Pub Date : 2024-04-26eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1335648
Georgia Vasiliki Gkountana, Lezhou Wang, Martina Giacomini, Aini Hyytiäinen, Krista Juurikka, Tuula Salo, Ahmed Al-Samadi
Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCs) is a common cancer type with a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Recent studies have focused on the role of immune checkpoints in HNSCC progression and in their potential use as prognostic markers and immunotherapeutic candidates. Some immune checkpoints, such as PD-1 and PD-L1, have been studied thoroughly in HNSCC. Other molecules, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), have been investigated minimally.
Methods: IDO1 expression, prognostic potential, and association with the immune profile of HNSCC were explored using online databases, including GEPIA, UALCAN, TIMER2.0, cBioPortal, and LinkedOmics, which utilize TCGA datasets and are freely available for use. For validation purposes, seven pairs of primary and metastatic HNSCC were immunostained for IDO1.
Results: Our analysis revealed significantly higher expression of IDO1 in HNSCC, especially in HPV+ SCCs compared with healthy control tissue. However, IDO1 expression showed weak to no prognostic potential for overall and disease-free survival in HNSCC. IDO1 expression in HNSCC was positively correlated with several immune-related molecules, including most of the immune checkpoints. Additionally, GO enrichment analysis revealed that several immune-related pathways are positively correlated with IDO1 expression in HNSCC, such as response to type I interferon and lymphocyte-mediated immunity pathways. Finally, IDO1 expression positively correlated with infiltration of most of the immune cells in HNSCC, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, M1 and M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.
Conclusion: IDO1 expression is closely correlated with the immune profile of the HNSCC. This observation should be explored further to elucidate the potential of targeting IDO1 as a novel immunotherapeutic approach for HNSCC.
{"title":"IDO1 correlates with the immune landscape of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a study based on bioinformatics analyses.","authors":"Georgia Vasiliki Gkountana, Lezhou Wang, Martina Giacomini, Aini Hyytiäinen, Krista Juurikka, Tuula Salo, Ahmed Al-Samadi","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1335648","DOIUrl":"10.3389/froh.2024.1335648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCCs) is a common cancer type with a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Recent studies have focused on the role of immune checkpoints in HNSCC progression and in their potential use as prognostic markers and immunotherapeutic candidates. Some immune checkpoints, such as PD-1 and PD-L1, have been studied thoroughly in HNSCC. Other molecules, such as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), have been investigated minimally.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>IDO1 expression, prognostic potential, and association with the immune profile of HNSCC were explored using online databases, including GEPIA, UALCAN, TIMER2.0, cBioPortal, and LinkedOmics, which utilize TCGA datasets and are freely available for use. For validation purposes, seven pairs of primary and metastatic HNSCC were immunostained for IDO1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our analysis revealed significantly higher expression of IDO1 in HNSCC, especially in HPV+ SCCs compared with healthy control tissue. However, IDO1 expression showed weak to no prognostic potential for overall and disease-free survival in HNSCC. IDO1 expression in HNSCC was positively correlated with several immune-related molecules, including most of the immune checkpoints. Additionally, GO enrichment analysis revealed that several immune-related pathways are positively correlated with IDO1 expression in HNSCC, such as response to type I interferon and lymphocyte-mediated immunity pathways. Finally, IDO1 expression positively correlated with infiltration of most of the immune cells in HNSCC, such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, M1 and M2 macrophages, dendritic cells, and B cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IDO1 expression is closely correlated with the immune profile of the HNSCC. This observation should be explored further to elucidate the potential of targeting IDO1 as a novel immunotherapeutic approach for HNSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11082366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140913609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1410786
Jens Kreth, Emily Helliwell, P. Treerat, Justin Merritt
Historically, the study of microbe-associated diseases has focused primarily on pathogens, guided by Koch's postulates. This pathogen-centric view has provided a mechanistic understanding of disease etiology and microbial pathogenesis. However, next-generation sequencing approaches have revealed a far more nuanced view of the roles various microbes play in disease, highlighting the importance of microbial diversity beyond individual pathogens. This broader perspective acknowledges the roles of host and microbial communities in disease development and resistance. In particular, the concept of dysbiosis, especially within the oral cavity, has gained attention for explaining the emergence of complex polymicrobial diseases. Such diseases often stem from resident microbes rather than foreign pathogens, complicating their treatment and even clouding our understanding of disease etiology. Oral health is maintained through a delicate balance between commensal microbes and the host, with diseases like caries and periodontal disease arising from pathogenic perturbations of this balance. Commensal microbes, such as certain streptococci and Corynebacterium spp., play crucial roles in maintaining oral health through mechanisms involving hydrogen peroxide production and membrane vesicle secretion, which can inhibit pathogenic species and modulate host immune responses. Recent research focused upon the mechanisms of molecular commensalism has expanded our understanding of these key functions of the commensal microbiome, demonstrating their central role in promoting oral health and preventing disease. These abilities represent a largely untapped reservoir of potential innovative strategies for disease prevention and management, emphasizing the need to bolster a symbiotic microbiome that inherently suppresses pathogenesis.
