Frontiers in oral health最新文献

The first 1,000 days of life represent a critical window for preventing Early Childhood Caries (ECC). However, a significant global data gap obscures the true scale of ECC within this critical period. This review aims to systematically examine the global availability of ECC data for children under 36 months, discuss age-specific prevalence trends, and synthesize evidence to highlight the implications of missing data. A comprehensive analysis of a global dataset reporting ECC prevalence across 193 United Nations member states (2007-2017) was conducted. Analysis of the data was organized by the World Health Organization Region. The analysis revealed a profound data gap: 73.6% of countries had no data for children under 36 months, and only 19.7% had current data. Where data existed, rates approach or exceed 50% in some countries (e.g., Egypt: 69.6%, Mongolia: 47.5%), indicating that ECC is often well-established in the first 1,000 days of life. Significant regional disparities were identified, with the highest burden in the European Region, the Eastern Mediterranean Region, and the Western Pacific Region. Even within regions, there are extreme disparities in prevalence between countries (e.g., Kuwait at 3.0% vs. Egypt at 69.6% in the Middle East; Finland at 0.3% vs. Kazakhstan at 45.0% in Europe). The scarcity of data and high prevalence rates highlight a public oral health problem in infancy. Closing this global data gap is an essential first step to mobilize resources and implement targeted, effective prevention strategies where we can have the greatest impact.

Background: Although the mechanisms underlying tooth eruption are not fully understood, the prenatal maternal milieu, particularly stress exposures, appears to play an important role in dental development. Yet, limited research has investigated the influence of prenatal stress and stress-related hormones on tooth eruption.

Methods: This study included 142 mother-child dyads from a birth cohort to examine associations between prenatal stress, stress-related hormones, and primary tooth eruption. The number of erupted teeth was assessed by dentists at child visits through 24 months of age. Maternal prenatal depression and anxiety diagnoses were extracted from medical records as a proxy for stress. Stress-related hormone concentrations, including cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine (T4), were measured from salivary samples collected in late pregnancy. Generalized linear models were used to assess associations between prenatal stress, stress-related hormones, and tooth eruption, adjusting for relevant covariates.

Results: Eruption timing varied within our cohort: 15.2% of children had at least one erupted tooth by 6 months, and 25% had all 20 primary teeth by 24 months. Correlations in tooth counts across visits ranged from 0.15 to 0.57. Several prenatal maternal hormones, including cortisol, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, and T3, were significantly and positively associated with the number of erupted teeth at individual visits (p < 0.05). Particularly, higher prenatal cortisol levels were associated with more erupted teeth at 6 months, corresponding to an average difference of ∼4 teeth between the lowest and highest cortisol levels.

Conclusion: Maternal salivary hormone levels in late pregnancy may contribute to variations in primary tooth eruption during the first two years of life.

Objectives: The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine (CHX)-containing products as adjuncts to mechanical oral hygiene practices in maintaining gingival health in patients with intellectual disability.

Materials and methods: An electronic search was conducted in three databases-PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science-1945- December 31, 2024. Two calibrated independent reviewers assessed the selected studies based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main outcomes measured were changes in the gingival index, plaque index, and complications. A meta-analysis was performed to analyze the efficiency of adjunct CHX products compared with controls (mechanical plaque removal only). Additionally, meta-regression was conducted to investigate the factors contributing to these outcomes.

Results: Twelve randomized controlled trials involving individuals with special health care needs (SHCN) were included across varied clinical settings. CHX use was associated with a statistically significant reduction in plaque accumulation (Hedges' g = -1.491; 95% CI: -2.067 to -0.914; P < .001; I² = 37.3%), with the greatest reductions observed in studies using spray and gel delivery methods. Gingival inflammation also decreased significantly across studies (mean difference = -0.214; 95% CI: -0.306 to -0.121; P < .001), with 0.2% CHX formulations demonstrating the most consistent improvement.

