Frontiers in oral health最新文献

Juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma (JTOF) is a rare benign fibro-osseous tumor predominantly affecting the maxillofacial region in children and adolescents. This study represented a case of maxillary reconstruction using deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap for JTOF and systematically reviewed the clinical characteristics and management of JTOF. A systematic review of published studies was performed. Information including clinical features, management, and follow-up was collected. We reported a 15-year-old male with maxillary JTOF. The patient underwent maxillectomy followed by DCIA flap reconstruction guided by 3D-printed surgical guides. No recurrence during 24-month follow-up period. The systematic review included 43 articles and 86 cases. Tumors involved the maxilla and mandible equally, with an average diameter of 4.8 cm. The overall recurrence rate was 23.9%, with a mean follow-up period of 39.2 months. We systematically reviewed the clinical features of JTOF and reported a case managed with DCIA flap maxillary reconstruction. Larger cohorts and extended follow-up are needed to determine the optimal management strategy for this rare disease.

Objective: To compare the accuracy and consistency of five large language models (LLMs) in generating responses about dental trauma.

Materials and methods: Sixty dichotomous (true/false) questions were submitted daily to each LLM (ChatGPT, Google Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, DeepSeek, and Meta AI) for 30 days, totaling 18,000 responses. All interactions were performed under two prompting conditions (zero-shot and zero-shot with context). LLM responses were compared against the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) guidelines. Statistical analysis was conducted using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with a binomial distribution (α = 0.05), alongside calculation of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) based on the 60-item set. Temporal stability was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient ICC.

Results: All LLMs achieved accuracy above 85%, with Microsoft Copilot (91.1%) and DeepSeek (90%) performing best; no significant difference was observed between them (p > 0.05), but both outperformed the other models (p < 0.05). DeepSeek and Microsoft Copilot also showed the highest consistency over 30 days (ICC > 0.90).

Conclusion: All evaluated LLMs, particularly Copilot and DeepSeek, demonstrated high accuracy in providing information on dental trauma, with stable performance over time. While the use of a context prompt did not significantly affect accuracy or stability.

Introduction: Virtual reality haptic simulator (VRHS)-training devices that integrate visual immersion with tactile feedback- are increasingly used in dental education, yet their application in periodontics remains limited. Sonic scaling requires high tactile precision and control, making it a suitable domain for evaluating VRHS efficacy. This study assessed faculty perceptions and performance using VRHS for preclinical periodontal training compared with conventional simulation.

Methods: A quasi-experimental, repeated-measures study was conducted with 30 calibrated faculty members (15 periodontists; 15 general dentists) from the European University of Valencia. Each participant performed standardized calculus removal tasks using both the Simodont® dental trainer and conventional mannequin-based models. Objective outcomes-treatment time, residual calculus, and tip angulation-were recorded, and perceptions were collected through a 14-item Likert questionnaire and open-ended questions adapted from Philip et al. (2023) and Bakr et al. (2016).

Results: Treatment time was significantly shorter in conventional training (26.7% completed <2 min) compared with VRHS (13.3%; p = 0.033). VRHS achieved higher residual calculus scores (3.00 ± 0.00 vs. 2.75 ± 0.21; p < 0.001) and improved tip angulation (2.68 ± 0.36 vs. 2.51 ± 0.44; p = 0.015). Within VRHS, periodontists outperformed general dentists in angulation (2.85 ± 0.18 vs. 2.52 ± 0.42; p = 0.010), though no other group differences were significant. Satisfaction scores were high (mean = 4.16 ± 0.45), and internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.73). Faculty valued repetition, feedback, and confidence building but noted limited realism-particularly the absence of water, soft tissues, and subgingival calculus.

Conclusion: VRHS improved precision and consistency in preclinical scaling while requiring longer completion times. Faculty endorsed its educational value as a complementary tool to conventional training. Continued refinement in tactile realism and broader multicenter validation are needed to consolidate its integration into periodontal education.