{"title":"Molecular commensalism: how oral corynebacteria and their extracellular membrane vesicles shape microbiome interactions","authors":"Jens Kreth, Emily Helliwell, P. Treerat, Justin Merritt","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1410786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1410786","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, the study of microbe-associated diseases has focused primarily on pathogens, guided by Koch's postulates. This pathogen-centric view has provided a mechanistic understanding of disease etiology and microbial pathogenesis. However, next-generation sequencing approaches have revealed a far more nuanced view of the roles various microbes play in disease, highlighting the importance of microbial diversity beyond individual pathogens. This broader perspective acknowledges the roles of host and microbial communities in disease development and resistance. In particular, the concept of dysbiosis, especially within the oral cavity, has gained attention for explaining the emergence of complex polymicrobial diseases. Such diseases often stem from resident microbes rather than foreign pathogens, complicating their treatment and even clouding our understanding of disease etiology. Oral health is maintained through a delicate balance between commensal microbes and the host, with diseases like caries and periodontal disease arising from pathogenic perturbations of this balance. Commensal microbes, such as certain streptococci and Corynebacterium spp., play crucial roles in maintaining oral health through mechanisms involving hydrogen peroxide production and membrane vesicle secretion, which can inhibit pathogenic species and modulate host immune responses. Recent research focused upon the mechanisms of molecular commensalism has expanded our understanding of these key functions of the commensal microbiome, demonstrating their central role in promoting oral health and preventing disease. These abilities represent a largely untapped reservoir of potential innovative strategies for disease prevention and management, emphasizing the need to bolster a symbiotic microbiome that inherently suppresses pathogenesis.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1283861
M. Paisi, Lyndsey Withers, Rebecca Anderson, Janine Doughty, Lisa Griffiths, Ben Jameson, Elizabeth Murphy, Afsha Musa, Abigail Nelder, Shona Rogers, R. Witton
People experiencing severe and multiple disadvantage (SMD) have disproportionately high levels of dental disease and tooth loss but have limited access to dental care. This paper presents an evidence-based case study of co-designing, implementing, evaluating and refining a community dental clinic for people experiencing SMD in the Southwest of England. It shares challenges, lessons, and solutions. Tailored interventions that coordinate flexible and responsive care are important for facilitating dental access for individuals experiencing SMD. Participatory approaches can deliver a range of impacts both on research and service development. No single fixed model of co-design can be applied in service development, and the choice will vary depending on local context, available resources and joint decision making. Through co-design, vulnerable populations such as those with SMD can shape dental services that are more acceptable, appropriate and responsive to their needs. This approach can also ensure long-term sustainability by bridging treatment pathway development and commissioning.