Conclusion: In patients with SHCN short-term use (4-6 weeks), especially with 0.2% formulations, appeared to offer the greatest benefit while maintaining acceptable tolerability. While adverse effects such as tooth staining and taste alterations are common, they are generally mild and self-limiting. These findings support the short-term use of CHX as an adjunctive measure in oral hygiene management for individuals with SHCN, with use tailored to the patient's needs and monitored closely by a dental provider to minimize complications.

Systematic review registration: (CRD420251003198).

Aim: In children 8-10 years old with not syndromic cleft lip and palate (nsCLP) and intentionally unrepaired nasoalveolar fistula, to assess the difference in oral health-related quality of life before and 6 months after the reconstruction, compared to age matched children with no birth abnormalities, considering dental occlusion.

Methods: 52 children participated in the study, 26 with nsCLP and 26 with no birth abnormalities. At inclusion in the study, dental occlusion was assessed by the Angle classification and the Dental Aesthetic Index in all the participants, and also by the GOSLON yardstick index in participants with nsCLP. Oral health-related quality of life was evaluated by the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ_8-10) twice, with 6 months in between. Bivariate and repeated measures multivariate analyses were performed with p ≤ 0.05.

Results: In participants with/ without nsCLP, oral-health related quality of life was significantly related to dental occlusion and to age. In participants with nsCLP, after reconstruction, quality of life improved mainly on the emotional and social well-being domains, with influence and interaction between age and dental occlusion.

Comment: In children with nsCLP and intentionally unrepaired nasoalveolar fistula, the earliest possible repair could be beneficial for their emotional and social well-being. To start prompt orthopaedic treatment, early evaluation of dental occlusion should be promoted in both children with and without nsCLP.

Introduction: Crowding or spacing of teeth will impair oral hygiene maintenance and therefore lead to poor oral health and nutrition. Orthodontic treatment aligns the teeth and establish a proper occlusion, both of which are essential in the integrity of oral health and nutrition. Despite advancements in orthodontic treatment, relapse (teeth returning to the previous position) remains a major challenge. Previously, collagen turnover was considered the main factor, but aligns studies suggested extracellular matrix proteins such as tyrosine protein kinase (TEC protein) play a more significant role due to their exclusive presence during the retention phase. While extensive research exists on OTM, few studies have explored biochemical mediators during retention. The primary objective of this scoping review is to identify biochemical mediators at different timelines during OTM and relapse to consolidate findings and address gaps so that orthodontists may attempt to alter the mediators thereby restoring oral health and nutrition.

Method: This scoping review complied with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The search terms used were MESH terms and Boolean terminology. The search was conducted until July 2023 across five databases; PubMed, Scopus, Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar, including gray literature and unpublished data. The resulting numbers of articles (120) were chosen for the scoping review after matching with the framed inclusion and exclusion criteria (distributed as 113 and 7 studies for active and retentive phases respectively). Each reviewer stored the retrieved list of articles in separate folders designated for each database. The two reviewers resolved discrepancies through discussion. Any points of disagreement or conflict in the conducted search were escalated to the third senior reviewer, whose judgment was final.

Results: The extraction of relevant data was independently performed by the two reviewers. The following data were analyzed: author name, journal, year of publication, type of study, sample size, sample site, type of biomarker assessed, and stage of orthodontic treatment. Queries pertaining to a particular study were clarified by contacting the lead author. The data were compiled individually by each reviewer into a draft chart and then discussed to reach a consensus. These data were then shared with a third senior reviewer to streamline and finalize the data.

Conclusions: The literature on biomarkers of tooth movement is exhaustive. However, studies on biomarkers during the retention phase are limited, and more exploration is needed.

Systematic review registration: https://osf.io/sh6u5.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/froh.2025.1675033.].

Purpose: This study aimed to perform a systematic review of the risk factors associated with secondary alveolar bone grafting (SABG) failure in patients with cleft alveolus.

Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases from their inception to 24 February 2025, to identify relevant studies. The search keywords included "alveolar cleft" combined with either "survival" or "failure." Studies that investigated risk factors for the failure of SABG using autologous iliac crest bone were included in this review. Relevant data, including odds ratios, hazard ratios, or comparisons of variables between patients with and without SABG failure, were recorded and analyzed.

