exchange models. Coupling model with Baranyi function successfully fitted variations of O2/CO2 concentration and P. fluorescens growth in the two packaging. In addition, quality properties of packed fresh-cut cucumber were determined. The film Ⅳ (OTR48) as a high barrier film showed the highest inhibition of P. fluorescens growth, adequately retained its colour, firmness and total soluble solid (TSS) concentration in contrast to the PE films packaging. The constructed coupling models can be utilized for assessing the shelf life and microbial growth of fresh-cut vegetables with spoilage dominated by pseudomonads.

本研究建立了不同透氧率(OTR)膜包装鲜切黄瓜的微生物生长模型。采用双向拉伸聚酰胺/低密度聚乙烯(BOPA/LDPE)薄膜(Ⅰ:OTR5,Ⅳ:OTR48)和聚乙烯(PE)薄膜(Ⅱ:OTR2058,Ⅲ:OTR3875)构建了被动改性气氛包装(MAP)。已经建立了数学模型来解释O2/CO2浓度的动态变化及其对荧光假单胞菌生长的影响。耦合模型包括:1)基于Michaëlis-Menten方程的黄瓜和荧光假单胞菌的呼吸模型;2)基于Fick定律的耦合气体交换模型,包含荧光假单胞杆菌的生长和呼吸模型;3)耦合微生物生长模型,包含呼吸和气体交换模型。具有Baranyi函数的耦合模型成功地拟合了两种包装中O2/CO2浓度和荧光假单胞菌生长的变化。此外,还测定了包装鲜切黄瓜的品质特性。膜Ⅳ(OTR48)作为一种高阻隔膜,与PE膜包装相比,对荧光假单胞菌的生长表现出最高的抑制作用,充分保留了其颜色、硬度和总可溶性固形物(TSS)浓度。所构建的耦合模型可用于评估以假单胞菌为主的腐败蔬菜的保质期和微生物生长。
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引用次数: 1
A review of alternative proteins for vegan diets: Sources, physico-chemical properties, nutritional equivalency, and consumer acceptance. 素食替代蛋白质综述:来源、物理化学特性、营养等效性和消费者接受度。
Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113479
Rutwick Surya Ulhas, Rajeev Ravindran, Alok Malaviya, Anushree Priyadarshini, Brijesh K Tiwari, Gaurav Rajauria

Alternate proteins are gaining popularity as a more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternative to animal-based proteins. These proteins are often considered healthier and are suitable for people following a vegetarian or vegan diet. Alternative proteins can be recovered from natural sources like legumes, grains, nuts, and seeds, while single cell proteins (mycoproteins), and algal proteins are being developed using cutting-edge technology to grow fungus, yeast and algal cells in a controlled environment, creating a more sustainable source of protein. Although, the demand for alternative protein products is increasing, there still happens to be a large gap in use among the general consumers mainly stemming from its lower bioavailability, lack of nutritional equivalency and reduced digestibility compared to animal proteins. The focus of the review is to emphasize on various sources and technologies for recovering alternative proteins for vegan diets. The review discusses physicochemical properties of alternative proteins and emphasise on the role of various processing technologies that can change the digestibility and bioavailability of these proteins. It further accentuates the nutritional equivalency and environmental sustainability of alternative protein against the conventional proteins from animals. The food laws surrounding alternative proteins as well as the commercial potential and consumer acceptance of alternative protein products are also highlighted. Finally, key challenges to improve the consumer acceptability and market value of plant-based proteins would be in achieving nutrient equivalency and enhance bioavailability and digestibility while maintaining the same physicochemical properties, taste, texture, as animal proteins, has also been highlighted.

替代蛋白质作为动物蛋白的一种更可持续、更环保的替代品越来越受欢迎。这些蛋白质通常被认为更健康,适合素食或纯素饮食的人。替代蛋白质可以从豆类、谷物、坚果和种子等天然来源中回收,而单细胞蛋白质(真菌蛋白)和藻类蛋白质正在利用尖端技术在受控环境中培养真菌、酵母和藻类细胞,创造更可持续的蛋白质来源。尽管对替代蛋白质产品的需求正在增加,但普通消费者在使用方面仍然存在很大差距,这主要是因为与动物蛋白质相比,替代蛋白质的生物利用度较低、缺乏营养等效性和消化率降低。综述的重点是强调回收纯素食替代蛋白质的各种来源和技术。该综述讨论了替代蛋白质的物理化学性质,并强调了各种加工技术的作用,这些技术可以改变这些蛋白质的消化率和生物利用度。它进一步强调了替代蛋白质相对于动物传统蛋白质的营养等效性和环境可持续性。还强调了围绕替代蛋白质的食品法以及替代蛋白质产品的商业潜力和消费者接受度。最后,提高消费者对植物蛋白的可接受性和市场价值的关键挑战是实现营养等效性,提高生物利用度和消化率,同时保持与动物蛋白相同的物理化学性质、味道和质地。
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引用次数: 2
Rice bran protein increases the retention of anthocyanins by acting as an encapsulating agent in the spray drying of grape juice. 米糠蛋白通过在葡萄汁的喷雾干燥中充当包埋剂来增加花青素的保留。
Pub Date : 2023-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-07-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113237
Rafael Fernandes Almeida, Matheus Henrique Gouveia Gomes, Louise Emy Kurozawa