{"title":"Developing oral health services for people experiencing severe and multiple disadvantage: a case study from Southwest England","authors":"M. Paisi, Lyndsey Withers, Rebecca Anderson, Janine Doughty, Lisa Griffiths, Ben Jameson, Elizabeth Murphy, Afsha Musa, Abigail Nelder, Shona Rogers, R. Witton","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1283861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1283861","url":null,"abstract":"People experiencing severe and multiple disadvantage (SMD) have disproportionately high levels of dental disease and tooth loss but have limited access to dental care. This paper presents an evidence-based case study of co-designing, implementing, evaluating and refining a community dental clinic for people experiencing SMD in the Southwest of England. It shares challenges, lessons, and solutions. Tailored interventions that coordinate flexible and responsive care are important for facilitating dental access for individuals experiencing SMD. Participatory approaches can deliver a range of impacts both on research and service development. No single fixed model of co-design can be applied in service development, and the choice will vary depending on local context, available resources and joint decision making. Through co-design, vulnerable populations such as those with SMD can shape dental services that are more acceptable, appropriate and responsive to their needs. This approach can also ensure long-term sustainability by bridging treatment pathway development and commissioning.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140663435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-24DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1348946
Anne Lise Lund Håheim
This review explores the results of research on oral health concerning cardiovascular diseases and some forms of cancer and is based on results from published systematic reviews and some studies. The research results will have a strong focus on exploring the relationship between different aspects of oral infections. The relationship between oral health parameters, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and certain cancers was examined from different angles, including prospective analyses, in a population-based health study in Oslo from the year 2000 (Oslo II study). A major finding was that low levels of antibodies to the oral anaerobe Tannerella forsythia predict both CVD mortality in men with a history of myocardial infarction and incidence of bladder cancer in a random sample of men in the study. Low levels of antibodies to Treponea denticola predict the incidence of bladder and colon cancer in a random sample of men in the study. Both anaerobe bacteria are part of the so-called red complex of bacteria in chronic periodontitis together with Pophyromonas gingivalis. These three bacteria have different properties and are causal in chronic periodontitis. They migrate into the local tissues by adhering to the oral epithelium, break down soft and hard tissues, and spread via the circulation to organs distant from the mouth. This paper will give an overview of which oral health measures have been explored and associated with different CVD and cancer diagnoses and what scientific literature supports or contravenes our hypothesis. The oral microbiome is described with the most relevant bacteria related to microbiology, serum, autopsies, and associated causes such as alcohol. There will be a mention of the possibilities and limitations of different study designs. There seems to be a causal relationship between oral anaerobe bacteria and systemic diseases regulated by the immune system. This is seen alongside other well-known risk factors, especially for CVD. The prospective finding of a relation to the incidence of certain cancers and CVD is particularly intriguing. However, further research is needed to determine the biological mechanisms underpinning these associations.
这篇综述探讨了与心血管疾病和某些形式的癌症有关的口腔健康研究成果，并以已发表的系统综述和一些研究成果为基础。研究成果将着重探讨口腔感染不同方面之间的关系。2000 年在奥斯陆进行的一项基于人口的健康研究（奥斯陆 II 研究）从不同角度研究了口腔健康参数、心血管疾病（CVD）和某些癌症之间的关系，包括前瞻性分析。研究的一个主要发现是，口腔厌氧菌连翘唐纳菌抗体水平低，可预测有心肌梗死病史的男性的心血管疾病死亡率和随机抽样男性的膀胱癌发病率。牙形特雷伯氏菌抗体水平低可预测随机抽样男性的膀胱癌和结肠癌发病率。这两种厌氧菌与牙龈罂粟菌都是慢性牙周炎中所谓的红色复合菌群的一部分。这三种细菌具有不同的特性，是慢性牙周炎的致病菌。它们通过粘附在口腔上皮移入局部组织，破坏软组织和硬组织，并通过血液循环传播到远离口腔的器官。本文将概述哪些口腔健康措施已被探索并与不同的心血管疾病和癌症诊断相关联，以及哪些科学文献支持或反对我们的假设。本文将介绍与微生物学、血清、尸检以及酒精等相关原因有关的最相关细菌的口腔微生物组。还将提及不同研究设计的可能性和局限性。口腔厌氧菌与受免疫系统调节的全身性疾病之间似乎存在因果关系。这与其他众所周知的风险因素，尤其是心血管疾病的风险因素同时存在。某些癌症的发病率与心血管疾病的关系这一前瞻性发现尤其引人关注。不过，还需要进一步的研究来确定这些关联的生物机制。