Results: A total of nine studies, encompassing 1,855 grafts, were included. The most commonly used definition of SABG failure was Bergland grade 3 or 4. Reported failure rates varied significantly across studies, ranging from 1.0% to 45.1%. The primary risk factors for SABG failure included increased age at SABG (reported in four studies), poor oral hygiene (two studies), and the presence of an erupted lateral or canine tooth (three studies). Additionally, non-Caucasian ethnicity, international adoptee, large cleft size, a history of cleft lip/palate revision or oronasal fistula, nasoalveolar molding, and premaxillary osteotomy were also associated with a higher risk of SABG failure. No significant association was found between SABG failure and sex, alveolar cleft type (bilateral or unilateral), preoperative expansion, or preoperative orthodontics.

Conclusions: The definition of SABG failure varied across studies, with Bergland grade 3 or 4 being the most commonly used criteria. The primary risk factors for SABG failure included increased age, poor oral hygiene, and the presence of an erupted lateral or canine tooth. Surgeons should be aware of these risk factors to optimize surgical strategies and guide patients effectively.

Taking a facial impression is essential in maxillofacial prosthetics and in dentistry when designing a dental prosthesis. This study explores the use of intraoral scanners as an alternative method for recording the surface of the face, specifically the nose. A soft head model was scanned using three different intraoral scanners, and the accuracy with which they captured the nose was compared with that obtained by conventional impressions. Two of the three scanners successfully captured the nose, demonstrating trueness and precision superior to that of conventional impressions. Intraoral scanners are a viable option for capturing the surface of the nose.

Dentine hypersensitivity (DH) is a common yet often overlooked oral condition that causes pain and discomfort, negatively impacting quality of life. The prevalence of DH in the Middle East and Africa (MEA) region is relatively higher than in European countries, highlighting the need for interventions to reduce the disease burden associated with DH. A systematic approach and a thorough understanding of the condition are required for proper diagnosis and management. However, the lack of specific treatment guidelines in the MEA region poses a challenge for clinicians in identifying and managing DH. To address this, an advisory board panel of 12 dental experts from 8 MEA countries developed these consensus recommendations for DH diagnosis and management. This paper presents an overview of the clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges, and management strategies specific to the MEA region. It provides evidence-based recommendations and a simplified algorithm to guide clinicians in diagnosing and managing DH effectively. The panel underscored the importance of early diagnosis, preventive education, behavioral modification, and personalized treatment interventions, including self-care home-based therapies, for optimal DH management. Additionally, the panel emphasized the need for heightened public awareness and the integration of DH education into dental professional curricula.

Introduction: Adipose tissue releases pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and hormones such as irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6, which may be linked to periodontal diseases.

Objectives: Our study aimed to determine salivary irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6 levels in gingivitis and periodontitis patients, compare them with healthy periodontal patients, and evaluate the association between these biomarkers.

Materials and methods: Ninety participants were involved in this case-control study: 30 patients diagnosed with periodontitis (P), 30 patients with gingivitis (G), and 30 periodontally healthy subjects (control; C). The periodontal clinical parameters were documented. The ELISA test examined irisin, visfatin, and interleukin-6 saliva levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS (V.29).

Results: Irisin significantly decreased in gingivitis and periodontitis compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In contrast, gingivitis and periodontitis reported elevated levels of visfatin and interleukin-6 compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Visfatin levels did not significantly change between gingivitis and periodontitis (p > 0.05). All periodontal clinical measures showed a significant negative association with irisin (p < 0.05), except plaque index in the gingivitis group. At the same time, visfatin and interleukin-6 showed significant positive relationships with all clinical periodontal markers (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Salivary irisin levels were reduced in individuals with gingivitis and periodontitis, whereas visfatin and interleukin-6 levels were elevated. These biomarkers may predict susceptibility to periodontal disease.