First bite syndrome (FBS) manifests is characterized by severe parotid pain triggered by the first bite of food, with or without muscle spasms. The pain typically diminishes with subsequent bites. We report a case of 32-year-old male with Marcus-Gunn syndrome (30-year history), no prior head or neck surgery, tumors, infections, or temporomandibular joint disease. Since age of 15, he experiences bilateral parotid pain and spasms exclusively upon consuming ice cream in high ambient temperatures post-summer exercise. Symptoms resolve spontaneously within 30 s and persist despite trials of heat therapy, massage, and physiotherapy. While approximately 42% of FBS cases have identifiable etiology, others implicate aberrant activity in the auriculotemporal, greater auricular, or cervical sympathetic nerves. In this patient, symptoms occur only with cold food ingestion in hot environments, suggesting involvement of the trigeminal nerve's mandibular branch in oral thermosensation. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case linking FBS symptoms to temperature sensation.

Introduction: Developmental defects of enamel (DDE) encompass a spectrum of conditions that occur during tooth formation, including enamel fluorosis, molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH), and other forms of enamel hypoplasia. It has been proposed that DDE are associated with nutritional deficiencies as well as environmental exposures during tooth development.

Objective: This scoping review summarized and analyzed the evidence on the association between dietary habits, environmental exposures, medical/health-related factors, demographic factors and biological factors and DDE aiming to provide a comprehensive overview of the available evidence in this area.

Methodology: Following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) framework using Population, Concept, and Context (PCC) to guide the development of the research question and eligibility. The population of interest were individuals from any age group or gender diagnosed with DDE. The eligibility concepts were factors that may contribute to DDE such as dietary and environmental exposures. The study selection followed the PRISMA guidelines. Studies published from January 1993 to December 2024 were identified through searches in Web of Science and PubMed.

Results: Our review included 125 studies from 1993 to 2024, mainly on fluorosis (105 studies), mostly cross-sectional, and conducted in Asia and North America. Fewer studies addressed MIH (5) and other non-fluorosis DDE (15), primarily in Europe, South America, and Asia, with most participants being children aged 6-12 years, and small sample sizes. The review evaluated DDE and its main subtypes, molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and enamel fluorosis across conditions, overlapping risk factors were identified, such as excessive fluoride intake, vitamin D deficiency, early childhood illnesses, and exposure to environmental contaminants. Condition-specific patterns were also noted, fluorosis being primarily associated with high fluoride exposure and early weaning, whereas MIH was more frequently linked to vitamin D deficiency and early systemic.

Conclusion: The findings highlight that enamel fluorosis, MIH, and other enamel hypoplasias are part of a shared continuum of DDE influenced by interrelated dietary, environmental, and biological factors. These findings suggest common developmental pathways leading to enamel disruption and emphasize the need for longitudinal and mechanistic studies to clarify causal relationships and inform preventive strategies.

The incorporation of cerium instead of calcium into the crystal lattice of hydroxyapatite appears to increase the resistance of dental hard tissues to caries lesion initiation and progression. The effect on initial biofilm formation is yet unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of cerium(III)chloride (50%CeCl₃) pretreatment of hydroxyapatite (HA) discs on subsequent growth of an initial 3 species caries-biofilm. Twelve 9.5 mm diameter hydroxyapatite discs were divided into three groups (n = 4) and treated for 1 min with either 50% CeCl₃, ultrapure water (Control), or 0.02% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and washed twice in ultrapure water for 1 min. Samples were incubated in artificial saliva (21 °C, 120 min) for pellicle formation and then placed in an active attachment caries biofilm model comprising Actinomyces naeslundii, Schaalia odontolytica, and Streptococcus mutans, cultured anaerobically at 37 °C for 4 h before being fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde and examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX) in high-vacuum mode. SEM-micrographs at up to 50,000× showed net-like or spherical precipitates on the surface of all CeCl₃-samples but not on the Control or CHX-samples. CeCl₃-samples also showed signs of acid attack possibly due to the low pH (2.6) of the CeCl₃ solution. Rods and cocci were found on all Control, but only on 2 of 4 CHX samples. On CeCl₃ samples, only one harbored isolated cocci but no rods were observed. EDX-analyses confirmed the presence of Cerium in all CeCl₃ samples with atomic percent (At%) ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 for areas without visible precipitates and up to 4.1 for areas with precipitates. CeCl₃-treatment before pellicle formation results in the development of precipitates on the surface of HA and appears to have potential to inhibit initial biofilm growth on HA compared to CHX treated or untreated controls.