{"title":"Oral anaerobe bacteria—a common risk for cardiovascular disease and mortality and some forms of cancer","authors":"Anne Lise Lund Håheim","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1348946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1348946","url":null,"abstract":"This review explores the results of research on oral health concerning cardiovascular diseases and some forms of cancer and is based on results from published systematic reviews and some studies. The research results will have a strong focus on exploring the relationship between different aspects of oral infections. The relationship between oral health parameters, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and certain cancers was examined from different angles, including prospective analyses, in a population-based health study in Oslo from the year 2000 (Oslo II study). A major finding was that low levels of antibodies to the oral anaerobe Tannerella forsythia predict both CVD mortality in men with a history of myocardial infarction and incidence of bladder cancer in a random sample of men in the study. Low levels of antibodies to Treponea denticola predict the incidence of bladder and colon cancer in a random sample of men in the study. Both anaerobe bacteria are part of the so-called red complex of bacteria in chronic periodontitis together with Pophyromonas gingivalis. These three bacteria have different properties and are causal in chronic periodontitis. They migrate into the local tissues by adhering to the oral epithelium, break down soft and hard tissues, and spread via the circulation to organs distant from the mouth. This paper will give an overview of which oral health measures have been explored and associated with different CVD and cancer diagnoses and what scientific literature supports or contravenes our hypothesis. The oral microbiome is described with the most relevant bacteria related to microbiology, serum, autopsies, and associated causes such as alcohol. There will be a mention of the possibilities and limitations of different study designs. There seems to be a causal relationship between oral anaerobe bacteria and systemic diseases regulated by the immune system. This is seen alongside other well-known risk factors, especially for CVD. The prospective finding of a relation to the incidence of certain cancers and CVD is particularly intriguing. However, further research is needed to determine the biological mechanisms underpinning these associations.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140662394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1272692
Adam Hasan, Bret Jones
Pressure for accountability, transparency, and consistency of the assessment process is increasing. For assessing complex cognitive achievements, essays are probably the most familiar method, but essay scoring is notoriously unreliable. To address issues of assessment process, accountability, and consistency, this study explores essay marking practice amongst examiners in a UK dental school using a qualitative approach. Think aloud interviews were used to gain insight into how examiners make judgements whilst engaged in marking essays. The issues were multifactorial. These interviews revealed differing interpretations of assessment and corresponding individualised practices which contributed to skewing the outcome when essays were marked. Common to all examiners was the tendency to rank essays rather than adhere to criterion-referencing. Whether examiners mark holistically or analytically, essay marking guides presented a problem to inexperienced examiners, who needed more guidance and seemed reluctant to make definitive judgements. The marking and re-marking of scripts revealed that only 1 of the 9 examiners achieved the same grade category. All examiners awarded different scores corresponding to at least one grade difference; the magnitude of the difference was unrelated to experience examining. This study concludes that in order to improve assessment, there needs to be a shared understanding of standards and of how criteria are to be used for the benefit of staff and students.