Rice bran protein concentrate (RPC), an industrial by-product, may emerge as a green alternative for substituting animal proteins in microencapsulating compounds of interest. This study applied RPC, combined with maltodextrin (MD) as carrier agents, in the spray drying of grape juice, a product rich in these bioactive compounds, seeking to protect anthocyanins from degradation. The effects of carrier agent concentration [C: 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 g of carrier agents (CA)/g of soluble solids of the juice (SS)] and RPC:CA ratio (P: 0%, as a control sample, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%) on anthocyanin retention and powder properties were evaluated. At 1.00 g CA/g SS, the internal and total retentions of anthocyanins improved by 2.4 and 3.2 times, respectively, when the RPC:CA ratio increased from 0% to 20%. The protein also exhibited excellent surface activity on the grape juice and positively influenced the physicochemical properties of the microparticles. There was a reduction in stickiness, degree of caking, and hygroscopicity, in addition to an increased antioxidant capacity when protein was used in combination with MD, especially at 1.00 and 1.25 g CA/g SS. Therefore, this study demonstrated that RPC could enhance the protection of anthocyanins during the spray drying of grape juice.

米糠浓缩蛋白(RPC)是一种工业副产品,可能会成为替代动物蛋白的绿色替代品。本研究将RPC与麦芽糊精(MD)作为载体剂应用于富含这些生物活性化合物的葡萄汁的喷雾干燥中,以保护花青素不被降解。评价了载体剂浓度[C:0.75、1.00和1.25g载体剂(CA)/g果汁(SS)的可溶性固体]和RPC:CA比率(P:0%,作为对照样品,5%、10%、15%和20%)对花青素保留和粉末性质的影响。当RPC:CA比例从0%增加到20%时,在1.00g CA/g SS时,花青素的内部和总保留量分别提高了2.4和3.2倍。该蛋白质对葡萄汁也表现出优异的表面活性,并对微粒的物理化学性质产生积极影响。当蛋白质与MD结合使用时,粘性、结块程度和吸湿性降低,此外抗氧化能力增加,特别是在1.00和1.25 g CA/g SS时。因此,本研究表明RPC可以增强葡萄汁喷雾干燥过程中花青素的保护作用。
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引用次数: 0
Dynamics of Salmonella inoculated during rearing of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) 黑兵蝇幼虫饲养过程中沙门氏菌接种动态
Pub Date : 2021-04-13 DOI: 10.1101/2021.04.13.439665
J. De Smet, D. Vandeweyer, L. Van Moll, D. Lachi, L. Van Campenhout
The black soldier fly is currently the most produced edible insect on industrial scale, with its larval stage being processed into animal feed as the main application. As this insect species enters the feed and food chain, good hygiene and monitoring practices are needed to avoid the entrance of foodborne pathogens via the larvae. However, insufficient data on the risk of such introductions via industrial larvae production are available. To address this gap, a range of rearing trials were conducted in which the substrate, chicken feed, was inoculated with different levels of Salmonella and in which total viable counts and Salmonella counts were determined during the following days. The outgrowth of Salmonella was slower in those experiments with a lower initial contamination level than in experiments with a higher level. No significant reducing effect originating from the larvae on the substrate Salmonella counts was observed, in contrast to previous studies using other substrates. Our study also revealed that airborne transmission of Salmonella is possible under rearing conditions corresponding to those applied at industrial production sites. Based on our results, we recommend insect producers to use substrate ingredients free of Salmonella, and not to count on the antimicrobial activities that BSFL may exert in some situations towards food pathogens. More inoculation studies using other Salmonella serotypes, other zoonotic bacteria, other substrates, larvae of other ages and including variations on rearing protocols are needed in order to obtain a general view on the dynamics of food pathogens in this insect species and to support comprehensive risk assessments.
黑兵蝇是目前工业规模上产量最大的食用昆虫,其幼虫期加工成动物饲料是主要应用。当这种昆虫进入饲料和食物链时,需要良好的卫生和监测措施,以避免食源性病原体通过幼虫进入。然而,关于这种通过工业幼虫生产引入的风险的数据不足。为了解决这一差距,开展了一系列饲养试验,其中在基质鸡饲料中接种不同水平的沙门氏菌,并在接下来的几天内确定总活菌计数和沙门氏菌计数。在初始污染水平较低的实验中,沙门氏菌的生长速度比初始污染水平较高的实验慢。与先前使用其他底物的研究相比,未观察到幼虫对底物沙门氏菌计数的显著减少作用。我们的研究还表明,在与工业生产现场相应的饲养条件下,沙门氏菌可能通过空气传播。基于我们的研究结果,我们建议昆虫生产商使用不含沙门氏菌的底物成分,不要指望BSFL在某些情况下可能对食物病原体发挥的抗菌活性。需要更多的接种研究,使用其他沙门氏菌血清型、其他人畜共患细菌、其他底物、其他年龄的幼虫,包括饲养方案的变化,以便对这种昆虫物种的食物病原体动态有一个总体认识,并支持全面的风险评估。
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引用次数: 23
期刊
Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.)
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