Oral health outcomes are shaped not only by biological and clinical factors but by social and structural conditions. This narrative review synthesizes social science contributions to oral health research published between 2015 and 2025, situating them within a longer history of interdisciplinary engagement. Foundational social science concepts have informed contemporary frameworks of dental public health, yet their methodological and theoretical integration remains limited. Relevant studies were identified in PubMed and AnthroSource. Peer-reviewed, English-language articles that substantively engage oral health through qualitative approaches were selected for inclusion. Drawing on methods such as interviews, focus groups, and ethnography, this body of research highlights how cultural frameworks, institutional barriers, and lived experiences shape oral health practices and outcomes. Across this literature, three purposes for integrating social science emerge: (1) adding interpretive depth to quantitative data; (2) analyzing how behavioral logics interact with structural constraints; and (3) improving outcomes through culturally responsive interventions. In our conceptual synthesis of this work, we argue for the continued development of bridge concepts (e.g., oral health fatalism, tooth shame, and status passage), which enable collaboration across disciplines by linking clinical practice to social context. Social science approaches expand explanatory frameworks, deepen contextual understanding, and illuminate oral health as a social and ethical phenomenon. By moving beyond methodological borrowing toward co-production of knowledge, interdisciplinary collaboration can more effectively address oral health inequities and support the development of care that is both scientifically rigorous and socially responsive.

Introduction: Oral diseases remain a public health concern in the Dominican Republic, with epidemiological data indicating greater severity compared to other countries with similar geo-economic profiles. Numerous organizations, both governmental and private, have been involved in addressing this issue. Various nonprofit organizations have implemented oral health initiatives in the form of programs aimed at mitigating this situation. However, these projects often lack validation through studies assessing their impact on oral health outcomes.

Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the oral health status of a pediatric population and its association with perceived quality of life, while also evaluating the impact of a specific oral health program conducted in the city of San Francisco de Macorís. The evaluation aims to identify areas for improvement in the program's design and implementation.

Methods: The oral health program was assessed over the period 2019-2024. Oral health status was measured using a World Health Organization (WHO)-based survey, and oral health-related quality of life was assessed with the culturally adapted Spanish version of the COHIP-19SF questionnaire. The impact of the program was analyzed using various health and quality-of-life indicators.

Results: At baseline in 2019, 94 children from three regions in the Dominican Republic were assessed. Over five years, the restoration index improved substantially from 31.4% to 86.2%, indicating better access to dental care. Quality of life, measured using the COHIP-SF19, also improved. Significant gains were seen in functional well-being, oral health, and self-image domains, while socio-emotional well-being remained unchanged. Overall, the total COHIP-SF19 score dropped by 4 points, reflecting a meaningful improvement in oral health-related quality of life.

Conclusion: The intervention significantly reduced primary tooth decay, improved treatment access, and enhanced children's oral health-related quality of life. These results support the value of sustained oral health programs in vulnerable communities.

Background: The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of dental wear (DW) and evaluate potential contributing factors in the Hail province of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A total of 386 individuals were involved in this cross-sectional study, which combined clinical assessments and questionnaire-based investigations. The clinical assessment using the Tooth Wear Index (TWI) was conducted. Each tooth was assigned a TWI score, and subsequently, individuals were classified into groups according to their level of risk. In addition to completing a demographic questionnaire, participants were also asked to respond to inquiries about their social, dietary, and dental health practices. The Chi-square test was used to investigate the association between the variables. The logistic regression analysis was also conducted to identify factors associated with tooth wear and its related clinical variables.

Results: A comprehensive examination was conducted on all 386 patients, revealing that 219 individuals (56.73%) exhibited observable indications of DW. The study sample exhibited a prevalence of dentin exposure accompanied by sensitivity at a rate of 97 cases, representing 25.6% of the total sample. In the current investigation, a total of 111 individuals, representing 28.8% of the sample, were identified as requiring dental care as a result of DW. There was a significant association between the severity of DW and variables such as age, sex, and educational level (p < 0.05). A significant correlation was observed between diet, oral health practices, and tooth wear (p < 0.05). The analysis highlights diet, systemic health, brushing timing, region/type of tooth wear, symptoms, and treatment needs as significant predictors of tooth wear.

Conclusions: The prevalence of DW in a Saudi subpopulation is relatively high. It is imperative that dentists provide guidance to their patients on oral hygiene habits and dietary selections that may contribute to significant tooth wear, as tooth wear is currently acknowledged as a substantial concern in the realm of oral health.