{"title":"Assessing the assessors: investigating the process of marking essays","authors":"Adam Hasan, Bret Jones","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1272692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1272692","url":null,"abstract":"Pressure for accountability, transparency, and consistency of the assessment process is increasing. For assessing complex cognitive achievements, essays are probably the most familiar method, but essay scoring is notoriously unreliable. To address issues of assessment process, accountability, and consistency, this study explores essay marking practice amongst examiners in a UK dental school using a qualitative approach. Think aloud interviews were used to gain insight into how examiners make judgements whilst engaged in marking essays. The issues were multifactorial. These interviews revealed differing interpretations of assessment and corresponding individualised practices which contributed to skewing the outcome when essays were marked. Common to all examiners was the tendency to rank essays rather than adhere to criterion-referencing. Whether examiners mark holistically or analytically, essay marking guides presented a problem to inexperienced examiners, who needed more guidance and seemed reluctant to make definitive judgements. The marking and re-marking of scripts revealed that only 1 of the 9 examiners achieved the same grade category. All examiners awarded different scores corresponding to at least one grade difference; the magnitude of the difference was unrelated to experience examining. This study concludes that in order to improve assessment, there needs to be a shared understanding of standards and of how criteria are to be used for the benefit of staff and students.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1374333
M. Kaur, P. Anderson, S. Shahid, F. S. L. Wong
Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinical minimal intervention to manage dentin caries. Its chemistry in demineralization conditions has been investigated widely, but far less in remineralization conditions. The aim was to investigate and compare the chemical reactions when SDF is added to remineralization and demineralization solutions.0.01 ml SDF (Riva Star) was added to deionized water (DW); demineralization (DS = pH4) and remineralization (RS = pH7.0) solutions. The time sequence of concentrations of NH4+, F−, and Ag+ were measured using ion selective electrodes (ISEs) every 2 min. The pH was also measured. Precipitates were characterized using x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and, 31P and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).The concentrations of NH4+ and Ag+ showed decreasing trends in DW (−0.12 and −0.08 mM/h respectively), and in DS (−1.06 and −0.5 mM/h respectively); with corresponding increase in F− concentration (0.04 and 0.7 mM/h respectively). However, in RS, NH4+ concentration showed little change (0.001 mM/h), and Ag+ and F− concentrations were negligible. XRD results showed that precipitates (in RS only) contained AgCl, and metallic Ag. NMR showed that fluorapatite/carbonated fluorapatite (FAP/CFAP) were formed. The pH increased after SDF addition in all three solutions.SDF dissolved to release NH4+, F− and Ag + . In DW and DS, NH4+ combined with Ag+ to form diamminesilver, causing an increase of F− and pH. In RS, F− reacted with Ca2+ and (PO)43− to form FAP/CFAP, and Ag+ reacted with Cl− to form AgCl/Ag. These suggests why SDF is effective in managing dentin caries.
{"title":"Chemical kinetics of silver diammine fluoride in demineralization and remineralization solutions—an in vitro study","authors":"M. Kaur, P. Anderson, S. Shahid, F. S. L. Wong","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1374333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1374333","url":null,"abstract":"Silver Diammine Fluoride (SDF) is a clinical minimal intervention to manage dentin caries. Its chemistry in demineralization conditions has been investigated widely, but far less in remineralization conditions. The aim was to investigate and compare the chemical reactions when SDF is added to remineralization and demineralization solutions.0.01 ml SDF (Riva Star) was added to deionized water (DW); demineralization (DS = pH4) and remineralization (RS = pH7.0) solutions. The time sequence of concentrations of NH4+, F−, and Ag+ were measured using ion selective electrodes (ISEs) every 2 min. The pH was also measured. Precipitates were characterized using x-ray Diffraction (XRD) and, 31P and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR).The concentrations of NH4+ and Ag+ showed decreasing trends in DW (−0.12 and −0.08 mM/h respectively), and in DS (−1.06 and −0.5 mM/h respectively); with corresponding increase in F− concentration (0.04 and 0.7 mM/h respectively). However, in RS, NH4+ concentration showed little change (0.001 mM/h), and Ag+ and F− concentrations were negligible. XRD results showed that precipitates (in RS only) contained AgCl, and metallic Ag. NMR showed that fluorapatite/carbonated fluorapatite (FAP/CFAP) were formed. The pH increased after SDF addition in all three solutions.SDF dissolved to release NH4+, F− and Ag + . In DW and DS, NH4+ combined with Ag+ to form diamminesilver, causing an increase of F− and pH. In RS, F− reacted with Ca2+ and (PO)43− to form FAP/CFAP, and Ag+ reacted with Cl− to form AgCl/Ag. These suggests why SDF is effective in managing dentin caries.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140683784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1368121
Andrew I. Spielman
This position paper explores the historical transitions and current trends in dental education and practice and attempts to predict the future. Dental education and practice landscape, especially after the COVID-19 epidemic, are at a crossroads. Four fundamental forces are shaping the future: the escalating cost of education, the laicization of dental care, the corporatization of dental care, and technological advances. Dental education will likely include individualized, competency-based, asynchronous, hybrid, face-to-face, and virtual education with different start and end points for students. Dental practice, similarly, will be hybrid, with both face-to-face and virtual opportunities for patient care. Artificial intelligence will drive efficiencies in diagnosis, treatment, and office management.
{"title":"Dental education and practice: past, present, and future trends","authors":"Andrew I. Spielman","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1368121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1368121","url":null,"abstract":"This position paper explores the historical transitions and current trends in dental education and practice and attempts to predict the future. Dental education and practice landscape, especially after the COVID-19 epidemic, are at a crossroads. Four fundamental forces are shaping the future: the escalating cost of education, the laicization of dental care, the corporatization of dental care, and technological advances. Dental education will likely include individualized, competency-based, asynchronous, hybrid, face-to-face, and virtual education with different start and end points for students. Dental practice, similarly, will be hybrid, with both face-to-face and virtual opportunities for patient care. Artificial intelligence will drive efficiencies in diagnosis, treatment, and office management.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140691894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1362659
Rayan Sharka, Lamer Sedayo, Majd Morad, Jameel Abuljadayel
The pursuit of quality services can lead to both service enhancement and increased motivation to visit dental centers for oral health treatment.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dental center service quality factors on revisit intention among adult patients by applying an extended service quality model (SERVQUAL).This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2023 in the outpatient waiting areas and clinical settings of Umm Al-Qura University Dental Teaching Hospital (UQU-DTH). A sample of 355 patients was invited by the convenience sampling method. The data was collected through a validated Arabic version of the extended SERVQUAL questionnaire. A hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the incremental effects of the extended SERVQUAL factors on the intention of patients to revisit the UQU-DTH while controlling for demographic variables. Cronbach alpha was used to examine the internal consistency of each model factor.A total of 330 completed responses were received, with a 93% response rate. The findings indicated that demographic variables such as age and level of education contribute to some extent but become negligible when the extended SERVQUAL factors are included in the model. Moreover, the extended SERVQUAL model factors substantially improved the model. Three factors were found to positively and significantly affect the revisit intention, namely, “staff-related factors,” “cost-effectiveness,” and “responsiveness.” Overall, the model explained 65.6% of the variance in the revisit intention (R2 = 0.656, p < 0.001).The findings present a unique model that may be used to better understand the factors that influence patients' intentions to revisit dental centers in an educational setting. Additionally, it identified elements that dental center quality management needs to prioritize and address.
{"title":"Measuring the impact of dental service quality on revisit intention using an extended SERVQUAL model","authors":"Rayan Sharka, Lamer Sedayo, Majd Morad, Jameel Abuljadayel","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1362659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1362659","url":null,"abstract":"The pursuit of quality services can lead to both service enhancement and increased motivation to visit dental centers for oral health treatment.The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dental center service quality factors on revisit intention among adult patients by applying an extended service quality model (SERVQUAL).This cross-sectional study was conducted between September and November 2023 in the outpatient waiting areas and clinical settings of Umm Al-Qura University Dental Teaching Hospital (UQU-DTH). A sample of 355 patients was invited by the convenience sampling method. The data was collected through a validated Arabic version of the extended SERVQUAL questionnaire. A hierarchical regression analysis was used to assess the incremental effects of the extended SERVQUAL factors on the intention of patients to revisit the UQU-DTH while controlling for demographic variables. Cronbach alpha was used to examine the internal consistency of each model factor.A total of 330 completed responses were received, with a 93% response rate. The findings indicated that demographic variables such as age and level of education contribute to some extent but become negligible when the extended SERVQUAL factors are included in the model. Moreover, the extended SERVQUAL model factors substantially improved the model. Three factors were found to positively and significantly affect the revisit intention, namely, “staff-related factors,” “cost-effectiveness,” and “responsiveness.” Overall, the model explained 65.6% of the variance in the revisit intention (R2 = 0.656, p < 0.001).The findings present a unique model that may be used to better understand the factors that influence patients' intentions to revisit dental centers in an educational setting. Additionally, it identified elements that dental center quality management needs to prioritize and address.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-11DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1270492
Ayden Ismail, A. Yogarajah, Joseph Luke Falconer, R. Dworakowski, Samuel Watson, Jonathan Breeze, M. Gunning, Habib Khan, Azhar Hussain, James P. Howard, Phoebe Cheong, Mira Shah, Luigi Nibali, Vanessa Sousa
Introduction Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a rare, life-threatening infection of the endocardium with multisystem effects. Culprit microorganisms derived from different niches circulate through the bloodstream and attach to the endocardium, particularly the heart valves. This study aimed to investigate culprit microorganisms among a cross-sectional cohort of IE patients, their associated factors, and to explore the potential relationship to the oral microbiome. Methods In this observational study, we undertook a cross-sectional analysis of 392 medical records from patients diagnosed with IE. The primary outcome of this study was to analyse the association between the IE culprit microorganisms and the underlying anatomical types of IE (native valve (NVE), prosthetic valve (PVE), or cardiac device-related (CDE)). Secondary outcomes encompassed a comparative analysis of additional factors, including: the treatment approaches for IE, and the categorisation of blood cultures, extending to both genus and species levels. Additionally, we cross-referenced and compared the species-level identification of IE bacteraemia outcome measures with data from the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). Results A culprit microorganism was identified in 299 (76.28%) case participants. Staphylococcal infections were the most common (p < 0.001), responsible for 130 (33.16%) hospitalisations. There were 277 (70.66%) cases of NVE, 104 (26.53%) cases of PVE, and 11 (2.81%) cases of CDE. The majority of PVE occurred on prosthetic aortic valves (78/104, 75%), of which 72 (93.5%) were surgical aortic valve replacements (SAVR), 6 (7.8%) were transcatheter aortic valve implants, and one transcatheter pulmonary valve implant. Overall, underlying anatomy (p = 0.042) as well as the treatment approaches for IE (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with IE culprit microorganisms. Cross-reference between IE bacteraemia outcomes with the eHOMD was observed in 267/392 (68.11%) cases. Conclusions This study demonstrated that IE patients with a history of stroke, smoking, intravenous drug use, or dialysis were more likely to be infected with Staphylococcus aureus. CDE case participants and patients who had previous SAVR were most associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis. IE patients aged 78+ were more likely to develop enterococci IE than other age groups. Oral microorganisms indicated by the eHOMD are significantly observed in the IE population. Further research, through enhanced dental and medical collaboration, is required to correlate the presence of oral microbiota as causative factor for IE.
{"title":"Insights into microorganisms, associated factors, and the oral microbiome in infective endocarditis patients","authors":"Ayden Ismail, A. Yogarajah, Joseph Luke Falconer, R. Dworakowski, Samuel Watson, Jonathan Breeze, M. Gunning, Habib Khan, Azhar Hussain, James P. Howard, Phoebe Cheong, Mira Shah, Luigi Nibali, Vanessa Sousa","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1270492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1270492","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a rare, life-threatening infection of the endocardium with multisystem effects. Culprit microorganisms derived from different niches circulate through the bloodstream and attach to the endocardium, particularly the heart valves. This study aimed to investigate culprit microorganisms among a cross-sectional cohort of IE patients, their associated factors, and to explore the potential relationship to the oral microbiome. Methods In this observational study, we undertook a cross-sectional analysis of 392 medical records from patients diagnosed with IE. The primary outcome of this study was to analyse the association between the IE culprit microorganisms and the underlying anatomical types of IE (native valve (NVE), prosthetic valve (PVE), or cardiac device-related (CDE)). Secondary outcomes encompassed a comparative analysis of additional factors, including: the treatment approaches for IE, and the categorisation of blood cultures, extending to both genus and species levels. Additionally, we cross-referenced and compared the species-level identification of IE bacteraemia outcome measures with data from the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database (eHOMD). Results A culprit microorganism was identified in 299 (76.28%) case participants. Staphylococcal infections were the most common (p < 0.001), responsible for 130 (33.16%) hospitalisations. There were 277 (70.66%) cases of NVE, 104 (26.53%) cases of PVE, and 11 (2.81%) cases of CDE. The majority of PVE occurred on prosthetic aortic valves (78/104, 75%), of which 72 (93.5%) were surgical aortic valve replacements (SAVR), 6 (7.8%) were transcatheter aortic valve implants, and one transcatheter pulmonary valve implant. Overall, underlying anatomy (p = 0.042) as well as the treatment approaches for IE (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with IE culprit microorganisms. Cross-reference between IE bacteraemia outcomes with the eHOMD was observed in 267/392 (68.11%) cases. Conclusions This study demonstrated that IE patients with a history of stroke, smoking, intravenous drug use, or dialysis were more likely to be infected with Staphylococcus aureus. CDE case participants and patients who had previous SAVR were most associated with Staphylococcus epidermidis. IE patients aged 78+ were more likely to develop enterococci IE than other age groups. Oral microorganisms indicated by the eHOMD are significantly observed in the IE population. Further research, through enhanced dental and medical collaboration, is required to correlate the presence of oral microbiota as causative factor for IE.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.3389/froh.2024.1290652
Marikken Høiseth, Arefe Jasbi
Introduction In this study, we aimed to understand adolescents' perspectives on oral health care and promotion. Our research was conducted in the context of Norway's oral health care system, where societal factors like income and education influence health disparities. Despite free public dental care for all residents younger than 19 years, challenges persist in promoting oral health among adolescents, a group whose oral health behavior and literacy remain largely unexplored. Materials and methods A thematic analysis of an anonymized dataset from 80 adolescents aged 12–20 years was conducted. Results Five central themes were recognized: (1) Feeling fresh vs. feeling indifferent: A broad spectrum of attitudes; (2) Bridging gaps, building habits: Collaborative efforts in oral care; (3) “Create good experiences at the dentist so people come back again”; (4) Requested qualities in oral health promoting solutions; (5) Reminder tools for everyday use. Taken together, these themes highlight adolescents' oral health practices and resources, recommendations for dental clinics, and visions for future oral health promotion. Discussion Based on the results, the discussion highlights a need for tailored oral health promotion and ideas to reach adolescents in meaningful and effective ways. Reflections on the theme of social inequalities are provided.
{"title":"Adolescents' views on oral health care and promotion in Norway: everyday practices, recommendations, and future visions","authors":"Marikken Høiseth, Arefe Jasbi","doi":"10.3389/froh.2024.1290652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2024.1290652","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction In this study, we aimed to understand adolescents' perspectives on oral health care and promotion. Our research was conducted in the context of Norway's oral health care system, where societal factors like income and education influence health disparities. Despite free public dental care for all residents younger than 19 years, challenges persist in promoting oral health among adolescents, a group whose oral health behavior and literacy remain largely unexplored. Materials and methods A thematic analysis of an anonymized dataset from 80 adolescents aged 12–20 years was conducted. Results Five central themes were recognized: (1) Feeling fresh vs. feeling indifferent: A broad spectrum of attitudes; (2) Bridging gaps, building habits: Collaborative efforts in oral care; (3) “Create good experiences at the dentist so people come back again”; (4) Requested qualities in oral health promoting solutions; (5) Reminder tools for everyday use. Taken together, these themes highlight adolescents' oral health practices and resources, recommendations for dental clinics, and visions for future oral health promotion. Discussion Based on the results, the discussion highlights a need for tailored oral health promotion and ideas to reach adolescents in meaningful and effective ways. Reflections on the theme of social inequalities are provided.","PeriodicalId":94016,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in oral health","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140722908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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